JP4500580B2 - Ginkgo leaf compost production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique related to composting of ginkgo leaves.

  Conventionally, when compost is made from fallen leaves, for example, deciduous broad-leaved trees such as cucumbers, strawberries, zelkova, konara, beech, dogwood, hydrangea, plane tree, and poplar are fermented faster than conifers and evergreen broad-leaved trees. It is known as fallen leaves suitable for composting, but ginkgo, cherry blossoms, camphor trees, etc. are difficult to ferment, especially in the case of fallen leaves of ginkgo biloba because they are not suitable for burning and are not suitable for incineration. It is common to be disposed of.

  However, the conventional disposal method is time-consuming and requires a large disposal site for land reclamation and cannot be effectively used.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to ensure that compost can be reliably used by a simple procedure so that it can be effectively used when disposing of ginkgo leaves.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention collects ginkgo leaves and removes other than ginkgo leaves, and then cuts the collected material into a strip having a length of 25 mm or less by applying it to a specific tree crusher. Scratch, add water to this cut material, mix with rice bran, lime nitrogen and other fermentation aids, bring it into a composting place to make it compost, and then stir and adjust moisture as necessary As the specific tree crusher, a feed roller with sawtooth-shaped scrapers projecting at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, and a hammer type cutter along the circumferential direction. The cutting rotor and the mesh-like screen that are projected at predetermined intervals are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream, and are fed through the feed roller. It was of the type that passes forces the screen through a cutting rotor things.

Here, the point is that the collected fallen leaves are cut into strips having a side of 25 mm or less by a specific tree crusher, and at the same time the surface is damaged. It is promoted and composted in about 5 to 6 months just by mixing rice bran, which is a normal composting procedure for fallen leaves, or lime nitrogen, but if you do not shred the ginkgo leaves, When composting without damaging the surface, the ginkgo biloba leaves contain a large amount of flavonoids and tempels that inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Fermentation does not progress, and even if it is fragmented while scratching the surface with a specific tree crusher, if it is made a size of 25 mm or more on one side, it will take a long time to obtain a ripe compost It takes, sometimes becomes unstable results, such as to fail to composting. Even in the case of fragmentation, composting becomes difficult in most cases when the surface is not damaged by simply fragmenting so that one side is 25 mm or less by cutting or the like.
Note that at least one side of 25 mm may have a portion exceeding 25 mm, but even in this case, it means that there is a width portion of 25 mm or less as the minimum side. For example, a mesh with a 25 mm hole as described below Including the case where the material is cut into pieces by passing through.

  It should be noted that composting will not be disturbed even if something other than ginkgo leaves, such as twigs or fallen leaves other than ginkgo leaves, is mixed, but if you try to use fully matured compost, for example, as a fungus bed material for mushrooms, Remove anything other than ginkgo biloba leaves because they are too high or too low.

At this time, a feed roller in which sawtooth-shaped scrapers project at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, a cutting rotor in which hammer-type cutters project at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and a mesh As a tree crusher of a type in which the shaped screen is sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream and the material to be crushed fed through the feed roller is forced to pass through the screen via the cutting rotor , for example, building waste, Existing wood-based crushing machines for crushing thinned wood, pruned branches, etc. (for example, “Brush Grinder” Maruma Technica Co., Ltd.) can be used, and such crushers should be used. As a result, the surface of the ginkgo biloba as a material to be crushed becomes damaged by the feed roller and cutting rotor at the same time. It is possible to strip to a predetermined size mesh screens, the subsequent fermentation treatment smoothly. And in order to cut | disconnect at least to the strip | belt of 25 mm or less at one side, a screen with a mesh diameter of 25 mm is used.
In addition, when cutting into a strip of 25 mm or less on one side using such a crusher, the exact reason why the fermentation is promoted is unclear, but due to fragmentation and scratches on the surface The flavonoids and terpenes contained in ginkgo biloba and inhibit the growth of microorganisms easily evaporate. At the same time, the wax and resin components on the surface of fallen leaves are removed, making it easier to absorb moisture. It is presumed that invasion also becomes easy and decomposition by microorganisms is promoted.

  Then, when ginkgo leaves are cut into pieces with the above-described tree crusher, for example, a piece with a minimum side of 25 mm or more is less than 1% by volume, a piece with 25 to 5 mm is 98% by volume or more and 5 mm or less. Is less than 1% by volume, but composted ginkgo leaves maintain their original shape compared to composted other leaves such as zelkova and cucumber, and are less likely to collapse. In addition to producing moderate gaps in the soil even when used as, it seems to contain ingredients suitable for the cultivation of specific mushrooms, etc. If used, it has a reputation for easy rooting and remarkable growth.

  The collected ginkgo biloba is cut into strips with a side of 25 mm or less with a tree crusher, and at the same time the surface is scratched. Water is added to the cut material, and rice bran, fermentation aids such as lime nitrogen are mixed and composted. As a result, it has become possible to effectively use what has been embedded in soil or the like and processed wastefully as humus or the like.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Here, FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of ginkgo leaf compost according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a tree crusher used when composting ginkgo leaves.

  The method for producing compost of ginkgo biloba and the compost of ginkgo biloba according to the present invention are conventionally suitable for compost raw materials and incineration, and are intended to effectively use fallen leaves of ginkgo biloba that have been disposed of by landfill. Composting can be done in the same way as ordinary fallen leaves by adding a process that only shreds to a predetermined size or less with a tree crusher, and compost of this ginkgo biloba can be used as a fungus bed for a specific mushroom. It has been found that it is very effective for the growth of mushrooms when used as a material, and has led to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the method for producing a ginkgo leaf compost according to the present invention first collects ginkgo leaves and removes other than ginkgo leaves. At this time, the ginkgo leaf is preferably a fallen ginkgo leaf fallen according to the season. In addition, composting is not affected even if other fallen leaves other than ginkgo biloba are included, but the completed compost is used as a material for the fungus bed of specific mushrooms by removing things other than ginkgo biloba In order to improve adaptability, the present invention removes other than ginkgo leaves.

Next, this ginkgo leaf is cut into strips having at least one side of 25 mm or less by a tree crusher, and at the same time, many scratches are given to the surface.
Here, FIG. 2 is explanatory drawing of the tree crusher in a present Example, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view, (c) is explanatory drawing of a screen, This tree crusher 1 is an existing one (trade name “Brush Grinder” Maruma Technica Co., Ltd.) configured as a wood-based crusher such as building waste, thinned wood, and pruned branches and leaves. A feed roller 3 is provided downstream of the conveyer 2 that can be transported. A cutting rotor 4 is provided downstream of the feed roller 3, and a screen 5 is provided downstream thereof. A payout shooter 6 for paying out the crushed crushed material is provided downstream of the screen 5.
A plurality of scrapers 7 project from the outer peripheral surface of the feed roller 3 at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, and a sawtooth blade 8 is formed at the tip of each scraper 7. In the embodiment, the blade interval of the blade portion 8 is 20 mm, the interval between the feed roller 3 and the floor surface is about 90 mm, and the mutual interval between the scrapers 7 is about 125 mm.
In addition, hammer type cutters 9 are projected on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting rotor 4 at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, and the cutters 9 are arranged at irregular positions in the width direction. . In this embodiment, the number of cutters 9 is about 12.
As shown in FIG. 2 (c), the screen 5 has a mesh shape with a hole having a constant diameter. The hole has various sizes such as a diameter of 100 mm, a diameter of 60 mm, a diameter of 50 mm, and a diameter of 30 mm. In this embodiment, a mesh screen 5 having a 25 mm diameter hole is used.

In the tree crusher 1 as described above, when a collection of ginkgo leaves is fed together via the conveyor 2, the ginkgo leaves are scraped out toward the cutting rotor 4 by the scraper 7 of the feed roller 3. When the scraped ginkgo biloba accumulates to some extent on the upstream side of the cutting rotor 4, the cutter 9 of the cutting rotor 4 hooks it and pushes it toward the screen 5 to forcibly pass the mesh. The ginkgo leaf that has passed through the mesh is cut to a diameter of at least one side of 25 mm or less, and the blade 8 of the scraper 7 of the feed roller 3 and the cutter of the cutting rotor 4 are formed on the surface of the cut strip. Many scratches due to 9 and scratches when passing through the mesh of the screen 5 are formed.
By the way, after cutting the ginkgo leaves into strips with such a tree crusher, the size distribution was examined. The strips with a minimum side of 25 mm or more were less than 1% by volume, and the strips with 25 to 5 mm were 98 volumes. %, More than 5mm strips were less than 1% by volume, but the small strips of 25mm or more were included when passing through the mesh in a rounded or folded state. It seems to be.

  And while adding water to the cut material cut | judged with this tree crushing machine, fermentation assistants, such as rice bran and lime nitrogen, are mixed. At this time, in this example, 2 tons of ginkgo leaf cuts are mixed at a ratio of 1 cubic meter of rice bran and 60 kg of lime nitrogen.

  Next, this is carried into a composting facility and deposited, and the top is covered with a waterproof sheet or the like to prevent excessive moisture from flowing out due to rainfall or the like, and outflow of nutrients. Increase and promote fermentation.

Then, it can be seen that the fermentation temperature reaches about 60 degrees in about 10 days, and the fermentation is progressing. Then, it is aerobic by stirring so that the outside and the inside of the deposit are exchanged about once every two weeks. Promotes decomposition by bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, and adjusts moisture as needed. This moisture adjustment is, for example, about 250 liters of irrigation for 2 tons of compost raw material.
Then, the fermentation temperature of 60 ° C. or more continues for several months and becomes fully matured compost in 5 to 6 months.

The composting method as described above is the same as the procedure for composting other fallen leaves such as knugi and straw except that the ginkgo leaf is cut into strips having a side of 25 mm or less by the tree crusher 1. However, it is convenient because a matured compost of ginkgo biloba leaves can be obtained in 5 to 6 months simply by fragmenting with a tree crusher and at the same time adding a treatment that only scratches the surface.
And when the compost manufactured by such a method was used as a fungus bed material of a specific mushroom, it was confirmed that it was very effective.
This is because even in the fully composted state, the ginkgo biloba leaves tend not to collapse and the original shape tends to remain, and even when used as a fungus bed material, an appropriate gap is generated inside and it is easy to root. This is presumed to be due to the fact that, in the case of other fully-ripened compost, it tends to crumble when touched by hand, and the density tends to increase.

Next, experimental examples of composting without cutting the ginkgo biloba leaves, experimental examples of composting by comminution with a size of 25 mm or more by the tree crusher 1, and cutting to a size of 25 mm or less by other means Then, composting will be described.
First, the water content was adjusted without cutting the ginkgo biloba leaves, and when rice bran and lime nitrogen were mixed and composted in a composting facility, the decomposition of the leaves hardly progressed even after about a year.
Next, when this tree shredding machine 1 is shredded to a size of 25 mm or more, moisture is adjusted, rice bran and lime nitrogen are mixed and composted in a composting facility, composting takes a long time, and sometimes compost It was unstable because of the failure to make it.

Next, the ginkgo biloba leaves are cut with a cutter or the like so that the length of each side is 25 mm or more by means other than a tree crusher. In some cases, composting was successful, but in most cases it failed. This seems to be because the environment for growing microorganisms is not sufficiently prepared because the surface of the strip is not damaged.
As a result, the effectiveness of the present invention was confirmed.

In this embodiment, the minimum side of the ginkgo biloba is set to a size of 25 mm or less, but of course, the maximum side may be cut to a size of 25 mm or less.
Further, the fermentation aid is not limited to rice bran or lime nitrogen.

  Ginkgo biloba leaves that have been disposed of by landfill, etc., are cut into small pieces of a predetermined size or less with a specific tree crusher, and at the same time, the surface is damaged and composted so that compost can be used effectively. At that time, it is simple because it is the same as the normal composting procedure of fallen leaves except that it is cut into small pieces of a predetermined size or less and composted.

Process drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the compost of the ginkgo leaf concerning this invention It is explanatory drawing of an example of the tree crusher used when composting a ginkgo leaf, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view, (c) is explanatory drawing of a screen.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tree crusher, 3 ... Feed roller, 4 ... Cutting rotor, 5 ... Screen, 7 ... Scraper, 9 ... Cutter.

Claims (1)

Collecting ginkgo leaves and removing things other than ginkgo biloba, cutting the collected material into a specific tree crusher, cutting at least one side of 25 mm or less into pieces, and simultaneously scratching the surface, The process of adding rice bran, lime nitrogen and other fermentation aids, the process of bringing this into a composting place and composting, and then stirring as necessary and adjusting the water content for fermentation The specific tree crusher includes a feed roller in which sawtooth-shaped scrapers project at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, and a hammer type cutter along the circumferential direction. Cutting rotors and mesh-shaped screens that are projected at predetermined intervals are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream, and are fed through the feed rollers. Method for producing compost ginkgo biloba, wherein the object to be of a type that passes forcibly screen through a cutting rotor.

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