JP4432069B2 - Obesity inhibitor - Google Patents

Obesity inhibitor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4432069B2
JP4432069B2 JP2002298054A JP2002298054A JP4432069B2 JP 4432069 B2 JP4432069 B2 JP 4432069B2 JP 2002298054 A JP2002298054 A JP 2002298054A JP 2002298054 A JP2002298054 A JP 2002298054A JP 4432069 B2 JP4432069 B2 JP 4432069B2
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extract
obesity
jaundice
coleus
present
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JP2004091464A (en
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明宏 山下
崇 高下
健夫 石原
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BHN Co Ltd
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BHN Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、特定の成分を原料として使用した強力な肥満防止作用を有する脂肪形成抑制剤(以下、本発明ではこれを肥満抑制剤という)及びその利用に関するものである。より詳しくは、ベルゲニンを含むアカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物と、少なくともフォルスコリンを含むコレウス フォルスコリ及び/又はアスチルビンを含む黄杞とを併用してなる肥満抑制剤及びこれを用いた飲食用組成物又は医薬用組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、欧米型の食事形態や過食による摂取エネルギーの増加と運動不足による消費エネルギーの減少との格差が増大し、肥満体形が増えており、肥満は生活習慣病の発症要因として注目されている。一般的に、肥満状態とは、摂取エネルギーのうち運動等の諸活動によっても消費されない糖質や脂質等のエネルギー源が生体組織とくに皮下脂肪組織や臓器周辺組織に異常に蓄積された結果、体重が骨格系あるいは生理機能の限界を超えて増加した状態をいう。肥満状態が慢性化すると糖尿病、動脈硬化症、脂肪肝、胆石症、腎臓障害等の疾患を合併症として起こしやすくなるといわれている。
【0003】
肥満を防止するために、医療分野における治療や予防はもとより、日常的に摂取する食事を通して肥満を予防する試みがこれまでに数多くなされてきた。すなわち、脂肪の代謝や燃焼を促進したり、体脂肪の蓄積を抑制することをねらった素材として、L−カルニチン又はこれを含む畜肉ペプチド(特開平7−196485号、特開平10−66515号、特開2000−256200号各公報)、藻類の抽出物(特開2000−72642号公報)、果実ポリフェノール(特開平10−330278号公報)、共役ポリエン脂肪酸(特開2000−355538号公報)、特定のアミノ酸類とキサンチン誘導体の混合物(特開平10−330264号公報)、大豆や卵黄のリン脂質(特開平10−84880号公報)、ジテルペン化合物(特表2001−508801号公報)等が提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、これらの素材は単独で使用しても実際には効果が小さかったり、実用的ではない簡単な実験結果に基づくものであったり、あるいは通常の食事形態において多量に摂取しなければならず、いずれも十分に満足できる効果を発揮し得るものではなかった。かかる現状に鑑み、本発明では、肥満を防止するために、食事で摂取する脂肪の吸収を効率的に阻害し、あるいは生体組織中の脂肪の代謝を有効に促進させ得る強力な抗肥満作用を有する天然物由来の製剤組成物を提供し、これを産業上有用に活用できる態様の組成物として提供することを課題とした。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために、多数の植物原料及びそのエキス類と脂質代謝との関連性について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、ベルゲニンを特有成分として含むアカショウマをはじめとするチダケサシ属に属する植物と以下に述べる特定の植物由来の成分とを組み合わせた組成物が本発明の所望の効果を顕著に奏することを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明によれば、チダケサシ属に属する植物であるアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマ由来のベルゲニン含有物と、少なくともコレウス フォルスコリ由来のフォルスコリン含有物及び/又は黄杞由来のアスチルビン含有物とを含有してなる、脂肪細胞におけるインシュリンによるグルコースからの脂肪形成を抑制する剤である肥満抑制剤が提供される。また、これを配合してなる飲食用組成物又は医薬用組成物が提供される。ここで、チダケサシ属に属する植物はユキノシタ科のチダケサシ(Astilbe)属に分類される植物であり、この代表例はアカショウマであり、その根及び/又は根茎の乾燥粉末又は抽出物(以下、エキスということがある)又は精製物を用いてなることが好ましい。コレウス フォルスコリはシソ科植物であるコレウス フォルスコリ(Coleus forskohlii)の根及び/又は根茎の乾燥粉末、その抽出物又は精製物を用いるのがよい。また、黄杞はクルミ科植物の黄杞(Engelhardtia chrysolepis HANCE等)の樹皮及び/又は葉の乾燥粉末、その抽出物又は精製物を用いることが望ましい。
【0007】
本発明において用いるチダケサシ属に属する植物、コレウス フォルスコリ及び黄杞の各抽出物は水若しくは親水性有機溶媒を用いて抽出されたものが好ましく、とりわけエタノール、アセトン又はこれらの含水物を用いて抽出されたものであることが望ましい。なお、チダケサシ属に属する植物のエキスは、含水アセトンを用いた抽出物の酢酸エチル可溶画分であることがさらに望ましい。また、本発明の飲食用組成物と医薬用組成物は前記抗肥満剤組成物を配合してなることを特徴とするものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明の肥満抑制剤は、ベルゲニンと、少なくともフォルスコリン及び/又はアスチルビンとを含有してなることを特徴とするものである。ベルゲニンはイソクマリン類に属し、フォルスコリンはジテルペン類の化合物であり、アスチルビンはポリフェノールの一種であるジヒドロフラボノール配糖体である。ベルゲニンはトウダイグサ科ユーホルビア属に属する植物(アカメガシワ等)、チダケサシ属に属する植物等に含有されている。ベルゲニンの原料としてはチダケサシ属に属する植物が好適である。チダケサシ(Astilbe)属に属する植物はユキノシタ科に分類され、本発明に係るものの例は後述するように種々あるが、代表例としてアカショウマ(学名:Astilbe thunbergii(SIEB.EtZUCC.)MIQ.)を挙げることができる。アカショウマは日本の山地にも自生する多年草で、その根茎を赤升麻とよび、古来より下熱、解毒、消炎等の目的で升麻(キンポウゲ科のサラシナショウマ:Cimicifuga simplex WORMSKJORD等)の代用品として用いられてきた。本発明では、赤升麻あるいは紅升麻と称せられるものも包含する。
【0009】
チゲタサシ属の植物の例としてAstilbe chinensis、Astilbe austrosinensis、Astilbe thunbergii、Astilbe thunbergii(SIEB.et ZUCC.)Miq.:アカショウマ、Astilbe thunbergii(SIEB.et ZUCC.)MIQ.var.congesta BOISS.(=Astilbe odontophylla MIQ.):トリアシショウマ、Astilbe polyandra、Astilbe grandis、Astilbe rivularis、Astilbe japonica(MORR.et DECNE.)A.GRAY:アワモリショウマ、Astilbe micro−phylla KNOLL:チダケサシ等を挙げることができる。
【0010】
本発明で用いるアカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物に由来するベルゲニン含有物の態様は、前記植物の根及び/又は根茎が望ましく、根及び/又は根茎そのもの、これに乾燥、細断あるいは粉砕等の加工処理を施したもの、これらを溶媒で抽出処理した抽出液、該抽出液から溶媒を除いた抽出物、該抽出物にシリカゲル、ケイ酸マグネシウム、イオン交換樹脂、活性アルミナ、セルロース、活性炭等の吸着剤を用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーや溶剤分別等の精製処理を施した精製物のいずれでもよい。飲食品用途に使用する場合は、前記植物の根及び/又は根茎を乾燥し適宜に粉砕した粉末、該乾燥物の細断片や粉末を水又は親水性有機溶媒で抽出した抽出物とするのが利便性の点から望ましい。また、医薬品用途に利用する場合は、前記の抽出液、抽出物あるいは高純度の精製物が望ましい。
【0011】
親水性有機溶媒としてメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール等の低級一価アルコール類、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブタンジオール、グリセリン等の多価アルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、エーテル、石油エーテル、酢酸エチル及びこれらの含水物や混合物を例示することができる。本発明の所望の効果を奏するための抽出物を効率的に得るには、エタノール、アセトン、酢酸エチル及びこれらの含水物を抽出用溶媒とすることが好ましい。含水物の水分含量は、例えば、エタノールの場合では1〜99重量%、より好ましくは10〜50重量%であり、アセトンの場合には1〜50重量%、より好ましくは10〜30重量%であり、酢酸エチルの場合は80〜99重量%、より好ましくは85〜95重量%である。これらの範囲を外れると本発明の所望の効果が減少し又は抽出物の収量が低下する。
【0012】
本発明に係るチダケサシ属に属する植物の抽出物を簡便かつ効率的に得るには、含水エタノール又は含水アセトンで抽出し、該抽出物をさらに酢酸エチルで分別してその可溶画分を採取するのがよい。抽出処理は該処理原料に対して1〜100重量倍程度の前記抽出用溶媒を加え、常圧もしくは加圧下、常温又は加熱状態で、適宜に攪拌して10分〜数日間抽出処理する。不溶物を濾過又は遠心分離して除き本発明に係る抽出液を得ることができ、さらに該抽出液から減圧蒸留、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥等の公知の手段で溶媒を除去することによって本発明に係る抽出物を得ることができる。
【0013】
アカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物の根と根茎には、デンプンやタンニンのほかにベルゲニンをはじめアスチルビン、アスチルビン酸等のフラボノイド類が含まれていることが知られており、これらの成分が前述の薬理作用を示すといわれている(Shimada,H.ら、Yakugaku Zasshi、第72巻、第578−588頁、1952年)。これに対して、本発明では、アカショウマ等のチダケサシ属の植物の前記形態のものが動物の脂肪細胞において、▲1▼ノルエピネフリンによって誘導される脂肪の分解を促進し、▲2▼アドレノコルチコトロピンホルモン(以下、ACTHと略す)誘導の脂肪分解を刺激し、また、▲3▼インシュリンの誘導によるグルコースからの脂肪形成を阻害する作用を見出したものである。
【0014】
次に、本発明で用いるフォルスコリンの好適な原料としてはコレウス フォルスコリを挙げることができる。コレウス フォルスコリ(Coleus forskohlii)はシソ科の植物であり、その対象としてColeus forskohlii Briq.、Coleus Barbatus Benth.、Plectranthus forskohlii Willd.、P.Barbatus Andr.、P.comosus Willemse.等を包含する。インドやネパール等の熱帯から亜熱帯の乾燥ないし半乾燥気候の地域に自生する丈高数十cm〜約1mの草木であり、一年生の茎部と多年生の根部とをもつ。その根茎にはジテルペン化合物であるフォルスコリンを含み、該成分が血圧降下、筋収縮、抗血栓、抗炎症、抗緑内障等の作用を有することから医薬品への利用開発が進められている(Rupp R.H.et al.,eds.,Proceedings of the International Symposium on Forskolin:its chemical,biological and medical potential.Hoechst India Limited,Bombay p19−30,1985)。
【0015】
また、フォルスコリンは細胞内でアデニル酸シクラーゼを活性化してサイクリックAMPを増加させ、これによりプロテインキナーゼが活性化され、ホルモン感受性リパーゼを活性化することにより脂肪組織の脂肪の加水分解が促進されるとして、体重コントロール方法(特開昭59−155313号公報)、過剰脂肪蓄積の軽減薬剤(特開平8−169896号公報)、除脂肪体重を増加させるための組成物(特表2001−508801号公報)等が提案されている。
【0016】
本発明において用いるコレウス フォルスコリに由来するフォルスコリン含有物の形態は、その根及び/又は根茎が望ましく、当該根及び/又は根茎自体、これを乾燥、細断あるいは粉砕等の加工処理に供したもの、これらに溶媒を加えて抽出処理した抽出液、該抽出液から溶媒を除いた抽出物、該抽出物にアカショウマの抽出物の精製処理に用いたものと同様の吸着剤を充填したカラムクロマトグラフィーや溶剤分別等の精製処理を施した精製物のいずれでもよい。本発明の所望の効果を得るためには、食品用途に利用する場合は、コレウス フォルスコリの根及び/又は根茎を乾燥し適宜に粉砕した粉末、該乾燥物の細断物あるいは粉末を水及び/又は親水性有機溶媒を用いて抽出した抽出物が簡便かつ利便であり、医薬品用途に使用する場合は前記の抽出液、抽出物あるいは精製物が望ましい。
【0017】
また、本発明で用いるアスチルビンの好適な原料としては黄杞、アカショウマ等がある。含有量の点で黄杞が有利である。黄杞はクルミ科に属する植物であり、Engelhardtia chrysolepis HANCE、E.roxburghiana LINDL、E.formosana HAYATA等を包含する。中国南部域に自生する常緑高木で、その葉は甘味があり、古来より乾燥葉を甘茶として、また解毒、清熱、健胃、鎮痛等のために使用されてきた。この葉部は特徴的成分としてポリフェノールの一種、ジヒドロフラボノール類であるアスチルビン及びその異性体(ネオアスチルビン、イソアスチルビン、ネオイソアスチルビン:いずれもラムノース等の糖が結合したフラボノイド配糖体)を含む。黄杞及びその成分の利用例として、前記の他、抗炎症剤(特開平6−256194号公報)、美白剤(特開平7−223933号公報)、糖尿病予防(特開平9−30984号公報)、養毛・育毛作用(特開平10−203933号公報)、活性酸素消去(特開2001−122757号公報)、骨代謝改善剤(特開2002−179585号公報)等がある。
【0018】
本発明で使用する黄杞に由来するアスチルビン含有物の形態は、その葉、樹皮及び/又は茎が好ましく、とりわけ葉が望ましく、当該部位そのもの、これを乾燥、細断あるいは粉砕等の加工処理に供したもの、これらに溶媒を加えて抽出処理した抽出液、該抽出液から溶媒を除いた抽出物、該抽出物にアカショウマやコレウス フォルスコリの抽出物の精製処理に用いたものと同様の吸着剤を充填したカラムクロマトグラフィーや溶剤分別等の精製処理を施した精製物のいずれでもよい。本発明の所望の効果を得るためには、食品用途に利用する場合は、黄杞の葉、樹皮及び/又は茎を乾燥し適宜に粉砕した粉末、該乾燥物の細断物あるいは粉末を水及び/又は親水性有機溶媒を用いて抽出した抽出物が簡便かつ利便であり、医薬品用途に使用する場合は、前記の抽出液、抽出物あるいは精製物が望ましい。
【0019】
コレウス フォルスコリと黄杞の抽出処理に用いる親水性有機溶媒は、前記のように、チダケサシ属に属する植物の場合と同様のものでよい。本発明において所望の効果を奏する抽出物を効率的に得るための抽出溶媒としては水、エタノール、アセトン又はこれらの含水溶媒を用いるのが好ましく、さらにはアセトン又は水分含有率が50重量%以下の含水エタノールがより好ましい。水分が50重量%を超えると抽出物の収量や所望の活性が低下する。
【0020】
コレウス フォルスコリ及び/又は黄杞の抽出処理は、前記形態の原料に対して等重量ないしは約100重量倍の前記抽出用溶媒を加え、常圧もしくは加圧の下、常温又は加熱状態で、必要に応じて攪拌しながら10分〜数日間抽出処理し、不溶物を遠心分離又は濾過して除去すれば本発明に係る抽出液を得ることができ、さらに該抽出液から減圧蒸留、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥等の手段で溶媒を除去することによって本発明に係る抽出物を得ることができる。
【0021】
本発明の肥満抑制剤の望ましい態様は、前述のようにして得られるチダケサシ属に属する植物、例えばアカショウマの根及び/又は根茎、その乾燥物、抽出物あるいは精製物と、少なくともコレウス フォルスコリの根及び/又は根茎、その乾燥物、抽出物あるいは精製物、及び/又は黄杞の葉及び/又は樹皮、その乾燥物、抽出物又は精製物とを必須原料として含有せしめてなるものである。
より望ましい態様はチダケサシ属の植物由来のもの及びコレウス フォルスコリ由来のものの両者を含む組成物であり、最も好適にはアカショウマの根茎の抽出物又は精製物と、コレウス フォルスコリの根茎の抽出物又は精製物とを含有してなる組成物、これに黄杞の葉の抽出物又は精製物を含有してなる組成物である。
【0022】
前記ベルゲニンと、フォルスコリン及びアスチルビンとの2〜3種類を含む植物由来の原料を併用することによって、肥満抑制効果が相乗的に発現する。この肥満抑制剤における原料の配合比率は、本肥満抑制剤の使用目的と用途、製造コスト等により適宜に変動させることができ、例えば、チダケサシ属の植物由来原料と、コレウス フォルスコリ由来原料及び黄杞由来原料の合計量との重量比は99/1〜1/99であるが、より好ましくは99/1〜50/50であり、最も好ましくは90/10〜60/40である。コレウス フォルスコリ由来原料と黄杞由来原料との比率は任意である。
【0023】
本発明の肥満抑制剤においては、本発明の趣旨に反しないかぎり種々の原料や成分を併用して配合することができる。例えば、通常の食品や医薬品に使用される賦形剤、防湿剤、防腐剤、強化剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、酸化防止剤、甘味料、酸味料、調味料、着色料、香料等は好適である。また、肥満の予防や治療、ダイエットあるいは痩身のために用いられる公知の素材を併用してもよい。この具体例としては、ガルシニア・カンボジア果皮エキス、ヒドロキシクエン酸及びその塩、ブドウ種子エキス、リンゴ等の果実ポリフェノール、山査子果実エキス、グアバ葉エキス、ギムネマ・シルベスタ葉エキス、イチョウ葉エキス、リパーゼ阻害剤、α−及びβ−アミラーゼ阻害剤、L−カルニチン及びこれを含む畜肉ペプチド、アオサやアオノリ等の緑藻類抽出物、コンブ等の褐藻類エキス、共役二重結合を2〜4個有する共役ポリエン高級脂肪酸及びそのエステルや塩、異性化リノール酸、α−リノレン酸、大豆や卵黄由来のホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸等のグリセロリン脂質及びこれらのリゾ体、ボラージ油、月見草油、唐辛子末及びそのエキス、ニンニク抽出エキス、スベリヒユ、プーアール茶葉粉末及びそのエキス、杜仲葉末及びそのエキス、ウーロン茶葉粉末及びそのエキス、サイリウム種皮、キチン、キトサン、キサンチン誘導体、シトラス・アウランチウムの抽出エキス、センナ葉又は茎のエキス、陳皮等を挙げることができる。なおこれらの例は肥満を防止あるいは抑制する作用のあるものの一部であって、本発明を限定するものではない。
【0024】
前述のように、本発明によれば、ノルエピネフリンやACTHによって誘導される生体脂肪細胞の脂肪の分解能を増強し、インシュリンによって誘導されるグルコースからの脂肪の形成能を強く阻害する作用のある肥満抑制剤が提供される。ここで、ベルゲニン、フォルスコリン及びアスチルビンの好ましい態様は、それぞれチダケサシ属の植物、コレウス フォルスコリ及び黄杞であり、それらの乾燥粉末物、抽出物あるいは精製物である。かかる肥満抑制剤は本発明の所望の目的のためにそのまま使用しても差し支えないが、本発明ではこれを配合してなる組成物も提供される。該組成物の態様としては飲食用組成物又は医薬用組成物が好適である。
【0025】
本発明の飲食用組成物は、前述した肥満抑制剤、すなわち、ベルゲニンと、フォルスコリン及び/又はアスチルビンとを含んでなり、その態様がアカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物と、コレウス フォルスコリ及び/又は黄杞とを含んでなる前記肥満抑制剤を配合してなることを特徴とする。
【0026】
この飲食用組成物の態様としては、前記原料の乾燥粉末、抽出物若しくは精製物をそのまま又は前記肥満抑制剤を液状、ゲル状、粉末状あるいは固形状の食品、例えば、果汁飲料、清涼飲料、茶、スープ、ゼリー、ヨーグルト、プリン、ケーキミックス、ふりかけ、味噌、醤油、ドレッシング、マヨネーズ、焼肉のたれ等の調味料、麺類、ハムやソーセージ等の畜肉魚肉加工食品、ジャム、牛乳、クリーム、バターやチーズ等の粉末状、固形状又は液状の乳製品、マーガリン、パン、ケーキ、クッキー等に添加した形態となすことができる。
【0027】
また、必要に応じてデキストリン、乳糖、澱粉又はその加工素材、セルロース末等の賦形剤、ビタミン、ミネラル、動植物や魚介類の油脂、たん白、糖質、色素、香料、その他の食用添加剤等と共に粉末、顆粒、ペレット、錠剤等に加工したり、ゼラチン等で被覆してカプセルに成形したり、あるいはドリンク類にして、栄養補助食品や健康食品として利用できる。このとき、前記の肥満防止やその治療、ダイエットあるいは痩身のために用いられる公知の食用素材を併用した組成物は好適である。なお、本発明の飲食用組成物は極めて多種類の形態にわたり、前記の例示に限定されるものではないが、肥満防止の点から油脂類や糖質を多量に含む食品類に添加した形態、前記の栄養補助食品や健康食品の形態が望ましい。
【0028】
前記の食品類や食用組成物における本発明の肥満抑制剤の配合量は、当該食品や飲食用組成物の種類、形態、利用目的や本肥満抑制剤の種類、形態等により一律に規定し難いが、一般の加工食品類に添加する場合では、例えば、本発明の肥満抑制剤がアカショウマの乾燥根茎を含水率50重量%の含水エタノールで抽出した抽出物:コレウス フォルスコリの乾燥根茎を水で抽出した抽出物:黄杞の乾燥葉を含水率30重量%の含水エタノールで抽出した抽出物=70:20:10(重量比)のものであれば、概ね0.01〜50重量%であり、より好ましくは0.1〜30重量%である。この範囲を外れて少ないと経口摂取による本発明の所望効果が小さく、逆に多すぎると食品の種類によっては風味を損ねたり、当該食品を調製することが不可能になる場合がある。なお、本発明の肥満抑制剤はそのまま食用に供しても差し支えない。
【0029】
本発明の医薬用組成物は、前記の肥満抑制剤に本発明の趣旨に反しない公知の賦形剤や添加剤を必要に応じて加え、常法により加工して錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、注射剤等の製剤となしたものである。経口あるいは経腸投与、血管投与又は皮内投与して、肥満の予防又は治療のために適用する。本発明の肥満抑制剤の配合量はその形態や前記医薬製剤の種類、形態、用法及び用量等により一律に設定し難いが、概ね0.01〜50重量%である。経口投与する場合の摂取量は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、肥満抑制剤がアカショウマの乾燥根茎を含水率20重量%の含水アセトンで抽出した抽出物をさらに酢酸エチルで分別精製した可溶画分:コレウス フォルスコリの乾燥根茎をアセトン抽出した抽出物:黄杞の乾燥葉をエタノールで抽出した抽出物=50:25:25(重量比)であるものの場合、成人(体重50Kg)1日あたり0.01〜20g、より好ましくは0.1〜10gである。この範囲を外れて少ないと所望の効果が低下し、逆に多すぎても更なる効果は期待できない。
【0030】
【実施例】
実施例1
アカショウマ(Astilbe thunbergii(SIEB.et ZUCC.)MIQ.)の乾燥根茎を約1cm角以下のサイズに破砕し、これをさらに粉砕機で処理して200タイラーメッシュをパスした微粉末(試料A−1)を調製した。
【0031】
実施例2
実施例1で得たアカショウマの根茎の破砕片1Kgをステンレス製抽出釜に仕込み、含水率40重量%の含水エタノール20Lを加え、時々かき混ぜながら50℃で8時間抽出処理した。ついで、残渣を濾別して抽出液を得、該抽出液から減圧下に溶媒を留去して赤褐色の抽出物(試料A−2)95gを得た。この抽出物中のベルゲニン含量をHPLCで分析した結果、10.7重量%であった。
【0032】
実施例3
実施例1で得たアカショウマの根茎の微粉末1Kgをステンレス製抽出釜に仕込み、含水率20重量%の含水アセトン10Lを加えて還流下で4時間抽出処理した後、濾過して抽出液と残渣に分けた。該残渣に再び前記含水アセトン5Lを加えて同様に処理して抽出液を得た。両抽出液をあわせて減圧下に溶媒を留去して赤褐色の抽出物(試料A−3)73g(ベルゲニン含量:9.5重量%)を調製した。
【0033】
実施例4
実施例3で得たアカショウマの根茎の抽出物(試料A−3)50gを蒸留水1Lに懸濁させ、該懸濁液を酢酸エチル300mLずつで4回に分けて溶剤分別処理に供し、溶媒を減圧留去して酢酸エチル可溶画分(試料A−4、ベルゲニン含量:21.0重量%)33g及び不溶画分(試料A−5、ベルゲニン含量:5.2重量%)15gの各精製物を調製した。
【0034】
実施例5
トリアシショウマ(Astilbe odontophylla MIQ.)の根茎を日干しにして乾燥後、この破砕片1Kgを実施例2と同様に処理して赤茶色の抽出物(試料A−6、ベルゲニン含量:13.3重量%)88gを得た。
【0035】
実施例6
コレウス フォルスコリ(Coleus forskohlii Briq.)の根を含む根茎の天日乾燥物を約5mm角以下のサイズに破砕し、これをさらに粉砕処理して200タイラーメッシュ通過の微粉末(試料C−1)を調製した。
【0036】
実施例7
実施例6で得たコレウス フォルスコリの破砕片1Kgをステンレス製抽出釜に仕込み、アセトン20Lを加えて還流下で5時間抽出処理した後、残渣を濾別して抽出液を得、該抽出液から溶媒を減圧留去して褐色の抽出物(試料C−2)103gを得た。この抽出物をHPLC分析したところ、5.4重量%のフォルスコリンを含有していた。
【0037】
実施例8
実施例7で得たコレウス フォルスコリの根茎の抽出物(試料C−2)50gに含水率5重量%の含水エタノール1Lを加え、室温にて時々かき混ぜながら抽出処理して可溶分と不溶分とに分け、溶媒を減圧留去してエタノール可溶画分(試料C−3)39g及び不溶画分(試料C−4)10gの各精製物を調製した。
【0038】
実施例9
黄杞(Engelhardtia chrysolepis HANCE)の乾燥葉を約5mm角以下のサイズに破砕し、さらに粉砕処理して200タイラーメッシュ通過の微粉末(試料E−1)を調製した。
【0039】
実施例10
実施例9で得た黄杞の葉の破砕片1Kgをステンレス製抽出釜に仕込み、含水率20重量%の含水エタノール10Lを加えて60〜70℃で3時間抽出処理した後、残渣を濾別して抽出液を得、該抽出液から溶媒を減圧留去して赤褐色の抽出物(試料E−2)77gを得た。この抽出物中のアスチルビン含量は17重量%であった(HPLC分析による)。
【0040】
比較例1
ガルシニア カンボジア果皮、ギムネマ シルベスタ葉、グアバ葉及びブドウ種子の各乾燥物を50重量%エタノールで抽出処理し、それぞれヒドロキシクエン酸、ギムネマ酸、タンニン(ポリフェノール)、プロアントシアニジンを含む各抽出物を得た。
【0041】
試験例
本発明に係るアカショウマ、コレウス フォルスコリ、黄杞及びその他原料の各種加工処理物について、以下に述べる方法で肥満抑制試験を行った。
(1)ノルエピネフリンにより誘導される脂肪細胞の脂肪分解能:
5週齢のウィスター系雄性ラット(日本クレア(株)から購入)に実験用標準飼料(オリエンタル酵母(株)製)及び水を自由摂取させて飼育した6週齢ラット(体重:140〜155g)を頚椎脱臼により屠殺し、直ちに副睾丸脂肪組織を除去した。ついで、ロドベルの方法(Rodbell,M.,J.Biol.Chem.,239,375−380,1964)により、該脂肪組織から脂肪細胞を単離して採取した。
【0042】
前記脂肪細胞フラクションの一部(50μL)をハンクス・バランス液(pH7.4)200μL中で、37℃にて1時間インキュベートした。なお、ここで使用したハンクス・バランス液は、2.5%ウシ血清アルブミン(和光純薬工業(株)製。但し、遊離脂肪酸を除去処理済み。)、ノルエピネフリン(三共(株)製)25μL(最終濃度として0.05μg/mL)及び、試験物質含有溶液(試料A−1〜A−6、C−1〜C−4、E−1〜E−2及びこれらの混合物等のいずれか1種を、ハンクス・バランス液(pH7.4)に最終反応物中の試験物質濃度が100μg/mLとなるように溶解ないし分散させた試験溶液として)25μLを添加したものである。
【0043】
インキュベートした後、生成する遊離脂肪酸量を次のようにして測定した。操作はすべて25℃で行った。すなわち、前記のインキュベートした液250μLを入れた試験管に2%メタノール含有クロロホルム/n−ヘプタン(1/1)混液3mLを加え、振とう器で10分間水平振とうして抽出処理した後、5分間遠心分離(2000×g)し、上層を吸引除去した。ついで、下層に銅試薬1mLを添加し、10分間振とう後、10分間遠心分離(2000×g)した。
【0044】
次に、抽出された脂肪酸の銅塩を含む上部有機層0.5mLを、0.05%の3−(2)−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシアニソール含有のクロロホルム中、0.1重量/容量%濃度の金属キレート化剤(バソキュプロイン:2,9−ジメチル−4,7−ジフェニル−1,10−フェナンスロリン)0.5mLで処理し、分光光度計(日本分光(株)製、ORD/UV−5スペクトロメーター)で480nmにおける吸光度を測定した。
【0045】
脂肪分解能は脂肪細胞1mLから1時間あたりで生成する遊離脂肪酸量(μモル)として求め、各試験物質の脂肪分解能は、対照試験においてノルエピネフリン(添加量:0.05μg/mL反応混合物)のみによる遊離脂肪酸生成量(実測値:6.01±0.08μmol/mL充填脂肪細胞/hr)を100としたときの相対値(n=3〜5の平均値の比較)で示した。なお、本実験系では、ノルエピネフリン及び試験物質を添加しない場合の脂肪分解能はゼロであった。この結果を表1に示す。
【0046】
【表1】

Figure 0004432069
【0047】
表1のデータから、ノルエピネフリンにより誘導される脂肪細胞の脂肪の加水分解能は、アカショウマやトリアシショウマの根茎の乾燥粉末、含水エタノール抽出物、含水アセトン抽出物及びその酢酸エチル可溶画分において顕著な効果を奏することが明らかになった。また、アカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物の加工処理物とコレウス フォルスコリの加工処理物との混合物、該混合物とさらに黄杞の加工処理物との混合物では脂肪細胞からの脂肪の加水分解能が相乗的に増強されることが明らかになった。
【0048】
(II)ACTHにより誘導される脂肪細胞の脂肪分解能:
本試験方法は、前述の(I)の試験法において、ノルエピネフリン(三共(株)製)25μL(最終濃度として0.05μg/mL)をACTH(第一製薬(株)製)25μL(最終濃度として0.5μg/mL)に置き換えること以外は同条件に設定して行った。この結果を表2に示す。なお、同表において、脂肪分解能はノルエピネフリン添加の場合と同義であり、各試験物質の脂肪分解能は対照試験においてACTH(添加量:0.5μg/mL反応混合物)のみによる遊離脂肪酸生成量(実測値:2.35±0.03μmol/mL充填脂肪細胞/hr)を100としたときの相対値(n=4の平均値の比較)で示した。また、本実験系ではACTH及び試験物質を添加しない場合の脂肪分解能はゼロであった。
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 0004432069
【0050】
表2のデータから、ACTHにより誘導される脂肪細胞の脂肪の加水分解能は、試料A−1〜A−4及びA−6のいずれによっても促進され、試料C−1〜C−3によっても若干促進されるが、とりわけアカショウマやトリアシショウマの根茎の各種加工処理物(乾燥粉末、含水エタノール抽出物、含水アセトン抽出物及びその酢酸エチル可溶画分)において顕著な効果を奏することが明らかになった。また、アカショウマ等のチダケサシ属の植物の各加工処理物とコレウス フォルスコリや黄杞の各加工処理物とを併用した場合にはACTH誘導による脂肪細胞からの脂肪の加水分解能が相乗的に増強されることが認められた。
【0051】
(III)インシュリンにより誘導されるグルコースからの脂肪形成能:
前述の(I)の試験法で用いた脂肪細胞フラクションの一部(50μL)をハンクス・バランス液(pH7.4)200μL中で、37℃にて1時間インキュベートした。なお、該ハンクス・バランス液は、2.5%ウシ血清アルブミン(前記(I)の試験法で使用したものと同じ。)、[U−14C]グルコース25μL(最終濃度として0.5μCi=18.5KBq/mL)、インシュリン(シグマ社製、試薬グレード)25μL(最終濃度として1nM)及び、試験物質含有溶液(試料A−1〜A−6、C−1〜C−4及びこれらの混合物のいずれか1種を、ハンクス・バランス液(pH7.4)に最終反応物中の試験物質濃度が100μg/mLとなるように溶解ないし分散させた試験溶液として)25μLを添加したものである。
【0052】
ついで、文献(Dole,V.P.,J.Clin.Invest.,35,150−154,1956)に記載のドール抽出混合物5mLを加えて反応を停止させ、試験管を5分間強く振り、さらにヘプタン3mL及び蒸留水2mLを添加して5分間強く振とうした。上層(ヘプタン層)の3mLを栓付試験管に移し、同量の0.05モル水酸化ナトリウム含有の50%エタノールとともに激しく振とうして遊離脂肪酸を除去した。この後、ヘプタン層1mLとシンチレーション液(ACSII、アマーシャム社製)10mLを計測用硝子瓶に採り、パッカード液体シンチレーション・カウンターを用いて放射能値を測定した。
【0053】
脂肪形成能は脂肪細胞1mL、1時間あたりのDPMとして求め、各試験物質の脂肪形成能は、対照試験においてインシュリンのみ添加によるDPM量(実測値:(56±2)×10−4/mL充填脂肪細胞/hr)を100としたときの相対値(n=3の平均値の比較)で示した。この結果を表3に示す。なお、本実験系では、インシュリン及び試験物質を添加しない場合のDPM実測値は(27±2)×10−4/mL充填脂肪細胞/hrであり、前記基準の相対値は48であった。この値は、インシュリン無添加下で各試験物質の添加量を増やしてもほとんど変化がなかった。
【0054】
【表3】
Figure 0004432069
【0055】
このデータから、インシュリンの添加により脂肪細胞中でグルコースから脂肪の形成能が増加するが、この脂肪形成能はインシュリン共存下において試料A−1〜A−4及びA−6のいずれの添加によっても抑制されて減少し、とりわけアカショウマやトリアシショウマの根茎の加工処理物(乾燥粉末、含水エタノール抽出物、含水アセトン抽出物及びその酢酸エチル可溶画分)において顕著な脂肪形成抑制効果が認められた。また、アカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物と、コレウス フォルスコリや黄杞の各加工処理物とを併用すると脂肪細胞における脂肪形成能が相乗的に抑制されることが明らかになった。
【0056】
(IV)膵臓リパーゼによる脂肪分解能:
シグマ社から購入した試薬グレードのオレイン酸トリグリセリド80mg、ホスファチジルコリン10mg、タウロコール酸5mg及び0.1モル/L塩化ナトリウムを含むトリス緩衝液(N−トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル−2−アミノエタンスルホン酸、pH7.0)9mLを5分間超音波処理し、この0.1mLに膵臓リパーゼ0.05mL(10ユニット)及び所定濃度の試験物質溶液(前記緩衝液に溶解ないし分散させたもの)0.1mLを加えて37℃で30分間インキュベートした。このインキュベート液を前述の(I)の試験法と同様に処理し、生成した遊離脂肪酸量を測定した。膵臓リパーゼ活性、すなわち該リパーゼによる脂肪分解能は前記インキュベート液である反応混合物1Lから1時間あたりに生成するオレイン酸のモル数として求め、各試験物質を共存させた場合のリパーゼ活性は、試験物質を添加しない対照試験におけるリパーゼ活性を100としたときの相対値(n=4の実測値の平均値の比較)で示した。この結果を表4に示す。
【0057】
【表4】
Figure 0004432069
【0058】
表4のデータから、膵臓リパーゼによる脂肪分解能は、アカショウマ等の加工処理物とコレウス フォルスコリや黄杞の加工処理物とを併用すると脂肪分解能の相乗的な抑制効果を奏することが明らかになった。
【0059】
(V)高脂肪食の長期投与試験:
3週齢のICR系雌性マウス(日本クレア社から購入)を、温度及び湿度の管理下、12時間の明暗サイクルで、餌料及び水を自由摂取させて1週間飼育後、高脂肪食餌料を8週間にわたり摂取させ、体重を測定した。なお、対照群の高脂肪食餌料組成(単位:重量%)は、牛脂40、コーンスターチ10、砂糖9、ミネラル混合物(オリエンタル酵母(株)製、AIN−76)4、ビタミン混合物(同社製、AIN 1977)1及びカゼイン36とし、試験物質を添加した場合はカゼインの一部を試験物質(5重量%)に置き換えた餌料とした。この結果を表5に示す。同表中の数字は平均値±標準誤差を表わす(n=14、ANOVA統計処理)。なお、本試験の対照群及び試験群ともに摂取エネルギー量に有意差は認められなかった。
【0060】
【表5】
Figure 0004432069
【0061】
このことから、高脂肪食のみを8週間摂取した場合に比べて、アカショウマの各加工処理物(試料A−1〜A−4、A−6)を添加した場合に体重が減り、アカショウマの各加工処理物(試料A−1〜A−4及びA−6)と、コレウス フォルスコリ、さらには黄杞の加工処理物とを併用すると体重減少等において相乗効果が認められた。
【0062】
実施例11
試料A−2及び試料C−3の混合物(1:1、重量比)からなる本発明の肥満抑制剤120mgにガルシニア・カンボジア果皮エキス30mg、ミツロウ50mg及びボラージ油50mgを加え、約45℃で十分に混合して均質な状態にし、これをカプセル充填機に供して一粒あたり内容量が250mgのゼラチン被覆カプセル製剤を試作した。本カプセル製剤をダイエット希望のボランティア(体脂肪率基準の肥満度が20%以上の成人男女)15名対象に1日あたり1粒、2週間摂取のモニター試験に供したところ13名に体重減少が認められ、うち9名には顕著な効果が認められた。この製剤は経口摂取が可能な肥満抑制用の飲食用組成物又は医薬用組成物として利用できる。なお、本発明の肥満抑制剤を試料A−2のみ、試料A−6のみ又は試料C−2のみの各同量とし、他の条件は同一にしてカプセル製剤を試作した。これらの肥満抑制効果は小さいものであった。
【0063】
実施例12
試料A−2:試料C−1=3:2(重量比)からなる本発明の肥満抑制剤5.0Kgを化工澱粉(松谷化学(株)製、商品名:パインフロー)3.5Kg、第三リン酸カルシウム0.3Kg、ビタミンB0.3Kg、ビタミンB0.3Kg、ビタミンB0.2Kg及びビタミンC0.4Kgとともに配合機に仕込み10分間攪拌混合した。該混合物を直打式打錠機に供給して直径7mm、高さ4mm、重量150mgのタブレットを作成した後、コーティング機でシェラック薄膜をコーティングして錠剤形状の食品を試作した。
【0064】
実施例13
家庭用ホイッパーにバター100g、ショートニング120g、上白糖90g及び牛乳100mLを入れ、攪拌しながら鶏卵1個を加えて十分に混合した後、薄力粉190g、ベーキングパウダー1gとともに試料A−1及び試料C−2の混合物(3:1、重量比)からなる本発明の肥満抑制剤10gを添加して十分に捏ねあわせた。これを30分間ねかせた後、金型で50個に分割し、オーブンで焼いてバタークッキーを試作した。
【0065】
実施例14
市販の野菜ジュース1Lに、試料A−2:試料E−2:葡萄種子エキス(インターヘルス社製、商品名:アクティビン)=2:1:1(重量比)からなる本発明の肥満抑制剤5gを加えて混合し、肥満防止用野菜ジュースを試作した。これは元の野菜ジュースと比較して色調、風味において何ら遜色のないものであった。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、チダケサシ属に属する植物であるアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマ由来のベルゲニン含有物と、少なくともコレウス フォルスコリ由来のフォルスコリン含有物及び/又は黄杞由来のアスチルビン含有物とを含有してなる、脂肪細胞におけるインシュリンによるグルコースからの脂肪形成を抑制する剤である肥満抑制剤が提供される。この肥満抑制剤は、ベルゲニンを含有するアカショウマ等のチダケサシ属に属する植物の根及び/又は根茎の乾燥粉末、その抽出物又は精製物、フォルスコリンを含有するコレウスフォルスコリの根及び/又は根茎の乾燥粉末、その抽出物又は精製物、また、アスチルビンを含有する黄杞の葉及び/又は樹皮の乾燥粉末、その抽出物又は精製物を組み合わせて実施することができる。本発明の肥満抑制剤は、これに含まれる前記成分に起因して、ノルエピネフリンにより誘導される脂肪細胞の脂肪の加水分解能を促進させ、ACTHにより誘導される同細胞の脂肪の加水分解能を促進させ、及びインシュリンによって誘導される同細胞中のグルコースからの脂肪の形成能を抑制する抗肥満効果を奏する。また、膵臓リパーゼによる脂肪の加水分解能を阻害し、したがって腸管からの脂肪の吸収を抑制し、高脂肪食の摂取による体重増加を抑制する抗肥満効果を奏する。原料起源が異なる前記加工処理物を併用する本発明の肥満抑制剤は相乗的に顕著な抗肥満効果を奏する。本発明では、また、前記肥満抑制剤を配合してなる飲食用組成物又は医薬用組成物が提供され、これは肥満症状の予防、治療、痩身、減体重、ダイエット等のために有効利用され得るものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has a strong anti-obesity action using specific ingredients as raw materials Adipogenesis inhibitor (hereinafter referred to as obesity inhibitor in the present invention) And its use. More specifically, a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus such as red ginger containing bergenin, and coleus forskori containing at least forskolin and / or jaundice containing astilbine. Combined use The present invention relates to an obesity inhibitor and a composition for food and drink or a pharmaceutical composition using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the disparity between the increase in energy consumption due to Western dietary forms and overeating and the decrease in energy consumption due to lack of exercise has increased, obesity has increased, and obesity has attracted attention as a cause of lifestyle-related diseases. In general, an obese state is a result of abnormal accumulation of energy sources such as carbohydrates and lipids that are not consumed by activities such as exercise among the ingested energy as a result of abnormal accumulation in living tissue, particularly subcutaneous fat tissue and organ peripheral tissues. Is a state in which the skeletal system or the physiological function is exceeded. When the obesity state becomes chronic, it is said that diseases such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, fatty liver, cholelithiasis, and kidney damage are likely to occur as complications.
[0003]
In order to prevent obesity, many attempts have been made to prevent obesity not only through treatment and prevention in the medical field but also through meals taken on a daily basis. That is, L-carnitine or a livestock peptide containing the same (JP-A-7-196485, JP-A-10-66515, as a material aimed at promoting fat metabolism and combustion or suppressing the accumulation of body fat) JP-A-2000-256200), algae extract (JP-A-2000-72642), fruit polyphenol (JP-A-10-330278), conjugated polyene fatty acid (JP-A-2000-355538), specific A mixture of amino acids and xanthine derivatives (JP-A-10-330264), soybean and egg yolk phospholipids (JP-A-10-84880), diterpene compounds (JP-A-2001-508801), and the like have been proposed Yes.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even if these materials are used alone, they are actually less effective, based on simple experimental results that are not practical, or must be consumed in large amounts in normal dietary forms, None of them were able to exhibit a sufficiently satisfactory effect. In view of the present situation, in the present invention, in order to prevent obesity, the present invention has a powerful anti-obesity action that can effectively inhibit the absorption of fat taken in the diet or can effectively promote the metabolism of fat in living tissues. An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition derived from a natural product, and to provide it as a composition in an aspect that can be effectively used industrially.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies on the relationship between a large number of plant raw materials and their extracts and lipid metabolism, and as a result, the genus Pleurotus, including red pepper, containing bergenin as a specific component. The present inventors have found that a composition combining a plant belonging to the above and a specific plant-derived component described below significantly exhibits the desired effect of the present invention, and has completed the present invention.
[0006]
That is, according to the present invention, Insulin in adipocytes, comprising a bergenin-containing product derived from red or tricholoma, which is a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus, and at least a forskolin-containing material derived from Coleus forskori and / or an astilbine-containing material derived from jaundice It is an agent that suppresses fat formation from glucose An obesity inhibitor is provided. Moreover, the food-drinking composition or pharmaceutical composition formed by mix | blending this is provided. Here, the plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus is a plant classified into the genus Astilbe belonging to the family of the genus Asteraceae, and a typical example thereof is red pepper, and its root and / or rhizome dry powder or extract (hereinafter referred to as extract). It is preferable to use a purified product. As for Coleus forskori, it is preferable to use a dried powder of roots and / or rhizomes, an extract thereof or a purified product thereof, which is a Labiatae plant, Coleus forskohlii. For the jaundice, it is desirable to use a dry powder of bark and / or leaves of an walnut family plant such as Engelhardtia chrysolesis HANCE, an extract or a purified product thereof.
[0007]
The extracts of plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus used in the present invention, Coleus forskohlii and jaundice are preferably extracted using water or a hydrophilic organic solvent, and in particular, extracted using ethanol, acetone or a hydrated product thereof. It is desirable that The plant extract belonging to the genus Pleurotus is more preferably an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an extract using hydrous acetone. Moreover, the composition for food and drink and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are characterized by comprising the anti-obesity agent composition.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the obesity inhibitor of the present invention is characterized by containing bergenin and at least forskolin and / or astilbine. Bergenin belongs to isocoumarins, forskolin is a compound of diterpenes, and astilbine is a dihydroflavonol glycoside that is a kind of polyphenol. Bergenin is contained in plants belonging to the Euphorbia genus Euphorbia (eg Akamegasiwa) and plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus. As a raw material of bergenin, a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus is preferable. Plants belonging to the genus Astilbe are classified into the family Uchinosidae, and there are various examples of those according to the present invention, as will be described later, but representative examples include red pepper (scientific name: Astilbe thunbergii (SIEB. EtZUCC.) MIQ.) be able to. A red ginger is a perennial that grows naturally in the mountains of Japan. Its rhizome is called red hemp, and since ancient times it has been used as a substitute for hemp (Cimifuga simplex WORMSKJORD, etc.) for the purpose of lower fever, detoxification, and anti-inflammation. Has been used. In the present invention, what is referred to as red hemp or red hemp is also included.
[0009]
Examples of plants of the genus Tigetasis are Astilbe chinensis, Astilbe austrosinensis, Astilbe thunbergii, Astilbe thunbergii (SIEB. Et ZUCC.) Miq. : Akashouma, Astilbe thumbergii (SIEB. Et ZUCC.) MIQ. var. congesta BOISS. (= Astilbe odontophylla MIQ.): Triacioma, Astilbe polyandra, Astilbe grandis, Astilbe rivalaris, Astilbe japonica (MORR. Et DECNE.) GRAY: Awamorishouma, Astilbe micro-phylla KNOLL: Prickly pear.
[0010]
Plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus such as red pepper used in the present invention Containing bergenin The aspect of the above is preferably the root and / or rhizome of the plant, the root and / or rhizome itself, those subjected to processing such as drying, shredding or pulverization, an extract obtained by extracting these with a solvent, An extract obtained by removing the solvent from the extract, and the extract was subjected to purification treatment such as column chromatography using an adsorbent such as silica gel, magnesium silicate, ion exchange resin, activated alumina, cellulose, activated carbon, and solvent fractionation. Any of purified products may be used. When used for food and drink applications, the plant roots and / or rhizomes are dried and appropriately pulverized, and the dried fragments and powders are extracted with water or a hydrophilic organic solvent. It is desirable from the viewpoint of convenience. Moreover, when using for a pharmaceutical use, the said extract, an extract, or a highly purified product is desirable.
[0011]
As hydrophilic organic solvents, lower monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and glycerin, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ether, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and These hydrates and mixtures can be exemplified. In order to efficiently obtain an extract for producing the desired effect of the present invention, it is preferable to use ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and a hydrated product thereof as an extraction solvent. The water content of the hydrated product is, for example, 1 to 99% by weight in the case of ethanol, more preferably 10 to 50% by weight, and 1 to 50% by weight in the case of acetone, more preferably 10 to 30% by weight. In the case of ethyl acetate, it is 80 to 99% by weight, more preferably 85 to 95% by weight. Outside these ranges, the desired effect of the present invention is reduced or the yield of the extract is reduced.
[0012]
In order to easily and efficiently obtain an extract of a plant belonging to the genus Chrysanthemum according to the present invention, extraction with water-containing ethanol or water-containing acetone is performed, and the extract is further fractionated with ethyl acetate, and the soluble fraction is collected. Is good. In the extraction treatment, the extraction solvent is added in an amount of about 1 to 100 times by weight with respect to the raw material to be treated, and the mixture is appropriately stirred at normal temperature or under pressure at room temperature or in a heated state for 10 minutes to several days. The insoluble matter can be removed by filtration or centrifugation, and the extract according to the present invention can be obtained. Further, the solvent is removed from the extract by known means such as vacuum distillation, spray drying, freeze drying, etc. Such an extract can be obtained.
[0013]
It is known that the roots and rhizomes of the plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus such as red ginger include flavonoids such as bergenin, astilbine, and astilbic acid in addition to starch and tannin. It is said to show pharmacological action (Shimada, H. et al., Yakugaku Zashi, 72, 578-588, 1952). On the other hand, in the present invention, the above-mentioned plant of the genus Pleurotus genus such as red ginger promotes the decomposition of fat induced by norepinephrine in animal adipocytes, and (2) adrenocorticotropin hormone It has been found that it stimulates lipolysis (hereinafter abbreviated as ACTH) and inhibits adipogenesis from glucose by (3) induction of insulin.
[0014]
Next, as a suitable raw material of forskolin used in the present invention, there can be mentioned Coleus forskori. Coleus forskohlii is a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, and its target is Coleus forskohlii Briq. Coleus Barbatus Benth. Plectranthus forskohlii Wild. , P.M. Barbatus Andr. , P.M. comosus Willemse. Etc. It is a plant with a height of several tens of centimeters to about 1 meter that grows naturally in tropical to subtropical dry or semi-arid climates such as India and Nepal, and has an annual stem and a perennial root. The rhizome contains forskolin, which is a diterpene compound, and its use has been promoted for use in pharmaceuticals because it has actions such as blood pressure lowering, muscle contraction, antithrombosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-glaucoma (Rupp R). H. et al., Eds., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Forskolin: its chemical, biological and medical potential, Hoechst India Limited, 5
[0015]
Forskolin also activates adenylate cyclase in cells to increase cyclic AMP, thereby activating protein kinase and activating hormone-sensitive lipase to promote fat hydrolysis in adipose tissue. The weight control method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-155313), a drug for reducing excess fat accumulation (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-169896), and a composition for increasing lean body mass (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-508801) Publication) etc. are proposed.
[0016]
Coleus forskori used in the present invention Containing forskolin derived from The form of the roots and / or rhizomes is desirable, the roots and / or rhizomes themselves, those subjected to processing such as drying, shredding or pulverization, extracts extracted by adding a solvent to these, An extract obtained by removing the solvent from the extract, a purified product obtained by subjecting the extract to a purification process such as column chromatography packed with an adsorbent similar to that used for the purification process of red pepper extract or solvent fractionation. Either is acceptable. In order to obtain the desired effect of the present invention, when used for food applications, a powder obtained by drying and appropriately pulverizing the roots and / or rhizomes of Coleus forskori, shredded products or powders of the dried product with water and / or Alternatively, an extract extracted with a hydrophilic organic solvent is simple and convenient, and the above extract, extract or purified product is desirable for use in pharmaceutical applications.
[0017]
Suitable raw materials for astilbine used in the present invention include jaundice and red pepper. Jaundice is advantageous in terms of content. Jaundice is a plant belonging to the family Walnut family, Engelhardtia chrysolesis HANCE, E. roxburghiana LINDL, E.R. including formosana HAYATA. An evergreen tree that grows naturally in the southern part of China. Its leaves have a sweet taste. Since ancient times, dried leaves have been used as sweet tea, and have been used for detoxification, clean fever, healthy stomach, and analgesia. This leaf part contains as a characteristic component a kind of polyphenol, dihydroflavonols astilbine and its isomers (neoastilbine, isoastilbine, neoisoastilbine: all flavonoid glycosides bound with sugars such as rhamnose). As examples of utilization of jaundice and its components, in addition to the above, anti-inflammatory agents (JP-A-6-256194), whitening agents (JP-A-7-223933), diabetes prevention (JP-A-9-30984) , Hair nourishing / hair restoration (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-203933), elimination of active oxygen (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-122757), bone metabolism improving agent (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-179585), and the like.
[0018]
Jaundice used in the present invention Containing astilbine derived from The form of the leaves is preferably leaves, bark and / or stems, especially leaves are desirable, the part itself, which has been subjected to processing such as drying, shredding or crushing, and extracted by adding a solvent thereto Extraction liquid, extract obtained by removing the solvent from the extract, and column chromatography or solvent fractionation with the same adsorbent used for purifying the extract of red pepper or Coleus forskori. Any of the purified products subjected to In order to obtain the desired effect of the present invention, when used for food applications, powder obtained by drying and appropriately pulverizing leaves, bark and / or stems of jaundice, shredded products or powders of the dried products In addition, an extract extracted using a hydrophilic organic solvent is simple and convenient, and the above extract, extract or purified product is desirable for use in pharmaceutical applications.
[0019]
As described above, the hydrophilic organic solvent used for the extraction treatment of Coleus forskori and jaundice may be the same as in the case of plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus. In the present invention, it is preferable to use water, ethanol, acetone, or a water-containing solvent thereof as an extraction solvent for efficiently obtaining an extract exhibiting a desired effect, and further, acetone or water content is 50% by weight or less. Hydrous ethanol is more preferred. When the water content exceeds 50% by weight, the yield and desired activity of the extract are lowered.
[0020]
Coleus forskohlii and / or jaundice extraction treatment is necessary at room temperature or under heating under normal pressure or pressure by adding the extraction solvent in an equal weight or about 100 times by weight to the raw material in the above form. Accordingly, the extract is extracted for 10 minutes to several days with stirring, and the insoluble matter is removed by centrifugation or filtration. The extract according to the present invention can be obtained, and the extract is further subjected to vacuum distillation, freeze-drying, and spraying. The extract according to the present invention can be obtained by removing the solvent by means such as drying.
[0021]
Desirable embodiments of the obesity-suppressing agent of the present invention include a plant belonging to the genus Pterodum obtained as described above, for example, the root and / or rhizome of red pepper, a dried product, an extract or a purified product thereof, and at least the root of Coleus forskori. // Rhizome, dried product, extract or purified product thereof, and / or leaves and / or bark of jaundice, dried product, extract or purified product thereof as essential ingredients.
A more desirable embodiment is a composition comprising both those derived from the plant of the genus Pleurotus and those derived from Coleus forskori, most preferably an extract or purified product of rhizomes of red pepper, and an extract or purified product of Coleus forskori And a composition containing an extract or purified product of jaundice leaves.
[0022]
The obesity-suppressing effect is synergistically expressed by using a combination of the above-mentioned bergenin and plant-derived materials including 2-3 kinds of forskolin and astilbine. The blending ratio of the raw materials in the obesity inhibitor can be appropriately changed depending on the purpose and use of the obesity inhibitor, the production cost, etc. For example, the plant-derived raw material of the genus Pleurotus, the Coleus forskori-derived raw material and jaundice The weight ratio with respect to the total amount of the derived raw materials is 99/1 to 1/99, more preferably 99/1 to 50/50, and most preferably 90/10 to 60/40. The ratio of the Coleus forskori-derived material and the jaundice-derived material is arbitrary.
[0023]
In the obesity inhibitor of the present invention, various raw materials and ingredients can be used in combination as long as they do not contradict the gist of the present invention. For example, excipients, moisture-proofing agents, preservatives, toughening agents, thickeners, emulsifiers, antioxidants, sweeteners, acidulants, seasonings, colorants, fragrances and the like used in ordinary foods and pharmaceuticals are suitable. It is. Moreover, you may use together the well-known raw material used for the prevention and treatment of obesity, a diet, or slimming. Specific examples include Garcinia cambodia skin extract, hydroxycitric acid and salts thereof, grape seed extract, fruit polyphenols such as apples, mountain extract fruit extract, guava leaf extract, gymnema sylvesta leaf extract, ginkgo biloba extract, lipase inhibitor , Α- and β-amylase inhibitors, L-carnitine and animal meat peptides containing the same, green algal extracts such as Aosa and Aonori, brown algae extracts such as kombu, conjugated polyene higher fatty acids having 2 to 4 conjugated double bonds And its esters and salts, isomerized linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid and other glycerophospholipids derived from soybean and egg yolk, and their lyso forms, borage oil, evening primrose oil , Chili Powder and extract thereof, garlic extract, submarine powder, puerh tea leaf powder and extract thereof, nakanaka leaf powder and extract thereof, oolong tea leaf powder and extract thereof, psyllium seed coat, chitin, chitosan, xanthine derivatives, citrus aurantium extract extract, senna Examples thereof include leaf or stem extracts and skins. These examples are only part of those having an action of preventing or suppressing obesity, and do not limit the present invention.
[0024]
As described above, according to the present invention, obesity suppression has an effect of enhancing the fat resolution of living adipocytes induced by norepinephrine or ACTH and strongly inhibiting the ability of fat to form fat from glucose induced by insulin. An agent is provided. Here, preferred embodiments of bergenin, forskolin, and astilbine are plants of the genus Pleurotus, Coleus forskohlii, and jaundice, respectively, and are dry powders, extracts, or purified products thereof. Such an obesity inhibitor may be used as it is for the desired purpose of the present invention, but the present invention also provides a composition comprising this. As an aspect of the composition, a composition for eating or drinking or a composition for pharmaceuticals is preferable.
[0025]
The composition for eating and drinking of the present invention comprises the above-described obesity inhibitor, that is, bergenin, forskolin and / or astilbine, the plant of which belongs to the genus Pichia such as red pepper, Coleus forskohlii and / or The obesity inhibitor comprising jaundice is blended.
[0026]
As an aspect of this eating and drinking composition, the dry powder, extract or purified product of the raw material is used as it is or the obesity inhibitor is liquid, gelled, powdered or solid food, for example, fruit juice drink, soft drink, Seasonings such as tea, soup, jelly, yogurt, pudding, cake mix, sprinkle, miso, soy sauce, dressing, mayonnaise, grilled meat sauce, noodles, processed meat and meat products such as ham and sausage, jam, milk, cream, butter And cheese or other powdered, solid or liquid dairy products, margarine, bread, cakes, cookies and the like.
[0027]
In addition, dextrin, lactose, starch or processed materials thereof, excipients such as cellulose powder, vitamins, minerals, fats and oils of animals and plants and seafood, proteins, sugars, pigments, flavors, and other edible additives as necessary Etc. and processed into powders, granules, pellets, tablets, etc., coated with gelatin or the like to form capsules, or made into drinks, which can be used as dietary supplements or health foods. At this time, the composition which used together the well-known edible material used for the said obesity prevention and its treatment, diet, or slimming is suitable. In addition, the composition for eating and drinking according to the present invention is not limited to the above examples over a wide variety of forms, but is added to foods containing a large amount of fats and sugars from the viewpoint of preventing obesity, The above-mentioned dietary supplements and health foods are desirable.
[0028]
The amount of the obesity-suppressing agent of the present invention in the foods and edible compositions is not easily defined by the type and form of the food and food-drinking composition, the purpose of use and the type and form of the obesity-suppressing agent. However, when added to general processed foods, for example, an extract obtained by extracting the dried rhizome of red pepper with water-containing ethanol having a water content of 50% by weight: the dried rhizome of Coleus forskori is extracted with water. If the extract obtained by extracting dried leaves of jaundice with water-containing ethanol having a water content of 30% by weight = 70: 20: 10 (weight ratio), it is generally 0.01 to 50% by weight, More preferably, it is 0.1 to 30% by weight. If it is less than this range, the desired effect of the present invention by ingestion is small. Conversely, if it is too much, depending on the type of food, the flavor may be impaired or it may be impossible to prepare the food. The obesity inhibitor of the present invention may be used for food as it is.
[0029]
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared by adding known excipients and additives that do not violate the gist of the present invention to the obesity inhibitor as necessary, and processing them by conventional methods to produce tablets, capsules, and granules. , Powders, injections and other preparations. Oral or enteral administration, vascular administration or intradermal administration is applied to prevent or treat obesity. The compounding amount of the obesity inhibitor of the present invention is generally not more than 0.01 to 50% by weight, although it is difficult to set uniformly depending on the form and the type, form, usage and dosage of the pharmaceutical preparation. The amount of intake for oral administration is not particularly limited. For example, an extract obtained by extracting a dried rhizome of red pepper with water-containing acetone having a water content of 20% by weight as an anti-obesity agent may be further fractionated and purified with ethyl acetate. Solute fraction: Extract obtained by extracting acetone from dried rhizomes of Coleus forskori: Extract obtained by extracting dried leaves of jaundice with ethanol = 50:25:25 (weight ratio), adult (weight 50 kg) 1 day 0.01 to 20 g per unit, more preferably 0.1 to 10 g. If it is less than this range, the desired effect is lowered, and if it is too much, no further effect can be expected.
[0030]
【Example】
Example 1
A dried rhizome of Astilbe thunbergii (SIEB. Et ZUCC.) MIQ. Was crushed to a size of about 1 cm square or less, and this was further processed by a pulverizer to give a fine powder that passed 200 Tyler mesh (Sample A-1 ) Was prepared.
[0031]
Example 2
1 Kg of red rhizome rhizome obtained in Example 1 was placed in a stainless steel extraction kettle, 20 L of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 40% by weight was added, and the mixture was extracted at 50 ° C. for 8 hours with occasional stirring. Subsequently, the residue was separated by filtration to obtain an extract, and the solvent was distilled off from the extract under reduced pressure to obtain 95 g of a reddish brown extract (sample A-2). As a result of analyzing the bergenin content in this extract by HPLC, it was 10.7% by weight.
[0032]
Example 3
1 Kg of red rhizome rhizome powder obtained in Example 1 was put into a stainless steel extraction kettle, 10 L of water-containing acetone having a water content of 20% by weight was added and subjected to extraction treatment under reflux for 4 hours, and then filtered to obtain an extract and a residue. Divided into. The residue was again added with 5 L of water-containing acetone and treated in the same manner to obtain an extract. Both extracts were combined and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to prepare 73 g (bergenin content: 9.5% by weight) of a reddish brown extract (sample A-3).
[0033]
Example 4
50 g of red rhizome rhizome extract (sample A-3) obtained in Example 3 was suspended in 1 L of distilled water, and the suspension was divided into 4 portions of 300 mL of ethyl acetate and subjected to solvent fractionation treatment. Were distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 33 g of ethyl acetate-soluble fraction (sample A-4, bergenin content: 21.0% by weight) and 15 g of insoluble fraction (sample A-5, bergenin content: 5.2% by weight). A purified product was prepared.
[0034]
Example 5
After drying and drying the rhizomes of tricholoma (Astilbe odontophylla MIQ.), 1 Kg of this crushed piece was treated in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a red-brown extract (sample A-6, bergenin content: 13.3 wt. %) 88 g was obtained.
[0035]
Example 6
The dried sun-dried material of the rhizome containing the roots of Coleus forskohlii Briq. Was crushed to a size of about 5 mm square or less and further pulverized to obtain fine powder (sample C-1) that passed through 200 Tyler mesh. Prepared.
[0036]
Example 7
1 kg of Coleus forskori crushed pieces obtained in Example 6 were placed in a stainless steel extraction kettle, 20 L of acetone was added and the mixture was extracted under reflux for 5 hours. The residue was filtered to obtain an extract, and the solvent was removed from the extract. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 103 g of a brown extract (sample C-2). The extract was analyzed by HPLC and contained 5.4% by weight forskolin.
[0037]
Example 8
To 50 g of the Coleus forskori rhizome extract obtained in Example 7 (sample C-2), 1 L of water-containing ethanol having a water content of 5% by weight was added and extracted at room temperature with occasional stirring to obtain soluble and insoluble components. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to prepare purified products of 39 g of ethanol-soluble fraction (sample C-3) and 10 g of insoluble fraction (sample C-4).
[0038]
Example 9
A dried leaf of jaundice (Engelhardtia chrysolesis HANCE) was crushed to a size of about 5 mm square or less, and further pulverized to prepare a fine powder (sample E-1) that passed through 200 Tyler mesh.
[0039]
Example 10
1 Kg of yellow cocoon leaf fragment obtained in Example 9 was charged into a stainless steel extraction kettle, 10 L of hydrous ethanol having a water content of 20% by weight was added and extracted at 60 to 70 ° C. for 3 hours, and then the residue was filtered off. An extract is obtained, and the solvent is distilled off from the extract under reduced pressure to obtain a reddish brown extract (sample E-2 ) 77 g was obtained. The astilbine content in this extract was 17% by weight (according to HPLC analysis).
[0040]
Comparative Example 1
Garcinia Cambodian peel, Gymnema sylvestre leaves, guava leaves and grape seeds were extracted with 50 wt% ethanol to obtain each extract containing hydroxycitric acid, gymnemic acid, tannin (polyphenol), and proanthocyanidins, respectively. .
[0041]
Test example
The obesity suppression test was conducted by the method described below for the various processed products of red pepper, coleus forskori, jaundice and other raw materials according to the present invention.
(1) Adipocyte lipolysis induced by norepinephrine:
6-week-old rats (body weight: 140 to 155 g) reared by allowing 5 weeks old male Wistar rats (purchased from Clea Japan Co., Ltd.) to freely ingest experimental standard diet (produced by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) and water. Was sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the testicular adipose tissue was immediately removed. The method of Rodbell (Rodbell, M., J. Biol. Chem., 239 , 375-380, 1964), adipocytes were isolated and collected from the adipose tissue.
[0042]
A part (50 μL) of the adipocyte fraction was incubated in 200 μL of Hanks Balance solution (pH 7.4) at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. The Hanks balance solution used here was 2.5% bovine serum albumin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., but free fatty acid was removed), norepinephrine (manufactured by Sankyo Co., Ltd.) 25 μL ( Final concentration 0.05 μg / mL) and any one of test substance-containing solutions (samples A-1 to A-6, C-1 to C-4, E-1 to E-2, and mixtures thereof) Is added to Hank's balance solution (pH 7.4) as a test solution dissolved or dispersed so that the test substance concentration in the final reaction product is 100 μg / mL.
[0043]
After the incubation, the amount of free fatty acid produced was measured as follows. All operations were performed at 25 ° C. Specifically, 3 mL of a 2% methanol-containing chloroform / n-heptane (1/1) mixture was added to a test tube containing 250 μL of the incubated solution, and the mixture was shaken horizontally for 10 minutes with a shaker and extracted. Centrifugation was performed for a minute (2000 × g), and the upper layer was removed by suction. Next, 1 mL of copper reagent was added to the lower layer, shaken for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged (2000 × g) for 10 minutes.
[0044]
Next, 0.5 mL of the upper organic layer containing the extracted fatty acid copper salt was added in 0.1% w / v in chloroform containing 0.05% 3- (2) -t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. % Metal chelating agent (vasocuproin: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) treated with 0.5 mL, spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, ORD / Absorbance at 480 nm was measured with a UV-5 spectrometer.
[0045]
Lipolysis is determined as the amount of free fatty acid (μmol) produced per hour from 1 mL of fat cells, and the lipolysis of each test substance is released only by norepinephrine (addition amount: 0.05 μg / mL reaction mixture) in the control test. The relative values (comparison of average values of n = 3 to 5) when the amount of fatty acid produced (actually measured value: 6.01 ± 0.08 μmol / mL filled adipocytes / hr) is defined as 100 are shown. In this experimental system, the fat resolving power when norepinephrine and the test substance were not added was zero. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004432069
[0047]
From the data in Table 1, the fat hydrolyzing capacity of adipocytes induced by norepinephrine is remarkable in dry powder of rhizomes of red pepper and triash, hydrous ethanol extract, hydrous acetone extract and its ethyl acetate soluble fraction. It became clear that there was an effect. In addition, a mixture of a processed product of the plant belonging to the genus Pichia such as red pepper and a processed product of Coleus forskori, and a mixture of this mixture and a processed product of jaundice have a synergistic effect on the hydrolytic ability of fat from fat cells. It became clear that it was strengthened.
[0048]
(II) Adipocyte lipolysis induced by ACTH:
This test method is the same as the test method of (I) described above in that 25 μL of norepinephrine (manufactured by Sankyo Co., Ltd.) (0.05 μg / mL as the final concentration) is 25 μL of ACTH (manufactured by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) The conditions were the same except that it was replaced with 0.5 μg / mL. The results are shown in Table 2. In the table, the lipolytic power is synonymous with norepinephrine addition, and the lipolytic power of each test substance is the amount of free fatty acid produced by ACTH (added amount: 0.5 μg / mL reaction mixture) only in the control test (actual value) : 2.35 ± 0.03 μmol / mL filled adipocytes / hr), relative to 100 (n = 4 average value comparison). Moreover, in this experimental system, the lipolytic ability when ACTH and the test substance were not added was zero.
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004432069
[0050]
From the data in Table 2, the fat hydrolyzing capacity of adipocytes induced by ACTH is promoted by any of Samples A-1 to A-4 and A-6, and slightly also by Samples C-1 to C-3. Although it is promoted, it is clear that it has a remarkable effect especially in various processed products (red powder, hydrous ethanol extract, hydrous acetone extract and ethyl acetate soluble fraction thereof) of rhizomes of red pepper and triaxia became. In addition, when each processed product of Pleurotus genus plants such as red pepper and each processed product of Coleus forskori and jaundice are used in combination, the hydrolytic ability of fat from fat cells by ACTH induction is synergistically enhanced. It was recognized that
[0051]
(III) Adipogenic ability from glucose induced by insulin:
A part (50 μL) of the adipocyte fraction used in the test method (I) described above was incubated in 200 μL of Hank's balance solution (pH 7.4) at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. The Hanks balance solution is 2.5% bovine serum albumin (the same as that used in the test method (I)), [U- 14 C] 25 μL of glucose (0.5 μCi = 18.5 KBq / mL as a final concentration), 25 μL of insulin (manufactured by Sigma, reagent grade) (1 nM as a final concentration), and a test substance-containing solution (samples A-1 to A-6) , C-1 to C-4 and any one of these mixtures were dissolved or dispersed in Hanks Balance solution (pH 7.4) so that the concentration of the test substance in the final reaction product was 100 μg / mL. As a test solution) 25 μL is added.
[0052]
The literature (Dole, VP, J. Clin. Invest., 35 , 150-154, 1956) was added to stop the reaction, and the test tube was shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. Further, 3 mL of heptane and 2 mL of distilled water were added and shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. 3 mL of the upper layer (heptane layer) was transferred to a stoppered test tube and vigorously shaken with the same amount of 50% ethanol containing 0.05 molar sodium hydroxide to remove free fatty acids. Thereafter, 1 mL of a heptane layer and 10 mL of scintillation liquid (ACSII, manufactured by Amersham) were taken in a measuring glass bottle, and the radioactivity value was measured using a Packard liquid scintillation counter.
[0053]
The adipogenic ability was determined as 1 mL of adipocytes per hour and DPM per hour, and the adipogenic ability of each test substance was determined by the amount of DPM by adding only insulin in the control test (actual value: (56 ± 2) × 10 -4 / ML filled adipocytes / hr), relative to 100 (n = 3 average value comparison). The results are shown in Table 3. In this experimental system, the measured DPM value without adding insulin and test substance is (27 ± 2) × 10. -4 The relative value of the standard was 48. This value hardly changed even when the amount of each test substance added was increased in the absence of insulin.
[0054]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004432069
[0055]
From this data, the addition of insulin increases the ability to form fat from glucose in adipocytes. This adipogenic ability can be achieved by adding any of Samples A-1 to A-4 and A-6 in the presence of insulin. Suppressed and decreased, especially in processed rhizomes of red and tricholoma rhizomes (dried powder, hydrous ethanol extract, hydrous acetone extract and its ethyl acetate soluble fraction), and a significant adipogenic inhibitory effect was observed. It was. In addition, it has been clarified that the adipogenic ability of adipocytes is synergistically suppressed when plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus such as red pepper are used in combination with processed products of Coleus forskori and jaundice.
[0056]
(IV) Fat resolution by pancreatic lipase:
Tris buffer solution (N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, 80 mg of reagent grade oleic acid triglyceride purchased from Sigma, 10 mg of phosphatidylcholine, 5 mg of taurocholic acid and 0.1 mol / L sodium chloride, 9 mL of pH 7.0) was sonicated for 5 minutes, and 0.1 mL of pancreatic lipase 0.05 mL (10 units) and 0.1 mL of a test substance solution (dissolved or dispersed in the buffer solution) having a predetermined concentration were added to 0.1 mL. In addition, it was incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. This incubation solution was treated in the same manner as in the test method (I) described above, and the amount of free fatty acid produced was measured. Pancreatic lipase activity, that is, lipolysis by the lipase, is determined as the number of moles of oleic acid produced per hour from 1 L of the reaction mixture as the incubation solution, and the lipase activity when each test substance coexists The relative value when the lipase activity in the control test without addition is defined as 100 (comparison of the average value of the actual measurement values of n = 4) is shown. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0057]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004432069
[0058]
From the data in Table 4, it became clear that the fat resolution by pancreatic lipase has a synergistic inhibitory effect on the fat resolution when processed products such as red pepper and processed products such as Coleus forskori and jaundice are used in combination.
[0059]
(V) Long-term administration test of high fat diet:
Three-week-old ICR female mice (purchased from CLEA Japan, Inc.) were reared for one week with free access to food and water in a 12 hour light / dark cycle under temperature and humidity control. Ingested over a week and weighed. The high-fat diet composition (unit:% by weight) of the control group is beef tallow 40, corn starch 10, sugar 9, mineral mixture (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., AIN-76) 4, vitamin mixture (manufactured by the company, AIN) 1977) 1 and casein 36. When a test substance was added, a part of casein was replaced with a test substance (5% by weight). The results are shown in Table 5. The numbers in the table represent the mean value ± standard error (n = 14, ANOVA statistical processing). There was no significant difference in the amount of energy consumed between the control group and the test group in this study.
[0060]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004432069
[0061]
From this, compared with the case where only a high fat diet was ingested for 8 weeks, when each processed product (samples A-1 to A-4, A-6) of red pepper was added, the body weight decreased, and each red pepper When the processed product (samples A-1 to A-4 and A-6) was used in combination with Coleus forskori and further processed product of jaundice, a synergistic effect was observed in weight loss and the like.
[0062]
Example 11
30 mg of Garcinia camphor skin extract, 50 mg of beeswax peel and 50 mg of borage oil are added to 120 mg of the obesity inhibitor of the present invention consisting of a mixture of sample A-2 and sample C-3 (1: 1, weight ratio). The mixture was made into a homogeneous state, and this was subjected to a capsule filling machine to produce a gelatin-coated capsule preparation having an inner volume of 250 mg per grain. This capsule preparation was subjected to a monitor test in which 15 volunteers (adult males and females with a body fat percentage based obesity degree of 20% or more) took 1 capsule per day for 2 weeks. Nine of them showed significant effects. This preparation can be used as a composition for eating or drinking for obesity that can be taken orally or a pharmaceutical composition. In addition, the obesity inhibitor of this invention was made into the sample A-2 only, the sample A-6 only, or the sample C-2 only, respectively, and the other conditions were made the same, and the capsule formulation was made as an experiment. These obesity-inhibiting effects were small.
[0063]
Example 12
Sample A-2: Sample C-1 = 3: 2 (weight ratio) of the obesity inhibitor of the present invention (5.0 kg), modified starch (manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Pine Flow), 3.5 kg, Calcium triphosphate 0.3Kg, vitamin B 1 0.3Kg, vitamin B 2 0.3Kg, vitamin B 6 Together with 0.2 kg and vitamin C 0.4 kg, it was charged into a blender and stirred and mixed for 10 minutes. The mixture was supplied to a direct tableting machine to prepare a tablet having a diameter of 7 mm, a height of 4 mm, and a weight of 150 mg, and then a shellac thin film was coated by a coating machine to produce a tablet-shaped food.
[0064]
Example 13
Put 100g butter, 120g shortening, 90g white sugar and 100ml milk into a home whipper, add 1 egg while stirring and mix well, then sample A-1 and sample C-2 together with 190g soft flour and 1g baking powder. 10 g of the obesity inhibitor of the present invention consisting of a mixture (3: 1, weight ratio) was added and kneaded sufficiently. This was allowed to stand for 30 minutes, then divided into 50 pieces with a mold and baked in an oven to produce a butter cookie.
[0065]
Example 14
The obesity inhibitor of the present invention comprising 1 L of commercially available vegetable juice and sample A-2: sample E-2: camellia seed extract (trade name: activin, manufactured by Inter Health) = 2: 1: 1 (weight ratio) 5 g was added and mixed to produce a vegetable juice for preventing obesity. This was comparable to the original vegetable juice in color tone and flavor.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, Insulin in adipocytes, comprising a bergenin-containing product derived from red or tricholoma, which is a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus, and at least a forskolin-containing material derived from Coleus forskori and / or an astilbine-containing material derived from jaundice It is an agent that suppresses fat formation from glucose An obesity inhibitor is provided. This obesity-suppressing agent is a dry powder of roots and / or rhizomes of plants belonging to the genus Pichia such as red pepper that contains bergenin, an extract or purified product thereof, and roots and / or rhizomes of Coleus forskori containing forskolin. A dry powder, an extract or a purified product thereof, and a dry powder of jaundice leaf and / or bark containing astilbine, an extract or a purified product thereof can be used in combination. The obesity inhibitor of the present invention promotes the fat hydrolyzing ability of adipocytes induced by norepinephrine and promotes the fat hydrolyzing ability of the same cells induced by ACTH due to the components contained therein. And an anti-obesity effect that suppresses the ability to form fat from glucose in the same cell induced by insulin. In addition, it inhibits fat hydrolytic ability by pancreatic lipase, thus suppressing fat absorption from the intestinal tract and producing an anti-obesity effect that suppresses weight gain due to intake of a high fat diet. The obesity-suppressing agent of the present invention, which is used in combination with the processed products of different raw material origin, synergistically exhibits a remarkable anti-obesity effect. The present invention also provides a food or drink composition or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the obesity inhibitor, which is effectively used for the prevention, treatment, slimming, weight loss, diet, etc. of obesity symptoms. To get.

Claims (6)

チダケサシ属に属する植物であるアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマ由来のベルゲニン含有物と、少なくともコレウス フォルスコリ由来のフォルスコリン含有物とを含有してなる、脂肪細胞におけるインシュリンによるグルコースからの脂肪形成抑制剤。An adipogenesis inhibitor from glucose by insulin in adipocytes, comprising a bergenin-containing product derived from red or tricholoma, which is a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus, and a forskolin-containing product derived from at least Coleus forskori. チダケサシ属に属する植物であるアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマ由来のベルゲニン含有物と、少なくともコレウス フォルスコリ由来のフォルスコリン含有物及び黄杞由来のアスチルビン含有物とを含有してなる、脂肪細胞におけるインシュリンによるグルコースからの脂肪形成抑制剤。From insulin-induced glucose in adipocytes, comprising a bergenin-containing product derived from red pepper or triashia, which is a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus, and a forskolin-containing material derived from at least Coleus forskori and an astilbine-containing material derived from jaundice Adipogenesis inhibitor. ベルゲニン含有物がアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマの根及び/又は根茎の抽出物又は精製物であり、フォルスコリン含有物がコレウス フォルスコリの根及び/又は根茎の抽出物又は精製物であり、アスチルビン含有物が黄杞の樹皮及び/又は葉の抽出物又は精製物である請求項1又は2に記載の脂肪形成抑制剤。Bergenin-containing material is an extract or purified product of red and / or rhizome roots and / or rhizomes, forskolin-containing material is an extract or purified product of Coleus forskori roots and / or rhizomes, and an astilbine-containing material is The adipogenesis inhibitor according to claim 1 or 2 , which is an extract or purified product of jaundice bark and / or leaves. チダケサシ属に属する植物であるアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマ、コレウス フォルスコリ及び黄杞の各抽出物が水又は親水性有機溶媒で抽出されたものである請求項に記載の脂肪形成抑制剤。The adipogenesis inhibitor according to claim 3 , wherein each of the extracts of Akashima or Triashoma, Coleus forskohlii and jaundice, which are plants belonging to the genus Pleurotus, is extracted with water or a hydrophilic organic solvent. 親水性有機溶媒がエタノール、アセトン又はこれらの含水物である請求項に記載の脂肪形成抑制剤。The fat formation inhibitor according to claim 4 , wherein the hydrophilic organic solvent is ethanol, acetone or a hydrated product thereof. チダケサシ属に属する植物であるアカショウマ又はトリアシショウマの抽出物が含水アセトン抽出物の酢酸エチル可溶画分である請求項のいずれか1項に記載の脂肪形成抑制剤。The adipogenesis inhibitor according to any one of claims 3 to 5 , wherein the extract of red pepper or triashia which is a plant belonging to the genus Pleurotus is an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a water-containing acetone extract.
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