JP4494976B2 - 心臓治療薬剤を供給するための埋込可能なデバイス - Google Patents
心臓治療薬剤を供給するための埋込可能なデバイス Download PDFInfo
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Description
この出願は、2001年9月25日に出願された米国特許出願第09/962,852号に関連し、この詳細は、参照によりこの明細書に組み込まれている。
ペースメーカー及びICDのような心臓のリズム管理デバイスは、典型的には、患者の胸の中に経皮的に埋め込まれ、検知のため、ペーシングのため、細動除去衝撃を送るために使用される電極にデバイスを接続するために、静脈内を通して心臓に導くリード線を有する。プログラム可能電子コントローラは、経過時間間隔及び検出された電気的な活性(ペーシング・パルスの結果としてではない固有の心臓の拍動)又は不整脈が検出されたとき、送られる細動除去衝撃に応答してペーシング・パルスを出力させる。本発明は、虚血を検出するために心臓の活動を検知するための心臓のリードを備えた同様に埋め込まれたペースメーカー又はICD又は専用デバイスに組み込まれることができる。しかしながら、説明する目的で、二重室ペーシング(すなわち、心房及び心室)及び電気除細動/細動除去能力を有する埋込可能なデバイスのブロック図が図1Aに示されている。デバイスのコントローラは、メモリ12と通信するマイクロプロセッサ10を備えている。ここでメモリ12は、プログラムの記憶のためにROM(リードオンリー・メモリ)とデータの記憶のためにRAM(ランダムアクセス・メモリ)を含む。コントローラは、ステート・マシン・タイプの設計を使用して他のタイプの論理回路(例えば、分離した部品又はプログラム可能論理アレイ)によって実行させることができるが、マイクロプロセッサをベースにしたシステムが好ましい。この明細書で使用する用語「回路」又は「プログラム可能コントローラ」は、カスタム回路(すなわち、専用ハードウェア)又は回路素子に関連するメモリ内に含まれるプロセッサ実行可能な命令を含むものと解釈すべきである。
患者が心臓に虚血を生じているかどうかを検出するために、コントローラは、ぺースへの誘発応答又は固有の収縮の記録された電位図を分析し、「負傷電流」の組織学的な及び一時的なマーカーを見るようにプログラムされる。心筋の領域への血液の供給が危険にさらされると、心筋の細胞の代謝プロセスにそれらの正常な分極された状態を維持させるための酸素や他の栄養素の供給が不適切になる。したがって、心臓の虚血領域は、心臓のサイクルの少なくとも一部の間に異常に脱分極され、負傷電流と称される心臓の虚血領域と正常な分極領域との間の流れへの電流を生じる。負傷電流は、連続的に脱分極化される梗塞領域によって、又は心臓サイクルの全体又は一部の間に異常に脱分極化されたままになる虚血領域によって生じる。負傷電流は、表面の心電図又は心臓内電位図のいずれかによって測定された形態の異常な変化や電位のタイミングを生じる。正常な心臓において、収縮位相のはじめにおいて、心室内の細胞が基本的に等電位であるとき心臓サイクルの間に所定の期間がある。電子振動記録図的には、このセグメントは、QRSコンプレックスの最後とTウエーブとの間で起こり、STセグメントと称される。再分極の時空的な分散は、心臓の弛緩位相を開始し、心電図のTウエーブを生じる。虚血組織において、個々の細胞電位は、鈍感であり、これは、正常な心臓が等電位であるとき、その期間に膜電位の時空的な分散を生じる。この結果、虚血又は梗塞領域の場所によって、正又は負のシフトとして心電図に反映された負傷電流を生じる。しかしながらこれは、従来は、電位図又は心電図によって異常な負傷電流が検出されたときシフトとしてみなされたSTセグメントである。全心臓サイクルの間の最後ではない虚血領域によって生じる負傷電流は、STセグメントの部分のみをシフトし、セグメントの異常なスロープを生じる。
前述したように、心臓用薬剤の供給は、患者にあるリスクを提供する。したがって、保証されない薬剤の供給を生じる誤った正の検出の可能性を最小限にするために治療をできるかぎり特定するように開始する、虚血イベントを検出する際に使用される基準が望ましい。上述したように、本発明は、虚血検出基準を望ましい特異性及び感度に調整できるように、電位図から検出される虚血の程度を定量化することができる。薬剤の供給のために発生の検出の特異性を増大する他の方法は、他の測定可能な物理的な変数に基づいた追加的な基準を使用することであり、この変数は、心臓速度の変化率、分の呼吸、活動レベルのようなイベントの間、心臓の虚血又は薬剤供給の必要性に関連する。虚血の変化が電位図で検出された場合、及び1つ又は複数の追加の基準が合致する場合、薬剤の供給を開始することができる。
コントローラ10が、心臓用薬剤の投与を必要とする虚血の変化を電位図で検出したときに、薬剤インタフェイス330に命令が送られる。次に、薬剤供給インタフェイスは、デバイス内に組み込まれた薬剤供給装置を起動する、それらの例は、図3及び図4A−Bに示されている。図3において、金属ハウジング100及びヘッダ部分110を含む心臓リズム管理デバイスが示されている。検知及び/又はペーシングのために使用されるリード線120がヘッダ110に入り、ハウジングの溶接密封を維持するフィードスルー組立体を介してハウジングの内側に通過する。ヘッダ110内に配置されたポンプ340と薬剤リザーバ350がカテーテル360へ連通する。ハウジング内の薬剤供給インタフェイス330は、フィードスルーを通ってヘッダに通過する制御ワイヤによってポンプ340に連通する。薬剤供給インタフェイス330によって作動する際に、ポンプ340は、リザーバ350からカテーテル360の内腔に所定量の薬剤を送る。ポンプ及び薬剤リザーバをヘッダ内に配置することによって、リザーバを満たすために所定量の薬剤を噴射することのできる外部ポート370が設けられている。
Claims (18)
- 心臓の動作を検知するための検知チャンネルと、
ペーシング・パルスを送るためのペーシング・チャンネルと、
誘起応答の検知チャンネルからぺースへの電位図を記録し、前記記録された電位図と基準電位図を比較することによって心臓の虚血を示す前記記録された電位図内の変化を検出するための回路と、
検知チャンネルによって検出された心臓の拍動の間の間隔のスペクトルを分析しLF/HF比を計算する回路と、
所定量の心臓用薬剤を供給するための薬剤供給装置と、
前記記録された電位図からの心臓の虚血の検出時に、前記LF/HF比が特定のしきい値を超えるときに薬剤供給装置を作動させるための回路と
を含む埋込可能な心臓用デバイス。 - 前記記録された電位図の変化を検出するための回路は、前記記録された電位図と前記基準電位図を関連づける請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記記録された電位図内の変化を検出する回路は、前記記録された電位図の第1導関数及び第2導関数を使用してSTセグメントの開始点及び最終点を配置する請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記記録された電位図の変化を検出するための回路は、前記記録された電位図のSTセグメントのスロープと前記基準電位図のSTセグメントのスロープとを比較する請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記記録された電位図内の変化を検出するための回路は、STセグメントの振幅と前記基準電位図のSTセグメントの振幅とを比較する請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記記録された電位図内の変化を検出するための回路は、虚血の程度を定量化し、心臓用薬剤を供給するための回路は、前記虚血の程度がプログラム可能なしきい値を超えるときのみ薬剤の供給を行う請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記心臓用薬剤は、血栓崩壊用の薬剤である請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 患者の呼吸速度を測定するための分時換気量センサをさらに含み、心臓用薬剤の供給を生じる回路は、前記記録された電位図から虚血の状態が検出され、前記呼吸速度が特定のしきい値を超えるときのみ薬剤の供給を行う請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 患者の活動水準を測定するための加速度計をさらに含み、心臓用薬剤を供給するための回路は、前記記録された電位図から虚血の状態が検出され、前記測定された活動水準が特定のしきい値以下のときのみ薬剤の供給を行う請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 固有の心臓の活動を検知する手段と、
心臓の虚血を示す変化を検出するために検知された心臓の活動からの電位図を記録する手段と、
心臓の拍動の間の間隔のスペクトルを分析し、LF/HF比を計算する手段と、
記録された電位図から虚血の状態が検出され、前記LF/HFの比が特定のしきい値を超えたときにのみ患者に所定量の心臓用薬剤を供給する手段と、
心臓の虚血を表す基準電位図と前記記録された電位図とを比較することによって、心臓の虚血を示す前記記録された電位図の変化を検知するための手段とを含む埋込可能な心臓用のデバイス。 - 前記記録された電位図と前記基準電位図とを関連づけるための手段をさらに含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 前記記録された電位図の第1導関数及び第2導関数を使用してSTセグメントの開始点及び最終点を配置する手段を含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 前記記録された電位図内のSTセグメントのスロープと前記基準電位図のSTセグメントのスロープとを比較する手段をさらに含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- STセグメントの振幅と前記基準電位図のSTセグメントの振幅とを比較する手段をさらに含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 虚血の程度を定量化し、前記虚血の程度がプログラム可能なしきい値を超えるときのみ心臓用薬剤を供給する手段をさらに含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 前記心臓用薬剤は、血栓崩壊用の薬剤である請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 患者の呼吸速度を測定する手段と、
前記記録された電位図から虚血の状態が検出され、前記呼吸速度が特定のしきい値を超えるときのみ心臓用薬剤を供給する手段とをさらに含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。 - 患者の活動水準を測定する手段と、
前記記録された電位図から虚血の状態が検出され、前記測定された活動水準が特定のしきい値以下であるときのみ心臓用薬剤を供給する手段とをさらに含む請求項10に記載のデバイス。
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WO2004043522A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
JP2006506130A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
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