JP4470528B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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JP4470528B2
JP4470528B2 JP2004059091A JP2004059091A JP4470528B2 JP 4470528 B2 JP4470528 B2 JP 4470528B2 JP 2004059091 A JP2004059091 A JP 2004059091A JP 2004059091 A JP2004059091 A JP 2004059091A JP 4470528 B2 JP4470528 B2 JP 4470528B2
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fuel cell
air
heat exchanger
supply device
cooling
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JP2005251521A (en
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晋 市川
章 山中
恵津夫 長谷川
幸彦 武田
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Denso Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Description

本発明は、水素と酸素の電気化学反応により電気エネルギを発生する燃料電池システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell system that generates electric energy by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

特許文献1に記載の従来の燃料電池システムは、燃料電池にカソードエアを供給する空気供給装置(コンプレッサ、ブロワ、スーパーチャージャー等)と、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器に送風する熱交換器用ファンとを備え、熱交換器用ファンによる冷却風の一部を、燃料電池のカソードエアとして用いるようにしている。
特開2002−165310号公報
The conventional fuel cell system described in Patent Document 1 includes an air supply device (compressor, blower, supercharger, etc.) that supplies cathode air to the fuel cell, a heat exchanger fan that blows air to the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger, A part of the cooling air from the heat exchanger fan is used as cathode air for the fuel cell.
JP 2002-165310 A

しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の燃料電池システムは、空気供給装置および熱交換器用ファンをともに備えているため、燃料電池システムが複雑で、高コストである。   However, since the fuel cell system described in Patent Document 1 includes both the air supply device and the heat exchanger fan, the fuel cell system is complicated and expensive.

本発明は上記点に鑑みて、燃料電池システムのコストダウン及びシステム簡略化を図ることを目的とする。   In view of the above points, an object of the present invention is to reduce the cost and simplify the system of a fuel cell system.

上記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明では、車両に搭載される燃料電池システムであって、水素と空気中の酸素とを電気化学反応させて電気エネルギを発生させる燃料電池(1)と、燃料電池(1)を冷却する冷却水と空気との熱交換を行う燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)と、燃料電池(1)および燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)に空気を供給する1つの空気供給装置(2)とを備え、1つの空気供給装置(2)のみによって燃料電池(1)および燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)に空気が供給され、空気流れ上流側から下流側に向かって、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)、空気供給装置(2)、燃料電池(1)の順に配置され、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)と空気供給装置(2)との間に、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)を通過する空気の量を調整する開閉弁(5)を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system mounted on a vehicle, wherein the fuel cell (1) generates electric energy by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air. ), A fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) for exchanging heat between the cooling water for cooling the fuel cell (1) and air, and the fuel cell (1) and the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a). with one air supply device (2) for supplying air, air is supplied to one of the air supply device (2) fuel cell only by (1) and the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a), the air From the upstream side to the downstream side, the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a), the air supply device (2), and the fuel cell (1) are arranged in this order. The fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) and the air Fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (2) between supply device (2) close valve for adjusting the amount of air passing through the a) to be provided with (5), characterized.

これによると、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器を通過する空気の量を調整して、燃料電池を冷却する冷却水の温度を適切な温度に調整することができる。   According to this, the amount of air passing through the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger can be adjusted, and the temperature of the cooling water for cooling the fuel cell can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature.

請求項に記載の発明のように、冷却水の温度、燃料電池(1)に供給される空気の量、および車両の走行速度のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて、開閉弁(5)の開度を制御することができる。 As in the second aspect of the invention, based on at least one of the temperature of the cooling water, the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell (1), and the traveling speed of the vehicle, the on-off valve (5) The opening degree can be controlled.

請求項に記載の発明のように、開閉弁(5)は、ラム圧利用による燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)を通過する空気の量の増大の為に用いることができる。
As in the third aspect of the invention, the on-off valve (5) can be used to increase the amount of air passing through the heat exchanger (3a) for cooling the fuel cell by using ram pressure.

なお、上記各手段の括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。   In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each said means shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

本発明の一実施形態について説明する。図1は一実施形態に係る燃料電池システムを搭載した燃料電池自動車の全体構成を模式的に示す図であり、この燃料電池自動車は、燃料電池を電源として走行する電気自動車である。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell system according to an embodiment. This fuel cell vehicle is an electric vehicle that runs using a fuel cell as a power source.

図1に示すように、燃料電池自動車は、水素と酸素との電気化学反応を利用して電力を発生する燃料電池(FCスタック)1を備えている。燃料電池1は、図示しないインバータ等の電気機器に電力を供給するように構成されている。インバータは、燃料電池1から供給された直流電流を交流電流に変換して走行用モータに供給してモータを駆動する。   As shown in FIG. 1, a fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell (FC stack) 1 that generates electric power by utilizing an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The fuel cell 1 is configured to supply electric power to an electric device such as an inverter (not shown). The inverter converts the direct current supplied from the fuel cell 1 into an alternating current and supplies it to the traveling motor to drive the motor.

燃料電池1には、空気供給装置2により燃料電池カソード側(空気側)に空気が送られるようになっている。空気供給装置2は、具体的には、ブロワ、コンプレッサあるいはスーパーチャージャーである。   Air is sent to the fuel cell 1 from the air supply device 2 to the fuel cell cathode side (air side). Specifically, the air supply device 2 is a blower, a compressor, or a supercharger.

燃料電池1は、発電の際の電気化学反応により熱が発生するため、燃料電池システムには燃料電池1で発生した熱を系外に放出するための冷却システムが設けられている。この冷却システムには、燃料電池1を冷却する冷却水(以下、燃料電池冷却水という)と空気との熱交換を行う燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aが含まれている。   Since the fuel cell 1 generates heat due to an electrochemical reaction during power generation, the fuel cell system is provided with a cooling system for releasing the heat generated in the fuel cell 1 out of the system. This cooling system includes a fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a that exchanges heat between cooling water for cooling the fuel cell 1 (hereinafter referred to as fuel cell cooling water) and air.

この燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aは、車両前方部に配置され、走行時にラム圧が作用するようになっている。また、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aは、空気供給装置2の吸気が全て燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aを通過するようにさせるためのダクト4に収納されている。   The fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a is disposed in the front part of the vehicle so that the ram pressure acts during traveling. The fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a is housed in a duct 4 for allowing all the intake air of the air supply device 2 to pass through the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a.

ダクト4には、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aとともに他の熱交換器3bも収納されている。他の熱交換器3bとしては、走行用モータを含む電気機器を冷却する冷却水と空気との熱交換を行う電気機器用ラジエータ、空気供給装置2を冷却する冷却水と空気との熱交換を行う空気供給装置用ラジエータ、エアコン用のガスクーラあるいはコンデンサ等の熱交換器があり、これらのうちの少なくとも1つがダクト4に収納されている。   The duct 4 accommodates another heat exchanger 3b as well as the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a. As another heat exchanger 3b, a radiator for electric equipment that performs heat exchange between cooling water and air that cools the electric equipment including the traveling motor, and heat exchange between cooling water and air that cools the air supply device 2 are performed. There is a heat exchanger such as a radiator for an air supply device to be performed, a gas cooler for an air conditioner, or a condenser, and at least one of them is accommodated in the duct 4.

以下、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aおよび他の熱交換器3bを総称する場合は、熱交換器3という。   Hereinafter, the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a and other heat exchangers 3b are collectively referred to as the heat exchanger 3.

ダクト4には開口部41が形成されており、この開口部41は開閉弁5にて開閉されるようになっている。この開閉弁5は、開口部41を開閉することにより、熱交換器3を通過する空気の量を調整するものであり、燃料電池冷却水の温度、燃料電池1に供給される空気の量、車両の走行速度等に基づいて、作動が制御されるようになっている。   An opening 41 is formed in the duct 4, and the opening 41 is opened and closed by the opening / closing valve 5. This on-off valve 5 adjusts the amount of air passing through the heat exchanger 3 by opening and closing the opening 41, and the temperature of the fuel cell cooling water, the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell 1, The operation is controlled based on the traveling speed of the vehicle.

上記構成において、燃料電池1の運転中には、空気供給装置2が作動して、燃料電池カソード側に空気が送られる。この空気は、熱交換器3→空気供給装置2→燃料電池1の順に流れ、熱交換器3を通過する際に冷却水等と熱交換する。   In the above configuration, during operation of the fuel cell 1, the air supply device 2 operates to send air to the fuel cell cathode side. This air flows in the order of the heat exchanger 3 → the air supply device 2 → the fuel cell 1, and exchanges heat with cooling water or the like when passing through the heat exchanger 3.

低負荷(燃料電池1の発電量小)時のように、燃料電池1の発熱が少なくて、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aからの放熱により燃料電池冷却水の温度が低くなりすぎた場合は、開閉弁5を作動させて開口部41を開く。これにより、空気供給装置2が吸い込む空気の一部は開口部41から導入され、したがって、熱交換器3を通過する空気の量が減少し、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aの放熱量が減少して、燃料電池冷却水の温度が適温に調節される。   When the temperature of the fuel cell cooling water is too low due to heat dissipation from the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a, such as when the load is low (the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 1 is small) Then, the opening / closing valve 5 is operated to open the opening 41. As a result, a part of the air sucked by the air supply device 2 is introduced from the opening 41, so that the amount of air passing through the heat exchanger 3 is reduced and the heat radiation amount of the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger 3a is reduced. Thus, the temperature of the fuel cell cooling water is adjusted to an appropriate temperature.

高負荷(燃料電池1の発電量大)時には、燃料電池1の発熱が多いため開閉弁5を作動させて開口部41を閉じる。これにより、空気供給装置2が吸い込む空気の全てが熱交換器3を通過し、燃料電池冷却用熱交換器3aの放熱量が増加して、燃料電池冷却水の温度が適温に調節される。   When the load is high (the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 1 is large), the fuel cell 1 generates a large amount of heat, so the on-off valve 5 is operated to close the opening 41. As a result, all of the air sucked in by the air supply device 2 passes through the heat exchanger 3, the amount of heat released from the heat exchanger 3a for cooling the fuel cell is increased, and the temperature of the fuel cell cooling water is adjusted to an appropriate temperature.

また、高負荷時であっても、走行速度が所定速度以上のときには、開閉弁5を作動させて開口部41を開き、ラム圧を利用して熱交換器3を通過する空気の量を増加させる。   In addition, even at high loads, when the traveling speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed, the opening / closing valve 5 is operated to open the opening 41, and the amount of air passing through the heat exchanger 3 is increased using ram pressure. Let

上記実施形態では、従来の燃料電池システムにおける空気供給装置および熱交換器用ファンの機能を、1つの空気供給装置2のみによって達成するため、燃料電池システムの構成部品点数を削減することができ、ひいてはコストダウン及びシステム簡略化を図ることができる。   In the above embodiment, since the functions of the air supply device and the heat exchanger fan in the conventional fuel cell system are achieved by only one air supply device 2, the number of components of the fuel cell system can be reduced, and consequently Cost reduction and system simplification can be achieved.

空気供給装置2がコンプレッサタイプの場合は吐出空気が高温になるが、熱交換器3は燃料電池1よりも空気流れ上流側に配置しているため、空気供給装置2が吐出した高温の空気は熱交換器3に流入せず、したがって熱交換器3の放熱性能に悪影響を与えない。   When the air supply device 2 is a compressor type, the discharge air becomes high temperature, but since the heat exchanger 3 is arranged on the upstream side of the air flow from the fuel cell 1, the high temperature air discharged by the air supply device 2 is It does not flow into the heat exchanger 3, and therefore does not adversely affect the heat dissipation performance of the heat exchanger 3.

(他の実施形態)
上記実施形態では、自動車用燃料電池システムを例にとったが、定置式燃料電池システムにおいても同様の効果を得ることができる。
(Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, the fuel cell system for automobiles is taken as an example, but the same effect can be obtained in a stationary fuel cell system.

また、熱交換器3と空気供給装置2との間に、空気を清浄化するエアフィルタを設置してもよいし、あるいは空気供給装置2と燃料電池1との間にエアフィルタを設置してもよい。   Further, an air filter for purifying air may be installed between the heat exchanger 3 and the air supply device 2, or an air filter may be installed between the air supply device 2 and the fuel cell 1. Also good.

本発明の一実施形態に係る燃料電池システムを搭載した燃料電池自動車の模式図である。It is a mimetic diagram of a fuel cell car carrying a fuel cell system concerning one embodiment of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…燃料電池、2…空気供給装置、3a…燃料電池冷却用熱交換器。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fuel cell, 2 ... Air supply apparatus, 3a ... Heat exchanger for fuel cell cooling.

Claims (7)

車両に搭載される燃料電池システムであって、
水素と空気中の酸素とを電気化学反応させて電気エネルギを発生させる燃料電池(1)と、
前記燃料電池(1)を冷却する冷却水と空気との熱交換を行う燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)と、
前記燃料電池(1)および前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)に空気を供給する1つの空気供給装置(2)とを備え、
前記1つの空気供給装置(2)のみによって前記燃料電池(1)および前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)に空気が供給され、
空気流れ上流側から下流側に向かって、前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)、前記空気供給装置(2)、前記燃料電池(1)の順に配置され、
前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)と前記空気供給装置(2)との間に、前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)を通過する空気の量を調整する開閉弁(5)を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
A fuel cell system mounted on a vehicle,
A fuel cell (1) for generating electric energy by electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air;
A fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) for exchanging heat between the cooling water for cooling the fuel cell (1) and air;
An air supply device (2) for supplying air to the fuel cell (1) and the heat exchanger (3a) for cooling the fuel cell,
Air is supplied to the fuel cell (1) and the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) only by the one air supply device (2),
From the air flow upstream side to the downstream side, the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a), the air supply device (2), and the fuel cell (1) are arranged in this order.
An on-off valve (5) for adjusting the amount of air passing through the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) is provided between the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) and the air supply device (2). fuel cell system that is characterized in that it comprises.
前記冷却水の温度、前記燃料電池(1)に供給される空気の量、および車両の走行速度のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記開閉弁(5)の開度が制御されることを特徴とする請求項に記載の燃料電池システム。 The opening degree of the on-off valve (5) is controlled based on at least one of the temperature of the cooling water, the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell (1), and the traveling speed of the vehicle. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein 前記開閉弁(5)は、ラム圧利用による前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)を通過する空気の量の増大の為に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。 The fuel according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the on-off valve (5) is used for increasing the amount of air passing through the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) by using ram pressure. Battery system. 前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)以外の、他の熱交換器(3b)を備え、
前記他の熱交換器(3b)に前記1つの空気供給装置(2)から空気が供給されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。
Other heat exchanger (3b) other than the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a),
The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein air is supplied from the one air supply device (2) to the other heat exchanger (3b).
前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)および前記他の熱交換器(3b)が、同一のダクト(4)内に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項に記載の燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to claim 4 , wherein the fuel cell cooling heat exchanger (3a) and the other heat exchanger (3b) are disposed in the same duct (4). 前記燃料電池冷却用熱交換器(3a)と前記空気供給装置(2)との間に、空気を清浄化するエアフィルタを備えることを特徴とする請求項に記載の燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , further comprising an air filter for purifying air between the heat exchanger (3a) for cooling the fuel cell and the air supply device (2). 前記空気供給装置(2)と前記燃料電池(1)との間に、空気を清浄化するエアフィルタを備えることを特徴とする請求項に記載の燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , further comprising an air filter for purifying air between the air supply device (2) and the fuel cell (1).
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