JP4452712B2 - Fuel composition - Google Patents
Fuel composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4452712B2 JP4452712B2 JP2006505086A JP2006505086A JP4452712B2 JP 4452712 B2 JP4452712 B2 JP 4452712B2 JP 2006505086 A JP2006505086 A JP 2006505086A JP 2006505086 A JP2006505086 A JP 2006505086A JP 4452712 B2 JP4452712 B2 JP 4452712B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- volume
- gasoline fuel
- gasoline
- fuel composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 polyoxy Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229950003621 butoxylate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- MQWDTXAOPTYTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MQWDTXAOPTYTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N (3e,6e)-deca-3,6-diene Chemical compound CCC\C=C\C\C=C\CC GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical group CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZVAZDQMPUOHKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(7-methyloctyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O UZVAZDQMPUOHKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZGPACAKMCUCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CO TZGPACAKMCUCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one Chemical group C1=CN=C2NC(=O)COC2=C1 ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCO QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWCHELUCVWSRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N atrolactic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NWCHELUCVWSRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L isophthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
本発明は多くの量の特定の低級アルカノールを含有するガソリン燃料および少ない量の選択されたガソリン燃料添加物を含有する燃料組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel composition containing a large amount of a particular lower alkanol and a small amount of selected gasoline fuel additives.
キャブレターおよびガソリンエンジンの吸入装置および燃料供給用注入装置は空気からのダスト粒子、内燃機関からの未燃焼炭化水素残留物、およびキャブレターに導入されるクランク室排気ガスにより生じる不純物によりますます汚染されている。 Carburetor and gasoline engine intake and fuel delivery injectors are increasingly polluted by dust particles from the air, unburned hydrocarbon residues from the internal combustion engine, and impurities generated by crankcase exhaust gases introduced into the carburetor .
これらの残留物はアイドリングの場合におよび低い部分負荷範囲で空気−燃料比をシフトさせ、混合物がリーンになり、燃焼がより不完全になり、排ガス中の未燃焼または部分燃焼炭化水素の割合が高くなり、ガソリン消費が増加する。 These residues shift the air-fuel ratio in the case of idling and at low partial load ranges, the mixture becomes leaner, the combustion is more incomplete, and the proportion of unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas is reduced. Increases and increases gasoline consumption.
弁およびキャブレターまたはガソリンエンジンの注入装置を清浄に保つ燃料添加物を使用することによりこれらの欠点を防げることは知られている(例えばM.Rossenbeck in Katalysatoren,Tenside、Mineraloeladditive〔Catalysts surfactants mineral oil additives〕Eds J.Farbe、U.Hasserodt、223頁、G.Thieme Verlag、Stuttgart 1978参照)。 It is known that these drawbacks can be prevented by using fuel additives that keep valves and carburetors or gasoline engine injectors clean (eg M. Rossenbeck in Katalysatenen, Tenside, Mineraloidadditives [Catalysts surfactants minor illuminants] Eds J. Farbe, U. Hasserodt, p.223, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978).
更に古い構造のガソリンエンジンにおいて、鉛不含ガソリン燃料で運転する場合に弁座の摩耗の問題が生じる。これを防ぐために、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属化合物をベースとする弁座の摩耗を防ぐ添加物が開発された。 In older gasoline engines, valve seat wear problems arise when operating with lead-free gasoline fuel. In order to prevent this, additives have been developed that prevent wear of valve seats based on alkali metals or alkaline earth metal compounds.
問題のない使用のために、近代的なガソリンエンジンは適当なガソリン燃料添加物と組み合わせてのみ保証できる複雑な特性の輪郭を有する燃料を必要とする。これらのガソリン燃料は一般に複雑な化合物の混合物からなり、物理的量により特徴付けられる。しかしガソリン燃料と適当な添加物の相互作用はなお清浄化および清浄の維持および弁座摩耗を防ぐ作用に関して公知の燃料組成物の改良を必要とする。 For trouble-free use, modern gasoline engines require fuels with complex characteristic profiles that can only be guaranteed in combination with suitable gasoline fuel additives. These gasoline fuels generally consist of a mixture of complex compounds and are characterized by physical quantities. However, the interaction of gasoline fuel with suitable additives still requires improvements in known fuel compositions with regard to cleaning and maintaining cleanliness and preventing valve seat wear.
本発明の課題は、より有効なガソリン燃料−ガソリン燃料添加組成物を見出すことである。本発明の課題は、特により有効な添加組成物を見出すことである。 The object of the present invention is to find a more effective gasoline fuel-gasoline fuel additive composition. The object of the present invention is to find a particularly effective additive composition.
前記課題は、硫黄含量最大150質量ppmを有する多くの量のガソリン燃料および清浄作用を有するかまたは弁座摩耗防止作用を有する少ない量の少なくとも1種のガソリン燃料添加物を含有する燃料組成物により解決されることが見出され、このガソリン燃料添加物は数平均分子量(MN)85〜20000を有する少なくとも1個の疎水性炭化水素基および少なくとも1個の極性単位を有し、燃料組成物は約5〜75体積%の少なくとも1種の低級アルカノールを含有する。 The object is to provide a large amount of gasoline fuel having a sulfur content of up to 150 ppm by mass and a fuel composition containing a small amount of at least one gasoline fuel additive having a cleansing action or a valve seat antiwear action. The gasoline fuel additive has been found to be solved and has at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon group having a number average molecular weight (MN) of 85-20000 and at least one polar unit, the fuel composition comprising: About 5 to 75% by volume of at least one lower alkanol is contained.
極性単位は以下のものから選択される。
(a)少なくとも1個の窒素原子が塩基特性を有する、6個までの窒素原子を有するモノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基
(b)場合によりヒドロキシル基と組み合わせたニトロ基
(c)少なくとも1個の窒素原子が塩基特性を有する、モノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基と組み合わせたヒドロキシル基
(d)カルボキシル基またはそのアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩
(e)スルホン酸基またはそのアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩
(f)ヒドロキシル基、少なくとも1個の窒素原子が塩基特性を有するモノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基またはカルバメート基により末端化されたポリオキシ−C2〜C4−アルキレン単位
(g)カルボン酸エステル基
(h)無水琥珀酸から誘導され、ヒドロキシル基および/またはアミノ基および/またはアミド基および/またはイミド基を有する単位および
(i)置換されたフェノールとアルデヒドおよびモノアミンまたはポリアミンとのマンニッヒ反応により得られる単位。
The polar unit is selected from:
(A) a monoamino or polyamino group having up to 6 nitrogen atoms, wherein at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties (b) a nitro group optionally in combination with a hydroxyl group (c) at least one nitrogen atom A hydroxyl group in combination with a monoamino group or a polyamino group (d) a carboxyl group or its alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt (e) a sulfonic acid group or its alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt (f ) From a hydroxyl group, a polyoxy-C2-C4-alkylene unit in which at least one nitrogen atom is terminated by a monoamino group or polyamino group or carbamate group having basic properties (g) a carboxylic ester group (h) from succinic anhydride A hydroxyl group and / or an amino group and / Or amide groups units and having and / or imido groups (i) substituted phenols with aldehydes and monoamines or units obtained by Mannich reaction with a polyamine.
本発明により使用されるアルカノールは有利に直鎖状または分枝状、飽和C1〜C6−モノオールまたはジオール、特にC1〜C3−モノアルカノール、例えばメタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノールまたは複数のこれらのアルカノールの混合物である。 The alkanols used according to the invention are preferably linear or branched, saturated C 1 -C 6 -monools or diols, in particular C 1 -C 3 -monoalkanols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol Or a mixture of a plurality of these alkanols.
燃料組成物の全部の体積に対するアルカノール含量は最大75体積%、例えば5〜75体積%、有利に10〜65体積%、特に20〜55体積%、例えば30〜40体積%、または40〜50体積%である。 The alkanol content relative to the total volume of the fuel composition is at most 75% by volume, such as 5 to 75% by volume, preferably 10 to 65% by volume, in particular 20 to 55% by volume, for example 30 to 40% by volume, or 40 to 50% by volume. %.
ガソリン燃料中の他のアルコールおよびエーテルの含量は一般にかなり低い。典型的な最大含量はt−ブタノールに関して7体積%、イソブタノールに関して10体積%および分子中に5個以上の炭素原子を有するエーテルに関して15体積%である。 The content of other alcohols and ethers in gasoline fuels is generally quite low. Typical maximum contents are 7% by volume for t-butanol, 10% by volume for isobutanol and 15% by volume for ethers having 5 or more carbon atoms in the molecule.
ガソリン燃料の芳香族化合物含量は有利に最大40体積%、特に最大38体積%である。芳香族化合物の有利な範囲は20〜42体積%、特に25〜40体積%である。 The aromatics content of the gasoline fuel is preferably at most 40% by volume, in particular at most 38% by volume. The preferred range of aromatic compounds is 20 to 42% by volume, in particular 25 to 40% by volume.
ガソリン燃料の硫黄含量は有利に最大100質量ppm、特に最大50質量ppmである。硫黄含量の有利な範囲は0.5〜150質量ppm、特に1〜100質量ppmである。 The sulfur content of the gasoline fuel is preferably at most 100 ppm by weight, in particular at most 50 ppm by weight. An advantageous range for the sulfur content is 0.5 to 150 ppm by weight, in particular 1 to 100 ppm by weight.
1つの有利な構成において、ガソリン燃料はオレフィン含量最大21体積%、有利に最大18体積%、特に最大10体積%を有する。オレフィン含量の有利な範囲は6〜21体積%、特に7〜18体積%である。 In one advantageous configuration, the gasoline fuel has an olefin content of up to 21% by volume, preferably up to 18% by volume, in particular up to 10% by volume. An advantageous range for the olefin content is 6 to 21% by volume, in particular 7 to 18% by volume.
他の1つの有利な構成において、ガソリン燃料はベンゼン含量最大1.0体積%、特に最大0.9体積%を有する。ベンゼン含量の有利な範囲は0.5〜1.0体積%、特に0.6〜0.9体積%である。 In another advantageous configuration, the gasoline fuel has a benzene content of up to 1.0% by volume, in particular up to 0.9% by volume. An advantageous range for the benzene content is 0.5 to 1.0% by volume, in particular 0.6 to 0.9% by volume.
他の1つの有利な構成において、ガソリン燃料の酸素含量は最大2.7質量%、有利に0.1〜2.7質量%、特に1.0〜2.7質量%、殊に1.2〜2.0質量%である。 In another advantageous configuration, the oxygen content of the gasoline fuel is up to 2.7% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2.7% by weight, in particular 1.0 to 2.7% by weight, in particular 1.2%. It is -2.0 mass%.
芳香族化合物含量最大38体積%、オレフィン含量最大21体積%、硫黄含量最大50質量ppm、ベンゼン含量最大1.0体積%および酸素含量1.0〜2.7質量%を同時に有するガソリン燃料が特に有利である。 A gasoline fuel having an aromatic compound content of up to 38% by volume, an olefin content of up to 21% by volume, a sulfur content of up to 50 ppm by mass, a benzene content of up to 1.0% by volume and an oxygen content of 1.0 to 2.7% by mass It is advantageous.
オレフィン、ベンゼン、芳香族化合物および酸素含量に関する前記の体積%の表示はそれぞれミネラルガソリン燃料成分の体積に関するものであり、すなわち添加剤およびアルカノールを有しない。 The above volume percent indications for olefin, benzene, aromatics and oxygen content are each related to the volume of the mineral gasoline fuel component, i.e. without additives and alkanols.
ガソリン燃料の夏季蒸気圧は(それぞれ370℃で)典型的に最大70kPa、特に60kPaである。 The summer vapor pressure of gasoline fuel is typically up to 70 kPa, especially 60 kPa (each at 370 ° C.).
ガソリン燃料のリサーチオクタン価(RON)は一般に90〜100である。相当するモーター法オクタン価(MON)の典型的な範囲は80〜90である。 The research octane number (RON) of gasoline fuel is generally 90-100. A typical range for the corresponding motor octane number (MON) is 80-90.
前記の規格は一般的な方法により決定される(DINEN228)。 The standard is determined by a general method (DINEN228).
ガソリン燃料に十分な溶解性を保証するガソリン燃料添加物中の疎水性炭化水素基は数平均分子量(Mn)85〜20000、特に113〜10000、殊に300〜5000を有する。極性単位(a)、(c)、(h)および(i)と組み合わせて使用できる典型的な疎水性炭化水素基はポリプロペニル、ポリブテニルおよびポリイソブテニル基であり、それぞれMn=300〜50000、特に500〜2500、特に750〜2250を有する。 Hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups in gasoline fuel additives that ensure sufficient solubility in gasoline fuel have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 85-20000, in particular 113-10000, in particular 300-5000. Typical hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups which can be used in combination with the polar units (a), (c), (h) and (i) are polypropenyl, polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl groups, respectively, Mn = 300-50000, in particular 500 ˜2500, in particular 750˜2250.
清浄作用を有するかまたは弁座摩耗防止作用を有する個々のガソリン燃料添加物として以下のものが挙げられる。 Examples of individual gasoline fuel additives that have a cleaning action or a valve seat wear prevention action include the following.
モノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基(a)を含有する添加物は有利にポリプロペンまたは高度に反応性の(すなわち一般にα位およびβ位に主に末端二重結合を有する)または一般的な(すなわち主に内部二重結合を有する)Mn=300〜5000を有するポリブテンまたはポリイソブテンをベースとするポリアルケンモノアミンまたはポリアルケンポリアミンである。ヒドロホルミル化およびアンモニア、モノアミンまたはポリアミン、例えばジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、またはテトラエチレンペンタミンを用いる還元アミノ化により、n−ブテン単位20質量%までを含有することができるポリイソブテンから製造できる高度に反応性のポリイソブテンをベースとするこれらの添加物は特に欧州特許第244616号に記載されている。添加物の製造に出発物質として(一般にβ位およびγ位に)主に内部二重結合を有するポリブテンまたはポリイソブテンを使用する場合に、可能な製造方法は塩素化および引き続くアミノ化、または空気またはオゾンでの二重結合の酸化によるカルボニルまたはカルボニル化合物の形成および引き続く還元(水素化)条件下のアミノ化である。アミノ化に使用されるアミンはヒドロホルミル化した高度に反応性のポリイソブテンの還元アミノ化に使用される前記のものと同じアミンであってもよい。ポリプロペンをベースとする相当する添加物は特にWOA94/2431号に記載されている。 Additives containing monoamino groups or polyamino groups (a) are preferably polypropenes or highly reactive (ie generally having predominantly double terminal bonds at the α and β positions) or common (ie mainly internal) Polyalkene monoamines or polyalkene polyamines based on polybutene or polyisobutene with Mn = 300-5000 (with double bonds). Polyisobutenes which can contain up to 20% by weight of n-butene units by hydroformylation and reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine These additives based on highly reactive polyisobutenes which can be produced from are described in particular in EP 244616. When using polybutenes or polyisobutenes with internal double bonds mainly as starting materials for the production of additives (generally in the β and γ positions), possible production methods are chlorination and subsequent amination, or air or ozone Formation of a carbonyl or carbonyl compound by oxidation of a double bond at and subsequent amination under reducing (hydrogenation) conditions. The amine used for the amination may be the same amine as described above for the reductive amination of the hydroformylated highly reactive polyisobutene. Corresponding additives based on polypropene are described in particular in WOA 94/2431.
モノアミノ基を含有する他の有利な添加物は、特にWOA97/03946号に記載される、平均重合度P=5〜100を有するポリイソブテンと酸化窒素または酸化窒素と酸素の混合物との反応生成物の水素化生成物である。 Other advantageous additives containing monoamino groups are those of the reaction product of polyisobutene with a mean degree of polymerization P = 5-100 and a mixture of nitric oxide or nitric oxide and oxygen, in particular described in WOA 97/03946. Hydrogenated product.
モノアミノ基(a)を有する他の有利な添加物は、特にドイツ特許第19620262号に記載される、ポリイソブテンエポキシドからアミンとの反応および引き続く脱水およびアミノアルコールの還元により得られる化合物である。 Other advantageous additives having a monoamino group (a) are compounds obtained by reaction with amines from polyisobutene epoxides and subsequent dehydration and reduction of aminoalcohols, in particular described in DE 19620262.
場合によりヒドロキシル基(b)と組み合わせたニトロ基を有する添加物は特にWOA−96/03367号およびWOA96/03479号に記載される、有利に平均重合度P=5〜100または10〜100を有するポリイソブテンと酸化窒素または酸化窒素と酸素の混合物との反応生成物である。これらの反応生成物は一般に純粋なニトロポリイソブタン(例えばα、β−ジニトロポリイソブタン)と混合したヒドロキシニトロポリイソブタン(例えばα−ニトロ−β−ヒドロキシポリイソブタン)の混合物である。 Additives having a nitro group optionally combined with a hydroxyl group (b) preferably have an average degree of polymerization P = 5 to 100 or 10 to 100, as described in particular in WOA-96 / 03367 and WOA 96/03479 It is a reaction product of polyisobutene and nitric oxide or a mixture of nitric oxide and oxygen. These reaction products are generally a mixture of hydroxynitropolyisobutane (eg, α-nitro-β-hydroxypolyisobutane) mixed with pure nitropolyisobutane (eg, α, β-dinitropolyisobutane).
モノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基と組み合わせたヒドロキシル基(c)を含有する添加物は特に欧州特許第476485号に記載された、有利に主に末端二重結合およびMn300〜5000を有するポリイソブテンから得られるポリイソブテンエポキシドとアンモニア、またはモノアミンまたはポリアミンとの反応生成物である。 Additives containing hydroxyl groups (c) in combination with monoamino groups or polyamino groups are described in particular in EP 476485, preferably polyisobutene epoxides obtained mainly from polyisobutenes having terminal double bonds and Mn 300 to 5000 Reaction product of ammonia with ammonia, or monoamine or polyamine.
カルボキシル基またはそのアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩(d)を含有する添加物は有利に全分子量500〜20000を有し、カルボキシル基が一部または全部アルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩に変換され、残りのカルボキシル基がアルコールまたはアミンと反応した、C2〜C40−オレフィンと無水マレイン酸のコポリマーである。これらの添加物は特に欧州特許第307815号に記載されている。これらの添加物は弁座摩耗を防ぐために用いられ、WOA87/01126号に記載されるように、有利にポリ(イソ)ブテンアミンまたはポリエーテルアミンのような一般的な燃料清浄剤と組み合わせて使用することができる。 The additive containing a carboxyl group or an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt (d) thereof preferably has a total molecular weight of 500 to 20000, and the carboxyl group is partially or fully converted into an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt. is converted, the remaining carboxyl groups are reacted with alcohols or amines, C 2 -C 40 - is a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride. These additives are described in particular in EP 307815. These additives are used to prevent valve seat wear and are preferably used in combination with common fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamine or polyetheramine, as described in WOA 87/01126. be able to.
スルホン酸基またはそのアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩を含有する添加物は有利に欧州特許第639632号に記載されるスルホコハク酸アルキルエステルのアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩である。これらの添加物は主に弁座摩耗を防ぐために用いられ、ポリ(イソ)ブテンアミンまたはポリエーテルアミンのような一般的な燃料清浄剤と組み合わせて使用することができる。 The additive containing a sulfonic acid group or an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt thereof is preferably an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfosuccinic acid alkyl ester as described in EP 639632. These additives are primarily used to prevent valve seat wear and can be used in combination with common fuel detergents such as poly (iso) buteneamine or polyetheramine.
ポリオキシ−C2〜C4−アルキレン単位(f)を含有する添加物は有利にC2〜C60−アルカノール、C6〜C30−アルカンジオール、モノ−またはジ−C2〜C30−アルキルアミン、C1〜C30−アルキルシクロヘキサノールまたはC1〜C30−アルキルフェノールと、ヒドロキシル基またはアミノ基1個当たりエチレンオキシドおよび/またはプロピレンオキシドおよび/またはブチレンオキシド1〜30モルの反応およびポリエーテルアミンの場合はアンモニア、モノアミンまたはポリアミンとの引き続く還元アミノ化により得られるポリエーテルまたはポリエーテルアミンである。これらの生成物は特に欧州特許第310875号、欧州特許第356725号、欧州特許第700985号および米国特許第4877416号に記載されている。ポリエーテルの場合はこれらの生成物はキャリアオイル特性を有する。これらの典型的な例はトリデカノールブトキシレート、イソトリデカノールブトキシレート、イソノニルフェノールブトキシレート、ポリイソブテノールブトキシレートおよびプロポキシレートおよびアンモニアとの相当する反応生成物である。 Additives containing polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene units (f) are preferably C 2 -C 60 -alkanols, C 6 -C 30 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkyls. Reactions of amines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and polyether amines In the case of polyether or polyetheramine obtained by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamine or polyamine. These products are described in particular in EP 310875, EP 356725, EP 700755 and US Pat. No. 4,877,416. In the case of polyethers, these products have carrier oil properties. Typical examples of these are tridecanol butoxylate, isotridecanol butoxylate, isononylphenol butoxylate, polyisobutenol butoxylate and propoxylate and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
カルボン酸エステル基(g)を含有する添加物は有利に、モノ−、ジ−またはトリカルボン酸と長鎖アルカノールまたはポリオールのエステル、特にドイツ特許第3838918号に記載される、100℃で2mm2/sの最小粘度を有するものである。使用されるモノ−、ジ−またはトリカルボン酸は脂肪酸または芳香族の酸であってもよく、特に適したエステルアルコールまたはエステルポリオールは例えば6〜24個の炭素原子を有する長鎖のものである。代表的なエステルはアジペート、フタレート、イソフタレート、テレフタレート、およびイソオクタノール、イソノナノール、イソデカノールおよびイソトリデカノールのトリメリテートである。これらの生成物はキャリアオイル特性を有する。 Additives containing carboxylic ester groups (g) advantageously, mono -, di - or esters of tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular described in German Patent No. 3,838,918, 2 mm at 100 ° C. 2 / It has a minimum viscosity of s. The mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids used can be fatty acids or aromatic acids, and particularly suitable ester alcohols or ester polyols are long-chain ones having, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Typical esters are adipate, phthalate, isophthalate, terephthalate, and trimellitate of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol. These products have carrier oil properties.
無水コハク酸から誘導され、ヒドロキシル基および/またはアミノ基および/またはアミド基および/またはイミド基を有する単位(h)を含有する添加物は有利に熱的方法によりまたは塩素化ポリイソブテンを介して、Mn=300〜5000を有する一般的なまたは高度に反応性のポリイソブテンと無水マレイン酸の反応により得られるポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物の相当する誘導体である。エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、またはテトラエチレンペンタミンのような脂肪族ポリアミンを有する誘導体が特に注目される。これらのガソリン燃料添加物は特に米国特許第4849572号に記載されている。 Additives derived from succinic anhydride and containing units (h) having hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and / or amide groups and / or imide groups are preferably obtained by thermal methods or via chlorinated polyisobutenes. It is a corresponding derivative of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride obtained by reaction of a general or highly reactive polyisobutene with Mn = 300 to 5000 and maleic anhydride. Of particular interest are derivatives having aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or tetraethylenepentamine. These gasoline fuel additives are described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,849,572.
置換フェノールとアルデヒドおよびモノアミンまたはポリアミンのマンニッヒ反応により得られる単位(i)を含有する添加物は有利にポリイソブテン置換フェノールとホルムアルデヒドおよびエチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミンまたはジメチルアミノプロピルアミンのようなモノアミンまたはポリアミンとの反応生成物である。ポリイソブテニル置換フェノールはMn=300〜5000を有する一般的なまたは高度に反応性のポリイソブテンから生じることができる。これらのポリイソブテンマンニッヒ塩基は特に欧州特許第831141号に記載されている。 Additives containing units (i) obtained by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and monoamines or polyamines are preferably polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine. Reaction products with such monoamines or polyamines. Polyisobutenyl substituted phenols can be generated from common or highly reactive polyisobutenes having Mn = 300-5000. These polyisobutene Mannich bases are described in particular in EP 831141.
ガソリン燃料添加物の更に詳しい定義に関する詳細な個々の説明は前記技術水準の刊行物に開示されている。 Detailed individual descriptions of further definitions of gasoline fuel additives are disclosed in the state of the art publications.
本発明の燃料組成物は付加的に他の一般的な成分および添加物を含有することができる。これらには顕著な清浄作用を有しないプレミアキャリアオイル、例えばミネラルキャリアオイル(ベースオイル)、特に粘度の種類、Solvent Neutral(SN)500〜2000およびMn=400〜1800を有するオレフィンポリマー、特にポリブテンまたはポリイソブテン(水素化されたまたは水素化されない)またはポリ−α−オレフィンまたはポリ(内部オレフィン)をベースとする合成キャリアオイルが含まれる。 The fuel composition of the present invention may additionally contain other common components and additives. These include premier carrier oils, such as mineral carrier oils (base oils), which have no significant cleaning action, in particular olefin polymers having a viscosity type of Solvent Neutral (SN) 500-2000 and Mn = 400-1800, in particular polybutene or polyisobutene Synthetic carrier oils based on (hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated) or poly-α-olefins or poly (internal olefins) are included.
有用な溶剤または希釈剤(添加物パックを用意する場合)はソルベントナフサ(Solvent Naphtha)のような脂肪族および芳香族炭化水素である。 Useful solvents or diluents (when preparing additive packs) are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as Solvent Naphtha.
他の一般的な添加物は、例えば皮膜を形成する傾向がある、有機カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩または非鉄金属の腐食保護のための複素環の芳香族化合物のアンモニウム塩をベースとする腐食防止剤、酸化防止剤または安定剤、例えばp−フェニレンジアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミンまたはこれらの誘導体のようなアミンをベースとするまたは2,4−ジ−t−ブチルフェノールまたは3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニルプロピオン酸のようなフェノールの誘導体をベースとするもの、解乳化剤、帯電防止剤、フェロセンまたはメチルシクロペンタジエニルマンガントリカルボニルのようなメタロセン、一部の脂肪酸、アルケニルコハク酸エステル、ビス(ヒドロキシアルキル)脂肪アミン、ヒドロキシアセトアミドまたはひまし油のような潤滑用添加物および染料(マーカー)である。燃料のpH値を低下するために場合によりアミンを添加する。 Other common additives are, for example, corrosion inhibitors based on ammonium salts of organic carboxylic acids or ammonium salts of heterocyclic aromatics for corrosion protection of non-ferrous metals, which tend to form films, Antioxidants or stabilizers, for example based on amines such as p-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine or their derivatives or 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- Those based on derivatives of phenols such as hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, demulsifiers, antistatic agents, metallocenes such as ferrocene or methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, some fatty acids, alkenyl succinates, bis ( Hydroxyalkyl) fatty amine, hydroxyacetamide or Lubricating additives, such as with oil and a dye (marker). An amine is optionally added to lower the pH value of the fuel.
前記ガソリン燃料と、極性単位(f)を有するガソリン燃料添加物および腐食防止剤および/またはモノマーおよび/またはダイマー種類として存在することができるカルボン酸または脂肪酸をベースとする潤滑用添加物の混合物との組合せが本発明の燃料組成物に特に有用である。この種の典型的な混合物はトリデカノールまたはイソトリデカノールブトキシレートまたはプロポキシレートのようなアルカノール開始ポリエーテルと組み合わせたポリイソブタンアミン、トリデカノールまたはイソトリデカノールブトキシレート−アンモニア反応生成物のようなアルカノール開始ポリエーテルアミンと組み合わせたポリイソブテンアミンおよびトリデカノールまたはイソトリデカノールブトキシレートまたはプロポキシレートのようなアルカノール開始ポリエーテルと組み合わせた、トリデカノールまたはイソトリデカノールブトキシレート反応生成物のようなアルカノール開始ポリエーテルアミンを含有し、前記腐食防止剤および/または潤滑用添加物と一緒に使用する。 Mixtures of said gasoline fuel with lubricating additives based on carboxylic acids or fatty acids which can be present as gasoline fuel additives having a polar unit (f) and corrosion inhibitors and / or monomer and / or dimer types Are particularly useful in the fuel composition of the present invention. Typical mixtures of this type are alkanols such as polyisobutanamine, tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate-ammonia reaction products in combination with alkanol-initiated polyethers such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate or propoxylate. An alkanol-initiated polyether, such as a tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate reaction product, in combination with an alkanol-initiated polyether such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate or propoxylate in combination with an initiating polyetheramine Contains an amine and is used in conjunction with the corrosion inhibitor and / or lubricating additive.
前記極性単位(a)〜(i)および前記の他の成分を有するガソリン燃料添加物はガソリン燃料に供給され、そこでその作用を示す。成分および/または添加物は燃料に個々にまたは前記の製造された濃縮物(添加物パック)として添加することができる。 The gasoline fuel additive having the polar units (a) to (i) and the other components is supplied to the gasoline fuel and exhibits its function there. The components and / or additives can be added to the fuel individually or as a concentrate (additive pack) produced as described above.
前記極性単位(a)〜(i)を有するガソリン燃料添加物は典型的に1〜5000質量ppm、特に5〜3000質量ppm、殊に10〜1000質量ppmの量でガソリン燃料に添加する。前記の他の成分および添加物は必要によりこの目的のために一般的な量で添加する。 The gasoline fuel additive having the polar units (a) to (i) is typically added to the gasoline fuel in an amount of 1 to 5000 ppm by weight, in particular 5 to 3000 ppm by weight, in particular 10 to 1000 ppm by weight. The other ingredients and additives mentioned above are added in conventional amounts for this purpose if necessary.
本発明の燃料組成物において、意想外にも、明らかに少ない清浄剤または弁座摩耗防止剤を使用して、低級アルカノールを添加しない匹敵する燃料組成物と同じ清浄化作用または清浄に保つ作用または弁座摩耗防止作用を達成することが可能である。更に本発明の燃料組成物に、従来の燃料組成物に比較して同じ量の清浄剤または弁座摩耗防止剤を使用して、意想外にも、明らかに良好な、清浄化作用または清浄に保つ作用および弁座摩耗防止作用を生じる。 Surprisingly, the fuel composition of the present invention uses the apparently less detergent or valve antiwear agent to achieve the same cleaning or cleansing action as a comparable fuel composition without the addition of a lower alkanol or It is possible to achieve a valve seat wear prevention effect. Furthermore, the fuel composition of the present invention uses the same amount of detergent or anti-skid antiwear agent as compared to conventional fuel compositions, and surprisingly has a clearly better cleaning action or cleaning. Maintains and prevents valve seat wear.
更に本発明の燃料組成物は、付加的にガソリンエンジンの燃焼室に形成される沈積物が少なく、燃料の希薄化によりエンジンオイルに運ばれる添加物が少ないという利点を示す。 Furthermore, the fuel composition of the present invention additionally has the advantage that less deposits are formed in the combustion chamber of the gasoline engine and less additive is carried to the engine oil due to fuel dilution.
本発明は更に
i)前記の清浄作用または弁座摩耗防止作用を有する添加物の作用を改良するための低硫黄ガソリン燃料における低級アルカノールの使用
ii)ガソリン燃料と有効な量の低級アルコールを混合することにより、低硫黄ガソリン燃料における前記の清浄作用または弁座摩耗防止作用を有する添加物の添加作用を改良する方法
iii)燃焼室沈積物を減少するためのおよび/またはガソリンエンジンの吸入装置の沈積物を減少するための前記の清浄作用または弁座摩耗防止作用を有する少なくとも1種の添加物と低級アルコールの組合せの使用
iv)ガソリン燃料のための弁座摩耗防止剤として前記の弁座摩耗防止作用を有する添加物と低級アルコールの組合せの使用
に関する。
The present invention further provides i) the use of lower alkanols in low sulfur gasoline fuels to improve the action of additives having the above-described cleaning or anti-valve wear effects ii) mixing gasoline fuel with an effective amount of lower alcohol A method for improving the additive action of additives having the above-mentioned cleaning action or valve seat wear prevention action in low-sulfur gasoline fuels iii) Reduction of combustion chamber deposits and / or deposition of intake devices of gasoline engines Use of a combination of at least one additive having a cleaning action or a valve seat wear prevention action and a lower alcohol to reduce the matter iv) Valve seat wear prevention as a valve seat wear prevention agent for gasoline fuel The present invention relates to the use of a combination of an additive having an action and a lower alcohol.
以下の例は本発明を説明するものであり、これに限定されない。 The following examples illustrate the present invention and are not limited thereto.
実施例
使用したガソリン燃料添加物は清浄剤添加物、ポリイソブテンアミン(Mn=1000g/モル)60質量%およびキャリアオイル(ブチレンオキシド22単位でエーテル化されたトリデカノール)32質量%からなる市販されている添加物パックであった。
EXAMPLE The gasoline fuel additive used is a commercial product consisting of detergent additive, 60% by weight of polyisobuteneamine (Mn = 1000 g / mol) and 32% by weight of carrier oil (tridecanol etherified with 22 units of butylene oxide). It was an additive pack.
使用したガソリン燃料は以下に記載される具体的な規格を有する燃料であり、GF1(パラメーターは表1参照)は典型的な市販されている燃料である。 The gasoline fuel used is a fuel having the specific specifications described below, and GF1 (see Table 1 for parameters) is a typical commercially available fuel.
GF3=GF1+EtOH50体積%。
GF3 = GF1 + EtOH 50% by volume.
燃料組成物の製造
例1(比較例)
添加物パック150mgまたは200mgを表1によるGF1 1kgに溶解した。
Production of fuel composition Example 1 (comparative example)
Additive pack 150 mg or 200 mg was dissolved in 1 kg GF1 according to Table 1.
例2(本発明)
例1を繰り返したが、GF1の代わりにGF2を使用した。
Example 2 (Invention)
Example 1 was repeated, but using GF2 instead of GF1.
例3(本発明)
例1を繰り返したが、GF1の代わりにGF3を使用した。
Example 3 (Invention)
Example 1 was repeated, but using GF3 instead of GF1.
性能の試験
例4
例1〜3によるガソリン燃料を吸入弁沈積物(IVD)および全燃焼沈積物(TCD)に関する作用を調べた。これをCECF−05−A−93により、メルセデスベンツ(Mercedes−Benz)エンジンM102Eを使用する自動車試験で実施したエンジン試験を使用して行った。添加した燃料および添加しない燃料のIVD値を以下の表2に記載する。
Performance Test Example 4
The effects of gasoline fuel according to Examples 1 to 3 on the intake valve deposit (IVD) and total combustion deposit (TCD) were investigated. This was done according to CECF-05-A-93 using the engine test carried out in the automotive test using the Mercedes-Benz engine M102E. The IVD values for added and unadded fuel are listed in Table 2 below.
更に全燃焼沈積物(TCD)の量をエンジンのそれぞれ4つのシリンダー同じ試験で測定した。個々の平均値を同様に表2に示す。TCD値を測定するために、CECF−20−A−98の方法に類似して実施した。 In addition, the amount of total combustion deposit (TCD) was measured in the same test for each of the four cylinders of the engine. Individual average values are also shown in Table 2. In order to determine the TCD value, it was carried out analogously to the method of CECF-20-A-98.
表2から明らかなように、ガソリン燃料にかなり多くの量のエタノール(すなわち10%より多い)の混合が観察される弁または燃焼室(シリンダー)の沈積物の意想外に少ない形成を生じる。 As can be seen from Table 2, unexpectedly less formation of valve or combustion chamber (cylinder) deposits is observed where a significant amount of ethanol (ie, greater than 10%) is mixed with the gasoline fuel.
Claims (10)
(a)少なくとも1個の窒素原子が塩基特性を有する、6個までの窒素原子を有するモノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基
(f)ヒドロキシル基、少なくとも1個の窒素原子が塩基特性を有するモノアミノ基またはポリアミノ基またはカルバメート基により末端化されたポリオキシ−C2〜C4−アルキレン単位
(h)無水琥珀酸から誘導され、ヒドロキシル基および/またはアミノ基および/またはアミド基および/またはイミド基を有する単位および
(i)置換されたフェノールとアルデヒドおよびモノアミンまたはポリアミンとのマンニッヒ反応により得られる単位
から選択されることを特徴とする燃料組成物。A large amount of gasoline fuel having a sulfur content of up to 150 ppm by weight and a fuel composition comprising a small amount of at least one gasoline fuel additive having a cleaning action or a valve seat antiwear action. The additive has at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon group having a number average molecular weight (MN) of 85-20000 and at least one polar unit, and the fuel composition is further selected from methanol, ethanol and mixtures thereof about 10 to 75 contain the volume percent of at least one mode Noarukanoru and polar units,
(A) a monoamino group or polyamino group having up to 6 nitrogen atoms, wherein at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties
(F) hydroxyl groups, polyoxy least one nitrogen atom is terminated by monoamino group or polyamino groups or carbamate groups having basic properties -C 2 -C 4 - alkylene units of
( H) units derived from succinic anhydride and having hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amide and / or imide groups and (i) Mannich reaction of substituted phenol with aldehyde and monoamine or polyamine A fuel composition, characterized in that it is selected from the following units.
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DE10316871A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-21 | Basf Ag | Fuel composition |
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