JP4498582B2 - Reforming catalyst protection device in steam reformer - Google Patents
Reforming catalyst protection device in steam reformer Download PDFInfo
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- JP4498582B2 JP4498582B2 JP2000326493A JP2000326493A JP4498582B2 JP 4498582 B2 JP4498582 B2 JP 4498582B2 JP 2000326493 A JP2000326493 A JP 2000326493A JP 2000326493 A JP2000326493 A JP 2000326493A JP 4498582 B2 JP4498582 B2 JP 4498582B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、炭化水素ガスの水蒸気改質器における改質触媒の保護装置に関し、より具体的には停電や給水ポンプの故障などの緊急時において水蒸気改質器中の改質触媒を保護するための装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
水素の工業的製造方法の一つとして炭化水素ガスの水蒸気改質法がある。水蒸気改質法ではメタンや都市ガス、天然ガス、液化石油ガスその他の炭化水素ガスを水蒸気により改質して水素リッチなガス、すなわち水素を主成分とする改質ガスを生成させる方法である。図1は、炭化水素ガスの水蒸気改質法による水素の製造例を模式的に示す図である。
【0003】
炭化水素ガスすなわち原料ガスは、ガス導入管1から脱硫器、例えば水添脱硫器2へ導入される。ここで原料ガス中に含まれる硫黄分を除去した後、水蒸気発生器3からの水蒸気を添加、混合して改質器4へ導入される。水蒸気改質器4においては、改質触媒を用いる接触反応により、原料ガスが水素を主成分とする改質ガスへ変換される。原料ガスが例えばメタンである場合の改質反応は「CH4+2H2O=CO2+4H2」と表される。改質ガス中にはCOガスが副生、随伴して含まれているため、改質ガスはCO変成器5にかけられる。
【0004】
CO変成器5中での反応(CO+H2O=CO2+H2)には水蒸気改質器4において未反応の余剰水蒸気が利用される。なお、CO変成器5を経て得られる改質ガスの一部は導管7を経て水添脱硫器2に戻される。CO変成器5から出る改質ガス中の水素が目的とするガス成分であるが、改質ガスには余剰水蒸気に加えて炭酸ガスが含まれている。そこで、こうして得られた改質ガスは水蒸気等を除去する精製工程へ送られる。余剰水蒸気はこの精製工程で凝縮されてプロセス凝縮水となる。
【0005】
図2は水蒸気改質器の一例を模式的に示す図である。概略、バーナあるいは燃焼触媒を配置した燃焼部(加熱部)と改質触媒を配置した改質部とにより構成される。改質部では原料ガスが水蒸気と反応して水素リッチな改質ガスが生成される。改質器で起こる反応は大きな吸熱を伴うので、反応の進行のためには外部から熱の供給が必要である。このため燃焼部での燃料ガスの空気による燃焼により発生した燃焼熱(ΔH)が改質部に供給される。改質触媒としてはNi系、Ru系等の触媒が用いられる。なお、水蒸気に代えて水を原料ガスに混合してもよいが、この場合には、改質部へ供給する前に加熱して水蒸気に変えられる。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、改質器では、炭化水素ガス(原料ガス)の熱分解による遊離炭素の生成を回避するために水蒸気を余剰に添加する手法が採られる。例えば触媒としてNi系の触媒を使用する場合にはS/C比(炭化水素に対する水蒸気の比)を3程度とする必要がある。しかし、原料ガスに対する水蒸気の割合が何らかの理由により低下すると、CH4→2H2+C(s)等の反応により改質触媒にカーボン〔C(s)〕が析出し、改質触媒の劣化や圧損の上昇による詰まりなどの原因となる。
【0007】
特開平6ー264072号においては、改質触媒の上流に少量の触媒を断熱容器に入れて配置しておき、そして該少量の触媒の上下流での差圧を測り、差圧上昇によってカーボン析出を検知し、検知した時点で該少量の触媒を交換するというものである。これによれば、カーボン析出が検知された時点で、改質器への原料ガスの供給を停止すれば、改質器内の改質触媒層でのカーボン析出を未然に防止することができる。
【0008】
しかし、この技術は、改質触媒層の圧損などからカーボン析出を検知し、原料ガスの供給を止めるといった通常運転時にのみ適用できるものであり、停電時などの異常時においては適用できない。また、この技術では、断熱容器に配置された触媒は少量とはいえカーボン析出が検知される毎に交換する必要がある。
【0009】
本発明は、従来における以上のような問題点に鑑み、これを解決するためになされたものであり、水蒸気改質器に付設して緊急注水タンクを配置しておくだけで、停電や給水ポンプの故障などの異常時における改質触媒へのカーボン析出を防止するようにしてなる水蒸気改質器における改質触媒の保護装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、炭化水素ガスの水蒸気改質器における改質触媒の保護装置であって、該水蒸気改質器に付設して、その上方位置に給水ポンプに連なる緊急注水タンクを配置してなることを特徴とする水蒸気改質器における改質触媒保護装置を提供する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、炭化水素ガスすなわち原料ガスの水蒸気改質器において、該改質器に付設して、その上方位置に給水ポンプに連なる緊急注水タンクを設けておく。そして、該改質器の通常運転時には給水ポンプから供給される水を該注水タンクを経由して改質器の改質部に供給するようにし、停電時や給水ポンプの故障時などにおけるシャットダウン時に、給水ポンプが停止しても緊急注水タンクに蓄えられた水が、ヘッド圧および均圧管から供給される圧力により一定時間供給され、水蒸気として改質器に供給される。水としては蒸留水などの精製水が用いられる。
【0012】
図3〜4は本発明の態様例を示す図で、図3は通常運転時、図4は停電等の緊急時すなわちシャットダウン時の状態である。水蒸気改質器の前段に原料ガスに対する水混合器を設け、その前段に給水ポンプに連なる緊急時注水タンクを配置する。この場合、緊急注水タンクは、水混合器及び水蒸気改質器に対して位置的に上方に配置しておくことが重要である。水は、緊急注水タンクから水混合器に供給され、ここで原料ガスと混合され、蒸発器を経て水蒸気改質器の改質部に供給される。原料ガスは、それが都市ガスなどのように硫黄化合物を含む場合、水添脱硫器等で硫黄分を除去した後、水混合器に供給される。
【0013】
図3〜4中、8は緊急注水タンクへ水を供給する導管であり、その途中に開閉弁が配置されている。9は通常運転時に緊急注水タンクから水を水混合器へ供給する導管、10は緊急時に緊急注水タンクから水を水混合器へ供給する導管である。11は導管9の一部及び導管10の一部を構成する共用導管である。水は、共用導管11中を、通常運転時には緊急注水タンクの方へ流れ、緊急時には水混合器の方へ流れる。Pは給水ポンプであり、モーターで駆動される。V1は均圧管に配置されたバルブ、V2は緊急時水導管10に配置されたバルブである。
【0014】
図3のとおり、通常運転時すなわち停電等の緊急時でない運転時には、モーターで駆動される給水ポンプPにより水を緊急注水タンクを経由して水混合器に供給する。この時、開閉弁は開で、バルブV1、V2は共に閉である。水は導管8、緊急注水タンク、導管9を経て水混合器に供給される。通常運転時においては、緊急注水タンクには水が充満され、導管8、導管9と同じ役目をする。水は水混合器で原料ガスと混合された後、蒸発器(図示は省略している)を経て、水蒸気改質器の改質部へ供給され、改質ガスへ変えられる。蒸発器では水を蒸発させて水蒸気にするが、原料ガスも付随的に加熱される。
【0015】
停電や給水ポンプの故障等の緊急時、例えば停電で電力の供給が止まるとモーター駆動のポンプPが止まり、水の供給が止まる。その結果、改質器改質部への水蒸気の供給が止まり、改質部に充填された改質触媒層においてカーボンが析出する。そこで、本発明においては、緊急注水タンクを配置しておき、このタンクに水を常時貯留しておく。これにより、停電等の緊急時においても改質器改質部へ水蒸気を供給することができる。図4はこの状態を示す図である。
【0016】
停電等の緊急時においては、その時点で直ちに開閉弁を閉に切り換え、同時にバルブV1、V2を共に開に切り換える。これにより、緊急注水タンク中の水は共用導管11、導管10を経て水混合器へ供給される。この時、緊急注水タンクは水混合器及び水蒸気改質器の上方位置に設けてあり、均圧管は緊急注水タンク及び水混合器間で連通しているので、緊急注水タンク中の水はヘッド圧及び均圧管から供給される圧力により水混合器から、蒸発器を経て一定時間水蒸気改質器へ供給される。
【0017】
これにより、改質部の改質触媒が一定時間水蒸気(スチーム)によりパージされ、改質触媒でのスチーム不足によるカーボン析出を防止し、改質触媒の劣化やカーボンの詰まりによる圧損を防止することができる。なお、停電等のシャットダウン時には、原料ガスの供給を停止し、不活性ガスでパージされるように設計されているが、緊急注水タンクの容量は、原料ガスの供給を停止しても改質部に来てしまう原料ガスがパージされるまでの間、水を切らさないだけの容量とされる。
【0018】
緊急注水タンクの形状は、球形その他適宜の形状でよいが、円筒状または角柱状(横断面四角等)で、これを横方向に配置して用いるのが好ましい。図5〜6はこの態様例を示す図で、図5は通常運転時、図6はシャットダウン時の状態である。この場合、タンクは共用導管11側を低くし、水平に対して傾けて配置することにより、そのタンク内に空気が滞留するのを防止することができる。その傾きは、水平に対して約10度、すなわち10度ないしその前後であるのが好ましい。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明が実施例に限定されないことはもちろんである。
【0020】
使用装置として図5(図6も同じ)に示すような装置を用いた。緊急注水タンクは、ステンレス鋼(SUS鋼)製の円筒状で、これを横置し、水平に対して約10度の傾けて配置した。タンク容量は約4Lである。まず、図5に示すように通常運転を行い、その途中で給水ポンプ駆動用のモーターの電源を切り、図6に示すように緊急時の状態に切り換えた。これにより、保安電力なしで、水混合器、蒸発器を経て改質部に流量2L/minで2分間水蒸気(スチーム)が供給され、カーボン析出がないことが確認された。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、炭化水素ガスの水蒸気改質器に付設して緊急注水タンクを配置しておくだけで、停電や給水ポンプの故障などの異常時における水蒸気改質器の改質触媒層へのカーボン析出を防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】炭化水素ガスの水蒸気改質法による水素の製造例を模式的に示す図。
【図2】水蒸気改質器の一例を模式的に示す図。
【図3】本発明の態様例を示す図。
【図4】本発明の態様例を示す図。
【図5】本発明の他の態様例を示す図。
【図6】本発明の他の態様例を示す図。
【符号の説明】
1 炭化水素ガス導入管
2 水添脱硫器
3 水蒸気発生器
4 改質器
5 CO変換器
6 改質ガス導出管
7 水添脱硫器用リサイクル導管
8、9、10 導管
11 共用導管
P 給水ポンプ
V1、V2 バルブ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reforming catalyst protective device in a hydrocarbon gas steam reformer, and more specifically, to protect the reforming catalyst in a steam reformer in an emergency such as a power failure or failure of a feed water pump. Relating to the device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
One of the industrial methods for producing hydrogen is a hydrocarbon gas steam reforming method. In the steam reforming method, methane, city gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and other hydrocarbon gases are reformed with steam to generate a hydrogen-rich gas, that is, a reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of hydrogen production by a steam reforming method of hydrocarbon gas.
[0003]
A hydrocarbon gas, that is, a raw material gas is introduced from a gas introduction pipe 1 into a desulfurizer, for example, a hydrodesulfurizer 2. Here, after the sulfur content contained in the raw material gas is removed, the steam from the steam generator 3 is added, mixed, and introduced into the reformer 4. In the steam reformer 4, the raw material gas is converted into a reformed gas containing hydrogen as a main component by a catalytic reaction using a reforming catalyst. Reforming reaction when the raw material gas is, for example, methane is expressed as "CH 4 + 2H 2 O = CO 2 + 4H 2 ". Since the reformed gas contains CO gas as a by-product, accompanying the reformed gas, the reformed gas is applied to the CO converter 5.
[0004]
For the reaction (CO + H 2 O = CO 2 + H 2 ) in the CO converter 5, unreacted surplus steam is used in the steam reformer 4. A part of the reformed gas obtained through the CO converter 5 is returned to the hydrodesulfurizer 2 through a
[0005]
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a steam reformer. Generally, it is composed of a combustion part (heating part) in which a burner or a combustion catalyst is arranged and a reforming part in which a reforming catalyst is arranged. In the reforming section, the raw material gas reacts with water vapor to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. Since the reaction occurring in the reformer is accompanied by a large endotherm, it is necessary to supply heat from the outside for the progress of the reaction. For this reason, combustion heat (ΔH) generated by combustion of fuel gas with air in the combustion section is supplied to the reforming section. As the reforming catalyst, a Ni-based or Ru-based catalyst is used. Note that water may be mixed with the raw material gas in place of the water vapor, but in this case, the water is heated and changed to water vapor before being supplied to the reforming section.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in a reformer, in order to avoid the production | generation of free carbon by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gas (raw material gas), the method of adding water vapor | steam excessively is taken. For example, when a Ni-based catalyst is used as the catalyst, the S / C ratio (ratio of water vapor to hydrocarbon) needs to be about 3. However, if the ratio of water vapor to the raw material gas is lowered for some reason, carbon [C (s)] is deposited on the reforming catalyst due to a reaction such as CH 4 → 2H 2 + C (s), and the reforming catalyst is deteriorated or has a pressure loss. It may cause clogging due to the rise in the temperature.
[0007]
In JP-A-6-264072, a small amount of catalyst is placed upstream of the reforming catalyst in a heat insulating container, and the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the small amount of catalyst is measured. Is detected, and the small amount of catalyst is replaced when detected. According to this, if the supply of the raw material gas to the reformer is stopped when the carbon deposition is detected, the carbon deposition in the reforming catalyst layer in the reformer can be prevented in advance.
[0008]
However, this technique can be applied only during normal operation such as detecting carbon deposition from pressure loss of the reforming catalyst layer and stopping the supply of the raw material gas, and cannot be applied during an abnormal time such as a power failure. In this technique, it is necessary to replace the catalyst disposed in the heat insulating container every time carbon deposition is detected although the amount is small.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems in the prior art, and it is only necessary to install an emergency water injection tank attached to a steam reformer and to stop a power outage or a water supply pump. An object of the present invention is to provide a protective device for a reforming catalyst in a steam reformer configured to prevent carbon deposition on the reforming catalyst when an abnormality such as a failure occurs.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a reforming catalyst protection device for a hydrocarbon gas steam reformer, and is provided with an emergency water injection tank connected to the steam reformer and connected to a feed water pump at an upper position thereof. An apparatus for protecting a reforming catalyst in a steam reformer is provided.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, in a steam reformer of hydrocarbon gas, that is, a raw material gas, an emergency water injection tank connected to the reformer and connected to the feed water pump is provided at the upper position. During normal operation of the reformer, the water supplied from the water supply pump is supplied to the reforming unit of the reformer via the water injection tank, and at the time of shutdown at the time of power failure or failure of the water supply pump. Even if the water supply pump is stopped, the water stored in the emergency water injection tank is supplied for a certain time by the pressure supplied from the head pressure and the pressure equalizing pipe, and is supplied to the reformer as steam. As the water, purified water such as distilled water is used.
[0012]
3 to 4 are diagrams showing examples of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a normal operation, and FIG. 4 shows a state of emergency such as a power failure, that is, a shutdown. A water mixer for the raw material gas is provided in the previous stage of the steam reformer, and an emergency water injection tank connected to the feed water pump is arranged in the previous stage. In this case, it is important that the emergency water injection tank is positioned above the water mixer and the steam reformer. Water is supplied from the emergency water injection tank to the water mixer, where it is mixed with the raw material gas, and supplied to the reforming section of the steam reformer through the evaporator. When the raw material gas contains a sulfur compound such as city gas, the raw material gas is supplied to the water mixer after the sulfur content is removed by a hydrodesulfurizer or the like.
[0013]
3 to 4, 8 is a conduit for supplying water to the emergency water injection tank, and an on-off valve is arranged in the middle thereof. 9 is a conduit for supplying water from the emergency water injection tank to the water mixer during normal operation, and 10 is a conduit for supplying water from the emergency water injection tank to the water mixer during an emergency.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 3, during normal operation, that is, during non-emergency operation such as a power failure, water is supplied to the water mixer via the emergency water injection tank by a water supply pump P driven by a motor. At this time, the on-off valve is open and the valves V1 and V2 are both closed. Water is supplied to the water mixer via the conduit 8, the emergency water injection tank, and the conduit 9. During normal operation, the emergency water injection tank is filled with water and plays the same role as the conduit 8 and the conduit 9. After the water is mixed with the raw material gas in the water mixer, the water is supplied to the reforming section of the steam reformer through the evaporator (not shown) and converted into the reformed gas. In the evaporator, water is evaporated into water vapor, but the raw material gas is also heated incidentally.
[0015]
In an emergency such as a power failure or a failure of the water supply pump, for example, when power supply stops due to a power failure, the motor-driven pump P stops and water supply stops. As a result, the supply of water vapor to the reformer reforming unit stops and carbon is deposited in the reforming catalyst layer filled in the reforming unit. Therefore, in the present invention, an emergency water injection tank is arranged, and water is always stored in this tank. Thereby, water vapor | steam can be supplied to a reformer reforming part also at the time of emergency, such as a power failure. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing this state.
[0016]
In the event of an emergency such as a power failure, the open / close valve is immediately closed at that time, and at the same time, the valves V1 and V2 are both opened. Thereby, the water in the emergency water injection tank is supplied to the water mixer through the
[0017]
As a result, the reforming catalyst in the reforming section is purged with steam for a certain period of time, preventing carbon deposition due to insufficient steam in the reforming catalyst, and preventing pressure loss due to deterioration of the reforming catalyst or carbon clogging. Can do. It is designed so that the supply of the raw material gas is stopped and purged with an inert gas at the time of shutdown such as a power failure. The emergency water injection tank has a capacity of the reforming section even if the supply of the raw material gas is stopped. The capacity is set so that the water is not drained until the source gas that has come to is purged.
[0018]
The shape of the emergency water injection tank may be a spherical shape or other appropriate shape, but it is preferably a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape (such as a square in a cross section) and is used by arranging it in the horizontal direction. 5 to 6 are diagrams showing this embodiment example, FIG. 5 is a state during normal operation, and FIG. 6 is a state at the time of shutdown. In this case, the tank can be prevented from staying in the tank by lowering the
[0019]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in more detail based on an Example, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to an Example.
[0020]
An apparatus as shown in FIG. 5 (the same applies to FIG. 6) was used. The emergency water injection tank has a cylindrical shape made of stainless steel (SUS steel), and is placed sideways and tilted by about 10 degrees with respect to the horizontal. The tank capacity is about 4L. First, normal operation was performed as shown in FIG. 5, and the motor for driving the water supply pump was turned off during the operation, and the state was switched to an emergency state as shown in FIG. Thus, it was confirmed that water vapor (steam) was supplied for 2 minutes at a flow rate of 2 L / min to the reforming section through a water mixer and an evaporator without the need for safety power, and there was no carbon deposition.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a reforming catalyst layer of a steam reformer in the event of an abnormality such as a power failure or a failure of a feed water pump by simply installing an emergency water injection tank attached to a steam reformer of hydrocarbon gas. Carbon deposition can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of hydrogen production by a steam reforming method of hydrocarbon gas.
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a steam reformer.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydrocarbon gas inlet pipe 2 Hydrodesulfurizer 3 Steam generator 4 Reformer 5 CO converter 6 Reformed
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JP2000326493A JP4498582B2 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | Reforming catalyst protection device in steam reformer |
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JP2000326493A JP4498582B2 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | Reforming catalyst protection device in steam reformer |
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JP2002137904A JP2002137904A (en) | 2002-05-14 |
JP4498582B2 true JP4498582B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
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JP2000326493A Expired - Lifetime JP4498582B2 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | Reforming catalyst protection device in steam reformer |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0293631U (en) * | 1989-01-07 | 1990-07-25 | ||
JPH04121972A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-04-22 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method of water supply for fuel cell power generation system and water supply apparatus |
JPH09309701A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Apparatus for producing hydrogen and its operation |
JPH10160645A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Excessive speed prevention device of turbine-testing machine |
-
2000
- 2000-10-26 JP JP2000326493A patent/JP4498582B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0293631U (en) * | 1989-01-07 | 1990-07-25 | ||
JPH04121972A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-04-22 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method of water supply for fuel cell power generation system and water supply apparatus |
JPH09309701A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Apparatus for producing hydrogen and its operation |
JPH10160645A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Excessive speed prevention device of turbine-testing machine |
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