JP4488189B2 - Power generation device by gas engine using fuel gas - Google Patents
Power generation device by gas engine using fuel gas Download PDFInfo
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- JP4488189B2 JP4488189B2 JP2004210962A JP2004210962A JP4488189B2 JP 4488189 B2 JP4488189 B2 JP 4488189B2 JP 2004210962 A JP2004210962 A JP 2004210962A JP 2004210962 A JP2004210962 A JP 2004210962A JP 4488189 B2 JP4488189 B2 JP 4488189B2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 93
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 62
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000012719 wet electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012718 dry electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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Description
本発明は、廃棄物又はバイオマスの処理段階で発生するダストを含む燃料ガスをガスエンジンの燃料として用いた発電装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus using fuel gas containing dust generated in a waste or biomass treatment stage as fuel for a gas engine.
従来から、廃棄物を加熱処理した際に発生する燃料ガス又はバイオマスを処理した際に発生する燃料ガスを燃料として用いることが行われている。
特許文献１には、自動車や家庭電化製品等の解体時に発生するシュレッダーダストを再資源化する方法として、図７に示すように、シュレッダーダストをガス化溶融炉１で熱分解ガス化して熱分解ガスを生成し、該熱分解ガスをガス洗浄塔２で洗浄した後電気集塵機３で集塵し、熱分解油と熱分解ガスとを回収する方法が記載されている。
しかしながら、これらの燃料ガスをガスエンジンの燃料として用いた場合には、ダストによってフィルタが閉塞し、この交換、洗浄を頻繁に行う必要があり、更にダストがバルブ部に堆積すると、バルブを閉じても完全にガスを遮断することができないという問題があった。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a fuel gas generated when a waste is heat-treated or a fuel gas generated when a biomass is processed is used as a fuel.
In Patent Document 1, as a method of recycling shredder dust generated during the dismantling of automobiles, home appliances, etc., as shown in FIG. 7, the shredder dust is pyrolyzed and pyrolyzed in a gasification melting furnace 1 as shown in FIG. A method is described in which a gas is generated, the pyrolysis gas is cleaned by the
However, when these fuel gases are used as gas engine fuel, the filter is clogged with dust, and this replacement and cleaning must be performed frequently. If dust accumulates on the valve section, the valve is closed. There was also a problem that the gas could not be completely shut off.
本発明者等は、前記の問題は、これらの燃料ガス中に微細なダストが存在することによって起こることを見いだした。
従って、本発明は、燃料ガス中に含まれる微細ダストを低減させて、ガスエンジンの長期間の運転を可能にすることを目的とする。
The present inventors have found that the above problem is caused by the presence of fine dust in these fuel gases.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce the fine dust contained in the fuel gas and to enable long-term operation of the gas engine.
本発明者等は廃棄物を加熱することによって発生したガスを高温で改質すると、ガスに含まれるＣＯのわずかな部分が、２ＣＯ→ＣＯ２＋Ｃ（ｓｏｌｉｄ）のような反応を引き起こして非常に微細な固体の炭素を生成し、これがガス中にダストとして含まれることによって生じることを見出して本発明を完成した。 When the present inventors reform the gas generated by heating waste at a high temperature, a small part of CO contained in the gas causes a reaction such as 2CO → CO 2 + C (solid), which is very The present invention has been completed by finding that it produces fine solid carbon, which is caused by inclusion in the gas as dust.
すなわち、本発明は次の態様からなる。
（１）廃棄物又はバイオマスの処理段階で発生するダストを含む燃料ガスを燃料として用いてガスエンジンを駆動させて行うガスエンジンによる発電方法であって、
該ダストは廃棄物又はバイオマスを加熱することによって発生するガスを高温で改質する過程でガス中のＣＯから生成する炭素からなる微細ダストを含むダストであり、
該燃料ガスを湿式電気集塵機に通し該燃料ガス中のダスト濃度を該ガスエンジン前で５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下にして該燃料ガス中の該微細ダストを低減するとともにミストを除去して、該ガスエンジン前での前記燃料ガス中のダストがタール分を実質的に含まず、炭素分を実質的な量含むようにし、フィルタの閉塞、バルブの密閉不良又はガス流れの阻害を発生させることなくガスエンジンに供給することを特徴とするガスエンジンによる発電方法。
（２）上記湿式電気集塵機により除塵することにより、上記ガスエンジン前での前記燃料ガス中のダストの平均粒子径を５μｍ以下とすることを特徴とする上記（１）のガスエンジンによる発電方法。
（３）上記湿式電気集塵機が集電極の前段で加湿する方式の湿式電気集塵機であることを特徴とする上記（１）又は（２）のガスエンジンによる発電方法。
That is, the present invention comprises the following aspects.
(1) A power generation method using a gas engine that is performed by driving a gas engine using a fuel gas containing dust generated in a waste or biomass treatment stage as a fuel,
The dust is dust containing fine dust composed of carbon generated from CO in the gas in the process of reforming the gas generated by heating waste or biomass at a high temperature,
The fuel gas is passed through a wet electrostatic precipitator so that the dust concentration in the fuel gas is 5 mg / Nm 3 or less in front of the gas engine to reduce the fine dust in the fuel gas and remove mist. A gas engine in which the dust in the fuel gas is substantially free of tar and contains a substantial amount of carbon, and does not cause filter blockage, valve sealing failure or gas flow obstruction. A power generation method using a gas engine, characterized by comprising:
(2) by dust removal by the wet electrostatic precipitator, power generation method using a gas engine of the above (1), characterized in that the average particle size of the dust of the fuel gas in front the gas engine and 5μm or less.
( 3 ) The power generation method using the gas engine according to (1) or (2) , wherein the wet electrostatic precipitator is a wet type precipitator of a type in which humidification is performed before the collector electrode.
（４）上記湿式電気集塵機の後に除湿装置を設けてガスエンジン内で結露をしないようにしたことを特徴とする上記（１）〜（３）のガスエンジンによる発電方法。
（５）上記湿式電気集塵機に供給する燃料ガスを洗浄して、上記湿式電気集塵機の前での燃料ガス中のダスト濃度を４００ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下とすることを特徴とする上記（１）〜（４）のガスエンジンによる発電方法。
（６）上記湿式電気集塵機の後に燃料ガスホルダーを設置し、該ホルダーの圧力制御を行うことによって該湿式電気集塵機後のガス圧力が負圧になることを防止することを特徴とする上記（１）〜（５）のガスエンジンによる発電方法。
（７）上記湿式電気集塵機での処理後の水中のダスト分を沈降処理し、ダスト分を除去した処理水を該湿式電気集塵機の補給水として再利用することを特徴とする上記（１）〜（６）のガスエンジンによる発電方法。
( 4 ) The power generation method using the gas engine according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein a dehumidifying device is provided after the wet electrostatic precipitator to prevent condensation in the gas engine.
(5) washing the fuel gas supplied to the wet electrostatic precipitator, above, characterized in that the dust concentration in the fuel gas in front of the wet electrostatic precipitator and 400 mg / Nm 3 or less (1) - ( 4) Power generation method using a gas engine.
( 6 ) A fuel gas holder is installed after the wet electrostatic precipitator, and the pressure of the holder is controlled to prevent the gas pressure after the wet electrostatic precipitator from becoming negative. (5) A power generation method using a gas engine.
( 7 ) The above-described (1) to (1), wherein the dust in the water after treatment in the wet electrostatic precipitator is settled, and the treated water from which the dust has been removed is reused as makeup water for the wet electrostatic precipitator. (6) The power generation method by a gas engine.
（８）廃棄物又はバイオマスの処理段階で発生するダストを含む燃料ガスを燃料として用いてガスエンジンを駆動させて発電を行う発電装置であって、湿式電気集塵機と、その後工程に設けられたガスエンジンとを有し、該ダストは廃棄物又はバイオマスを加熱することによって発生するガスを高温で改質する過程でガス中のＣＯから生成する炭素からなる微細ダストを含むダストであり、該湿式電気集塵機は、該燃料ガス中のダスト濃度を該ガスエンジン前で５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下にして該燃料ガス中の該微細ダストを低減するとともにミストを除去するものであり、フィルタの閉塞、バルブの密閉不良又はガス流れの阻害を発生させることなく、該燃料ガスをガスエンジンに供給可能とするものであることを特徴とする発電装置。
（９）上記湿式電気集塵機の後工程に除湿装置を設け、ガスエンジン内で結露をしないようにしたことを特徴とする上記（８）の発電装置。
（１０）上記湿式電気集塵機の後工程にガスホルダーを含む加圧装置を設け、該燃料ガス圧力が負圧になることを防止するようにしたことを特徴とする上記（９）の発電装置。
(8) provided waste or fuel gas containing dust generated in the processing stage of the biomass to a power generator for generating electric power by driving the gas engine is used as the fuel, a wet-type electrostatic precipitator, the step after its The dust is a dust containing fine dust made of carbon generated from CO in the gas in the process of reforming the gas generated by heating waste or biomass at a high temperature, The wet electrostatic precipitator reduces the fine dust in the fuel gas by reducing the dust concentration in the fuel gas to 5 mg / Nm 3 or less in front of the gas engine, and removes mist. A power generator capable of supplying the fuel gas to a gas engine without causing poor sealing of the valve or obstruction of gas flow .
( 9 ) The power generator according to ( 8 ), wherein a dehumidifier is provided in a subsequent process of the wet electric dust collector so as not to cause condensation in the gas engine.
( 10 ) The power generator according to ( 9 ), wherein a pressurizing device including a gas holder is provided in a subsequent process of the wet electrostatic precipitator to prevent the fuel gas pressure from becoming a negative pressure.
該燃料ガス中のダスト濃度を該ガスエンジン前で５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下に低減することにより、ガスエンジンの長期間の運転が可能となる。 By reducing the dust concentration in the fuel gas to 5 mg / Nm 3 or less in front of the gas engine, the gas engine can be operated for a long time.
本発明の発電方法に用いられる燃料ガスを得る方法を、廃棄物をガス化溶融処理して得られる燃料ガスを例にとって以下説明する。 A method for obtaining fuel gas used in the power generation method of the present invention will be described below by taking fuel gas obtained by gasifying and melting waste as an example.
図１は、廃棄物をガス化溶融処理して燃料ガスを得る装置の一例を示したものである。
都市ごみ等の処理ごみはプレス機で圧縮された後、乾燥熱分解工程で間接加熱により加熱乾留されて高温反応炉内に送られる。高温反応炉の下部にはバーナーが配置され、このバーナーによって炉内に燃料ガスと酸素とが導入され、この酸素ガスが乾留物中の炭素をガス化し、一酸化炭素と二酸化炭素が生成する。また、高温水蒸気が存在する場合には炭素と水蒸気とによる水性ガス化反応が生じて一酸化炭素と水素とが生成される。更に、有機化合物は熱分解して一酸化炭素と水素が生成する。上記の反応の結果、高温反応炉の塔頂部から粗合成ガスが排出される。
FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus for obtaining a fuel gas by gasifying and melting waste.
Wastes such as municipal waste are compressed by a press machine, and then heated and distilled by indirect heating in a dry pyrolysis process and sent into a high temperature reactor. A burner is disposed at the lower part of the high-temperature reactor, and fuel gas and oxygen are introduced into the furnace by the burner, and the oxygen gas gasifies carbon in the dry distillate to produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In addition, when high-temperature steam is present, a water gasification reaction occurs between carbon and steam to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Further, the organic compound is thermally decomposed to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. As a result of the above reaction, the crude synthesis gas is discharged from the top of the high temperature reactor.
高温反応炉から排出される燃料ガスに対して、冷却塔で酸性水を噴射することによってガスの温度を約１２００℃から約７０℃にまで急速冷却し、ダイオキシン類の生成を阻止する。この時、酸性水によってガスが洗浄され、粗合成ガス中に含まれるＰｂなどの重金属成分と塩素分は洗浄液中に溶け込む。 The temperature of the gas is rapidly cooled from about 1200 ° C. to about 70 ° C. by injecting acidic water in the cooling tower with respect to the fuel gas discharged from the high temperature reactor, and the production of dioxins is prevented. At this time, the gas is washed with acidic water, and heavy metal components such as Pb and chlorine contained in the crude synthesis gas are dissolved in the washing liquid.
酸洗浄された合成ガスは、水洗、脱硫（例えば、鉄キレートによる無機硫黄の除去）、除湿（冷水スプレー）の各処理を受けて排出される。この排出ガスはダストを含んでおり、これをそのままガスエンジンに送給すると、エンジントラブルが生じる。 The acid-cleaned synthesis gas is discharged after being subjected to water washing, desulfurization (for example, removal of inorganic sulfur by iron chelate), and dehumidification (cold water spray). This exhaust gas contains dust. If this exhaust gas is supplied to the gas engine as it is, engine trouble occurs.
ガスエンジンのトラブルを防止するには、燃料ガス中のダスト濃度は５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下とすることが必要であり、好ましくは１ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下とする。５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３を超えるとフィルタの閉塞、更にはバルブに堆積した場合にはバルブの密閉不良という問題が生じる。ダスト濃度の測定はＪＩＳ Ｚ８８０８「排ガス中のダスト濃度の測定方法」に準じて行う。
また、ダスト濃度が５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下である場合でも、それがタール分を実質的に含まず、炭素分が実質的な量含むことが好ましい。タール分は、フィルタだけでなく、配管やバルブなどで堆積しやすくガスの流れを阻害する。
燃料ガス中のダストは平均粒子径が５μｍ以下であることが好ましい。平均粒子径が５μｍを超えると、フィルタの閉塞、更にはバルブに堆積した場合にはバルブの密閉不良という問題が生じる。
In order to prevent troubles in the gas engine, the dust concentration in the fuel gas needs to be 5 mg / Nm 3 or less, preferably 1 mg / Nm 3 or less. If it exceeds 5 mg / Nm 3 , there is a problem that the filter is clogged, and further, if it is deposited on the valve, the valve is poorly sealed. The dust concentration is measured in accordance with JIS Z8808 “Measurement method of dust concentration in exhaust gas”.
Moreover, even when the dust concentration is 5 mg / Nm 3 or less, it is preferable that it contains substantially no tar and carbon. The tar content tends to accumulate not only in the filter but also in pipes and valves, and inhibits the gas flow.
The dust in the fuel gas preferably has an average particle size of 5 μm or less. When the average particle diameter exceeds 5 μm, there is a problem that the filter is clogged, and further, when it is deposited on the valve, the valve is poorly sealed.
一般的なダストの捕集方法としては、バグフィルタなどで機械的に捕集する方法及び電気集塵機によって電気的に集塵する方法があるが。機械的な方法では圧力損失が大きく、炉圧が高くなり好ましくない。電気集塵法は圧力損失が大きくならないので好ましい。 As a general dust collection method, there are a method of mechanically collecting with a bag filter or the like and a method of electrically collecting dust with an electric dust collector. The mechanical method is not preferable because the pressure loss is large and the furnace pressure becomes high. The electric dust collection method is preferable because the pressure loss does not increase.
また、電気集塵機には、乾式電気集塵機と湿式電気集塵機とがある。
乾式電気集塵機は、集塵電極に付着したダストをクリーニングする方法として、機械的衝撃を与えてダストを剥離落下させて回収する形式の集塵機であり、湿式電気集塵機は、集塵電極に付着したダストをクリーニングする方法として、噴霧散水によってダストを洗い流す形式の集塵機である。
In addition, the electrostatic precipitator includes a dry electrostatic precipitator and a wet electrostatic precipitator.
A dry electrostatic precipitator is a type of dust collector that collects dust by peeling off the dust by applying a mechanical impact as a method of cleaning the dust adhering to the dust collecting electrode, and the wet electrostatic precipitator is a type of dust adhering to the dust collecting electrode. As a method for cleaning, a dust collector of a type in which dust is washed away by spray watering.
電気集塵機は圧力損失が５００Ｐａ以下と小さいが、乾式電気集塵機はその集塵特性が捕集しようとするダストの固有抵抗値により左右されるので湿式の方がより好ましい。
一方、湿式電気集塵機はミストを含むガスにも適用可能であり、また、ダスト性状に性能が影響されることがなく、メンテナンスも簡単である等の理由で特に好ましい。
The electric dust collector has a small pressure loss of 500 Pa or less, but the dry type electrostatic dust collector is more preferable because the dust collection characteristics depend on the specific resistance value of the dust to be collected.
On the other hand, the wet type electrostatic precipitator can be applied to a gas containing mist, and is particularly preferable because performance is not affected by dust properties and maintenance is easy.
湿式電気集塵機には、集塵極板を連続洗浄しながら集塵する連続洗浄式と、ガス入口部で水をスプレーし、ダストに水ミストを混合させて集塵する加湿式とがあるが、加湿式であると、乾式電気集塵器では捕捉されにくいダストも、加湿水で包含することにより、最適な固有抵抗値とすることが出来、集塵効率をあげることが可能となるのでより好ましい。 There are two types of wet electric dust collectors: a continuous cleaning type that collects dust while continuously cleaning the dust collecting electrode plate, and a wet type that collects water by spraying water at the gas inlet and mixing water mist with the dust. Dust that is difficult to trap with a dry electrostatic precipitator is more preferable when it is humidified, because it can be set to an optimum specific resistance value by including it with humidified water, and dust collection efficiency can be increased. .
ガスエンジンに供給される燃料ガス中に水分が含まれていると、この水分がエンジン内で結露する場合があり好ましくないので、ガスエンジンの入口に除湿装置を設け、ガスエンジン内で結露を防止することが好ましい。 If moisture is contained in the fuel gas supplied to the gas engine, this moisture may condense in the engine, which is not preferable. A dehumidifier is installed at the gas engine inlet to prevent condensation in the gas engine. It is preferable to do.
電気集塵機での除じん率は設備サイズなどから、実質９９％程度が限度であるので、湿式電気集塵機の出口でのダスト濃度を５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下とするためには、湿式電気集塵機に供給される燃料ガス中のダスト濃度を４００ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下としておくことが好ましい。このためには、予め燃料ガスをガス洗浄塔などの洗浄装置で洗浄して粗大なダスト分を除去しておくことが好ましい。 Dust removal rate in the electrostatic precipitator is Guaranteed size, about substantially 99% is a limit, the dust concentration at the outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator in order to 5 mg / Nm 3 or less is supplied to the wet electrostatic precipitator The dust concentration in the fuel gas is preferably 400 mg / Nm 3 or less. For this purpose, it is preferable to clean the fuel gas with a cleaning device such as a gas cleaning tower in advance to remove coarse dust.
燃料ガスは可燃性ガスであるため、負圧となると、もし配管にリークがあった場合に空気がガス中に漏れこむことになり、配管内で可燃混合気が形成され、電気集塵機内のコロナ放電により着火・爆発の危険性がある。このため、湿式電気集塵機の後に燃料ガスホルダーを設置し、該ホルダーの圧力制御を行うことによって該湿式電気集塵機後のガス圧力が負圧になることを防止することが好ましい。 Since the fuel gas is a flammable gas, if a negative pressure is applied, if there is a leak in the piping, air will leak into the gas, forming a flammable mixture in the piping and corona inside the electrostatic precipitator. There is a risk of ignition and explosion due to electric discharge. For this reason, it is preferable to prevent a gas pressure after the wet electrostatic precipitator from becoming a negative pressure by installing a fuel gas holder after the wet electrostatic precipitator and performing pressure control of the holder.
また、湿式電気集塵機は水を使用するため、排水が生じ、廃水処理施設が必要となるという欠点がある。また、外部より多くの水を供給する必要もある。そこで、本発明では、湿式電気集塵機で生成したダスト分を含む処理水を沈降分離処理してダスト分と水とに分離し、ダスト分を除去された処理水を該湿式電気集塵機の補給水として再利用することにより後処理工程である廃水処理施設を設置する必要をなくすか或いは簡素にすることが好ましい。また、沈降分離処理の際には、凝集剤などを使用して沈降を促進させても良い。 In addition, since the wet electrostatic precipitator uses water, there is a drawback that wastewater is generated and a wastewater treatment facility is required. It is also necessary to supply more water from the outside. Therefore, in the present invention, the treated water containing the dust generated by the wet electrostatic precipitator is settled and separated into the dust and water, and the treated water from which the dust is removed is used as makeup water for the wet electrostatic precipitator. By reusing, it is preferable to eliminate or simplify the need for installing a wastewater treatment facility as a post-treatment process. In the sedimentation separation process, sedimentation may be promoted using a flocculant or the like.
本発明の発電方法を実施するための装置の構成例を図２のフロー図に基づいて説明する。図２における（ａ）〜（ｄ）は本発明の方法を実施するためのフロー図の例を示すものである。 A configuration example of an apparatus for carrying out the power generation method of the present invention will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. (A)-(d) in FIG. 2 shows the example of the flowchart for implementing the method of this invention.
（ａ）は、燃料ガスを湿式電気集塵機に通してダスト濃度を５ｍｇ／ｍ３Ｎ以下に低減させた後、ガスエンジンに供給する場合のフロー図である。 (A) is a flowchart in the case of supplying fuel gas to a gas engine, after passing a fuel gas through a wet-type electrostatic precipitator and reducing dust concentration to 5 mg / m < 3 > N or less.
（ｂ）は、前記の（ａ）において、湿式電気集塵機の後ろにガスホルダーを設けて湿式電気集塵機後のガス圧力が負圧になることを防止するようにした場合のフロー図である。 (B) is a flow chart in the case where, in the above (a), a gas holder is provided behind the wet electrostatic precipitator to prevent the gas pressure after the wet electrostatic precipitator from becoming a negative pressure.
（ｃ）は、前記の（ｂ）において、湿式電気集塵機の後に除湿装置を設けて、ガス中の室分を除去し、ガスエンジン内での結露を防止するようにした場合のフロー図である。 (C) is a flow chart in the case where a dehumidifying device is provided after the wet electrostatic precipitator in the above (b) to remove a chamber portion in the gas and prevent condensation in the gas engine. .
（ｄ）は、前記の（ｃ）において、湿式電気集塵機から排出される処理水を処理して水と固形分と荷分離する沈降分離装置を設けて、処理水を湿式電気集塵機に戻して再利用するようにした場合のフロー図である。 (D) provides a sedimentation separator for treating the treated water discharged from the wet electrostatic precipitator and separating the load from the water and the solids, and returning the treated water to the wet electrostatic precipitator. It is a flow figure at the time of making it utilize.
本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。
［実施例１］
廃棄物を処理して発生した燃料ガスを処理した。図３に処理フローを示す。
燃料ガスの組成、流量、処理条件、処理の結果は次の通りであった。
（燃料ガスの平均組成） ＣＯ：３３％、Ｈ２：３５％、ＣＯ２：２８％、Ｎ２：４％
（ガス流量） 平均１８００ｍ３Ｎ／ｈ（１６５０〜１９００３Ｎ／ｈ）
（燃料ガス中のダスト濃度） 平均１８ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３
（湿式集塵機の仕様） 除塵効率９９％、設計ガス量２０００ｍ３Ｎ／ｈ、前加湿方式（手動での加湿入／切可能）、加湿水量０．８ｍ３／ｈ、洗浄水量５ｍ３／ｈ×５分／４ｈ（４時間に１回、５分間、５ｍ３／ｈ流す）
（処理後のダスト濃度） 電圧により可変（３．５〜１８（電圧印加なし）ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３）。
ダスト濃度によるフィルタ閉塞時間への影響を調べた。その結果を図４に示す。
図４に示すように、フィルタ閉塞までの運転時間は、ダスト濃度５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下となると急激に延長した。
The present invention will be described based on examples.
[Example 1]
The fuel gas generated by processing the waste was processed. FIG. 3 shows a processing flow.
The composition of the fuel gas, the flow rate, the processing conditions, and the results of the processing were as follows.
(Average composition of the fuel gas) CO: 33%, H 2 : 35%, CO 2: 28%, N 2: 4%
(Gas flow rate) Average 1800 m 3 N / h (1650-1900 3 N / h)
(Dust concentration in fuel gas) Average 18mg / Nm 3
(Specifications of wet dust collector) Dust removal efficiency 99%, design gas amount 2000m 3 N / h, pre-humidification method (manual humidification can be turned on / off), humidification water amount 0.8m 3 / h, cleaning water amount 5m 3 / h × 5 minutes / 4h (flows once every 4 hours, 5 minutes, 5 m 3 / h)
(Dust concentration after treatment) Variable depending on voltage (3.5 to 18 (no voltage applied) mg / Nm 3 ).
The effect of dust concentration on filter clogging time was investigated. The result is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the operation time until the filter was clogged was sharply extended when the dust concentration was 5 mg / Nm 3 or less.
上述の装置で、加湿の入／切による除塵率の差を調べた。その結果を図５に示す。
加湿を実施した場合、除塵率は安定して所定の能力を達成しているが、加湿を行わない時は、除塵率が極端に低い日があることが分かった。
極端に除塵率が低い日は、処理したゴミの種類が通常と異なることから、ダスト性状が変化したものであり、加湿無しの場合、加湿の影響によりダスト性状によって除塵率が変動するのに対し、加湿ありの場合はダスト性状によらず、安定した除塵が行われている。
With the above-mentioned apparatus, the difference in the dust removal rate by turning on / off the humidification was examined. The result is shown in FIG.
When humidification was performed, the dust removal rate stably achieved a predetermined capacity, but it was found that there were days when the dust removal rate was extremely low when humidification was not performed.
On days when the dust removal rate is extremely low, the type of dust processed is different from normal, so the dust properties have changed.Without humidification, the dust removal rate varies depending on the dust properties due to the effect of humidification. In the case of humidification, stable dust removal is performed regardless of dust properties.
［実施例２］
実施例１において、沈殿装置（沈殿槽容積３．１ｍ３、沈降面積２．０ｍ２）を設置し、電気集塵機の排水を沈殿装置に導き、ダストを沈降、分離し、上澄み水を再度集塵機において利用した。図６に処理フローを示す。
排水中の固体懸濁物の濃度は、排水中で約２０ｍｇ／ｍ３であったものが、上澄み水では約２．０ｍｇ／ｍ３となり、この水を使用することで集塵機の性能は達成され、ノズルへのダストの詰まりなどの問題も発生しなかった。
この結果、通常運転において０．９ｍ３／ｈの水が必要である（平均）ものが、沈降装置を用いることで０．０８ｍ３／ｈとなり、排水量及び給水量を９１％低減することが可能となった。
[Example 2]
In Example 1, a sedimentation device (a sedimentation tank volume of 3.1 m 3 , a sedimentation area of 2.0 m 2 ) is installed, the waste water from the electrostatic precipitator is guided to the sedimentation device, dust is settled and separated, and the supernatant water is again collected in the dust collector. used. FIG. 6 shows a processing flow.
The concentration of the solid suspension in the wastewater is about 20 mg / m 3 in the waste water, but about 2.0 mg / m 3 in the supernatant water, and the performance of the dust collector is achieved by using this water. No problems such as clogging of dust in the nozzles occurred.
As a result, 0.9m 3 / h of water required in normal operation (average) becomes 0.08m 3 / h by using a settling device, and the amount of drainage and water supply can be reduced by 91% It became.
［乾式電気集塵機との比較］
乾式電気集塵機においては、ダストの再飛散の影響があり、出口ダスト濃度を低くしようとすると、流速を小さくする必要があるため、結果的に装置が大型化することとなり、現実的な大きさの処理装置とすることは難しい。
[Comparison with dry electrostatic precipitator]
In a dry electrostatic precipitator, there is an effect of dust re-scattering, and if it is attempted to reduce the outlet dust concentration, it is necessary to reduce the flow velocity, resulting in an increase in the size of the device, resulting in a realistic size. It is difficult to make a processing device.
本発明によれば、廃棄物又はバイオマスの処理段階で燃料ガスに含まれるダストを５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下に低減させることにより、ダストを含む燃料ガスをガスエンジン発電におけるガスエンジンの駆動用燃料ガスとして有効に利用することができる。 According to the present invention, by reducing the dust contained in the fuel gas to 5 mg / Nm 3 or less in the waste or biomass treatment stage, the fuel gas containing the dust is used as the fuel gas for driving the gas engine in the gas engine power generation. It can be used effectively.
Claims (10)
該ダストは廃棄物又はバイオマスを加熱することによって発生するガスを高温で改質する過程でガス中のＣＯから生成する炭素からなる微細ダストを含むダストであり、
該燃料ガスを湿式電気集塵機に通し該燃料ガス中のダスト濃度を該ガスエンジン前で５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３以下にして該燃料ガス中の該微細ダストを低減するとともにミストを除去して、該ガスエンジン前での前記燃料ガス中のダストがタール分を実質的に含まず、炭素分を実質的な量含むようにし、フィルタの閉塞、バルブの密閉不良又はガス流れの阻害を発生させることなくガスエンジンに供給することを特徴とするガスエンジンによる発電方法。 A power generation method by a gas engine that is performed by driving a gas engine using fuel gas containing dust generated in a waste or biomass processing stage as fuel,
The dust is dust containing fine dust composed of carbon generated from CO in the gas in the process of reforming the gas generated by heating waste or biomass at a high temperature,
The fuel gas is passed through a wet type electrostatic precipitator so that the dust concentration in the fuel gas is 5 mg / Nm 3 or less before the gas engine to reduce the fine dust in the fuel gas and remove mist, A gas engine in which the dust in the fuel gas is substantially free of tar and contains a substantial amount of carbon, and does not cause filter blockage, valve sealing failure or gas flow obstruction. A power generation method using a gas engine, characterized by comprising:
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