JP4472048B2 - How to improve soft ground - Google Patents
How to improve soft ground Download PDFInfo
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- JP4472048B2 JP4472048B2 JP15455099A JP15455099A JP4472048B2 JP 4472048 B2 JP4472048 B2 JP 4472048B2 JP 15455099 A JP15455099 A JP 15455099A JP 15455099 A JP15455099 A JP 15455099A JP 4472048 B2 JP4472048 B2 JP 4472048B2
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- Prior art keywords
- ash
- cao
- ground
- soft ground
- improvement material
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、軟弱地盤の改良方法に関するものであり、さらに詳しくは、従来廃棄されていた製紙スラッジ灰を有効利用した軟弱地盤の改良方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
製紙スラッジ灰は、製紙工程で発生する短繊維を主体とするスラッジを焼却処理して発生する廃棄物であり、従来そのほとんどは埋め立て等により処理されている。
現在、製紙スラッジ灰は、鉄の酸化防止剤やアスファルト充填材、肥料、建築ボード増量材等として一部が再利用されている。
この他、特開平９−２４９４４６号公報には、石炭灰に、製紙スラッジ灰、廃タイヤ乾留炭化物、可燃性ゴミ乾留炭化物、粘土を配合し、水を加えて成形した後、仮焼して、石炭灰を再生し、これを製鋼用保温材等に用いる方法が開示されている。
また、特開平５−３４６０１８号公報には、軟弱性の掘削土を改良するために製紙スラッジから生成した微細繊維質を掘削土に添加する方法が開示されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のように製紙スラッジ灰を鉄の酸化防止剤やアスファルト充填材、肥料、建築ボード増量材等として再利用する方法は、大量に発生する製紙スラッジ灰を僅かな一部分としてしか利用することができない。
また、特開平９−２４９４４６号公報に開示された方法は、製紙スラッジ灰の再利用に高いコストがかかり、実用的ではないという欠点がある。
さらに特開平５−３４６０１８号公報に開示された方法は、製紙スラッジから微細繊維質を得るのに手間がかかり、また、必ずしも所望の効果が得られないという欠点がある。
したがって本発明の目的は、従来廃棄されていた製紙スラッジ灰を有効利用することにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、上記のような従来の課題を解決することができた。すなわち本発明は、製紙スラッジ灰の成分を分析する第１工程と、軟弱地盤の所望の強度増加を得るに必要なＣａＯ量（ＣａＯ基準量）を求める第２工程と、前記第１工程で分析された製紙スラッジ灰中のＣａＯ量が、前記第２工程で得られたＣａＯ基準量に満たない場合、石炭灰および／または生石灰を前記製紙スラッジ灰に添加し、前記ＣａＯ基準量を満たす地盤改良材を調製する第３工程と、前記地盤改良材を軟弱地盤に適用する第４工程と、を有する軟弱地盤の改良方法を提供するものである。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の地盤改良材は、従来廃棄されていた製紙スラッジ灰を有効利用するものである。製紙スラッジ灰は、製紙工程で発生する短繊維を主体とするスラッジの焼却処理により発生する灰分である。製紙スラッジ灰の特長として、排出する場所によりその成分が大きくなることが挙げられる。次の表１は、製紙工場から排出された４サンプル（Ａ灰〜Ｄ灰）の成分分析（Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｌ、Ｂ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｓｉ、Ｍｇ）を行った結果を示すものである。
【０００６】
【表１】
この表１によれば、各種成分元素にバラツキがあることが分かる。本発明者らは、例えば特開平５−３４６０１８号公報に開示された方法に必ずしも所望の効果が得られないのは、製紙スラッジの構成成分がその生成場所により相違するのではないかという観点に立ち検討した結果、ＣａＯが地盤改良効果に大きく寄与することを見いだした。
【０００８】
本発明の地盤改良材は、軟弱地盤を所望の強度まで高め得るに十分なＣａＯ量を含有する製紙スラッジ灰を有効成分とするものである。製紙スラッジ灰に含まれるべきＣａＯの量は、軟弱地盤の土質や、その含水率等により変化し、また軟弱地盤の所望の強化度合に基づく製紙スラッジ灰の適用量等によっても変化するものでもあるので、状況に応じて適宜決定することができる。
例えば、本発明の地盤改良材には、ＣａＯが５〜２０重量％、好ましくは１０〜２０重量％含まれるのが望ましい。さらに具体的には、含水率１００％程度の軟弱地盤にはＣａＯを１０〜２０重量％含む地盤改良材を２０重量％程度添加するのがよい。
【０００９】
本発明の地盤改良材を軟弱地盤に適用した際に、地盤の強化に乏しいと判断された場合には、石炭灰を地盤改良材に配合するのが望ましい。石炭灰には適当量のＣａＯが含まれ、また周知にように石炭灰には水硬性があるので、軟弱地盤改良に良好な効果を提供することができる。
石炭灰は、本発明の地盤改良材において、１０〜３０重量％含まれるのが好ましい。
【００１０】
また本発明の地盤改良材には、必要に応じて生石灰を添加し、ＣａＯ分を補充することができる。生石灰の添加は、上記の石炭灰の添加と組み合わせて、あるいは組み合わせずに行うことができる。
【００１１】
本発明の地盤改良材において、生石灰の添加が、どの程度地盤改良材の水硬性に影響を及ぼすのか、実験を行った。製紙工場で排出された８サンプル（Ａ灰〜Ｈ灰）の製紙スラッジ灰に対し、３重量％の生石灰を添加し、締固め、その一軸圧縮強度を測定した。結果を図１に示す。
図１から、発現した強度は生石灰無添加の場合に比べて高められていることが分かる。
ここで強度の増加が認められないＡ灰は、未燃分の多いことが判明した。すなわち、有機質の多い製紙スラッジ灰は強度の発現に悪影響を及ぼすことが分かった。したがって、使用する製紙スラッジ灰はできる限り有機質を含まない程度に高温で燃焼したものを選択するのが望ましい。また、製紙スラッジ灰の製造後の保管は、でいる限り湿気を避けた密閉状態で行うのが望ましい。
【００１２】
このように本発明の地盤改良材は、製紙スラッジ灰を有効成分とし、必要に応じて石炭灰および／または生石灰を併用するものであるが、ここで、本発明の地盤改良材を調製するステップを、以下、例示する。
図２は、本発明の地盤改良材を調製するステップを説明するための図である。ステップＳ１で製紙スラッジ灰（ＰＳ灰）を分析する。次にステップＳ２において、ＣａＯ基準量（軟弱地盤の所望の強度増加を得るに必要なＣａＯ量）を別に求める。なおこのＣａＯ基準量は、軟弱地盤の強度増加の所望の度合によって異なる。すなわち、軟弱地盤であるがために掘削が困難な地盤を、掘削が可能になる程度の強度にまで高めればよい場合には、それに応じたＣａＯ量でよいことになる。軟弱地盤の改良には、往々にして掘削可能な程度までの強度が発現すればよいことが多い。続いてステップＳ３で、ＰＳ灰のみを有効成分とする地盤改良材で軟弱地盤の強度改善が可能かどうかを判定する。ＹＥＳと判定された場合には、必要十分量の地盤改良材を軟弱地盤に適用する。ＮＯと判定された場合には、ステップＳ４において、石炭灰を添加し、ＰＳ灰および石炭灰を有効成分とする地盤改良材で軟弱地盤の強度改善が可能かどうかを判定する。ＹＥＳと判定された場合には、必要十分量の地盤改良材を軟弱地盤に適用する。ＮＯと判定された場合には、ステップＳ５において、さらに生石灰を添加する。なお、上記の説明では、石炭灰および生石灰を併用する態様について述べたものであるが、どちらか一方の添加でＣａＯ基準量を満たしてもよい。
【００１３】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに説明する。
（実施例１）
含水比２５重量％、ＣＢＲ１の軟弱土についてＰＳ灰２０重量％の改良でＣＢＲが４５まで改良された。なお、前記ＰＳ灰は、ＣａＯを約１２重量％含むものである。
【００１４】
（実施例２）
含水比１１５重量％、ＣＢＲ０．７の軟弱土についてＰＳ灰２０重量％の改良でＣＢＲが１０まで改良された。なお、前記ＰＳ灰は、ＣａＯを約１２重量％含むものである。
【００１５】
（実施例３）
含水比２５％、ＣＢＲ１の軟弱土についてＰＳ灰２０重量％および石炭灰２０重量％の改良でＣＢＲが５５まで改良された。なお、前記ＰＳ灰は、ＣａＯを約１２重量％含むものである。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、製紙スラッジ灰を地盤改良材として再現性よく有効に、かつ低コストで使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】製紙工場で排出された８サンプルの製紙スラッジ灰に対し、３重量％の生石灰を添加し、締固め、その一軸圧縮強度を測定した結果を示す図である。
【図２】本発明の地盤改良材を調製するステップを説明するための図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for improving soft ground , and more particularly, to a method for improving soft ground using paper sludge ash that has been conventionally discarded.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Papermaking sludge ash is waste generated by incineration of sludge mainly composed of short fibers generated in the papermaking process, and most of them have been treated by landfill or the like.
Currently, paper sludge ash is partially reused as iron antioxidants, asphalt fillers, fertilizers, building board extenders and the like.
In addition, in JP-A-9-249446, the coal ash is mixed with paper sludge ash, waste tire carbonized carbide, combustible garbage carbonized carbide, clay, and after adding water and molding, calcining, A method is disclosed in which coal ash is regenerated and used as a heat insulating material for steel making.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-346018 discloses a method of adding fine fibers produced from papermaking sludge to excavated soil in order to improve soft excavated soil.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method of reusing paper sludge ash as an iron antioxidant, asphalt filler, fertilizer, building board extender, etc., as described above, uses paper sludge ash generated in large quantities only as a small part. I can't.
In addition, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-249446 has a drawback that it is expensive to reuse paper sludge ash and is not practical.
Furthermore, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-346018 has a drawback that it takes time to obtain fine fibers from papermaking sludge, and a desired effect cannot always be obtained.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to effectively utilize papermaking sludge ash that has been conventionally discarded.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have been able to solve the conventional problems as described above. That is, the present invention analyzes the first step of analyzing the components of the papermaking sludge ash, the second step of obtaining the CaO amount (CaO reference amount) necessary for obtaining the desired strength increase of the soft ground, and the first step. When the amount of CaO in the produced papermaking sludge ash is less than the CaO reference amount obtained in the second step, coal ash and / or quick lime is added to the papermaking sludge ash to improve the ground satisfying the CaO reference amount The present invention provides a method for improving soft ground, which includes a third step of preparing a material and a fourth step of applying the ground improvement material to soft ground .
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The ground improvement material of the present invention effectively utilizes papermaking sludge ash that has been conventionally discarded. Papermaking sludge ash is an ash generated by incineration of sludge mainly composed of short fibers generated in the papermaking process. A characteristic of papermaking sludge ash is that its components increase depending on the location where it is discharged. The following Table 1 performed component analysis (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cl, B, Al, Ca, Si, Mg) of four samples (A ash to D ash) discharged from the paper mill. The result is shown.
[0006]
[Table 1]
According to Table 1, it can be seen that there are variations in various component elements. The inventors of the present invention, for example, do not necessarily obtain the desired effect in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-346018, in view of whether the constituent components of the papermaking sludge differ depending on the generation location. As a result of standing examination, it was found that CaO greatly contributes to the ground improvement effect.
[0008]
The ground improvement material of the present invention comprises paper sludge ash containing a sufficient amount of CaO to increase the soft ground to a desired strength. The amount of CaO to be included in papermaking sludge ash varies depending on the soil quality of soft ground, its moisture content, etc., and also varies depending on the amount of paper sludge ash applied based on the desired degree of strengthening of soft ground. Therefore, it can be determined appropriately according to the situation.
For example, the ground improvement material of the present invention desirably contains 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of CaO. More specifically, it is preferable to add about 20% by weight of a ground improvement material containing 10 to 20% by weight of CaO to soft ground having a water content of about 100%.
[0009]
When the ground improvement material of the present invention is applied to soft ground, it is desirable to add coal ash to the ground improvement material when it is judged that the ground is not sufficiently strengthened. Coal ash contains an appropriate amount of CaO and, as is well known, because coal ash has hydraulic properties, it can provide a good effect on soft ground improvement.
In the ground improvement material of the present invention, coal ash is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight.
[0010]
Moreover, the ground improvement material of this invention can add quick lime as needed, and can replenish a CaO content. The addition of quicklime can be performed in combination with or without the addition of the above coal ash.
[0011]
In the ground improvement material of the present invention, an experiment was conducted to determine how much the addition of quicklime affects the hydraulic properties of the ground improvement material. To 8 samples (A ash to H ash) of paper sludge ash discharged from a paper mill, 3% by weight of quicklime was added and compacted, and its uniaxial compressive strength was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
From FIG. 1, it can be seen that the developed strength is increased compared to the case where quicklime is not added.
Here, it was found that the A ash in which the increase in strength was not observed has a large amount of unburned content. That is, it was found that papermaking sludge ash with a large amount of organic matter has an adverse effect on strength development. Accordingly, it is desirable to select paper sludge ash to be used that has been burned at a high temperature to the extent that it does not contain organic matter as much as possible. In addition, it is desirable that the paper sludge ash is stored after being manufactured in a sealed state avoiding moisture as long as it is exposed.
[0012]
As described above, the ground improvement material of the present invention comprises paper sludge ash as an active ingredient, and coal ash and / or quick lime is used in combination as necessary. Here, the step of preparing the ground improvement material of the present invention Is exemplified below.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining steps for preparing the ground improvement material of the present invention. In step S1, papermaking sludge ash (PS ash) is analyzed. Next, in step S2, a CaO reference amount (a CaO amount necessary for obtaining a desired increase in strength of the soft ground) is obtained separately. The reference amount of CaO varies depending on the desired degree of increase in strength of the soft ground. That is, when the ground that is difficult to excavate due to the soft ground should be increased to such a strength that excavation is possible, the CaO amount corresponding to that is sufficient. In order to improve soft ground, it is often only necessary to develop strength to the extent that excavation is possible. Subsequently, in step S3, it is determined whether or not the strength of the soft ground can be improved with the ground improvement material containing only PS ash as an active ingredient. When it is determined YES, a necessary and sufficient amount of ground improvement material is applied to the soft ground. When it determines with NO, in step S4, coal ash is added and it is determined whether the strength improvement of a soft ground is possible with the ground improvement material which uses PS ash and coal ash as an active ingredient. When it is determined YES, a necessary and sufficient amount of ground improvement material is applied to the soft ground. When it is determined NO, quick lime is further added in step S5. In addition, in said description, although the aspect using coal ash and quicklime was described together, CaO reference | standard amount may be satisfy | filled by either addition.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described by examples.
Example 1
CBR was improved to 45 by improving
[0014]
(Example 2)
CBR was improved to 10 by improving 20% by weight of PS ash for soft soil having a water content of 115% by weight and CBR of 0.7. The PS ash contains about 12% by weight of CaO.
[0015]
(Example 3)
The CBR was improved to 55 with the improvement of 20% PS ash and 20% coal ash for soft soil with a water content of 25% and CBR1. The PS ash contains about 12% by weight of CaO.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, papermaking sludge ash can be used effectively with good reproducibility and at low cost as a ground improvement material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of adding 3% by weight of quicklime to 8 samples of papermaking sludge ash discharged from a paper mill and measuring the uniaxial compressive strength.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining steps for preparing a ground improvement material of the present invention.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15455099A JP4472048B2 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-06-02 | How to improve soft ground |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15486698 | 1998-06-03 | ||
| JP10-154866 | 1998-06-03 | ||
| JP15455099A JP4472048B2 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-06-02 | How to improve soft ground |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000053960A JP2000053960A (en) | 2000-02-22 |
| JP4472048B2 true JP4472048B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15455099A Expired - Lifetime JP4472048B2 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-06-02 | How to improve soft ground |
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| JP (1) | JP4472048B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020015850A (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-02 | 전홍건 | The sanitary landfill cover use of seawage sludge and fly ash, and Prepared method thereof |
| JP5596942B2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2014-09-24 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Treatment method of bottom sediment |
| JP6456417B2 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-01-23 | 株式会社ランド | Liquid-solidified composition and solidified body |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5711867A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-01-21 | Onoda Cement Co Ltd | Hydraulic composition |
| JPH05106218A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-04-27 | Raito Kogyo Co Ltd | Disposal method for waste sludge for construction work |
| JPH0813413A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-16 | Nichireki Co Ltd | Improvement method for poor subgrade soil |
| JP4536181B2 (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 2010-09-01 | 株式会社フジタ | Ground excavation method |
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| JP2000053960A (en) | 2000-02-22 |
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