JP4500340B2 - Dust generation simulation system and dust generation simulation program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dust prediction management system and a dust generation simulation program.

  The simulation technique of atmospheric advection diffusion is a publicly known public technique. A method for predicting the atmospheric environment of the next day using numerical weather information as an input is publicly known. As one of them, a pollen information system that incorporates a biological generation model of cedar pollen, which is a kind of dust, and predicts the pollen concentration distribution on the next day has been put into practical use (see Non-Patent Document 1 below).

On the other hand, regarding the generation of dust, the US Environmental Agency has published a method for estimating the relationship between the operation scale in the mining industry and the dust generation amount using a basic unit model (see Non-Patent Document 2 below).
NTT Technical Journal, 17 (2), pp. 58-61, 2005 National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Procedures Document for 1900-1996.

  The operating unit model in the method disclosed by the U.S. Environmental Agency above does not take into account the efforts and mitigation efforts of corporate activities related to conventional measures, so it often results in overestimation, and does not evaluate or promote corporate efforts. In that respect, there are significant operational issues.

  Furthermore, there has never been a system that actively incorporates corporate management parameters into the dust generation model and uses it for environmental management.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the problem to be solved by the present invention is to build a dust generation model including weather parameters and operation management parameters and incorporate it in a dust prediction simulator. , The dust generation simulation system and the dust which can obtain the knowledge of the influence of the generation factor and parameters related to the dust distribution and obtain the prediction information that can be used for the operation management after half to two days based on them To provide a generation simulation program.

In the present invention, in order to solve the above problem, as described in claim 1,
Based on a numerical weather prediction parameter input unit that receives numerical weather prediction parameters, an operation parameter input unit that inputs operation parameters related to dust generation, the numerical weather prediction parameters and operation parameters related to dust generation A dust generation amount simulation unit that predicts the dust generation amount, an atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit that predicts a dust concentration distribution based on the dust generation amount predicted by the dust generation amount simulation unit and the numerical weather prediction parameter, and The output unit that outputs the dust concentration distribution predicted by the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit, and the output result processing unit that derives the region and time when the dust concentration output by the output unit is equal to or higher than the management index , The dust generation simulation section is concerned with the numerical weather prediction parameters and slopes. Parameters constituting the dust generation simulation system, characterized by estimating a dust generation amount from the slope based on.

In the present invention, as described in claim 2,
The dust generation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein a local wind field reanalysis unit that increases a spatial resolution of the numerical weather prediction parameter, a post processing unit that corrects a dust concentration distribution predicted by the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit, A dust generation simulation system comprising at least one of a data storage unit for storing the predicted dust concentration distribution and an output result visualization unit for visualizing the output of the output result processing unit To do.

In the present invention, as described in claim 3 ,
The dust generation simulation system according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a main cause of dust generation is presented based on a degree of contribution to the dust concentration for each dust generation source calculated by the output result processing unit. Configure dust generation simulation system.

In the present invention, as described in claim 4 ,
The dust generation simulation system according to claim 1, 2, or 3 , wherein a method for reducing dust generation derived by the output result processing unit is presented.

In the present invention, as described in claim 5 ,
5. The dust generation simulation system according to claim 4 , wherein the dust generation simulation system is characterized by recalculating an expected dust concentration distribution when the method for reducing the dust generation is implemented.

In the present invention, as described in claim 6 ,
A dust generation simulation program for causing a computer to execute a procedure for operating a dust generation simulation system, a procedure for inputting a numerical weather prediction parameter, and a reanalysis of a local wind field based on the numerical weather prediction parameter A procedure for incorporating operation parameters related to dust generation into a dust generation model, a reanalysis result of the local wind field, an operation parameter related to dust generation, the dust generation model, and the numerical weather Using a prediction parameter and a slope parameter , a procedure for performing a dust generation simulation for predicting a dust generation amount from the slope, a reanalysis result of the local wind field, and a prediction result of the dust generation amount Procedure for performing atmospheric advection diffusion simulation to predict dust concentration distribution, Causing the computer to execute a procedure for outputting the result of the advection diffusion simulation and a procedure for presenting the region and time when the dust concentration is predicted to be equal to or higher than the management index based on the result of the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation. Configure the dust generation simulation program.

In the present invention, as described in claim 7 ,
7. The dust generation simulation program according to claim 6 , wherein the computer executes a procedure for performing post processing for correcting the predicted dust concentration distribution.

In the present invention, as described in claim 8 ,
8. The dust generation simulation program according to claim 7 , wherein the dust generation simulation program refers to monitoring data from an external monitor when performing the post processing.

In the present invention, as described in claim 9 ,
9. The dust generation simulation program according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein a computer executes a procedure for storing a result of the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dust generation simulation system and a dust generation simulation program that can obtain prediction information that can be used for operation management after half a day to two days later, and a large amount of dust is generated in the mining industry or the like. In such industrial fields, it is possible to predict the future dust concentration in the atmosphere, and to estimate the main causes of occurrence in the previous day, making it possible to operate with efficient environmental conservation measures. The effect is great.

  The present invention mainly relates to a technique for effectively reducing the environmental load and the health management of workers by predicting dust generated accompanying business activities and feeding it forward to operations.

  Dust consists of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as soil roll-up by strong winds, sea salt, smoke, and soil roll-up during truck operation. In the present invention, these are calculated by a dust generation model constructed by a function of weather and business activity, and by calculating the numerical weather forecast and atmospheric advection diffusion simulation, the dust concentration is calculated from half a day to two days after the region of interest, and the management index is calculated. In the case where it is expected to exceed, the invention relates to a system that supports the appropriate management of the dust concentration of the environment by planning the change of the operation parameter.

  As illustrated in FIG. 1, the dust generation simulation system according to the present invention includes a numerical weather prediction parameter input unit 1, an operation parameter input unit 2 that inputs operation parameters related to dust generation, and a numerical weather prediction parameter input. The dust generation amount simulation unit 3 that predicts the dust generation amount based on the numerical weather prediction parameter input to the unit 1 and the operation parameter input to the operation parameter input unit 2, and the dust predicted by the dust generation amount simulation unit 3 Atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit 4 that predicts the dust concentration distribution based on the generation amount and numerical weather prediction parameters, an output unit 5 that outputs the dust concentration distribution predicted by the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit 4, and an output unit 5 that outputs Output result processing unit that derives the region and time when the dust concentration to be exceeded exceeds the management index As a component of the door.

  The numerical weather prediction parameters are input to the dust generation amount simulation unit 3 and the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit 4 after the spatial resolution of the local wind field reanalysis unit 7 is increased.

  Further, in the dust generation simulation system according to the present invention, a post-processing unit that corrects the dust concentration distribution predicted by the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit 4, a data storage unit that stores the predicted dust concentration distribution, and an output result processing unit If at least one of the output result visualization units for visualizing the outputs of 6 is provided, it is convenient for use.

  An example of a schematic configuration of a calculation model executed in the dust generation simulation system according to the present invention is shown in FIG. In other words, the simulation here uses the numerical weather prediction information (required) and the dust monitoring data (optional), which are the numerical weather prediction parameters, as input, local wind field reanalysis, dust generation model, atmospheric advection diffusion calculation And post-processing such as rain wash, data storage and output function, and operation support function performed by the output result processing unit 6. In the dust generation model, an operation factor database (DB), which is an operation parameter related to dust generation, which is an operation parameter related to dust generation, is used.

  Operation parameters include the operation status of the transport truck (number, load capacity, speed, transport course); scale of blasting at the mining site, location, meteorological conditions; crushing conditions for the crushing equipment; conveyor transport conditions to the stock yard; Watering (frequency, amount of water).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the numerical weather prediction information, which is a numerical weather prediction parameter, is obtained via the numerical weather prediction parameter input unit 1, and the local wind field reanalysis unit 7 based on the numerical weather prediction information is Re-analyze the situation field, obtain the operation parameters related to dust generation from the operation factor DB via the operation parameter input unit 2, incorporate it into the dust generation model in the dust generation amount simulation unit 3, and use the dust generation model Estimating dust generation amount, combining the estimation result and wind field reanalysis result, atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit 4 predicts dust concentration distribution, and for rain washing etc. (with monitoring data as an option) Post-processing that is related correction is performed, and the resulting data is stored in the data storage unit and output from the output unit 5, and the output is For example, the output result visualization unit presents the region and time when the dust result processing unit 6 processes and the dust concentration is predicted to exceed the management index, and further suggests a change in the operation status. Useful.

  The numerical weather forecast information typically has a resolution of 5 to 20 km, and GPV data published by the Japan Meteorological Agency including forecast information several tens of hours ahead is most useful. However, for example, meteorological data output by mesoscale weather calculation software such as RAMS, MM5, or WRF (for example, see http://www.wrf-mode1.org/index.php) that has already been used. Even if it is prediction information, since the same spatial resolution and prediction time are possible, it may be sufficient, or may be weather prediction information that predicts probabilistically through statistical processing or the like.

  The local wind field reanalysis is a calculation module for improving the spatial resolution of the original weather forecast information by about 3 to 10 times and enabling calculation reflecting the topography in more detail. At the same time, the stability of the atmosphere will be calculated using the pathil classification etc. in this module.

  The dust generation model is a mathematical model of chimney exhaust gas, ground surface roll-up in truck transport, rock crushing, loading, transport, disposal, etc., natural surface wind-up, etc. This module calculates the amount of dust generated in the atmosphere as a function of the operating factor.

  Advection diffusion calculation is a module that calculates the dust concentration in the atmosphere from time to time based on the reanalyzed wind field and the amount of dust generated.

  Post processing is performed in a post processing unit (not shown) provided between the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit 4 and the output unit 5, and corrections relating to rain washing treatment due to rain, dry deposition, deposition on the ground surface, etc. It is processing. Furthermore, it is preferable to perform accuracy evaluation on-line by comparing the prediction result with monitoring data from an external monitor at that time. At that time, weather conditions such as rainfall are also monitored, and the rain washing process will have a large error unless it is re-evaluated at that time. Therefore, it is preferable to use the online monitoring data for the post process.

  While the dust generation model is characteristic during the series of processes described above, the other parts are generally known from atmospheric advection diffusion calculations. As a typical example, a pollen scattering forecast is published on the web and used publicly (for example, see http://kafun-info.hi-ho.ne.jp/).

  A feature of the present invention is operation support performed by the output result processing unit 6. As shown in FIG. 3, this function includes a threshold judgment function for judging whether or not the dust concentration exceeds a predetermined reference value as a threshold, a notification posted on a predetermined site or a push-type notification by a mobile phone. Includes functions, estimation and evaluation of contribution of dust generation factors at a specific place and time, operation factor change support related to countermeasures for dust generation causes, and a function to save change instructions in the DB.

  In the threshold judgment, first, when the prediction result of the dust concentration calculated for each mesh exceeds a preset threshold value such as an environmental standard, the location and time are clarified as shown in FIG. 4, for example. . This is preferably displayed with a map.

  The notification function is a function of notifying an administrator or the like of an e-mail, or a push type notification using a mobile phone, particularly in an event exceeding a threshold.

  The contribution degree estimation is a function for estimating the relative contribution degree of the dust generation factor particularly in a place where the threshold value is exceeded. In the present invention, the dust generated from each model is distinguished and recalculated on the assumption that the dust is not mixed, and the contribution is estimated from the dust concentration generated in each model. If this assumption is made, the error of concentration diffusion becomes larger in principle, but in the evaluation of dust concentration in the medium and wide area, the forced diffusion due to the advection term and wind turbulence is actually more dominant. Therefore, there is not much trouble. This contribution estimation may be performed offline, but it is preferable to automatically execute the contribution estimation if there is a place exceeding the threshold in the calculation area to be evaluated.

  Operation factor change support is a function that supports a method for identifying major dust causes related to atmospheric dust from the contribution estimation and reducing the generation of dust. Specifically, the specification of the model is not a problem, but it is better to instruct the plan change in cooperation with the database for specifically indicating the change instruction. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a support function that can give more appropriate instructions by probabilistic processing such as neuro processing including weather conditions and operational requirements. Moreover, it is preferable to recalculate the expected dust concentration when the instruction is followed and present it as a judgment material for the system user.

[Example of embodiment]
In the simulator having the configuration of FIG. 2, the following is implemented as a dust generation model, and the amount of dust generation is calculated from various parameters.
(1) Winding from the ground surface by wind (US Environmental Agency model)

Ｆ_１：粉塵発生量［g/cm^２/s]
ｋ：粒子係数（ＰＭ10＝0.9，ＰＭ2.5＝0.135）［ここでは１とする]
Ｃ_２：定数（4×10^−１４）[g/cm^２/s]
Ｃd：巻き上げ係数[ここでは１とする］
ｕ：風速［cm/s]
Г(3,x）：ガンマ分布確率［ここでは１とする］
Ｕt：風速の閾値［cm/s］
Ｕ*t：土壌タイプに応じた巻き上がり風速［cm/s］
（２）斜面による崩落とそれによって発生する粉塵（独自定義）
Ｆ_２ ＝ Ｆa×ＡＮ×(１−Ｈ)×(１−ＳＷ)
ＡＮ ＝ αγｕ
Ｆ_２：粉塵発生量[g/m^２/s]
Ｆa：崩落当りの発生量［g/回]
Ｈ：湿度[100％を１とする]
ＳＷ：土壌の湿度[100％を１とする]
α：係数
γ：斜面傾斜度
（３）車輸送
Ｆ_３ ＝（Ｅ_１＋Ｅ_２＋Ｅ_３)×ＴＶ/(Ａ×3600）
Ｆ_３：粉塵発生量[g/m^２/s]
Ｅ_１：排気ガスの排出係数 1[g/台 km]（路面状態と車種により定まる）
Ｅ_２：タイヤ摩耗による排出係数 2[g/台 km]（路面状態と車種により定まる）
Ｅ_３：巻上げによる排出係数 3[g/台 km]（路面状態と車種により定まる）
ＴＶ：走行量[台 km/h]
Ａ：グリッド面積[m^２]
（４）定常排出点源
Ｆ_４ ＝ ＥＦｐ×ＰＶ
Ｆ_４：粉塵発生量[g/s]
ＥＦｐ：プロセスあたりの排出係数
ＰＶ：単位時間あたりのプロセス量［ton/h]
（５）粉砕プロセス
Ｆ_５＝ＥＦｃ×ＳＶ
Ｆ_５：粉塵発生量[g/s]
ＥＦｃ：単位岩石量あたりの排出係数
ＳＶ：単位時間あたりの岩石粉砕処理量［ton/h]
これらを用いて、２０〜２８時間後の評価を行った。一部風況場に変化はあるものの、概ね、中風、乾燥、大気安定度は中、の条件下であった。メッシュのグリッドサイズは３００ｍとし、大気移流拡散シミュレーションを実行、１時間値毎に出力した。移流拡散の計算はオイラー法を用いた。

F ₁ : Dust generation amount [g / cm ² / s]
k: Particle coefficient (PM10 = 0.9, PM2.5 = 0.135) [In this case, 1]
C ₂ : Constant (4 × 10 ⁻¹⁴ ) [g / cm ² / s]
Cd: Winding coefficient [here, 1]
u: Wind speed [cm / s]
Г (3, x): Gamma distribution probability [In this case, 1]
Ut: Wind speed threshold [cm / s]
U * t: Winding speed according to soil type [cm / s]
(2) Collapse by slope and dust generated by it (original definition)
F ₂ = Fa × AN × (1-H) × (1-SW)
AN = αγu
F ₂ : Dust generation amount [g / m ² / s]
Fa: Amount generated per collapse [g / time]
H: Humidity [100% is 1]
SW: Soil humidity [100% is 1]
α: Coefficient γ: Slope slope (3) Car transport F ₃ = (E ₁ + E ₂ + E ₃ ) × TV / (A × 3600)
F ₃ : Dust generation amount [g / m ² / s]
E _1: emission factor of the exhaust gas 1 [g / pedestal miles] (determined by the road surface condition and vehicle type)
E ₂ : Emission factor due to tire wear 2 [g / vehicle km] (determined by road surface condition and vehicle type)
E _3: emission coefficient due to the winding 3 [g / pedestal km] (determined by the road surface condition and vehicle type)
TV: Traveling distance [unit km / h]
A: Grid area [m ² ]
(4) Steady discharge point source F ₄ = EFp × PV
F ₄ : Dust generation amount [g / s]
EFp: Emission coefficient per process PV: Process amount per unit time [ton / h]
(5) Grinding process F ₅ = EFc × SV
F ₅ : Dust generation amount [g / s]
EFc: Emission coefficient per unit rock volume SV: Rock grinding processing volume per unit time [ton / h]
Using these, evaluation after 20 to 28 hours was performed. Although there were some changes in the wind field, the conditions were generally medium wind, dry, and atmospheric stability. The grid size of the mesh was 300 m, atmospheric advection / diffusion simulation was executed, and output was performed every hour. The Euler method was used to calculate the advection diffusion.

Assuming that there are n “positions” to be calculated, assuming that the dust concentration at the i-th position is D _i , each D _i is obtained by the following matrix calculation formula.

ここに、ａ_ｉｊは、上記の粉塵発生量Ｆ_ｊ（ｊ＝１、２、３、４または５）が単位量だけ増加したときのＤ_ｉの増加分をＦ_ｊの単位で割ったものである。

Here, a _ij is obtained by dividing the increment of D _i by the unit of F _j when the dust generation amount F _j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) is increased by the unit amount. is there.

The dust concentration D _i in the i-th position is expressed by the following equation.

D _i = a _i1 F ₁ + a _i2 F ₂ + a _i3 F ₃ + a _i4 F ₄ + a _i5 F ₅
The contribution of F _{j to} D _i is
a _ij F _j / D _i
Is calculated as

An example of the calculation result of the dust concentration (D _i ) is shown in FIG. In the figure, the density of hatching indicates the dust concentration, but the result is that the dust concentration increases at the point where the crusher is located (A), along the road (B), and where the slope is large (C, D). It became. In particular, at the point (E) where the road became a three-way crossing, a portion with a concentration exceeding the threshold appeared, and an environmental person was automatically notified by email. 4 and 5, the region where the dust concentration is predicted to be equal to or higher than the management index is predicted by the output result processing unit 6 together with the time predicted to be in that state, and stored in the data storage unit. And presented by the output result visualization unit.

In the post-analysis, when the contribution (a _mj F _j / D _m ) is estimated using the highest concentration part (m-th position) as the evaluation point, it is 50% derived from dust rolling in car transportation and derived from the crusher 10%, dust generated from the slope depending on weather conditions was found to be 30%, and other 10%. Such a result is presented by the output result visualization unit as a contribution list as shown in Table 1, for example.

環境担当者はこの結果から、車輸送における粉塵巻き上げが主要因と判定するとともに、強風による斜面崩落が多くなることから全般的な粉塵対策が必要と判断し、翌日の操業計画において、粉塵発生を低減させる方法として、車輸送のルートの分散化と低速運行、路面への水まきの頻度の割増を指示し、環境保全に留意した操業計画を立てることが出来た。なお、このような対策案は、出力結果処理部６によって、自動的に導き出され、表２に例示したような形式で、出力結果可視化部によって提示されてもよい。

From these results, environmental managers determined that rolling up of dust during car transportation was the main factor, and that the slope collapse due to strong winds increased, so it was determined that general dust countermeasures were necessary. As a way to reduce this, we were able to create an operation plan that pays attention to environmental conservation by instructing the decentralization of vehicle transport routes, low-speed operation, and increasing the frequency of watering the road surface. Such a countermeasure plan may be automatically derived by the output result processing unit 6 and presented by the output result visualization unit in the format illustrated in Table 2.

このような対策案を導き出すときには、［数２］で示した行列演算式における各粉塵発生量Ｆ_ｉを、それぞれの算出式で置き換えたもの（下式）が役立つ。

When deriving such a countermeasure plan, it is useful to replace each dust generation amount F _i in the matrix calculation formula shown in [Equation 2] with its respective calculation formula (the following formula).

ただし、上式におけるａ_ｉｊの行列は省略形式で表してある。

However, the a _ij matrix in the above equation is shown in an abbreviated form.

  In making the above presentation, it is necessary to recalculate the expected dust concentration distribution when the proposed countermeasures are implemented.

It is a figure showing the composition outline of the dust generation simulation system concerning the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure outline of a calculation model. It is a figure which shows the structure of operation support. It is an example of the figure which displays the place where a threshold value is exceeded. It is a figure which shows an example of the calculation result of dust concentration.

Explanation of symbols

  1: Numerical weather prediction parameter input unit, 2: Operation parameter input unit, 3: Dust generation simulation unit, 4: Atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit, 5: Output unit, 6: Output result processing unit, 7: Local wind field Reanalysis department.

Claims (9)

Numerical weather prediction parameter input unit for inputting numerical weather prediction parameters;
An operation parameter input unit for inputting operation parameters related to dust generation;
A dust generation amount simulation unit that predicts a dust generation amount based on the numerical weather prediction parameter and an operation parameter related to the dust generation;
An atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit that predicts a dust concentration distribution based on the dust generation amount predicted by the dust generation amount simulation unit and the numerical weather prediction parameter;
An output unit for outputting the dust concentration distribution predicted by the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit;
The output result processing unit for deriving the region and time when the dust concentration output by the output unit is equal to or higher than the management index is a component ,
The dust generation simulation section
Estimating the amount of dust generated from the slope based on the numerical weather prediction parameter and the slope parameter
Dust generation simulation system characterized by   The dust generation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein a local wind field reanalysis unit that increases a spatial resolution of the numerical weather prediction parameter, a post processing unit that corrects a dust concentration distribution predicted by the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation unit, A dust generation simulation system comprising at least one of a data storage unit that stores a predicted dust concentration distribution and an output result visualization unit that visualizes an output of the output result processing unit. The dust generation simulation system according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a main cause of dust generation is presented based on a degree of contribution to the dust concentration for each dust generation source calculated by the output result processing unit. Dust generation simulation system. In dusting simulation system of claim 1, 2 or 3, dust generation simulation system characterized by presenting said derived by output processing unit, a method of reducing the dust generation. 5. The dust generation simulation system according to claim 4 , wherein an expected dust concentration distribution is recalculated when the method for reducing dust generation is performed. A dust generation simulation program for causing a computer to execute a procedure for operating a dust generation simulation system,
A procedure for entering numerical weather prediction parameters;
Re-analyzing the local wind field based on the numerical weather prediction parameters;
A procedure for incorporating operational parameters related to dust generation into the dust generation model;
The amount of dust generated from the slope is predicted using the reanalysis result of the local wind field, the operation parameters related to the dust generation, the dust generation model, the numerical weather prediction parameter, and the parameters related to the slope. The procedure to simulate the amount of dust generation
A procedure for performing atmospheric advection diffusion simulation to predict the dust concentration distribution from the reanalysis result of the local wind field and the prediction result of the dust generation amount,
A procedure for outputting the results of the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation;
A dust generation simulation program that causes a computer to execute a procedure for presenting a region and a time when the dust concentration is predicted to be equal to or higher than a management index based on a result of the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation. 7. The dust generation simulation program according to claim 6 , wherein the computer executes a procedure for performing post processing for correcting the predicted dust concentration distribution. 8. The dust generation simulation program according to claim 7 , wherein monitoring data from an external monitor is referred to when performing the post processing. 9. The dust generation simulation program according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein a computer executes a procedure for storing a result of the atmospheric advection diffusion simulation.

Images