JP4500996B2 - Holographic optical element consisting of a noble metal film fixed to a substrate - Google Patents

Holographic optical element consisting of a noble metal film fixed to a substrate Download PDF

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JP4500996B2
JP4500996B2 JP2004163827A JP2004163827A JP4500996B2 JP 4500996 B2 JP4500996 B2 JP 4500996B2 JP 2004163827 A JP2004163827 A JP 2004163827A JP 2004163827 A JP2004163827 A JP 2004163827A JP 4500996 B2 JP4500996 B2 JP 4500996B2
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gold
gelatin
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interference fringes
hologram
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謙一 久下
友昭 中尾
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国立大学法人 千葉大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H2001/026Recording materials or recording processes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2260/00Recording materials or recording processes
    • G03H2260/50Reactivity or recording processes
    • G03H2260/63Indirect etching, e.g. lithography
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2270/00Substrate bearing the hologram
    • G03H2270/10Composition
    • G03H2270/11Crystal or glass

Description

本発明は、基盤に固着した貴金属膜で記録された干渉縞からなるホログラム及びホログラフィック光学素子並びにその製造方法に関するものである。  The present invention relates to a hologram and holographic optical element composed of interference fringes recorded with a noble metal film fixed to a substrate, and a method for manufacturing the same.

ホログラフィは画像情報を画像光と参照光の位相差による干渉縞として記録する技術であり、3次元像を再現できる3次元画像ディスプレイ及び光学素子の作製技術、干渉を利用した光学計測技術などとして利用されている。そしてこの技術を応用した製品はホログラムと呼ばれている。ホログラムの記録材料としては古くから銀塩感光材料が用いられている。これは単分散できわめて平均粒径の小さいハロゲン化銀粒子を使用して、干渉縞の強度変化を現像銀の有無による透過率の差として記録する振幅型ホログラム、あるいはそれを漂白してハロゲン化銀粒子の有無による屈折率差やハロゲン化銀粒子も除去した後のゼラチン膜の屈折率差で記録する位相型ホログラムとして使用されている。その他にゼラチン膜の屈折率差で記録する重クロム酸ゼラチンや、ポリマー膜表面の凸凹の形で記録するフォトレジスト、露光・未露光部の屈折率差で記録するフォトポリマーなど幾つかの材料が開発され、広く用いられている。
久保田敏弘、日本写真学会誌、65、15−20(2002).
Holography is a technology that records image information as interference fringes due to the phase difference between image light and reference light, and is used as a 3D image display and optical element fabrication technology that can reproduce 3D images, and an optical measurement technology that uses interference. Has been. A product that applies this technology is called a hologram. As a hologram recording material, a silver salt photosensitive material has been used for a long time. This is a monodispersed silver halide grain with a very small average grain size, and an amplitude hologram that records the change in the intensity of interference fringes as a difference in transmittance depending on the presence or absence of developed silver, or bleached and halogenated It is used as a phase hologram for recording with the difference in refractive index depending on the presence or absence of silver particles and the difference in refractive index of the gelatin film after removing silver halide grains. In addition, there are several materials such as dichromated gelatin that records by the refractive index difference of gelatin film, photoresist that records by uneven shape of polymer film surface, and photopolymer that records by refractive index difference of exposed and unexposed areas. Developed and widely used.
Toshihiro Kubota, Journal of the Photographic Society of Japan, 65, 15-20 (2002).

これらに記録されたホログラムはほとんどがゼラチンを含むなんらかのポリマーの膜を構成要素として含んでいる。ポリマーの膜は変質、損傷を生じやすく、それにより微細な干渉縞の像が損傷するとホログラム画像は劣化する。そのためホログラム画像は一般的に保存性が良好ではない。アートメディアあるいは光学素子として利用した場合、長期間変質しないということが重要であるが、現在のホログラム記録材料はその点から見て満足のいくものではない。アートメディアとしてのホログラムは、屋外に展示できない、室内でも照明を暗くしなければならない、カバーを掛けなければならないなど、その展示条件に制約が多く、ホログラムを広く展示することができないので、普及の妨げになっている。また、光学素子として使用する場合、強い光に長時間さらされるので光により劣化すると耐久性に問題が生じる。そのため安定で、保存性、耐久性に優れたホログラム記録材料と記録方法が望まれていた。The holograms recorded on these contain as a component a film of some polymer, mostly containing gelatin. The polymer film is likely to be altered and damaged, so that the hologram image deteriorates when the image of fine interference fringes is damaged. Therefore, the hologram image is generally not good in storage stability. When used as art media or optical elements, it is important that the material does not change for a long time, but current hologram recording materials are not satisfactory in that respect. Holograms as art media cannot be exhibited outdoors, they must be dimly lit indoors, they must be covered, and there are many restrictions on the display conditions, and holograms cannot be exhibited widely. It is an obstacle. In addition, when used as an optical element, it is exposed to intense light for a long time, so that deterioration due to light causes a problem in durability. Therefore, a hologram recording material and a recording method that are stable and have excellent storage stability and durability have been desired.

変質の主な原因には、1.光(紫外線)、2.湿度、3.空気中の酸素や微量の酸化性、腐食性ガスなどがある。  The main causes of alteration are: Light (ultraviolet), 2. 2. humidity There are oxygen in the air and trace amounts of oxidizing and corrosive gases.

その改善方法の一つとして、銀塩感光材料では写真乳剤の改良、フォトポリマーなどではポリマーの改質による耐久性の向上が図られている。
特開平09−251199号公報 特開2000−310936号公報
As one of the improvement methods, the silver salt light-sensitive material is improved in photographic emulsion, and the photopolymer is improved in durability by modifying the polymer.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-251199 JP 2000-310936 A

また、吸収層を設けて紫外線を吸収することで耐光性を増すことが図られている。
特開2000−310934号公報
In addition, an attempt is made to increase light resistance by providing an absorption layer to absorb ultraviolet rays.
JP 2000-310934 A

また、透明な板で挟んで密封することにより湿気、ガスの浸透を遮断することで湿度、各種ガスの効果を排除することが図られている。
特開2000−162948 特開2001−175154
Further, it is attempted to eliminate the effects of humidity and various gases by blocking moisture and gas permeation by sandwiching and sealing between transparent plates.
JP2000-162948 JP 2001-175154 A

銀塩感光材料は高感度、高解像力という特徴からホログラム記録材料の一つとしてこれまで広く用いられてきている。銀塩感光材料で露光、現像の処理により作製されたホログラムは振幅型であるが、現像後の漂白処理によって現像で生じた銀粒子を透明なハロゲン化銀粒子に変換する、あるいはハロゲン化銀を除去することにより、位相型に変換している。干渉縞はゼラチンとハロゲン化銀粒子、あるいはゼラチン間の屈折率の差で記録されている。湿気や乾燥によりゼラチン膜が不均一に拡大縮小することで干渉縞の像が乱れたり、ハロゲン化銀を含むホログラムは光により光分解銀が析出したりするなど、保存性、耐久性が良好でない。そのためアクリル板等の透明なもので覆って密封する、表面を紫外線吸収膜などでコートするなどの方策がとられている。しかしいずれも完璧な方法ではない。  Silver salt photosensitive materials have been widely used as one of hologram recording materials because of their high sensitivity and high resolution. Holograms produced by exposure and development processing with silver salt light-sensitive materials are of amplitude type, but silver particles generated by development are converted to transparent silver halide grains by bleaching after development, or silver halide By removing, it is converted to a phase type. Interference fringes are recorded by gelatin and silver halide grains, or the difference in refractive index between gelatin. Preservation and durability are not good, such as interference fringe image is disturbed due to non-uniform enlargement / reduction of the gelatin film due to moisture or drying, and holograms containing silver halide cause photodegraded silver to be precipitated by light. . For this reason, measures are taken such as sealing with a transparent material such as an acrylic plate and coating the surface with an ultraviolet absorbing film. But neither is the perfect method.

本発明はかかる事情に鑑みなされたものであって,ポリマーが含まれている限り上記の問題の根本的解決にならない。安定な基盤上にポリマーを含まない安定な物質で干渉縞の像を作ってホログラムを記録するのが根本的解決策の一つである。このとき記録材料は高感度、高解像力を併せ持っていることが望ましい。銀塩感光材料はホログラム記録材料のなかでも高い感度と高い解像力を併せ持っていることから、この材料を用いてこの課題を解決する方法が得られれば最適である。
以上、本発明は銀塩感光材料を用いて、ポリマーを含まない安定な物質で構成された干渉縞の像からなる、保存性、耐久性の良好なホログラムを作製する方法を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and as long as a polymer is contained, it does not fundamentally solve the above problem. One of the fundamental solutions is to form an interference fringe image with a stable material that does not contain polymer on a stable substrate and record the hologram. At this time, it is desirable that the recording material has both high sensitivity and high resolution. Since a silver salt photosensitive material has both high sensitivity and high resolution among hologram recording materials, it is optimal if a method for solving this problem can be obtained using this material.
As described above, the present invention has an object to provide a method for producing a hologram having a good storage stability and durability comprising an image of interference fringes composed of a stable substance not containing a polymer, using a silver salt photosensitive material. And

銀塩写真感光材料を用いた場合、銀より安定な貴金属で干渉縞の像を形成しておき、この干渉縞の像からゼラチンを取り除くことができれば上記目的が達成される。そのため本発明者は鋭意検討を重ねた結果、通常の写真現像処理に代わって、貴金属微粒子で干渉縞の像が形成される処理を行うことと、耐熱性の基盤を用いて加熱焼成によりゼラチン膜を燃焼除去することを合わせて行うことにより、目的が達せられることに到達した。  In the case of using a silver salt photographic light-sensitive material, the above object can be achieved if an interference fringe image is formed with a noble metal more stable than silver and gelatin can be removed from the interference fringe image. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventor conducted a process for forming an interference fringe image with noble metal fine particles instead of a normal photographic development process, and a gelatin film by heating and baking using a heat-resistant substrate. It was achieved that the purpose was achieved by combining the removal of the gas with combustion.

前者の方法として、露光部のハロゲン化銀粒子上に形成される潜像核が、貴金属イオンから金属原子を析出する反応の触媒としても作用することが利用できることを見いだした。ここで潜像核とは露光時にハロゲン化銀の光分解により生じる微小な銀原子の核であり、通常の写真現像時にはこれが酸化還元反応の触媒として作用するため、露光部のハロゲン化銀粒子のみが選択的に還元されて金属銀粒子となり、干渉縞の像が形成される。  As the former method, it has been found that the latent image nucleus formed on the silver halide grains in the exposed portion can also be used as a catalyst for the reaction of depositing metal atoms from noble metal ions. Here, the latent image nucleus is a nucleus of minute silver atoms generated by photodecomposition of silver halide at the time of exposure, and this acts as a catalyst for redox reaction during normal photographic development. Are selectively reduced to metallic silver particles, and an interference fringe image is formed.

後者の方法として、耐熱性の基盤上にこのような貴金属微粒子で干渉縞の像を形成しておけば加熱焼成が可能であり、ゼラチン膜のみが燃焼除去されて、残された貴金属微粒子は基盤に固着した膜となって干渉縞の像を保つことを見いだした。通常の白黒写真法で記録した干渉縞の像は加熱焼成により金属銀粒子がその形を崩して酸化銀に酸化されるため像が消失してしまうのであるが、酸化されない貴金属微粒子で干渉縞の像を記録しておくことにより加熱焼成が可能となった。  As the latter method, if an image of interference fringes is formed with such noble metal fine particles on a heat-resistant substrate, it can be heated and fired. Only the gelatin film is burned and removed, and the remaining noble metal fine particles are the substrate. It was found that an image of interference fringes was maintained as a film fixed to the film. The image of interference fringes recorded by ordinary black-and-white photography is lost because the metal silver particles lose their shape and are oxidized to silver oxide by heating and firing, but the image disappears. Recording an image enabled baking by heating.

本発明は、次のとおりのものである。1.耐熱性基盤に固着した貴金属膜で干渉縞の像が形成されているホログラフィック光学素子。2.耐熱性基盤に固着した貴金属膜で干渉縞の像が形成されているホログラム、3.耐熱性基盤に固着した貴金属膜で光の回折が可能な干渉縞の像が形成されている回折格子。4.耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に貴金属微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに耐熱基盤上に貴金属膜を固着する工程、を有するホログラフィック光学素子の作製方法。5.耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に貴金属微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに耐熱基盤上に貴金属膜を固着する工程、を有するホログラムの作製方法。6.耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に貴金属微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに耐熱基盤上に貴金属膜を固着する工程、を有する回折格子の作製方法。  The present invention is as follows. 1. A holographic optical element in which an image of interference fringes is formed by a noble metal film fixed to a heat-resistant substrate. 2. 2. A hologram in which an interference fringe image is formed of a noble metal film fixed to a heat-resistant substrate. A diffraction grating in which an image of interference fringes capable of diffracting light is formed with a noble metal film fixed to a heat-resistant substrate. 4). Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on a heat-resistant substrate and generating exposure by generating interference fringes. A method for producing a holographic optical element, comprising: an image forming step; a step of burning and removing the gelatin by burning and fixing a noble metal film on a heat-resistant substrate. 5. Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on a heat-resistant substrate and generating exposure by generating interference fringes. A method for producing a hologram, comprising: a step of forming an image; a step of burning and removing the gelatin by burning and fixing a noble metal film on a heat-resistant substrate. 6). Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on a heat-resistant substrate and generating exposure by generating interference fringes. A method for manufacturing a diffraction grating, comprising: a step of forming an image; and a step of burning to remove the gelatin by burning and fixing a noble metal film on a heat-resistant substrate.

本発明によると,耐熱性基盤に固着した貴金属膜で干渉縞の像が形成されているホログラフィック光学素子(請求項1)および耐熱性基盤に固着した貴金属膜で干渉縞の像が形成されているホログラム(請求項2)および耐熱性基盤に固着した貴金属膜で光の回折が可能な干渉縞の像が形成されている回折格子(請求項3)および耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に貴金属微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに耐熱基盤上に貴金属膜を固着する工程、を有するホログラフィック光学素子の作製方法(請求項4)および耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に貴金属微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに前記耐熱基盤上に貴金属膜を固着する工程、を有するホログラムの作製方法(請求項5)および耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に貴金属微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに前記耐熱基盤上に貴金属膜を固着する工程、を有する回折格子の作製方法(請求項6)が提供できるようになった。  According to the present invention, an interference fringe image is formed by a holographic optical element (claim 1) in which an interference fringe image is formed by a noble metal film fixed to a heat resistant substrate and a noble metal film fixed by the heat resistant substrate. Hologram (Claim 2), diffraction grating (Claim 3) on which an image of interference fringes capable of diffracting light is formed by a noble metal film fixed to the heat-resistant substrate, and halogen as a photosensitive material on the heat-resistant substrate Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles and gelatin as a supporting material, generating interference fringes, exposing, exposing the noble metal fine particles to the exposed areas to form images of interference fringes, firing and A method for producing a holographic optical element having a step of burning and removing gelatin and fixing a noble metal film on a heat-resistant substrate (Claim 4), and a silver halide ultrafine grain as a photosensitive material on the heat-resistant substrate And a step of applying a photographic emulsion containing gelatin as a support material to generate interference fringes, a step of depositing noble metal fine particles on the exposed portion to form an image of interference fringes, and burning to remove the gelatin by burning. And a method for producing a hologram having a step of fixing a noble metal film on the heat-resistant substrate (claim 5), and a photographic emulsion comprising silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on the heat-resistant substrate. Coating, generating an interference fringe for exposure, depositing noble metal fine particles on the exposed portion to form an image of the interference fringe, firing to burn and remove the gelatin, and forming a noble metal film on the heat-resistant substrate It is now possible to provide a method for manufacturing a diffraction grating having a fixing step (claim 6).

本発明で得られたホログラムはガラス等の安定な基盤上に貴金属膜で干渉縞の像を形成するものであり、すべての構成要素は化学的に安定である。そのため,化学的に変質しにくいホログラムを作製することが可能となった。さらに、貴金属膜はポリマー膜より強固であるので、通常のホログラムよりかき取り、摩擦などに対して強い機械的強度を持つ。したがって,変質しにくく、機械的強度のある、保存性、耐久性のあるホログラムの製造への応用が最適である。  The hologram obtained by the present invention forms an interference fringe image with a noble metal film on a stable substrate such as glass, and all the constituent elements are chemically stable. For this reason, it has become possible to produce holograms that are not easily chemically altered. Further, since the noble metal film is stronger than the polymer film, the noble metal film has higher mechanical strength against scraping and friction than a normal hologram. Therefore, it is most suitable for the production of holograms that are hard to be altered, have mechanical strength, and are storable and durable.

本発明によるホログラムは非常に安定であり、厳重な気密、被覆、遮光処理を必要としない。これは屋外展示も可能な長期間変質しない展示用アートメディアホログラム画像としての利用に適している。  The hologram according to the present invention is very stable and does not require strict airtightness, covering and shading. This is suitable for use as an art media hologram image for display that does not change for a long time and can be exhibited outdoors.

文化財、美術作品の保存のためにそのホログラム像を撮影しておくことや、またそのホログラム画像を代わりに展示することが行われているが、そこで使われるホログラムは充分な耐久性・保存性のあるものでなければならない。本発明によるホログラムは充分な保存性、耐久性を有しているので、保存記録用、展示用ホログラム画像としての利用が可能である。  In order to preserve cultural assets and artworks, the hologram images are taken and the hologram images are displayed instead. The holograms used there have sufficient durability and preservation. There must be something. Since the hologram according to the present invention has sufficient storage stability and durability, it can be used as a hologram image for storage recording and display.

ホログラムを回折格子などのフォトグラフィック光学素子として使用する場合、特に強い光にさらされることが多いので、耐光性のあるホログラムでないとフォトグラフィック光学素子として使用しがたい。本発明は回折格子等の耐久性のあるホログラフィック光学素子としての作製に適している。  When a hologram is used as a photographic optical element such as a diffraction grating, it is often exposed to particularly strong light. Therefore, it is difficult to use the hologram as a photographic optical element unless it is a light-resistant hologram. The present invention is suitable for production as a durable holographic optical element such as a diffraction grating.

以下,この発明の実施形態を図面に示すモデル的実施態様に基づいて具体的に説明する。  Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below based on model embodiments shown in the drawings.

第1図は本発明の一実施態様(以下、単に本発明ともいう)を示すものである。第1図(a)は無色透明のガラス基盤11と、このガラス基盤11上に設けられたゼラチン膜12及びこの中に分散したハロゲン化銀粒子13からなる写真乳剤層と、を有する写真乾板を示す。この乾板に干渉縞を記録する露光を行った後、露光部に金を沈着させるために金イオンを含む処理液に浸漬すると、第1図(b)に示すように露光部14のハロゲン化銀粒子上に形成された潜像核が触媒となって、潜像核を持つハロゲン化銀粒子上に金微粒子16が析出する。未露光部15にはハロゲン化銀のみである。ついで一般的な写真定着液で処理すると、第1図(c)に示すようにすべてのハロゲン化銀は除去されて、露光部14に金微粒子のみがゼラチン膜12に保持されて残る。このとき金微粒子からなる干渉縞の像が形成されている。次にこの干渉縞の像を電気炉中で焼成すると、ゼラチン膜は炭化した後燃え尽き、その間に金微粒子は凝集、溶融してガラス基盤上に固着するので、第1図(d)に示すようにガラス基盤11上に固着した金の膜17からなる干渉縞の像が形成される。  FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as the present invention). FIG. 1 (a) shows a photographic dry plate having a colorless and transparent glass substrate 11, a gelatin film 12 provided on the glass substrate 11, and a photographic emulsion layer comprising silver halide grains 13 dispersed therein. Show. After performing exposure for recording interference fringes on this dry plate, when immersed in a treatment solution containing gold ions to deposit gold in the exposed portion, the silver halide in the exposed portion 14 as shown in FIG. The latent image nuclei formed on the grains serve as a catalyst, and gold fine particles 16 are deposited on the silver halide grains having the latent image nuclei. The unexposed portion 15 is only silver halide. Then, when processed with a general photographic fixing solution, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), all the silver halide is removed, and only the gold fine particles remain on the gelatin film 12 and remain in the exposed portion. At this time, an image of interference fringes made of gold fine particles is formed. Next, when this interference fringe image is baked in an electric furnace, the gelatin film is carbonized and burned out, and during that time, the gold fine particles agglomerate and melt and adhere to the glass substrate, so as shown in FIG. 1 (d). Then, an interference fringe image composed of the gold film 17 fixed on the glass substrate 11 is formed.

以下に具体的な実施例を示す。写真感光材料としてホログラム記録用超微粒子写真乾板を用い,また貴金属として金を用いたモデル例である。ホログラム撮影用光学系を用いて、干渉縞を記録する露光を行った。第2図にその光学系を示す。露光光源としてはアルゴンレーザ21を用い、波長488nmの光をハーフミラー22で2分割し、それぞれミラー23で反射させ、光束間の入射角が28°になるように感光材料24に入射させて、感光材料表面で1μmの間隔の干渉縞を生じるように露光した。  Specific examples are shown below. This is a model example using an ultrafine particle photographic dry plate for hologram recording as a photographic photosensitive material and gold as a noble metal. Exposure for recording interference fringes was performed using a hologram photographing optical system. FIG. 2 shows the optical system. An argon laser 21 is used as an exposure light source, light having a wavelength of 488 nm is divided into two by the half mirror 22, reflected by the mirror 23, and incident on the photosensitive material 24 so that the incident angle between the light beams is 28 °. The surface of the photosensitive material was exposed so as to generate interference fringes having a spacing of 1 μm.

露光後の写真乾板を金沈着処理液に浸漬した。全暗黒中で処理液を20℃に保ち、3〜48時間浸漬した。浸漬終了後清浄な水で水洗を繰り返し、金錯体を十分洗浄除去した後、F−5写真定着液に5〜10分間浸漬した。その後流水で十分水洗することにより、残留定着液成分を除去した。  The exposed photographic plate was immersed in a gold deposition treatment solution. The treatment solution was kept at 20 ° C. in total darkness and immersed for 3 to 48 hours. After completion of the immersion, washing with clean water was repeated, and the gold complex was sufficiently washed and removed, and then immersed in the F-5 photographic fixing solution for 5 to 10 minutes. Thereafter, the remaining fixing solution component was removed by sufficiently washing with running water.

本発明で用いた金の沈着処理のための処理液は、清浄な水に金チオシアン酸カリウム水溶液を加えた後、それより少ない量の塩化金酸ナトリウム水溶液を加えて、金チオシアネート錯体を形成させ、さらに臭化カリウムを加えて臭化物イオン濃度を調整したものである。処理液の処方の一例は次のとおりである。300mlの2回蒸留水に1mol/lのチオシアン酸カリウム水溶液5mlを加えて混合した後、5×10−2molの塩化金酸ナトリウム水溶液5mlを撹拌しながら、ゆっくり滴下した。滴下と同時に生じた沈殿が撹拌とともに消失して透明になってから次の液滴を加えた。すべての塩化金酸ナトリウム水溶液を加え終わった後、0.4mol/lの臭化カリウム水溶液10mlを加え混合した後、2回蒸留水を加えて全量を500mlとした。The treatment liquid for gold deposition used in the present invention was prepared by adding a gold potassium thiocyanate aqueous solution to clean water and then adding a smaller amount of sodium chloroaurate aqueous solution to form a gold thiocyanate complex. Further, potassium bromide was added to adjust the bromide ion concentration. An example of the prescription of the treatment liquid is as follows. After adding 5 ml of 1 mol / l potassium thiocyanate aqueous solution to 300 ml double distilled water and mixing, 5 ml of 5 × 10 −2 mol sodium chloroaurate aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The precipitate formed at the same time as the dropwise addition disappeared with stirring and became transparent, and the next droplet was added. After all the aqueous sodium chloroaurate solution had been added, 10 ml of a 0.4 mol / l potassium bromide aqueous solution was added and mixed, and then double distilled water was added to make the total volume 500 ml.

ここで貴金属として金の他に白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウムなどの白金属元素や、これらの混合したもの、また金と混合したものが可能である。また、ここで錯体を形成する配位子としてはこのほかにチオ硫酸イオン、チオ尿素など、中心金属イオンと配位して可溶性の錯体を形成しうるものが可能である。また、臭化カリウムより低い濃度のヨウ化カリウムをここへ加えることにより金の析出速度を大きくすることができる。  Here, in addition to gold, white metal elements such as platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, a mixture thereof, and a mixture with gold can be used as the noble metal. In addition to the above, the ligand forming the complex may be a ligand capable of forming a soluble complex by coordination with a central metal ion such as thiosulfate ion or thiourea. Moreover, the precipitation rate of gold | metal | money can be enlarged by adding potassium iodide of the density | concentration lower than potassium bromide here.

金微粒子を形成した膜からなる試料を、電気炉中で徐々に昇温して約480℃に達してから数時間焼成し、加熱を停止してから電気炉中で室温に戻るまで徐冷した。途中300℃ぐらいからゼラチンが炭化して全体が黒い膜となるが、400℃を超えると燃焼しきって無くなり、後にガラス基盤に金膜の固着し、ホログラム画像の再生が可能なホログラムが得られた。  A sample consisting of a film in which gold fine particles are formed is gradually heated in an electric furnace and reaches a temperature of about 480 ° C. and then baked for several hours. After the heating is stopped, the sample is gradually cooled to return to room temperature in the electric furnace. . On the way, gelatin is carbonized from about 300 ° C and the whole becomes a black film, but when it exceeds 400 ° C, it burns and disappears, and a gold film is fixed to the glass substrate later, and a hologram capable of reproducing a hologram image is obtained. .

本発明で得られたホログラムは、透過光については途中の焼成前の金微粒子からなる段階では金微粒子特有の赤紫色を示したが、焼成後の最終段階では濃い青紫色を呈した。焼成前後の吸収スペクトルを第3図に示す。焼成前のスペクトルは540〜550nmにピークを持つ鋭い吸収を示し、これは金微粒子のプラズモン吸収に帰属できた。焼成後の吸収スペクトルはより長波長側にピークを持ち、幅の広がったピークを持つ金のバルク吸収に帰属できることから、金微粒子が焼成により凝集して、連続した金の膜に変化したことを示していた。  The hologram obtained in the present invention showed a reddish purple color unique to gold fine particles in the stage of the pre-fired gold fine particles in the middle of the transmitted light, but exhibited a deep blue-violet color in the final stage after firing. Fig. 3 shows absorption spectra before and after firing. The spectrum before firing showed sharp absorption having a peak at 540 to 550 nm, which could be attributed to plasmon absorption of gold fine particles. Since the absorption spectrum after firing has a peak on the longer wavelength side and can be attributed to the bulk absorption of gold having a broadened peak, the fact that the gold fine particles aggregated by firing and changed into a continuous gold film. Was showing.

本発明で得られたホログラムは強い金光沢を有した。焼成前後の反射スペクトルを第4図に示す。焼成により反射率が増大しているが、特に長波長側での反射率の増大が顕著であり、青色成分の反射の少ない金光沢を示すときの反射スペクトルに近づいていた。これも金微粒子が金の膜に変化したことを示していた。  The hologram obtained by the present invention had a strong gold luster. The reflection spectra before and after firing are shown in FIG. Although the reflectivity increased by firing, the increase in reflectivity on the long wavelength side was particularly remarkable, and it was close to the reflection spectrum when showing a gold luster with little reflection of the blue component. This also indicated that the gold fine particles were changed to a gold film.

干渉縞の像を形成した金の膜の光学顕微鏡写真を第5図に示す。明瞭な干渉縞の像が観察されており、干渉縞の間隔は1μmと光学系の組み立てで設計したとおりの間隔であった。  FIG. 5 shows an optical micrograph of the gold film on which the interference fringe image is formed. A clear interference fringe image was observed, and the spacing between the interference fringes was 1 μm, as designed in the assembly of the optical system.

0.1秒で露光し、633nmで測定した透過光での回折効率を、本発明による方法で得られた焼成前後のホログラムと、比較のために現像液GP8を用いて通常の写真現像法で得られたホログラムとについて第1表に示した。  The diffraction efficiency of the transmitted light measured at 633 nm after exposure for 0.1 seconds was compared with the hologram before and after baking obtained by the method according to the present invention by a normal photographic development method using a developer GP8 for comparison. The obtained hologram is shown in Table 1.

Figure 0004500996
Figure 0004500996

焼成前の金微粒子からなる回折格子は透過光で観察したとき最大10%近い回折効率を示し、通常の写真現像法で得られる値より大きな値が得られた。焼成により透過光での回折効率は低下したが、本発明で得られたホログラム画像は強い金光沢を有しており、反射光で見た場合強い回折光が観察された。
また、本発明を用いて、光の回折が可能な干渉縞の像が形成された回折格子などのフォトグラフィック素子への応用が可能である。
A diffraction grating composed of gold fine particles before firing showed a diffraction efficiency close to 10% at the maximum when observed with transmitted light, and a value larger than that obtained by a normal photographic development method was obtained. Although the diffraction efficiency with transmitted light was reduced by baking, the hologram image obtained in the present invention had a strong gold luster, and strong diffracted light was observed when viewed with reflected light.
Further, the present invention can be applied to a photographic element such as a diffraction grating on which an interference fringe image capable of diffracting light is formed.

本発明によれば、展示用アートメディアホログラム画像、保存記録・展示用ホログラム画像、回折格子等のホログラフィック光学素子などが得られる。  According to the present invention, an art media hologram image for display, a hologram image for storage recording / display, a holographic optical element such as a diffraction grating, and the like can be obtained.

本発明の方法によりガラス基盤上に固着した貴金属膜からなる干渉縞の像を得る工程を示す図である。  It is a figure which shows the process of obtaining the image of the interference fringe which consists of a noble metal film fixed on the glass substrate by the method of this invention. 干渉縞を記録するための光学系を示す図である。  It is a figure which shows the optical system for recording an interference fringe. 焼成前後のホログラムが示す吸収スペクトルを示す図である。  It is a figure which shows the absorption spectrum which the hologram before and behind baking shows. 焼成前後のホログラムが示す反射スペクトルを示す図である。  It is a figure which shows the reflection spectrum which the hologram before and behind baking shows. 干渉縞の像の光学顕微鏡写真を示す図である。  It is a figure which shows the optical microscope photograph of the image of an interference fringe.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11…ガラス基盤
12…ゼラチン膜
13…ハロゲン化銀粒子
14…露光部
15…未露光部
16…金微粒子
17…金膜
21…アルゴンレーザ
22…ハーフミラー
23…ミラー
24…感光材料
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Glass substrate 12 ... Gelatin film 13 ... Silver halide grain 14 ... Exposed part 15 ... Unexposed part 16 ... Gold fine particle 17 ... Gold film 21 ... Argon laser 22 ... Half mirror 23 ... Mirror 24 ... Photosensitive material

Claims (6)

耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に金及び白金族元素の少なくともいずれかを含む微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに前記耐熱基盤上に金及び白金族元素の少なくともいずれかを含む膜を固着する工程、を有するホログラフィック光学素子の作製方法。 Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on a heat-resistant substrate and generating exposure by generating interference fringes , at least one of gold and platinum group elements in the exposed area Depositing microparticles containing fine particles to form an image of interference fringes, firing to burn and remove the gelatin, and fixing a film containing at least one of gold and a platinum group element on the heat-resistant substrate. A method for producing a holographic optical element. 耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に金及び白金族元素の少なくともいずれかを含む微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに前記耐熱基盤上に金及び白金族元素の少なくともいずれかを含む膜を固着する工程、を有するホログラムの作製方法。 Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on a heat-resistant substrate and generating exposure by generating interference fringes , at least one of gold and platinum group elements in the exposed area Depositing microparticles containing fine particles to form an image of interference fringes, firing to burn and remove the gelatin, and fixing a film containing at least one of gold and a platinum group element on the heat-resistant substrate. A method for producing a hologram. 耐熱性基盤上に感光物質であるハロゲン化銀超微粒子及び支持材であるゼラチンを含む写真乳剤を塗布し、干渉縞を発生させて露光する工程、露光部に金及び白金族元素の少なくともいずれかを含む微粒子を析出させて干渉縞の像を形成する工程、焼成して前記ゼラチンを燃焼除去するとともに前記耐熱基盤上に金及び白金族元素の少なくともいずれかを含む膜を固着する工程、を有する回折格子の作製方法。 Applying a photographic emulsion containing silver halide ultrafine particles as a photosensitive material and gelatin as a support material on a heat-resistant substrate and generating exposure by generating interference fringes , at least one of gold and platinum group elements in the exposed area Depositing microparticles containing fine particles to form an image of interference fringes, firing to burn and remove the gelatin, and fixing a film containing at least one of gold and a platinum group element on the heat-resistant substrate. A method for manufacturing a diffraction grating. 前記白金族元素は、白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウムの少なくともいずれかを含む請求項1記載のホログラフィック光学素子の作製方法。  The method for producing a holographic optical element according to claim 1, wherein the platinum group element includes at least one of platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium. 前記白金族元素は、白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウムの少なくともいずれかを含む請求項2記載のホログラムの作製方法。  The hologram production method according to claim 2, wherein the platinum group element includes at least one of platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium. 前記白金族元素は、白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウムの少なくともいずれかを含む請求項3記載の回折格子の作製方法。  The method for producing a diffraction grating according to claim 3, wherein the platinum group element includes at least one of platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium.
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