JP4432049B2 - Shot peening method and shot peening condition setting method - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、ショットピーニング条件、ショットピーニング条件の設定方法に関する。より詳しくは、エア式ショットピーニング装置におけるショットピーニング強度を最適にするショットピーニング方法、ショットピーニング条件の設定方法に関する。 The invention also relates to shot peening conditions, to set how the shot peening conditions. More specifically, the shot peening process to optimize the shot peening intensity at the air type shot peening apparatus, relates to setting how the shot peening conditions.
従来、アークハイト値とカバレージはワークに対して最適の残留応力を付与するための投射条件を確認するための手段として用いられてきた（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
しかし、アークハイト値はショットピーニング処理の強度を表す指標として用いられるところ、処理の強度が大きくなるにつれ、反り量の増加が小さくなるので強度の大きい範囲では差が出にくいという問題があった。
一方、カバレージは約７０％より大きく１００％に近くなるにつれ重畳打痕が多くなり投射密度の多い範囲では差がでにくいという問題があった。１００％を超える場合には更にその差が出にくいという問題があった。
よって、処理の強度（圧力、投射量）を変化させてもアルメンストリップに現れる変化量が少ないので条件の比較が難しかった。
特に、エア式ショットピーニング装置の場合、ノズルを通過する空気重量に対して最適なショット重量を判定して条件を設定してはいないため、エネルギの観点では十分ではない。
Conventionally, the arc height value and the coverage have been used as means for confirming a projection condition for applying an optimum residual stress to a workpiece (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
However, the arc height value is used as an index representing the intensity of the shot peening process. However, as the intensity of the process increases, there is a problem that the increase in the amount of warpage becomes small, so that it is difficult to make a difference in a high intensity range.
On the other hand, there is a problem that as the coverage becomes larger than about 70% and close to 100%, the number of superimposed dents increases and it is difficult to make a difference in a range where the projection density is high. When it exceeds 100%, there is a problem that the difference is not easily generated.
Therefore, even if the processing intensity (pressure, projection amount) is changed, the amount of change that appears on the almen strip is small, so it is difficult to compare the conditions.
In particular, in the case of an air shot peening apparatus, the optimum shot weight is not determined with respect to the weight of air passing through the nozzle, and the conditions are not set.
本発明は、これらの問題を解決するためになされたものであり、エア式ショットピーニング装置において、ショットピーニング処理の強度の大きい範囲で、かつ、重畳打痕が多くなり投射密度の多い範囲の領域において、エネルギの無駄のないショットピーニング条件を容易に設定する方法及びこれを用いたショットピーニング方法を提供することにある。
つまり本発明は、無駄なエネルギを使わずに最大のショットピーニング効果を得ることを目的とする。
The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and in an air shot peening apparatus, an area having a large shot peening treatment intensity and a range having a large projection density due to an increase in overlapping dents. in is to provide a shot peening method using Re method及Biko to easily set the lean shot peening condition of the energy.
That is, an object of the present invention is to obtain the maximum shot peening effect without using wasted energy.
上記の目的を達成するために本発明のショットピーニング方法は、エア式ショットピーニング装置の圧力が一定である場合に所定のカバレージに到達したときの投射量とアークハイト値との相関をとることで、投射量を増加させていくにつれて急激なアークハイト値の落ち込みが始まる投射量を検出し、該検出した投射量からマイナス５０％の範囲の投射量までを最適投射量と設定して投射材を投射することを特徴とする。
また、上記の目的を達成するために本発明のショットピーニング条件の設定方法は、エア式ショットピーニング装置の圧力が一定である場合に所定のカバレージに到達したときの投射量とアークハイト値との相関をとることで、投射量を増加させていくにつれて急激なアークハイト値の落ち込みが始まる投射量を検出し、該検出した投射量からマイナス５０％の範囲の投射量までを最適投射量と設定して投射材を投射することを特徴とする。
つまり、エア式ショットピーニング装置において、圧力を一定とし、投射量を変化させ、任意のカバレージに到達したときのアークハイト値を判定することにより最も効率のよいショットピーニングを割り出すことを特徴とする。
Shot peening method of the present invention in order to achieve the above object, by correlating the projection amount and the arc height value when it reaches the predetermined coverage when the pressure of the air type shot peening apparatus is constant detects a projection amount of drop begins rapid arc height value as gradually increasing the projection amount, the optimal projection amount and set to shot media until the projection amount in the range from the projection amount minus 50% of that the detected It is characterized by projecting.
Further, in order to achieve the above object, the shot peening condition setting method of the present invention includes a projection amount and an arc height value when a predetermined coverage is reached when the pressure of the air shot peening apparatus is constant. setting correlation by taking detects a projection amount of drop begins rapid arc height value as gradually increasing the projection amount, the optimal projection amount to the projection amount in the range from the projection amount minus 50% of that the detected And projecting a projection material.
In In other words, the air-type shot-peening device, and the pressure of the constant, to change the projection amount, characterized in that to determine the most efficient shot peening by determining the arc height value when it reaches the arbitrary coverage .
本発明によれば、ショットピーニングによる効果を最大にしつつ、エネルギの無駄をなくすことができる。特に、カバレージが１００％近くになったとき、具体的には７０％以上であればエネルギの無駄を効率的に無くすことができる。より好ましくは、カバレージが１５０％以上２００％以下、更に好ましくは２００％より大きく５００％以下であれエネルギの無駄を無くすことができる。なお、カバレージが７０％より低い場合や５００％より大きい場合は実用されることが少ない。 According to the present invention, waste of energy can be eliminated while maximizing the effect of shot peening. In particular, when the coverage is close to 100%, specifically, if it is 70% or more, waste of energy can be efficiently eliminated. More preferably, the waste of energy can be eliminated if the coverage is 150% or more and 200% or less, and more preferably greater than 200% and 500% or less. Note that it is rarely used when the coverage is lower than 70% or larger than 500%.
また、本発明は、前記投射量と空気重量の比を算出することにより、どのような圧力、ノズル直径においても最適なショットピーニング条件を設定できることが確認できた。 Further, it was confirmed that the present invention can set the optimum shot peening conditions for any pressure and nozzle diameter by calculating the ratio of the projection amount and the air weight.
本発明において、「エア式ショットピーニング装置」とは、エアを用いてショットピーニングする装置であり、重力式、吸引式を問わない。「圧力」とは、投射材を投射するときの投射ノズル口での圧力をいう。この圧力はノズル口の直前のエア配管の圧力を調整することにより変えることができる。「投射量」とは、単位時間に投射する投射材の重量をいう。例えば、１分当たりの投射材の重量（Ｋｇ）をいう。「アークハイト値」とは、アルメンストリップと称する板状ワークを専用のホルダーに固定し、片面のみをショットピーニングしたときの反り返り量をいう。「投射量を増加させていくにつれて急激なアークハイト値の落ち込みが始まる投射量」とは、ピーニングの強度が出なくなる投射量と合致すると推定される。この判定の方法手段は問わない。「投射量を検出」するには、その方法手段は問わない。
最適投射量の範囲は、製品と投射材の硬度などにより決まる値であるが、検出した投射量から、マイナス５０％の範囲の投射量までが好ましい。検出した投射量より最適投射量が多くなるとピーニング強度が出ない。その一方、マイナス５０％を超えるとエア消費量の無駄が生じるからである。従って、エア消費量が少なく、かつ、ピーニング強度を確保するためには、マイナス５０％までが好ましく、更に好ましくはマイナス２０％の範囲である。
In the present invention, the “air type shot peening apparatus” is an apparatus that performs shot peening using air, regardless of gravity type or suction type. “Pressure” refers to the pressure at the projection nozzle opening when projecting the projection material. This pressure can be changed by adjusting the pressure of the air piping just before the nozzle opening. “Projection amount” refers to the weight of the projection material projected per unit time. For example, it refers to the weight (Kg) of the projection material per minute. The “arc height value” refers to the amount of warping when a plate-like workpiece called an almen strip is fixed to a dedicated holder and only one side is shot peened. It is estimated that the “projection amount at which the sharp drop in the arc height value starts as the projection amount is increased” matches the projection amount at which the peening intensity does not occur. There is no limitation on the method of determination. In order to “ detect the projection amount”, the method means does not matter.
The range of the optimum projection amount is a value determined by the hardness of the product and the projection material, but is preferably from the detected projection amount to a projection amount in the range of minus 50%. If the optimum projection amount is larger than the detected projection amount, the peening intensity does not appear. On the other hand, if it exceeds minus 50%, the air consumption is wasted. Therefore, in order to reduce the air consumption and secure the peening strength, it is preferably up to minus 50%, more preferably minus 20%.
また、「カバレージ」とは、ワークの加工面の面積Ａに対するショットピーニングによる打痕面積の総和Ｂの比で表されるものである。ショットピーニングの加工時間はＡ／Ｂ＝１となる時間であるフルカバレージタイムすなわち１００％カバレージ時間が加工基準となる。 Also, the term "coverage" is represented by the ratio of the sum B of the dent area by shot peening to the area A of the processing surface of the workpiece. The processing time of shot peening is a processing standard for full coverage time, that is, time when A / B = 1, that is, 100% coverage time.
以下、実施例に基づき発明を説明する。図１は本発明を実施するに当たって実行する手順を示している。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples. FIG. 1 shows a procedure executed in carrying out the present invention.
図２は、図１の手順に従って得られた「投射量とアークハイト値の関係を示す手段」の一例であり、「投射量とアークハイト値の関係を示す手段」は、グラフの形式でなくとも表の形式、その他データベースの形式でもよく、その形態は問わない。
このグラフは、投射材０．６ｍｍ径で、圧力０．３ＭＰａ、カバレージを１００％とした場合のグラフである。
図３において、領域Ａは、投射量が非常に少ない場合であり、アークハイト値が高い領域であり、投射量を少しでも少なくするとアークハイトが急激に大きくなる領域である。また、領域Ａでは、投射量が少ないため、カバレージを７０％以上の使用範囲にするまでに時間がかかり、カバレージ１００％になるまでの時間が非常に長く、装置のサイクルタイムが長くなり、実用的ではないが、より高いアークハイトが必要とされる場合有効な範囲である。領域Ｂは、投射量が通常使用される範囲に入ってきており、投射量を大きく変えてもアークハイトは急激に変化しない領域である。また、領域Ｂでは、投射量が多くなってきているため、カバレージを７０％以上の使用範囲にするまでに時間は短くなってきている。カバレージ１００％になるまでの時間は短くなり、装置のサイクルタイムは実用的になる。領域Ｃは、投射量が通常使用される範囲であるが、投射量を少し変えるとアークハイトは急激に小さくなる領域である。また、領域Ｃでは、投射量が多くなってきているため、カバレージを７０％以上の使用範囲にするまでに時間は短く効率的である。カバレージ１００％になるまでの時間は短くなり、装置のサイクルタイムは実用的になる。
領域Ｄは、投射量が非常に多い範囲であり、投射量が大きくアークハイトが小さくなる。従って、強度を十分に取ることができない領域である。
ここで投射材の単位時間当たりの投射量と、投射エアの単位時間当たりの比を「混合比」と定義すると、混合比を薄くすると衝突するショットの数が少なくなり、一定のショットが衝突することにより処理製品の信頼性を向上させるには、非常に時間がかかることになる。したがって、本発明では、混合比は２．０以上４．０以下が好ましい。
Figure 2 is an example of obtained according to the procedure of FIG. 1 "means showing the relationship between the projection amount and the arc height value", "means for indicating the relationship between the projection amount and the arc height value" is not in the form of graphs Both can be in the form of a table or other database, and the form is not limited.
This graph is a graph when the diameter of the projection material is 0.6 mm, the pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the coverage is 100%.
In FIG. 3, a region A is a case where the projection amount is very small, a region where the arc height value is high, and a region where the arc height increases rapidly when the projection amount is reduced as much as possible. In area A, since the amount of projection is small, it takes time until the coverage reaches a usage range of 70% or more, the time until the coverage reaches 100% is very long, and the cycle time of the apparatus becomes long. Although not ideal, it is an effective range when a higher arc height is required. The region B is a region where the projection amount is in a range where it is normally used, and the arc height does not change abruptly even if the projection amount is greatly changed. In the region B, since the projection amount is increasing, the time is shortened until the coverage is set to a use range of 70% or more. The time until the coverage reaches 100% is shortened, and the cycle time of the apparatus becomes practical. The area C is a range in which the projection amount is normally used, but the arc height is rapidly reduced when the projection amount is slightly changed. In the area C, since the projection amount is increasing, the time is short and efficient until the coverage is set to a use range of 70% or more. The time until the coverage reaches 100% is shortened, and the cycle time of the apparatus becomes practical.
Region D is a range in which the projection amount is very large, and the projection amount is large and the arc height is small. Therefore, this is a region where the strength cannot be sufficiently obtained.
Here, if the ratio of the projection material per unit time and the ratio of the projection air per unit time are defined as “mixing ratio”, if the mixing ratio is reduced, the number of colliding shots decreases, and certain shots collide. Therefore, it takes a very long time to improve the reliability of the processed product. Therefore, in the present invention, the mixing ratio is preferably 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less.
図３において、グラフ中の投射量が多い範囲（領域Ｃ）ではアークハイト値が急激に減少しているのがわかる。カバレージを基準とした場合、このような急激にアークハイト値が減少している条件で処理をしても、ピーニング強度が低く強度が出ずに、無駄が多い。
本発明は、投射量とアークハイト値の間に、上記のような関係があることに着目してなされたものである。
以下、本発明のショットピーニング方法について説明する。まず、任意の投射圧で投射量を変化させ、カバレージ１００％の時のアークハイト値を得た。次いで、投射量を横軸にとりアークハイト値を縦軸にとりグラフ化して整理した。そしてアークハイト値が急激に低下する投射量を検出した。検出した投射量より少ない量（検出した投射量の１０％少ない値）でショトピーニングを実行した。
このように、領域Ｂ（特にその右側領域）を効果的に使用するために、エア式ショットピーニング装置において、圧力が一定である場合の投射量とアークハイト値との相関をとることで、投射量を増加させていくにつれて急激なアークハイト値の落ち込みが始まる投射量を検出し、該検出した投射量の１０％少ない値を最適投射量として設定し、ピーニングを実行した。
さらに、前記最適投射量と前記圧力とノズル直径から計算される空気重量との比を算出する投射量空気重量比を算出した。この結果、ショットピーニング条件としては、最適投射量と空気重量との比（混合比）は、２．０以上４．０以下であった。
また、領域Ａにおいては最もピーニング強度が強かったが処理時間がかかり実用的ではなかった。このときの混合比は２．０より低かった。したがって、本発明では、混合比は２．０以上４．０以下が好ましいことがわかった。
本実施例ではカバレージを１００％としたが、カバレージを、１５０％、２００％、３００％、４００％、５００％と変化させて「投射量とアークハイト値の関係を示す手段」を作成したが、同様の結果となった。一方、カバレージを９０％より低くして「投射量とアークハイト値の関係を示す手段」を作成すると、７０％まで同様の結果となった。
In FIG. 3, it can be seen that the arc height value sharply decreases in the range (region C) where the projection amount is large in the graph. When coverage is used as a reference, even if processing is performed under such a condition that the arc height value is rapidly decreased, the peening strength is low and the strength is not high, which is wasteful.
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above relationship between the projection amount and the arc height value.
Hereinafter, the shot peening method of the present invention will be described. First, the projection amount was changed at an arbitrary projection pressure, and an arc height value was obtained when the coverage was 100%. Then, the projection amount was plotted on the horizontal axis and the arc height value was plotted on the vertical axis, and the graph was arranged. And the projection amount in which an arc height value falls rapidly was detected . Shot peening was executed with an amount smaller than the detected projection amount (a value 10% less than the detected projection amount).
Thus, in order to use the space B (in particular the right region) effective, in Pneumatic shot peening apparatus, by correlating the projection amount and the arc height value when a constant pressure, projection detecting a drop starts projection of rapid arc height value as gradually increasing amounts, set 10% less the value of the detected projection amount as the optimum projection amount was performed peening.
Furthermore, a projection amount air weight ratio for calculating a ratio of the optimum projection amount, the air weight calculated from the pressure and the nozzle diameter was calculated. As a result, as shot peening conditions, the ratio (mixing ratio) between the optimum projection amount and the air weight was 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less.
In the region A, the peening strength was the strongest, but the processing time was long and it was not practical. The mixing ratio at this time was lower than 2.0. Therefore, in the present invention, it was found that the mixing ratio is preferably 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less.
In this embodiment, the coverage is 100%, but the coverage is changed to 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, and 500% to create “means for indicating the relationship between the projection amount and the arc height value”. With similar results. On the other hand, when “the means for indicating the relationship between the projection amount and the arc height value” was created with the coverage lower than 90%, the same result was obtained up to 70%.
各種圧力すべてにおいてこのような条件を確認するトライをするのではなく、高いピーニング強度が出せる投射量と空気重量の比を算出し、この値をほかの圧力における投射量設定に使用する。
上記の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、高いピーニング強度が出せる投射量と空気圧力との関係を把握しておけば、高いピーニング強度を無駄のない投射量で実現できる。
Instead of the trie to verify these conditions in each species pressure all calculates the projection amount and the air weight ratios higher peening intensities put out, to use this value to the projection amount setting in addition to the pressure.
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, if the relationship between the projection amount capable of producing a high peening intensity and the air pressure is grasped, a high peening intensity can be realized with a lean projection amount.
本発明において、１度でも無駄のない投射量と圧力の関係をつかめば比例計算を実行することでほかの圧力においても最適な投射量を算出できる。 In the present invention, the optimum projection amount can be calculated even at other pressures by executing the proportional calculation if the relationship between the projection amount and the pressure is obtained even once.
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| JP5072885B2 (en) | 2009-03-04 | 2012-11-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | How to set shot peening conditions |
| JP6420095B2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2018-11-07 | ブラスト工業株式会社 | Blasting apparatus and blasting method |
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