JP4495003B2 - Railway vehicle power storage device warm-up method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for warming up a power storage device for a railway vehicle equipped with a power storage device such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor and a power generation device such as a diesel engine generator.

  In an electric vehicle equipped with a battery such as a secondary battery in addition to the engine generator, this battery is effectively utilized, and the output power of either the generator or the battery is changed to a three-phase variable voltage variable frequency with an inverter. It converts into alternating current and feeds power to the main three-phase alternating current motor for driving the vehicle. At this time, by charging or discharging the surplus or deficiency of the vehicle drive energy to the battery, energy loss can be suppressed and high-efficiency operation can be performed.

  By the way, when the temperature of the battery decreases during cold weather, the chemical reaction in the battery becomes dull and the efficiency decreases. In order to prevent this, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for warming up a battery with a heater.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that the output voltage of the engine generator at the time of starting is made higher than the battery voltage and the battery is charged, so that the battery is warmed up by heat generated by the charging resistance of the battery. .

  Further, Patent Document 3 includes a plurality of battery modules, and some of the batteries are charged with a generator and discharged from the remaining batteries to an external load, and then the remaining batteries discharged from the charged some batteries. A technique for warming up the battery by charging the battery is proposed.

JP-A-5-256208 (Overall) JP-A-7-79503 (Overall) JP 2003-32901 A (Overall)

  However, in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that the efficiency is low because it depends on the heat source provided for warming up, and time is required for warming up.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, if a battery is charged near full, sufficient warm-up is impossible.

  Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, if an external load is required and the remaining charge of the battery is large, it may take a long time to complete sufficient warm-up.

  An object of the present invention is to efficiently store power in a railway vehicle equipped with a power generator such as an engine generator and the like, a power storage device such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor, a power converter and a main motor. An object of the present invention is to provide a railway vehicle power storage device warm-up method and device that can realize warm-up of the device.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for warming up a power storage device for a railway vehicle that can realize quick warm-up of the power storage device.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power generation device that generates power using fuel, a power storage device such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor, and power that supplies power from the power generation device and / or the power storage device to a main motor In a railway vehicle including a converter and controlling energy output sharing between the power generation device and the power storage device in consideration of the remaining energy of the power storage device, the time until the operation end time of the day becomes a predetermined value or less. In response to this detection, the target value for the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device is reduced.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, it is detected that the scheduled driving distance on the day is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and in response to this detection, the target value for the remaining energy of the power storage device is reduced.

  For example, it is detected that the time until the driving end time of the day or the scheduled driving distance of the day is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the output from the power storage device during power running is allowed to a lower remaining power level of the power storage device Switch to.

  Thereby, at the time of starting the next day, the remaining amount of the power storage device is low, and the power storage device can be sufficiently warmed up by charging from the power generation device.

  In addition to the combination of a diesel engine and a generator, a combination of a micro gas turbine and a generator, a fuel cell that generates power using fuel, or the like can be considered as the power generation device. Hereinafter, a case where a combination of a power generation device (diesel engine) and a generator is used as the power generation device and a secondary battery is used as the power storage device will be described.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery warming method or apparatus for a railway vehicle that can efficiently warm the battery.

  Moreover, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery warming method or apparatus for a railway vehicle that can realize rapid warming of the battery.

  Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an entire control device including a battery warming-up device for a railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, a power system indicated by a bold line will be described. The railway vehicle 1 is driven by the main motor 2 and travels. The main motor 2 is generally a three-phase AC motor (induction motor or synchronous motor). In order to supply power to the three-phase AC motor 2, an inverter 3 is mounted, and DC power is supplied from the generator 4 and the converter 5 or the battery 6 and the chopper 7 to the inverter 3. The generator 4 is combined with a power generation device 8 (hereinafter, abbreviated as an engine) such as a diesel engine to form a power generation device, and outputs three-phase AC power. The three-phase AC power is converted into DC power by the converter 5 and supplied to the inverter 3. On the other hand, the battery 6 is composed of a chargeable / dischargeable battery such as a nickel cadmium battery, a lithium ion battery, or a lead battery. The chopper 7 is a step-up / step-down chopper having a bidirectional control function of discharging from the battery 6 to the DC side of the inverter 3 or charging from the DC side of the inverter 3 to the battery 6.

  Next, a control system indicated by a thin line will be described. A known train control device 9 receives a driver's command from the mascon 10 and controls this train. Further, data is input from the database 11 and others described later, and commands are issued to the engine 8, energy control device 12 and air brake 13. Although details of the energy control device 12 will be described later, the train control device 9, the database 11, the remaining amount of the battery 6, and other data are input, and a control command is sent to the train control device 9 and the charge / discharge control device 14. give.

  FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram centering on the energy control device 12 in the control device including the battery warming-up device for the railway vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention. The energy control device 12 includes a battery remaining energy adjustment unit 121 and a control mode determination unit 122. First, the battery remaining energy adjustment unit 121 determines a target value of the remaining energy of the battery 6, but is normally set to a balanced charge state suitable for the battery 6. And based on the information from the database 11, when the driving | running | working end time of the day approaches, the remaining charge amount target value of a battery will be reduced. The control mode determination unit 122 determines an engine output command and a brake control command from the target remaining charge amount of the battery, the actual remaining amount information of the battery 6, and the notch information from the train control device 9, and the train control device Output to 9. The train control device 9 controls the engine 8, the air brake 13, and the charge / discharge control device 14 based on these commands.

  FIG. 3 is a processing flow in the battery residual energy adjusting unit 121 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In step 301, the vehicle operation diagram 302 is read, or the operation end time of the day is input based on the operation diagram. In step 303, it is determined whether or not the time until the read operation end time has become a predetermined value or less. When the operation end time approaches, the routine proceeds to step 304 where the target value of the remaining energy of the battery is lowered in a predetermined manner.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the energy sharing control between the engine and the battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows energy-saving operation based on the state of charge amount of the battery 6, and shows two types of control modes at the time of powering and braking on the horizontal axis with respect to the charge amount (remaining amount) on the vertical axis. Yes. Depending on the type of the battery 6 to be used, an optimum charge / discharge range for extending its life is determined. In this embodiment, the most energy-efficient charge amount area is defined as a state transition amount 1 to a state transition amount 2, and from the viewpoint of extending the life, a battery that is desirably charged and discharged in a range of 50 to 30% is taken as an example. It is taken in. The upper limit is set to 1: 60%, the upper limit is 2: 50%, the state transition amount is 1: 40%, the state transition amount is 2: 30%, and the lower limit is 20%.

  There are two types of control modes: normal operation and close to the operation end time. First, power running will be described.

  At the time of normal power running, if the charge amount of the battery 6 is the upper limit 2 (for example, 50%) or more, the battery 6 is set to the maximum (planned) discharge output, and the shortage is supplemented by the engine. If the charged amount of the battery 6 is in an ideal region from the upper limit 2 (for example, 50%) to the state transition amount 2 (for example, 30%), the engine 8 is operated at a rotational speed that exhibits its best fuel efficiency, The battery 6 is charged and discharged with the shortage. If the amount of charge of the battery 6 is less than or equal to the state transition amount 2 (for example, 30%), the engine 8 increases its output and charges the battery 6 with the surplus.

  Next, during normal braking, if the charge amount of the battery 6 is not more than the upper limit 2 (about 50%), the regenerative brake is used unconditionally. In addition, when the vehicle is a brake for stopping, the regeneration is allowed to the upper limit 1 (about 60%) of the charge amount of the battery 6 by the stop regenerative brake control. For charge amounts greater than these, an air brake or an exhaust brake is used.

  Thereby, by cooperation of an engine and a battery, the regenerative electric power can be effectively utilized to achieve an energy saving operation, and the battery 6 can avoid excessive charging / discharging and extend its life.

  By the way, when the train is close to the operation end time, for example, within 30 minutes, the residual energy target value of the battery 6 is lowered, and control is performed so as to allow one rank extra discharge.

  First, at the time of power running, the battery 6 is supplemented by the engine with the maximum (planned) discharge output until the amount of charge of the battery 6 exceeds the state transition amount 1 (for example, 40%). Further, the engine 8 is operated at a rotational speed that provides the best fuel consumption from the state transition amount 1 (for example, 40%) to the lower limit (for example, 20%) in the range where the charged amount of the battery 6 is between the lower limit (for example, 20%). The battery 6 is charged and discharged. Only when the amount of charge of the battery 6 reaches a lower limit (for example, 20%) or less, the engine 8 increases its output and charges the battery 6 with a surplus.

  Finally, at the time of braking near the driving end time, the regenerative brake is unconditionally used only when the charge amount of the battery 6 is equal to or less than the state transition amount 1 (for example, 40%). In the case where the vehicle is a brake for stopping, regeneration is permitted up to a charge amount upper limit 2 (about 50%) of the battery 6 by stop regenerative brake control. When the charging amount exceeds these values, the regenerative brake is prohibited and the air brake or the exhaust brake is used.

  Thus, the energy of the battery at the end of the operation is released, and the charging capacity is expanded on the next day so that the battery can be charged enough to warm up the battery. As a result, near the end of the day's operation, the energy supply from the battery to the main motor 2 is increased, and the consumption of the engine fuel is reduced accordingly, and the operation of the day is ended. This saved energy can be used in battery warm-up operation at the start of the next day, and can exhibit an energy saving effect.

  This embodiment is summarized as follows. First, a power generation device 4 that generates power using fuel such as an engine generator and / or a power converter 3 that supplies power from a battery 6 such as a secondary battery to the main motor 2, and considers the remaining energy of the battery 6 Thus, the railway vehicle 1 that controls the energy output sharing between the power generation device 4 and the battery 6 is targeted. Then, it is detected that the time until the operation end time of the day is equal to or less than a predetermined value (step 303), and in response to this detection, the target value for the remaining energy of the battery 6 is decreased (FIG. 4). . More specifically, the target value for the remaining amount of energy of the battery 6 is switched so as to allow the output from the battery 6 during powering to a lower remaining energy level of the battery 6.

  Now, the control at the start of the next day will be described with reference to the processing flow of FIG.

  FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of battery warm-up operation at startup in the energy control device 12 according to one embodiment of the present invention. First, at step 501, the engine 8 is started. Next, in step 502, it is determined whether or not the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the necessity of warming-up operation of the battery 6 is determined, and this process ends in a warm morning. If warming is required, it is confirmed in step 503 that the remaining energy of the battery 6 is less than a predetermined value and that warm-up operation by charging is possible. If the remaining amount of energy of the battery 6 is greater than a predetermined value and the warm-up operation by charging is impossible, the process jumps to step 508 and only another battery warm-up operation is executed. For example, the battery 6 is discharged to a load such as a heater, and warming up by this discharge action is considered. Moreover, warm-up by the heat of the heater which is load can also be used together. However, as described above, in the present embodiment, since the battery energy release control is executed near the end of the day's operation, charging is possible in most cases. Therefore, it progresses to step 504 and the warming-up operation of the battery 6 by the charge from the generator 4 is performed.

  In step 505, based on the battery information 506, it is confirmed whether or not the temperature of the battery 6 has increased to a predetermined value. If the temperature of the battery 6 rises to a predetermined value, this warm-up operation process is terminated. If not yet warmed, it is checked in step 507 whether the remaining energy of the battery 6 has reached the upper limit. If the remaining energy of the battery 6 reaches the upper limit value, the process proceeds to step 508, where the warming-up operation by charging is stopped and another battery warming-up operation is performed.

  As long as the remaining energy of the battery 6 does not reach the upper limit value and the temperature of the battery 6 does not rise to a predetermined value, the processes in steps 505 and 506 are repeated, and the warm-up operation of the battery 6 by charging is continued. Then, the remaining energy of the battery 6 reaches the upper limit value, and the process proceeds to step 508 to stop the warm-up operation by charging and shift to another battery warm-up operation, or the temperature of the battery 6 rises to a predetermined value. Then, the target is achieved and the warm-up operation process is terminated.

  To summarize this embodiment, first, a railway including a power generation device 4 that generates power using fuel such as an engine generator and / or a power converter 3 that supplies power from a battery 6 such as a secondary battery to the main motor 2. The vehicle 1 is targeted. Here, when the power generation device 4 is started, the battery 6 is charged from the generator 4 up to the upper limit value in response to the remaining energy of the battery 6 being equal to or less than a predetermined value. Thereby, the warm-up of the battery 6 can be realized efficiently and promptly.

  FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of a battery residual energy adjusting unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from FIG. 3 in that the remaining driving distance for the day is calculated in step 601 and whether or not the remaining driving distance for the day is equal to or less than a predetermined value in step 602. Others are the same as in FIG. The starting point of the discharge control for suppressing the energy charge amount of the battery 6 to a predetermined value or less is determined by the travel distance instead of the time.

  In this embodiment as well, in the railway vehicle 1 including the power generator 4 that generates power using fuel such as an engine generator and / or the power converter 3 that supplies power from the battery 6 such as a secondary battery to the main motor 2. The battery 6 can be warmed up efficiently and quickly.

The whole schematic block diagram of the control apparatus containing the battery warming-up apparatus of the rail vehicle by one Embodiment of this invention. The functional block diagram centering on the energy control apparatus of the control apparatus containing the battery warming-up apparatus of the railway vehicle by one Embodiment of this invention. The processing flow of the residual energy adjustment part of the battery by one Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing of energy sharing control of the engine and battery by one Embodiment of this invention. The processing flow of the battery warming-up operation at the time of starting by one Embodiment of this invention. The processing flow of the residual energy adjustment part of the battery by other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Railway vehicle, 2 ... Main motor, 3 ... Inverter (power converter device), 4 ... Power generator (generator), 5 ... Converter, 6 ... Battery (secondary battery), 7 ... Buck-boost chopper, 8 ... Power Generating device (diesel engine), 9 ... Train control device, 10 ... Masscon, 11 ... Database, 12 ... Energy control device, 121 ... Battery remaining energy adjustment unit, 122 ... Control mode determination unit, 13 ... Air brake, 14 ... Charging Discharge control device.

Claims (8)

A power generation device that generates power using fuel; a power storage device such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor; and a power converter that supplies power from the power generation device and / or the power storage device to a main motor, the power storage device A power storage device warm-up method for a railway vehicle that controls the energy output sharing between the power generation device and the power storage device in consideration of the remaining amount of energy, and the time until the operation end time of the day has become a predetermined value or less A step of detecting this, a step of lowering a target value for the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device in response to the detection, and a remaining amount of energy of the power storage device is equal to or less than a predetermined value when starting the power generation device Accordingly, a method for warming up a power storage device for a railway vehicle, comprising the step of charging the power storage device from the power generation device up to the upper limit value . A power generation device that generates power using fuel; a power storage device such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor; and a power converter that supplies power from the power generation device and / or the power storage device to a main motor, the power storage device A power storage device warm-up method for a railway vehicle that controls the energy output sharing between the power generation device and the power storage device in consideration of the remaining amount of energy, and detects that the scheduled driving distance on the day is less than a predetermined value A step of reducing a target value for the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device in response to the detection, and a response that the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device is equal to or less than a predetermined value when the power generation device is started. And charging the power storage device from the power generation device with the upper limit as a limit . A method for warming up the power storage device for a railway vehicle.   3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of reducing the target value for the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device includes a step of switching to allow the output from the power storage device during powering to a lower remaining amount level. A power storage device warm-up method for a railway vehicle. A power generation device such as a diesel engine, a generator driven by the power generation device, a power storage device such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor, and the power from the power generator and / or the power storage device In a railway vehicle control device that controls the energy output sharing between the power generation device and the power storage device in consideration of the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device. Means for detecting that the time or planned travel distance is less than a predetermined value, switching means for reducing the allowable level of the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device based on the detection output, and at the time of starting the generator, energy remaining amount of the power storage device, in response to equal to or less than a predetermined value, comprising means for charging the power storage device from the generator to the upper limit value as a limit Power storage device warming-up apparatus for a railway vehicle, characterized and. A power generation device such as a diesel engine, a generator driven by the power generation device, a power storage device such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor, and the power from the power generator and / or the power storage device A power converter that supplies energy to the power storage device and controls energy output sharing between the power generation device and the power storage device in consideration of a remaining amount of energy of the power storage device. Means for setting a reference level of 3 or more for the remaining energy of the battery, means for determining which level of the remaining energy level of the power storage device is the reference level of 3 or more, and according to the determined level A means for determining the energy output sharing, a means for detecting that the time until the end of the operation on the day or the estimated travel distance is less than a predetermined value, And switching means for on the basis of the detection output to lower the reference level of energy remaining amount of the electric storage device, during startup of the generator, the energy residual amount of the power storage device, in response to being less than a predetermined value, the upper limit A power storage device warm-up device for a railway vehicle, comprising means for charging the power storage device from the generator with a value as a limit . A diesel engine; a generator driven by the engine; a power storage device such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor; and an inverter that supplies power from the power generator and / or the power storage device to a main motor. A control device for a railway vehicle that controls the output sharing between the engine and the power storage device in consideration of the remaining amount of the power storage device, and means for setting a reference level of 3 or more for the remaining amount of the power storage device during power running; , Means for determining which level of the three or more reference levels the remaining amount of the power storage device is, and according to the determined first level, the engine outputs only the planned output and shortage from the power storage device. According to the second level, the engine output and excess / deficiency are charged / discharged to / from the power storage device at a predetermined speed, and the engine output is increased according to the third level. Output sharing control means for electrifying, means for detecting that the time until the end of the operation on the day or the estimated travel distance is less than a predetermined value, and, in response to this detection, the above three or more with respect to the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device Means for lowering the reference level of the battery, and charging the power storage device from the generator up to an upper limit when the remaining amount of energy of the power storage device is less than or equal to a predetermined value when the generator is started A power storage device warm-up device for a railway vehicle, characterized by comprising means for In claim 6, the power storage device warming-up device of the railway vehicle residual quantity of the power storage device of the second level is characterized in that set within 5 0-30%. 8. The converter connected between the inverter and the generator, the step-up / step-down chopper connected between a connection point between the inverter and the converter, and the power storage device, and the output sharing control according to claim 6 or 7 . A power storage device warm-up device for a railway vehicle, comprising a charge / discharge control device that controls the step-up / step-down chopper according to the output of the means.

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