JP2004195459A - Waste treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment apparatus for organic matter-containing waste which develops an excellent practical effect for more enhancing the gasification and recovery of the organic matter contained in waste, preventing the production of a harmful gas, facilitating the removal of the deposit on devices and extending the life of the apparatus to reduce a treatment cost. <P>SOLUTION: This treatment apparatus has a waste feed-in system 1, a thermal decomposition device 3 for indirectly heating the waste to the thermal decomposition temperature of the organic matter in the waste or higher to decompose the same into a thermally decomposed gas and solid residue at 400 to 650°C, a gas reforming device 8 for converting a higher hydrocarbon in the gas into a lower hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and steam at 900 to 1,200°C, a gas cooling device 9 for quenching a high temperature gas to 230 to 160°C and a gas cleaner 10 for cleaning the gas containing dust and a harmful component. As the gas treatment device connected to a decomposed gas piping system, a pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas cleaned by the gas cleaned is provided. A cleaned gas supply pipe for supplying the cleaned gas after the adjustment of pressure to the inside or outside of the system as a fuel gas or a non-combustion gas material is provided to the pressure adjusting means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification treatment technology for waste, and in particular, it is possible to extremely efficiently obtain a clean gas while suppressing generation of harmful substances from various kinds of waste including organic matter, recover effective energy, and recycle gas. The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus capable of establishing such as the above.

  In recent years, lack of processing capacity for large-scale discharge of general waste and industrial waste, generation of harmful gases during incineration, waste of resources, etc. have become major social problems. Research on waste treatment technology has been conducted.

  In particular, for the treatment of urban garbage, car shredder dust, waste plastics, construction waste, wood chips, paper waste, textile waste, household appliances, waste OA products, waste substrates, CFC-containing insulation, medical waste, contaminated soil, etc. Many organic substances are contained, and in the treatment of waste containing such organic substances, there is a problem that harmful gases such as dioxin are easily generated and efficient gas recycling cannot be achieved.

  In the conventional treatment technology, the treatment of organic matter is often regarded as a secondary treatment associated with the treatment of recovering valuable metals, and the treatment focused on organic matter and the more effective energy recovery and gas recycling. Few technologies focus on surfaces.

  As a technology for treating organic waste containing organic substances, there has been proposed a method using pyrolysis by dry distillation (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, the generated gas is treated to some extent effectively to recover energy.

  For example, in these technologies, roughly as a first-stage processing apparatus, a pyrolysis apparatus that pyrolyzes waste as a raw material and separates it into a pyrolysis gas and a solid substance, and a solid substance obtained by the pyrolysis apparatus And a mechanical treatment device for finely pulverizing and separating metals contained in solid matter. Then, at the subsequent stage, the pyrolysis char obtained by the mechanical processing device and the pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis device are added to an oxidizing agent and, if necessary, a charcoal-forming charcoal or the like, and the localized carbon is added. A high temperature gasifier for converting into a heated gas is provided.

  The pyrolyzer is provided with a shredder for finely pulverizing waste, while a gas scrubber for removing HCl, HF, dust and the like is provided on the secondary side of the high-temperature gasifier, and the gas scrubber is provided with a gas scrubber. An energy application device for supplying a heating gas and a flue gas desulfurization plant for desulfurizing a flue gas are provided sequentially on the secondary side.

  After finely pulverizing waste mainly composed of metal scraps to which organic substances are attached by a shredder, air and energy are supplied in a pyrolysis device, and the pyrolysis gas and solids are operated at a temperature of about 550 to 600 ° C. Separate from things. The metal contained in the solid is separated from the solid by grinding and sorting in a mechanical treatment device, and the metal is removed after purification. On the other hand, the pyrolysis char composed of the carbonized organic matter from which the metal has been removed and the inorganic component is introduced into a high-temperature gasifier together with the pyrolysis gas.

The high temperature gasifier supplies the oxidant and energy and operates at 1600 ° C. to convert the pyrolysis char and pyrolysis gas into a low carbide heating gas. In this high temperature gasifier, the inorganic component becomes a part of the vitrified structure by heating, and the inorganic component is removed. After removing dust and the like contained in the heating gas in the gas scrubber, the heating gas is introduced into the energy application device. Further, the flue gas generated from the energy application device and the exhaust gas generated from the thermal decomposition device are introduced together into a flue gas desulfurization plant to perform desulfurization, thereby obtaining low-temperature clean exhaust gas.
Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 8-24904 JP-A-9-79548

  However, the above-mentioned known techniques and other conventional treatment techniques have problems in that the generation of harmful gases is not always sufficiently suppressed, the efficiency of clean gas recovery or recyclability is low, and the processing capacity and equipment durability are low. In fact, the technology has not yet been established as a technology that can be established for the treatment of waste containing organic matter.

  That is, in order to decompose the higher hydrocarbons contained in the pyrolysis gas of the organic matter generated in the pyrolysis apparatus to lower hydrocarbons, it is necessary to perform gas reforming in a high temperature environment of about 1000 ° C. At this temperature, no dioxin can be present. Dioxin is almost completely decomposed at 850 ° C. or higher even if there is a substance that can be a raw material for producing dioxin, or even if a pyrolysis gas containing dioxin flows in. It is said that the temperature range in which dioxin is generated is about 250 to 350 ° C., and if a cooling method that quickly passes through this temperature range is adopted, resynthesis of dioxin can be avoided. However, in the past, since sufficient consideration was not given in the subsequent reforming gas cooling step, dioxin may remain in the clean gas.

  Also, pipes and filters are circulated with insufficient gas cooling, and in many cases, ceramic mist etc. adheres firmly to pipes and filters in a molten state, making it difficult to remove them. This leads to shortening of the service life of the device.

  Furthermore, the decomposition temperature of the organic matter decomposed by the pyrolysis device changes depending on the type and state.However, there is ambiguity in the temperature set in the pyrolysis device and each subsequent device. It cannot be completely gasified, and there is room for improvement in terms of gasification efficiency, recovery efficiency, and processing capacity.

  Furthermore, the method of using the generated pyrolysis gas is relatively narrow, for example, it is often the case of simply recovering heat by simply burning it. The target of use or application range is narrow, and effective use is not necessarily achieved.

  On the other hand, in the field of refrigeration cycle devices such as refrigerators and air conditioners, or in the fields of spray detergents and cosmetics, organic media such as fluorocarbon and non-fluorocarbon are used in the form of gas or liquid. As for these wastes, the organic substances remain in a fluid state or in a state where they are impregnated in solid parts such as pipes, but an effective treatment technique for them has not yet been established.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and further improves the gasification and recovery rate of organic substances contained in waste, completely removes harmful substances such as dioxins, and attaches it to equipment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment apparatus capable of facilitating the removal of kimono and the like, thereby establishing a technique for treating all waste including organic matter.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste carrying system for carrying waste, and a high-temperature combustion obtained by receiving the waste from the waste carrying system and burning fuel and air. Indirect heating at a temperature not lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the organic matter contained in the waste is performed under an air-blocking state using a gas as a heat source, and the waste is subjected to thermal decomposition gas and solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C. A pyrolysis device that decomposes the pyrolysis gas, a pyrolysis gas piping system that takes out the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis device, and a plurality of gas processing devices that are connected to the pyrolysis gas piping system and sequentially process the pyrolysis gas. The gas processing apparatus includes at least air, oxygen-enriched air or an oxidizing gas containing oxygen and a pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis apparatus, and is included in the pyrolysis gas. Combustible component and the acid A reaction is caused between oxygen in the agent gas and high-order hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas are converted into low-order hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and steam in a temperature range of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C. A gas reforming device, a gas cooling device disposed downstream of the gas reforming device, for rapidly cooling the high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C., and a gas downstream of the gas cooling device. A gas purifying device for introducing a gas quenched by the gas cooling device and purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, the gas being connected to the decomposition gas piping system. The processing apparatus further includes pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas purified by the gas purifying apparatus, and the pressure adjusting means supplies the purified gas after pressure adjustment to the inside or outside of the system with the fuel gas or non-gas. With fuel gas materials To attachment purge gas supply pipe for supplying Te provides a processing apparatus for waste characterized.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste carrying system for carrying waste, and a crushing, crushing, sorting or drying method for introducing and receiving the received waste provided in the waste carrying system. A pre-processing device for performing the above-described processing, and connected to the pre-processing device, receiving the processed waste, and performing the above-mentioned process under an air-blocking state using a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air as a heat source. A pyrolysis apparatus for indirectly heating organic substances contained in the waste at a temperature equal to or higher than the thermal decomposition temperature and decomposing the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C .; A cracked gas piping system for taking out the cracked gas generated by the device, and a plurality of gas processing devices connected to the cracked gas piping system and sequentially processing the cracked gas, at least as the gas processing device ,air, An oxidizing gas containing oxygen-enriched air or oxygen and a pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis device are introduced, and a combustible component contained in the pyrolysis gas and oxygen in the oxidizing gas are introduced. A gas reformer for causing a reaction to convert higher hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas into lower hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and steam in a temperature range of 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C .; A gas cooling device that is disposed downstream of the gas cooling device and rapidly cools the high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C .; and a gas cooling device that is disposed downstream of the gas cooling device. A gas purification device for introducing quenched gas and purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, and further comprising a gas purification device connected to the decomposition gas piping system, Purified with equipment Pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas, and a purge gas supply pipe for supplying the purified gas after the pressure adjustment into or out of the system as a fuel gas or a non-combustible gas material is connected to the pressure adjusting means. The present invention provides a waste treatment device characterized by the following.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste carrying system for carrying waste, and an air shutoff state in which the waste is received from the waste carrying system and high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air is used as a heat source. A pyrolysis apparatus that performs indirect heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of organic substances contained in the waste under the above, and decomposes the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C; A pyrolysis gas pipe system for extracting pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis device; a plurality of gas processing devices connected to the pyrolysis gas piping system for sequentially processing the pyrolysis gas; A residue treatment system for treating the solid residue that has been obtained, at least as the gas treatment device, air, oxygen-enriched air or an oxidizing gas containing oxygen and a pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis device. Introduce the heat component A reaction is caused between a combustible component contained in the gas and oxygen in the oxidizing gas, and the higher hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas are converted into lower hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in a temperature range of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C. A gas reforming device for converting carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and water vapor into a gas, and a gas that is disposed downstream of the gas reforming device and rapidly cools a high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C. A cooling device and a gas purifying device arranged downstream of the gas cooling device, introducing a gas quenched by the gas cooling device, and purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, As the residue treatment system, at least a melt gasifier for introducing a solid residue obtained by the pyrolysis device to melt the inorganic component and gasify the carbon component is connected to the decomposition gas piping system. The gas processing apparatus further includes pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas purified by the gas purifying apparatus. The pressure adjusting means includes a purified gas after pressure adjustment inside or outside the system. Alternatively, there is provided a waste treatment apparatus to which a purified gas supply pipe for supplying as a non-combustible gas material is connected.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste carrying system for carrying waste, and a crushing, crushing, sorting or drying method for introducing and receiving the received waste provided in the waste carrying system. A pre-processing device for performing the above-described processing, and connected to the pre-processing device, receiving the processed waste, and performing the above-mentioned process under an air-blocking state using a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air as a heat source. A pyrolysis apparatus for indirectly heating organic substances contained in the waste at a temperature equal to or higher than the thermal decomposition temperature and decomposing the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C .; A cracking gas piping system for extracting the pyrolysis gas generated by the device, a plurality of gas processing devices connected to the cracking gas piping system for sequentially processing the pyrolysis gas, and a solid state gas generated by the pyrolysis device. Residue to process the residue A processing system, and at least as the gas processing device, introducing an oxidizing gas containing air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen and a pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis device, and into the pyrolysis gas A reaction is caused between the contained combustible component and oxygen in the oxidizing gas, and the higher hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas are converted into lower hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide in a temperature range of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C. A gas reforming device that converts the gas into hydrogen, steam, and a gas cooling device that is disposed downstream of the gas reforming device and rapidly cools the high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C. A gas purifying device disposed downstream of the gas cooling device and introducing a gas quenched by the gas cooling device to purify dust and harmful components contained in the gas. As a system At least, there is provided a melting gasifier for introducing the solid residue obtained by the pyrolysis device to melt the inorganic component and gasify the carbon component, and for a gas treatment connected to the decomposition gas piping system. The apparatus further includes pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas purified by the gas purifying apparatus, and the pressure adjusting means includes a fuel gas or a non-combustible gas which is supplied with the purified gas after the pressure adjustment into or out of the system. Disclosed is a waste treatment apparatus to which a purified gas supply pipe for supplying a material is connected.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the combustion gas supplied to the pyrolysis apparatus is supplied to at least one of an apparatus and a pipe by a heating gas. A waste gas treatment apparatus provided with a combustion gas supply pipe for supplying the waste gas.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the waste processing apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the combustion gas supply pipe supplies the combustion gas heated by the pyrolysis device to the waste carry-in system as a drying gas. Provided is a waste treatment device characterized by being a pipe.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the combustion gas supply pipe is a pipe that supplies the combustion gas heated by the pyrolysis device to equipment as a sealing gas. The present invention provides a waste treatment device characterized by the following.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the gas reformer has a mechanism for additionally introducing and burning fuel. To provide an apparatus for treating waste.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to the eighth aspect, the fuel additionally introduced into the gas reforming device is at least one of a fuel introduced from outside and a purified gas purified by the purification device. There is provided a waste treatment apparatus characterized by any one of the above.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, the oxidant gas, the fuel, and the purification gas introduced before the gas reforming apparatus are introduced. Provided is a waste treatment apparatus including a preheating unit that preheats at least one of them.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, the gas reformer sets a heating temperature of the introduced pyrolysis gas in a range of 900 to 1200 ° C. In addition, the present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus, wherein the passage time of the pyrolysis gas is set to 2 seconds or more.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, a precooling method is provided in which the temperature of the reformed gas to be introduced is precooled to 900 ° C. or lower before the gas cooling device. The present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus characterized by including a unit.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, the gas cooling device sets a cooling temperature of the introduced gas to 230 to 160 ° C. Wherein the passage time of the waste is set to several seconds to several tens of seconds.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, the gas cooling device is one of a direct cooling device using water spray and an indirect cooling cooling using a heat exchanger. Alternatively, there is provided a waste treatment apparatus characterized by having both.

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, the gas cooling device includes a high-temperature water generating unit that generates high-temperature water and a steam generating unit that generates steam. Provided is a waste treatment apparatus having at least one of the above.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, the gas purifying apparatus includes a dust removing device using a filter, a gas washing device using water, and a gas washing device using an alkaline solution. And a gas purification device using a solid absorbent, a gas purification device using a solid adsorbent, or two or more of these purification treatment devices.

  According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to the sixteenth aspect, in addition to the gas purifying device, a gas purifying device using corona discharge, a gas purifying device using a photocatalyst, a gas purifying device using ultraviolet light, or a gas purifying device using ozone. Or a waste treatment apparatus provided with two or more of these purification treatment apparatuses.

  According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the third to seventeenth aspects, a gas compression device is provided on a downstream side of the gas purification device. Provide equipment.

  According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the waste treatment apparatus according to the eighteenth aspect, wherein a gas storage device is provided on a downstream side of the gas compression device.

  According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to nineteenth aspects, at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purification device is used for heating the pyrolysis device. Disclosed is a waste treatment apparatus provided with a reflux pipe for leading fuel.

  According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to twentieth aspects, at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purifier is used as fuel in the gas reformer. Disclosed is a waste treatment device provided with a reflux pipe for guiding.

  According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to twenty-first aspects, at least a part of the purified gas is introduced into the gas cooling device from a later stage of the gas purification device. Disclosed is a waste treatment apparatus, wherein a reflux pipe for mixing the reformed gas for lowering the temperature is provided.

  According to a twenty-third aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the second to twenty-second aspects, the filter for using at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purification apparatus in the gas purification apparatus. The present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus characterized in that a reflux pipe for guiding a backwash fluid is provided.

  According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to twenty-third aspects, a gas engine is operated downstream of the gas purification device using at least a part of the purified gas as fuel. , A fuel cell, and other combustion devices are connected.

  According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to twenty-fourth aspects, at least a part of the purified gas is used as a chemical raw material or a reducing gas at a stage subsequent to the gas purification device. Provided is a waste treatment apparatus characterized by including an apparatus to which the invention is applied.

  According to a twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to twenty-fifth aspects, the residue treatment system introduces a solid residue obtained by the pyrolysis apparatus to cool and crush the waste. The present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus characterized by having a solid residue treatment apparatus for performing component adjustment by pulverization, separation, removal of metal components, addition of inorganic components, or a combination of two or more of these.

  According to a twenty-seventh aspect of the present invention, in the waste disposal apparatus according to the second aspect, the solid residue treatment device has means for performing at least one of crushing and pulverization of the solid residue using mechanical force. A waste treatment apparatus is provided.

  According to a twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention, in the waste disposal apparatus according to the second aspect, the solid residue treatment device has means for separating the solid residue using static electricity. Of the present invention.

  According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the twenty-sixth to twenty-eighth aspects, the solid residue treatment apparatus is provided at a stage preceding the melt gasification apparatus. To provide an apparatus for treating waste.

  According to a thirtieth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the third to twenty-ninth aspects, the melt gasifier includes an oxidizing agent containing at least one of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, and air. Oxidant introduction part to be introduced, created by burning the fuel with the introduced oxidant, the solid obtained by the residue introduction treatment device is introduced, and the inorganic component in the solid is melted to form a melt. A high-temperature field, wherein a gas containing a low-molecular-weight carbon compound is obtained by gasification of the carbon component in the solid in the high-temperature field.

  According to a thirty-first aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the third to thirty aspects, the melting and gasifying apparatus sets the temperature at which the introduced solid residue is melted and gasified within a range of 1200 to 1600 ° C. And a waste disposal apparatus characterized in that the waste disposal apparatus is set to:

  According to a thirty-second aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the third to thirty-first aspects, the gas obtained by the melt gasifier is supplied to the gas purifier for purifying pyrolysis gas. A molten gas supply pipe is provided, and the gas purifier is a combined gas purifier that integrates the pyrolysis gas and the gas obtained in the melt gasifier to remove dust or harmful components and purify the combined gas purifier. The present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus characterized in that:

  According to a thirty-third aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to the thirty-second aspect, the molten gas cooling system is configured such that the gas obtained by the melt gasifier is cooled in the molten gas supply pipe at a stage preceding the composite gas purifier. Provided is a waste treatment apparatus characterized by including an apparatus.

  According to a thirty-fourth aspect of the present invention, in the waste disposal apparatus according to any one of the third to thirty-third aspects, the slag is produced as a granulated slag by dropping a melt obtained by the melt gasifier into water. Provided is a waste treatment apparatus characterized by including an apparatus.

  In the invention of claim 35, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 34, before introducing the solid residue discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus to the solid residue treatment apparatus, A waste treatment apparatus provided with a pre-cooling unit for pre-cooling is provided.

  According to a thirty-sixth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the third to thirty-fifth aspects, at least one of incinerated ash, dried sludge, and solid adsorbent carried from outside the system to the melt gasifier Provided is a waste disposal apparatus characterized in that an introduction section for guiding any of them is provided.

  In the invention of claim 37, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 36, gaseous or particulate waste is introduced into the gas reformer in addition to the pyrolysis gas. The present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus characterized by having an introduction part for performing the treatment.

  According to a thirty-eighth aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to thirty-seventh aspects, the solid adsorbent is made of a material made of activated carbon. Provide equipment.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the waste treatment apparatus which concerns on this invention, the gasification of the organic substance contained in waste, further improvement of a recovery rate, prevention of generation | occurrence | production of harmful gas, simplification of removal of the adhering substance to apparatuses, apparatus Excellent practical effects such as a prolonged life and a reduction in cost can be achieved, and a technique for treating waste containing organic matter can be established.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a waste treatment apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a comprehensive waste treatment apparatus that can be widely applied to various kinds of waste will be described together with a treatment method using the same.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment apparatus of the present embodiment has a waste carry-in system 1 for carrying waste a at the first stage. The waste loading system 1 includes, for example, municipal garbage, car shredder dust, waste plastics, construction waste, wood waste, paper waste, textile waste, waste home appliances, waste OA equipment, waste substrates, chlorofluorocarbon-containing insulation, and medical waste. , Contaminated soil and other waste a.

  The waste introduction system 1 is provided with a pretreatment device 2 for crushing, crushing, sorting, drying, sedimentation separation, dehydration, drying, and the like of the introduced waste a. For example, shredder dust and municipal garbage are sorted and dried in the pretreatment device 2 after crushing. Sludge and the like are dehydrated and dried after sedimentation and separation. In the pretreatment device 2, the waste a is crushed to a size of about 50 mm on one side at a maximum. Then, at this stage, the metal powder contained in the waste a is separated and removed by magnetic separation or the like, and the inorganic material and the organic material are mainly sent to the next stage by the waste carry-in system.

  In the waste carry-in system 1, a pyrolysis device 3 is arranged subsequent to the pretreatment device 2. The thermal decomposition apparatus 3 is constituted by, for example, a thermal decomposition furnace such as a rotary kiln capable of receiving waste a processed in the pretreatment apparatus 2 and continuously processing the waste a. Fuel and air are supplied to the pyrolysis device 3 via a fuel supply system 4 and an air supply system 5, and a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of the fuel and air is used as a heat source to shut off air. Then, the waste a is indirectly heated (distilled) at a temperature equal to or higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of the organic substance, that is, at a temperature of 400 to 650 ° C. The organic matter contained in the waste a is thermally decomposed by this indirect heating, and is separated into a pyrolysis gas b and a solid residue c.

  In the present embodiment, by expanding the lower limit of the thermal decomposition temperature to 400 ° C. in this manner, it is possible to increase the processing capacity when processing waste containing a large amount of organic matter that can be thermally decomposed on the low temperature side. As a result, the amount of organic substances discharged to the solid residue c is also reduced, and the organic substances contained in the input waste a can be more effectively gasified.

  Next, the pyrolysis device 3 includes a decomposition gas piping system 6 for extracting the pyrolysis gas b generated by the pyrolysis device 3 and a residue treatment system 7 for processing a solid residue generated by the pyrolysis device 3. Are connected.

  A gas reforming device 8, a gas cooling device 9, and a gas purifying device 10 are sequentially connected to the cracked gas piping system 6 as a plurality of gas processing devices for continuously treating the thermally cracked gas b.

  The gas reformer 8 introduces the oxidizing gas containing air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, and the pyrolysis gas b obtained in the pyrolysis device 3 to form a combustible component contained in the pyrolysis gas b. A reaction is caused between oxygen in the oxidizing gas and a high temperature to convert the high-order hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas b into low-order hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or steam. The oxidizing gas is supplied, for example, from an external supply source via an oxidizing gas supply pipe 11. Further, in the present embodiment, there is a mechanism for additionally introducing and burning fuel. The fuel in this case can be introduced, for example, from the outside via the fuel supply pipe 11a.

  In the gas reformer 8, the heating temperature of the introduced pyrolysis gas b is set in a high temperature range of 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C., and the passage time of the pyrolysis gas b is set to 2 seconds or more. By setting the heating temperature and the heating time, a sufficient gas heating state can be maintained, the higher hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas b can be completely reformed into lower hydrocarbons, etc. Dioxins can also be completely decomposed and made harmless by heating at high temperature.

  Next, the gas cooling device 9 is for rapidly cooling the high-temperature gas reformed by the gas reforming device 8, and for example, a direct cooling device using water spray or the like and an indirect cooling cooling device using a heat exchanger or the like are applied. . Note that both of these direct cooling devices and indirect cooling devices may be applied. In the gas cooling device 9, the cooling temperature of the introduced gas is set to 230 to 160 ° C, preferably 200 to 160 ° C, and the gas passage time is set to several seconds to several tens of seconds.

  By setting the cooling temperature and the cooling time, the gas introduced into the gas cooling device 9 is rapidly cooled. That is, the reformed gas such as lower hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen decomposed in the reformer is cooled down by the rapid cooling action of the gas cooling device 9 to become higher hydrocarbon again. Without returning, the reformed state of the lower hydrocarbons and the like can be maintained as it is. Also, the detoxified elements of dioxins detoxified by decomposition in the reformer can be maintained in a detoxified state without recombination. In other words, in the present embodiment, the temperature of the reformed gas is lowered without giving any change to the property, and the gas is easily used later. it can.

  Since the gas cooling device 9 can heat the cooling water by heat exchange with the high-temperature reformed gas, in the present embodiment, a high-temperature water generation unit that generates high-temperature water and It is configured to have at least one of a steam generating section for generating steam.

  The gas purifying device 10 is for introducing gas quenched by the gas cooling device 9 and purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas. The gas purifying device may be a dust removing device using a filter, a gas washing device using water, a gas cleaning device using an alkaline solution, a gas purifying device using a solid absorbent, a gas purifying device using a solid adsorbent, or two or more of these. A purification treatment device is applied. When a solid adsorbent is used in the present embodiment, a material made of activated carbon is used.

  In order to further improve the purification function, in addition to the above devices, a gas purification device using corona discharge, a gas purification device using a photocatalyst, a gas purification device using ultraviolet light, a gas purification device using ozone, or two or more of these purification processing devices May be provided. For example, if a gas purification device using a photocatalyst is provided, the gas itself having unstable energy can be decomposed.If a gas purification device using corona discharge is provided, harmful gas components are molecularly reduced by corona discharge. Can be destroyed. Therefore, these means are effective in the case where the gas flow rate in the system is increased for the sake of efficiency, and when the gas can be appropriately captured.

  As described above, by introducing a gas cooled to, for example, 230 ° C. by the gas cooling device 9 into the gas purifying device 10, corrosion or the like due to overheating does not occur in the components of the device. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the pain of device damage is minimized, and the life is prolonged.

  Note that a bag filter, a sintered metal-filled filter, or the like can be used as the filter. Further, in the gas washing apparatus, harmful components such as HCl and HF can be removed. Further, as the solid absorbent, an iron-based compound or the like for removing sulfur can be used. As described above, when a material made of activated carbon is used as the solid adsorbent, cyan, Hg vapor, and the like can be removed.

  A pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas purified by the gas purification device 10 is provided downstream of the gas purification device 10. The pressure adjusting means includes a gas compression device 12 provided on the downstream side of the gas purification device 10 and a gas storage device 13 provided on the downstream side of the gas compression device 12.

  The gas compression device 11 pressurizes the gas purified by the gas purification device 10 at the preceding stage, thereby facilitating gas supply to the downstream side. Further, the gas storage device 12 stores a certain amount of gas. Here, since the gas pressure is made uniform, pulsation of the gas supplied to the downstream side is prevented, and the supply gas is stabilized. Can be

  A purification gas supply pipe 14 for supplying a fuel gas or a non-combustion gas material to the inside or outside of the system is provided at the last stage of the decomposition gas piping system 6 which is a stage subsequent to the gas purification device 10. A gas utilization device 15 is connected to the pipe 14. That is, at least a part of the purified and pressure-adjusted gas can be supplied for various uses. For example, a gas engine, a fuel cell, a boiler, or another combustion device can be applied to the gas utilization device 15 for fuel gas. For non-combustible gas, for example, various devices used as a chemical raw material or a reducing gas can be applied.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of return pipes are provided from the last stage of the cracked gas pipe system 6 to each device in the system for returning and using the purified gas.

  In the present embodiment, for example, a reflux pipe 16 that guides at least a part of the purified gas as fuel for heating the pyrolysis device 3 is provided as the reflux pipe.

  Further, a reflux pipe 17 for guiding at least a part of the purified gas as fuel in the gas reformer 8 is provided. As a result, as the fuel additionally introduced into the gas reformer 8, at least one of the fuel introduced from the outside and the purified gas purified and pressure-adjusted by the gas purifier 10 can be applied.

  Further, a reflux pipe 18 for mixing at least a part of the purified gas with the reformed gas introduced into the gas cooling device 9 for lowering the temperature is provided. By supplying the gas cooled through the reflux pipe 18 to the preceding stage of the gas cooling device 9, it serves as a precooling unit for precooling the reformed gas introduced into the gas cooling device 9.

  The cooling temperature of the reformed gas in the precooling section is, for example, 900 ° C. or less. According to this temperature setting, when a mist of ceramics introduced into the gas reforming device 8 from the pyrolysis device 3 and melted is mixed in the decomposition gas a, it is determined that the mist remains in the molten state. The mist can be attached to the inner surface of the pipe, and its removal is extremely difficult. However, by pre-cooling to 900 ° C. or less, the mist can be brought into a solidified state, and the mist can be attached to the pipe in a solid state. . Therefore, in the present embodiment, the mist of the ceramics can be easily dropped only by applying vibration or the like to the pipe, and the removal and the like can be facilitated.

  Furthermore, there is provided a reflux pipe 19 for guiding at least a part of the purified gas as a backwash fluid for a filter used in the gas purification device 10.

  As described above, the purified gas can be used for various purposes in the system. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the gas generated by the decomposition of the organic matter can be widely applied and applied for various purposes inside and outside the system, and gas recycling can be performed very effectively.

  On the other hand, the residue treatment system 7 has a solid residue treatment device 20 and a melt gasification device 21.

  The solid residue treatment device 20 is for introducing the solid residue c obtained by the thermal decomposition device 3 and performing cooling, crushing, crushing or fractionation, or a combination of two or more thereof. In other words, the solid residue treatment device 20 has means for crushing or pulverizing the solid residue c using mechanical force, and has means for separating the solid residue c using static electricity.

  Although not shown, a residue cooling device may be provided as a pre-cooling device in front of the solid residue processing device 20. This residue cooling device is, for example, a device having a water bath and solidifying the introduced dry distillation residue by cooling. As a result, the solidified dry distillation residue taken out of the pyrolysis device 3 is cooled, and then introduced into a mechanical treatment device or the like provided at a subsequent stage.

  The mechanical treatment device includes a pulverizer that pulverizes the solid residue c into finely pulverized particles and pulverizes the dry distillation residue after the pulverization into metal, organic carbonized, and inorganic components. Have been. In the case where this sorter is provided, the sorted metal objects are collected in the previous stage of the melt gasifier 21 and the pyrolysis char mainly composed of organic carbonaceous materials and inorganic components is supplied to the melt gasifier.

  The melt gasifier 21 is for introducing the solid residue c obtained in the pyrolyzer 3 to melt the inorganic component and gasify the carbon component. The melt gasifier 21 has an introduction pipe 22 as an oxidant introduction section for introducing an oxidant containing at least one of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air and air, and a fuel introduction pipe 23 for introducing fuel. A high-temperature field is created by introducing the solid obtained by burning the fuel with the introduced oxidizing agent and obtained by the residue introduction processing device 20 to melt the inorganic component in the solid to form a molten material. The temperature of this high-temperature field is set in the range of 1200 to 1600 ° C., and the carbon component in the solid residue c is gasified to obtain a low-molecular carbon compound-containing gas d.

  Further, a molten gas supply pipe 24 for supplying the gas d obtained by the melt gasifier 21 to the gas purifier 10 for purifying the pyrolysis gas is provided, and in this embodiment, the gas purifier 10 is The combined gas purifier 10 is configured to integrate the pyrolysis gas b and the gas d obtained by the melt gasifier 21 to remove dust and harmful components and purify the combined gas.

  The molten gas supply pipe 24 is provided with a molten gas cooling device 25 that cools the gas obtained by the molten gasifier 21 at a stage preceding the composite gas purification device 10. The molten gas cooling device 25 performs high-speed cooling similarly to the gas cooling device 9 for the pyrolysis gas b.

  The melt gasifier 21 is provided with a slag generator 26 which drops the melt e obtained by the melt gasifier 21 into water in a water tank to form granulated slag. The granulated slag f generated by the slag generation device 26 is obtained by solidifying a molten inorganic material into particles, and can be recycled as a building material or the like.

  As described above, in the melt gasifier 21, the carbon component in the pyrolysis char is gasified to obtain a gas containing a low-molecular hydrocarbon, and the inorganic component is melted and solidified into a glassy state. Can be collected and reused. Then, the high-temperature gas d is rapidly cooled by the molten gas cooler 25 provided on the discharge side of the molten gasifier 21 and supplied to the gas purifying device 10 as described above, and becomes a mixed gas which is combined with the reformed gas. The purifying action described above is performed.

  Further, the melt gasifier 21 is provided with an introduction section 26 for guiding incinerated ash, dried sludge or solid adsorbent carried in from outside the system. Thereby, the disposal of the waste a and the like can be performed efficiently while having the relevance to other incinerators and the like.

  In this embodiment, the efficiency is further improved by providing various piping devices.

  For example, the pyrolysis device 3 is provided with a combustion gas supply pipe 27 that supplies the combustion gas supplied for heating to a device or a pipe as a heating gas. The combustion gas is supplied to the boiler and other heating devices by the combustion gas supply pipe 27, and the heat is effectively used.

  The combustion gas supply pipe 27 is also a pipe that branches, for example, to supply the combustion gas heated by the pyrolysis device 3 to the waste carry-in system 1 as a drying gas. Thereby, the saving of the heating energy in the pretreatment device 2 is achieved.

  Further, the combustion gas supply pipe 27 also serves as a pipe for supplying the combustion gas heated by the pyrolysis device 3 to the high-temperature equipment as a sealing gas. This seal gas can form a high-temperature air curtain at, for example, a high-temperature sliding portion in the system, for example, a sliding portion of a rotary kiln as a pyrolysis furnace. Of course, it can be applied to similar uses outside the system.

  Further, the gas reforming device 8 is provided with an introduction section 28 for introducing gaseous or particulate wastes, separately from the pyrolysis gas b. Therefore, the refrigerant obtained from the waste a of the refrigerating cycle device or the like as applied in the second embodiment described later, and the atomized material such as the impregnated solid thereof are directly introduced into the gas reforming device 8 through the introduction portion 28. It is also possible to use it in a different manner.

  It is also possible to provide a route for introducing waste materials such as filters used in the gas purification device 10 into the melt gasification device 21. It is also possible to provide a device for transporting and regenerating activated carbon as a solid adsorbent through a certain route.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, various wastes including organic matter, for example, municipal waste, waste including shredder dust, waste including waste plastics, waste paper, waste including wood waste or construction waste material Products, waste home appliances or waste OA products, or waste containing their parts or parts, furthermore, medical waste or waste containing their parts or parts, waste containing waste substrates such as electronic equipment, and contamination with harmful substances It can be widely applied to waste including soil, waste including metal, waste including halogen-containing flame retardant, waste including fluorocarbon foam, and the like.

  At this time, extremely useful effects such as further improvement of gasification and recovery of organic substances contained in the waste, detoxification of harmful gases such as dioxin, and extension of the life of the treatment apparatus can be exhibited.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration of a waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of reference numerals

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste carry-in system 2 Pre-processing apparatus 3 Thermal decomposition apparatus 4 Fuel supply system 5 Air supply system 6 Decomposition gas piping system 7 Residual processing system 8 Gas reforming apparatus 9 Gas cooling apparatus 10 Gas purification apparatus 11 Oxidizing gas supply pipe 11a Fuel supply pipe 12 Gas compression device 13 Gas storage device 14 Purified gas supply pipe 15 Gas utilization device 16 Reflux pipe 17 Reflux pipe 18 Reflux pipe 19 Reflux pipe 20 Solid residue treatment device 21 Melt gasifier 22 Intake pipe 23 Fuel introduction pipe 24 Molten gas supply pipe 25 Molten gas cooler 26 Slag generator 27 Combustion gas supply pipe 28 Introducing part a Waste b Pyrolysis gas c Residue d Carbon compound containing gas

Claims (38)

A waste carry-in system for carrying waste, the waste being received from the waste carry-in system, and contained in the waste under an air-blocking state in which a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air is used as a heat source; And a pyrolysis device that decomposes the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C, and a pyrolysis device generated by the pyrolysis device. A cracked gas piping system for extracting the cracked gas, and a plurality of gas processing devices connected to the cracked gas piping system for sequentially processing the cracked gas, wherein at least air, oxygen An oxidizing gas containing enriched air or oxygen and a pyrolytic gas obtained by the pyrolysis device are introduced, and a reaction occurs between a combustible component contained in the pyrolytic gas and oxygen in the oxidizing gas. Cause the heat A gas reforming device for converting high-order hydrocarbons in the cracked gas into low-order hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and steam in a temperature range of 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C .; A gas cooling device for quenching the high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C., and a gas quenched by the gas cooling device, which is disposed at a subsequent stage of the gas cooling device. A gas purifier for purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, and as a gas processing device connected to the decomposition gas piping system, further comprising a gas purifier for purifying the gas purified by the gas purifier. It has pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure, and the pressure adjusting means is connected to a purified gas supply pipe for supplying the purified gas after the pressure adjustment into or out of the system as a fuel gas or a non-combustible gas material. Processing apparatus of the waste to be. A waste delivery system for delivering waste, and a pretreatment provided in the waste delivery system for introducing and receiving the waste and crushing, crushing, sorting or drying, or two or more kinds of these treatments Device, connected to the pretreatment device, receives the treated waste, and removes organic substances contained in the waste under an air cutoff state using a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air as a heat source. A pyrolysis device for performing indirect heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the pyrolysis temperature to decompose the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C .; and a pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis device. And a plurality of gas processing devices connected to the decomposition gas piping system for sequentially processing the pyrolysis gas, wherein at least air, oxygen-enriched air is used as the gas processing device. Or acid Introducing an oxidizing gas containing the pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis apparatus, causing a reaction between a combustible component contained in the pyrolysis gas and oxygen in the oxidizing gas, A gas reformer for converting high-order hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas into low-order hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and steam in a temperature range of 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C .; And a gas cooling device for rapidly cooling the high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C., and a gas that is disposed downstream of the gas cooling device and is rapidly cooled by the gas cooling device. And a gas purification device for purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, and further comprising a gas purified by the gas purification device as a gas treatment device connected to the decomposition gas piping system. Pressure adjustment A waste gas characterized by having a pressure adjusting means connected to a purified gas supply pipe for supplying the purified gas after the pressure adjustment into or out of the system as a fuel gas or a non-combustible gas material; Processing equipment. A waste carry-in system for carrying waste, the waste being received from the waste carry-in system, and contained in the waste under an air-blocking state in which a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air is used as a heat source; And a pyrolysis device that decomposes the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C, and a pyrolysis device generated by the pyrolysis device. A pyrolysis gas piping system for extracting pyrolysis gas, a plurality of gas processing devices connected to the pyrolysis gas piping system for sequentially processing the pyrolysis gas, and a solid residue generated in the pyrolysis device; A residue treatment system, and introducing at least air, an oxygen-enriched air or an oxidizing gas containing oxygen and a pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis device as the gas processing device, Can be included in A reaction occurs between the components and oxygen in the oxidizing gas, and the higher hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas are converted into lower hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, in a temperature range of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C. A gas reforming device that converts the gas into steam, a gas cooling device that is disposed downstream of the gas reforming device, and rapidly cools a high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C .; A gas purification device arranged at a later stage of the cooling device and introducing a gas quenched by the gas cooling device and purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, and at least as the residue treatment system A gas processing device connected to the cracked gas piping system, the device including a melt gasifier for introducing the solid residue obtained by the pyrolyzer to melt the inorganic component and gasify the carbon component. And a pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas purified by the gas purifying apparatus. The pressure adjusting means includes a fuel gas or a non-fuel gas which is supplied with the purified gas after the pressure adjustment into or out of the system. A waste treatment apparatus, wherein a purification gas supply pipe for supplying as a material is connected. A waste delivery system for delivering waste, and a pretreatment provided in the waste delivery system for introducing and receiving the waste and crushing, crushing, sorting or drying, or two or more kinds of these treatments Device, connected to the pretreatment device, receives the treated waste, and removes organic substances contained in the waste under an air cutoff state using a high-temperature combustion gas obtained by combustion of fuel and air as a heat source. A pyrolysis device for performing indirect heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the pyrolysis temperature to decompose the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a solid residue in a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C .; and a pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis device. A cracked gas piping system for extracting the gas; a plurality of gas treatment devices connected to the cracked gas piping system for sequentially treating the pyrolysis gas; and a residue treatment for treating a solid residue generated in the pyrolysis device. With the system, before As a gas processing device, at least air, oxygen-enriched air or an oxidizing gas containing oxygen and a pyrolysis gas obtained by the pyrolysis device are introduced, and a combustible component contained in the pyrolysis gas and the oxidation A reaction is caused between oxygen in the agent gas and high-order hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gas are converted into low-order hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and steam in a temperature range of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C. A gas reforming device, a gas cooling device disposed downstream of the gas reforming device, for rapidly cooling the high-temperature gas reformed by the reforming device to a temperature of 230 to 160 ° C., and a gas downstream of the gas cooling device. And a gas purifying device for introducing gas quenched by the gas cooling device and purifying dust and harmful components contained in the gas, and at least the heat component as the residue treatment system. The apparatus has a melt gasifier for introducing the solid residue obtained by the apparatus, melting the inorganic component and gasifying the carbon component, and as a gas processing device connected to the decomposition gas piping system, further includes the gas The apparatus has pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the gas purified by the purifying device, and the pressure adjusting means supplies the purified gas after the pressure adjustment to the inside or outside of the system as a fuel gas or a non-combustible gas material. A waste treatment device to which a supply pipe is connected. The waste gas treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion gas supplied to the pyrolysis apparatus is supplied to at least one of an apparatus and a pipe as a heating gas. A waste treatment apparatus characterized by comprising: The waste gas treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the combustion gas supply pipe is a pipe that supplies the combustion gas heated by the pyrolysis device to the waste carry-in system as a drying gas. Waste treatment equipment. 6. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the combustion gas supply pipe is a pipe that supplies the combustion gas heated by the pyrolysis device to a device as a sealing gas. Processing equipment. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the gas reforming apparatus has a mechanism for additionally introducing and burning fuel. 9. The waste treatment device according to claim 8, wherein the fuel additionally introduced into the gas reforming device is at least one of a fuel introduced from outside and a purified gas purified by the purification device. Waste treatment equipment. 10. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the oxidizing gas, the fuel, and the purification gas to be introduced is preheated before the gas reforming apparatus. 11. A waste treatment device comprising a part. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the gas reformer sets a heating temperature of the introduced pyrolysis gas in a range of 900 to 1200 ° C and the pyrolysis gas. A wastewater treatment apparatus, wherein the passage time of the waste is set to 2 seconds or more. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a pre-cooling unit that pre-cools the temperature of the reformed gas to be introduced to 900 ° C or lower, before the gas cooling apparatus. Waste treatment equipment. 13. The apparatus for treating waste according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the gas cooling device sets a cooling temperature of the introduced gas to 230 to 160 ° C and sets a passage time of the gas to several seconds to several seconds. A waste treatment apparatus characterized by being set for ten seconds. 14. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the gas cooling device has one or both of a direct cooling device using water spray and an indirect cooling cooling using a heat exchanger. A waste treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the gas cooling device has at least one of a high-temperature water generation unit that generates high-temperature water and a steam generation unit that generates steam. Characteristic waste treatment equipment. 16. The apparatus for treating waste according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the gas purifying device is a dust removing device using a filter, a gas washing device using water, a gas washing device using an alkaline solution, and a gas using a solid absorbent. A waste treatment device, which is a purification device, a gas purification device using a solid adsorbent, or two or more of these purification treatment devices. 17. The apparatus for treating waste according to claim 16, wherein in addition to the gas purifier, a gas purifier using corona discharge, a gas purifier using a photocatalyst, a gas purifier using ultraviolet light or a gas purifier using ozone, or two or more of these gas purifiers A waste treatment device provided with a purification treatment device. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 17, wherein a gas compression device is provided downstream of the gas purification device. 19. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 18, wherein a gas storage device is provided downstream of the gas compression device. 20. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising a reflux pipe that guides at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purification apparatus as a fuel for heating the pyrolysis apparatus. Waste treatment device characterized by the above-mentioned. 21. The waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein a reflux pipe is provided for guiding at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purification device as fuel in the gas reforming device. Waste treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 22. The apparatus for treating waste according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purifier is reduced to a reformed gas introduced into the gas cooling device. A waste treatment apparatus, comprising: a reflux pipe for mixing the waste. 23. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 22, wherein at least a part of the gas purified from a later stage of the gas purification device is guided as a backwash fluid of a filter used in the gas purification device. A waste treatment device provided with a reflux pipe. 24. The apparatus for treating waste according to claim 1, wherein a gas engine, a fuel cell, or other combustion operated using at least a part of the purified gas as fuel at a stage subsequent to the gas purification apparatus. A waste treatment device to which a device is connected. 25. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein an apparatus for applying at least a part of the purified gas as a chemical raw material or a reducing gas is provided at a subsequent stage of the gas purification apparatus. Waste treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 26. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the residue treatment system introduces a solid residue obtained by the pyrolysis apparatus, and cools, crushes, crushes, separates, and separates the metal. A waste treatment device comprising a solid residue treatment device for removing components, adjusting components by adding inorganic components, or performing a combination treatment of two or more of these components. 3. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the solid residue treatment apparatus has means for performing at least one of crushing and pulverization of the solid residue by using mechanical force. Processing equipment. 3. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the solid residue treatment apparatus has means for separating the solid residue using static electricity. 29. The waste treatment device according to claim 26, wherein the solid residue treatment device is provided in a stage preceding the melt gasification device. 30. The apparatus for treating waste according to any one of claims 3 to 29, wherein the melt gasifier is configured to introduce an oxidant containing at least one of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, and air. A high-temperature field created by burning the fuel with the introduced oxidant, introducing the solid obtained by the residue introduction treatment device, melting the inorganic component in the solid, and forming a molten material. A waste treatment apparatus characterized in that a gas containing a low-molecular carbon compound is obtained by gasification of a carbon component in the solid in a high-temperature field. 31. The apparatus for treating waste according to any one of claims 3 to 30, wherein the melt gasifier is configured to set a temperature at which the introduced solid residue is melted and gasified within a range of 1200 to 1600 ° C. Waste treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The waste treatment device according to any one of claims 3 to 31, further comprising a molten gas supply pipe configured to supply a gas obtained by the melt gasification device to the gas purification device for purifying pyrolysis gas, The gas purifier is a combined gas purifier that integrates the pyrolysis gas and the gas obtained by the melt gasifier to remove dust or harmful components and purify the waste gas. Equipment for processing objects. 33. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the molten gas supply pipe is provided with a molten gas cooling device that cools the gas obtained by the molten gasifier at a stage preceding the composite gas purification device. Waste treatment equipment. 34. The apparatus for treating waste according to any one of claims 3 to 33, further comprising a slag generating device for dropping a melt obtained by the melt gasifier into water to be granulated slag. Waste treatment equipment. 35. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 34, further comprising a pre-cooling unit configured to pre-cool the solid residue discharged from the pyrolysis device before introducing the solid residue into the solid residue treatment device. Waste treatment device characterized by the above-mentioned. 36. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 35, wherein the melt gasification apparatus has an introduction portion that guides at least one of incineration ash, dry sludge, and solid adsorbents carried in from outside the system. A waste treatment device, characterized in that it is provided. 37. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the gas reforming apparatus is provided with an introduction section for introducing gaseous or particulate waste in addition to the pyrolysis gas. Waste treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the solid adsorbent is made of a material made of activated carbon.

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