JP4429909B2 - 椎間プロテーゼ - Google Patents

椎間プロテーゼ Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4429909B2
JP4429909B2 JP2004537345A JP2004537345A JP4429909B2 JP 4429909 B2 JP4429909 B2 JP 4429909B2 JP 2004537345 A JP2004537345 A JP 2004537345A JP 2004537345 A JP2004537345 A JP 2004537345A JP 4429909 B2 JP4429909 B2 JP 4429909B2
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Prior art keywords
prosthesis
core
plate
plates
peg
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JP2006500096A5 (ja
JP2006500096A (ja
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ビリアーズ, マラン デ
レインハルト ハーンル ウルリッヒ,
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ビリアーズ, マラン デ
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4611Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
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    • A61F2002/30362Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0065Three-dimensional shapes toroidal, e.g. ring-shaped, doughnut-shaped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0096Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
    • A61F2250/0098Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00856Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on metal nitrides
    • A61F2310/0088Coating made of titanium nitride

Description

(発明の背景)
本発明は、椎間プロテーゼに関する。
椎間板(spinal disc)に対する損傷が起こると、椎間プロテーゼを外科手術により移植して、損傷した器官を置き換えることは、公知の慣習である。この目的のためのいくつかの型のプロテーゼが公知であり、一般に使用されている。
公知の椎間プロテーゼの1つの型は、商標LINK(登録商標)SB Chariteの下でWaldemar Link GmbH&Coによって販売される。このプロテーゼは、隣接する椎骨本体に対して位置し、かつ係合する、上側および下側のプロテーゼ板、およびその板の間に摩擦コアを備える。そのコアは、上側および下側の凹型に弯曲した表面を有し、その板は、そのコアの弯曲した表面と協働する、対応する凹型に弯曲したくぼみを有する。このことは、その板がそのコア上をスライドして、必要とされる脊髄の動きを発生させることを可能にする。その板における弯曲したくぼみは、環状リッジによって囲まれ、その環状リッジは、その板がコアの上をスライドする動きの制限において、そのコアの弯曲した表面の周りを囲む対向する球状チャネルに位置する。
この型の配置はまた、EP0 560 140およびEP0 560 141(ともに、Waldemar Link GmbH&Co)において記載される。しかし、このような配置の欠点は、周辺リブおよびチャネルの設備が、その板とコアとの間のベアリング接触およびスライド接触に利用可能な領域を制限し、よって負荷がプロテーゼによって伝達され得ることである。相対的に小さなベアリング領域の結果として、少なくともそのコアが、急激な摩耗を受けやすく、比較的短い寿命を有すると考えられる。
EP 0 560 141はまた、そのコアの弯曲した表面がその板における細長い溝に位置する対向した細長いキー(key)を有する1つの代替的配置、およびそのプレートが、そのコアの対向する弯曲した表面における細長い溝に位置する対向した細長いキーを有する別の代替的配置を記載する。これらのキーおよび溝の配置は、1つの平面のみにおいて、そのプレートがその溝の長さの制限内でそのコアの上を自由にスライドすることを可能にする。その溝におけるキーのいくつかの横方向の役割が許容されるが、その板がそのコアの上をスライドする動きは、直交した垂直平面においてほとんど生じ得ず、このことは、この設計において重大な欠点であると考えられる。
(発明の要旨)
本発明に従って、隣接する椎骨の間に挿入するための椎間プロテーゼが提供され、そのプロテーゼは、以下を備える:それぞれの椎骨に対して位置づけ可能であり、かつ対向した凹型に弯曲したくぼみを有する、上側および下側のプロテーゼ板およびその板の間に位置したコアを備え、そのコアは、板のくぼみに受容されて、その板がそのコア上を関節結合した様式でスライドすることを可能にする、対向した凹型に弯曲した表面を有し、以下を特徴とする:
そのコアの対向した表面およびその板のくぼみは、協働する球状曲率を有し、
板のそのくぼみは、そのくぼみの基部から中心に向かって突出した位置づけペグの周りを囲み、
そのペグは、そのコアの弯曲した表面において中心に位置した開口部に緩く位置し、それによってその板は、そのコアの上を全方向にスライドすることができると同時に、そのペグは、そのコアを捕捉しておくことができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、その板のうちのわずか1つが、代表的には、その作動的に下側の板が、ペグを備える。他の実施形態において、両方の板がペグを備え、そのペグは、互いに対向し、そのコアの対向して弯曲した表面において中心に位置したそれぞれの開口部に緩く位置する。各実施形態において、各ペグおよびそのペグが位置する開口部が円錐形状をしていることが好ましい。
本発明の別の局面に従って、上記にまとめられるように、プロテーゼにおいて使用するためのプロテーゼ板が提供され、そのプロテーゼ板は、椎骨に対して位置づけ可能な粗い表面を有し、そのプロテーゼのコアの凹型に弯曲した表面に対して形状が補完的な凹型に弯曲した表面に対向して面し、そのプレートの凹型に弯曲した表面が球状曲率を有し、そのプレートが、その凹型に弯曲した表面から中心に向かって延びる円錐型形の位置づけペグを備え、そのペグは、そのコアの凹型に弯曲した表面において中心開口部において緩く位置づけ可能であることを特徴とする。
本発明のなお別の局面に従って、プロテーゼにおいて使用するためのコアが提供され、そのコアは、作動的に上側および下側の湾曲した局面を有する一部品のプラスチック本体を備え、その本体の湾曲した局面が、球場に彎曲し、その表面のうちの少なくとも1つは、その表面において中心の円錐形の開口部を有して、プロテーゼ板の円錐形の位置づけペグを緩く受容するような寸法にされているということを特徴とする。
本発明の他の特徴は、添付の特許請求の範囲において記載される。
(好ましい実施形態の説明)
図1および2にみとめられるプロテーゼ板10は、一部品のグレード5のチタンにおいて形成される。そのプロテーゼ板は、粗い鋸歯状の仕上げ14に機械加工される主要な表面12を備える。表面12からの突出しているのは、横断孔18によって貫通される細長いフィン16である。その板10の対向する表面は、そのくぼみの中心における丸い断面の突出する円錐形ペグ22の周りを囲むくぼみ20によって形成される。そのくぼみは、環状リム24によって連結される。そのくぼみの表面26は、凹型に球状に彎曲しており、窒化チタン仕上げを有する。
本発明のプロテーゼの第1の実施形態(図5および6において数字28によって一般に示される)は、互いに対向して配置される、一対の同一のプロテーゼ板10を備える。そのプロテーゼ28はまた、図3および4に例示されるコアを備える。そのコアは、この場合、Orthosolとして公知のポリエチレンである一部品の低摩擦プラスチック材料において作製される。そのコアは、一般に、円形のドーナツ形の円錐曲線回転面の形態にあり、凸型に球状に彎曲している、同一の上側および下側の表面32を有する。その上側および下側の表面32は、そのコアの本体を軸方向かつ中心を通過する円形の断面経路の対向する端部を形成する場合において、円錐形開口部34で中心に形成される。
そのコア表面32およびくぼみ表面26は、この場合に18mmである同じ曲率半径を有する。
組み立てられたプロテーゼ28において、その板10は、それらの板の間に位置するコア30と互いに対向して配置される。その板のペグ22は、開口部34に、すなわち、経路36の端部に位置する。混合した長さのペグは、経路36の長さより短く、よってそのペグの内側端部は、図5に示されるように、短い距離38によって互いに離れて間隔が空けられる。各ペグの横断寸法は、ペグの長さに沿った全ての点において、その経路の長さに沿って対応する点において、経路36の直径よりかなり小さい。
協働する球状表面26および32、ならびにペグ22および経路36の相対的な寸法は、中心軸の周りの回転を含めて、かなり大きな範囲の角度を通して、かつ全ての方向または自由な角度において、その板10がそのコアの上をスライドまたは関節結合(articulate)することを可能にする。
そのコアに対してその板に関節結合した動きの所定の制限において、その板のリム24は、図6において数字40によって示されるように、互いに接触する。この点を超えるこのプロテーゼ28のさらなる関節結合は、不可能である。関節結合の制限において、そのペグ22はまた、図6においても例示されるように、その経路36の側面と隣接して接触する。
その経路36の端部における開口部34は、そのペグ22に対して類似の円錐角度によって規定されることが図6においても示される。その結果、そのペグと開口部の側面との間の接触は、各ペグのほぼ長さ全体にわたって補完的に生じる。あり得る関節結合の範囲全体にわたって、そのペグ22は、経路36に残り、その板10から横方向に分離することを防止する。言い換えると、そのコアは、起こり得る全ての可能な関節結合の間にそのペグによって捕獲したままで保持される。例示的な実施形態において、その板10は、そのリム24が互いに隣接する前に12°の関節結合に制限され、すなわち、12°は、起こり得る最大の関節結合である。
上記のプロテーゼ28において、そのペグ22は、コア30を直角に通る経路32に位置する。しかし、他の実施形態において、そのペグは、このような開口部が、連続する経路を形成するために互いに実際に連結されることなく、そのコアの対向する表面におけるブラインドくぼみ(blind recess)または開口部に位置するにすぎないことが理解される。
図7は、図5に類似した見え方において本発明の第2の実施形態に従うプロテーゼを例示する。図7において、先の図に例示される構成要素に従う構成要素は、同じ参照番号によって示される。
図7における下側のプロテーゼ板10は、第1の実施形態のプロテーゼ板に同一である。しかし、上側のプロテーゼ板(10.1と示される)は、中心ペグを有さない。代わりに、その表面26は、連続して、球状に彎曲している。他の全ての点において、板10.1は、プレート10に同一である。
組み立てられたプロテーゼ50において、そのコアは、下側のプロテーゼ板10によって保有される単一のペグ22の作用によって捕捉されて保持される。そのコア30は、上記のコアに同一であるが、繰り返すと、コアが、単一のペグ22を受容するためにのみ、その下向きに面する彎曲した表面32において、ブラインドくぼみを有し得ることが理解される。
そのプロテーゼ28、50は、損傷した椎間板に代えて、隣接する脊髄の椎骨との間に外科手術により移植される。当業者は、隣接する椎骨が強制的に互いから分離されて、挿入に必要な空間がもたらされることが理解される。その板10、10.1は、それらのフィン16を受容するように、対向する椎骨表面において切断されるスロットに入る、それらのフィン16とともに、椎骨の間の場所に横側から滑り込ませられる。
その対向する板の間にコアを挿入した後に、その椎骨を、組み立てられたプロテーゼをその位置に保持するために、一緒に動かせられる。
板10、10.1の表面12は、その対向する椎骨に対して位置し、時間が経つにつれて、その板の間の接合を安定させ、その椎骨は、鋸歯状の仕上げの上に骨が成長するように目的が達せられる。骨組織の成長はまた、そのフィン16の周りに、そのフィンにおける孔18を通って起こり、目的が達成される接続をさらに増強する。
図3および4を参照すると、上記の実施形態において使用されるそのコア30は、チタンピン42を収容する、狭く、角度を付けて空けられたブラインド経路で形成される。そのコア自体は、X線透過性であり、よって、術後X線検査において通常は見えない。そのピン42は、放射線用マーカーとして作用し、そのコア30の位置をこのような検査の間に確認することを可能にする。
環状溝44は板10、10.1に設けられて、椎間板の空間に配置する間に、適切な器具によってプロテーゼの保持および操作が容易にされる。
公知のプロテーゼに比較して、上記のプロテーゼ28、50は、以下のように、多くの利点を有する:
1.そのペグ22は、そのコアが側面から滑り出さないように、コアを捕捉して保持する
2.関節結合の所定の最大の制限において、そのリム24は、さらなる関節結合を防止するように互いに接続する。同時に、そのペグ22は、開口部34の側面と接触し、さらなる関節結合もまた防止する
3.そのコア上の板の許容可能なベアリング領域は、上記の中心ペグ/中心開口部の配置で得られる。このことは、そのコアが、関節結合の制限においてその板上の周辺リムを受容するように、その上側および下側の表面上の周辺チャネルを有する先行技術のプロテーゼと比較して特に有利である。
実際には、そのプロテーゼ板の不完全な整列が起こり得る。整列が非常に乏しい場合、図5および6の二重ペグ(dual peg)の配置は、そのペグ22が実質的な距離だけ互いから横方向にオフセットされる可能性を生じる。このことは、次いで、適合され得る関節結合の範囲が過度に制限されるという望ましくない結果をもたらし得、その制限を通り越して関節結合しようとすると、誤って整列されたペグによってそのコアに対する損傷を生じ得る。図7の実施形態において、その単一のペグは、そのコアによって中心に受容され得、それによって、この潜在的な問題が避けられる。
本発明の原理は、腰椎ならびに頸椎のためのプロテーゼ椎間板移植に適用可能である。後者の場合、そのフィン16は、代表的に、省かれる。
本発明は、添付の図面を参照して、例示によってより詳細に記載される。
図1は、本発明に従ってプロテーゼにおいて使用されるプロテーゼ板の断面図を示す。 図2は、図1に認められるプロテーゼ板の平面図を示す。 図3は、本発明に従うプロテーゼにおいて使用されるコアの断面図を示す。 図4は、図3に認められるコアの平面図を示す。 図5は、関節結合が起こる前の中立の位置にある、本発明の第1の実施形態に従う椎間プロテーゼの断面図を示す。 図6は、制限位置に関節をなした図5のプロテーゼを示す。 図7は、本発明の第2の実施形態に従う椎間プロテーゼの断面図を示す。

Claims (11)

  1. 隣接する椎骨間に挿入するための椎間プロテーゼであって、該プロテーゼは、以下:
    第1プロテーゼ板であって、第1椎骨に対して設置可能であり、かつ該プロテーゼ板において、型に弯曲したベアリング表面を有する、第1プロテーゼ板
    第2プロテーゼ板であって、第2椎骨に対して設置可能であり、かつ該プロテーゼ板において、ベアリング表面を有する、第2プロテーゼ板;ならびに
    該板の間に位置したコアであって、該コアは、該板が該コア上を関節結合した様式でスライドすることを可能にするように該第1板および第2板のベアリング表面と協働する曲率を有する対向した表面を有する、コア
    を備え、
    該第1板および第2板のそれぞれは、その周囲に環状溝を有し、該溝は、使用中に該プロテーゼを配置するために使用される器具によって該板の取り扱いを容易にするように配置されている、
    椎間プロテーゼ。
  2. 各ベアリング表面は、該環状リムと境界を接し、その結果該環状リムが、前記板が前記コア上をスライドする動きの所定の制限において、互いに接触するように配置されている、請求項1に記載のプロテーゼ。
  3. 前記第1板は、位置づけペグを備え、該ペグは、前記コアの湾曲した表面において中心に位置する開口部において緩く位置し、それによって前記板は、該コアの上を全方向にスライドすることができると同時に、該ペグは、該コアを捕捉して保持することができる、請求項に記載のプロテーゼ。
  4. 前記ペグおよび該ペグが位置する前記開口部は、円錐形状である、請求項3に記載のプロテーゼ。
  5. 前記コアは、低摩擦プラスチック材料を含む、請求項1に記載のプロテーゼ。
  6. 前記コアは、少なくとも1つの放射線用マーカーを有する、請求項1に記載のプロテーゼ。
  7. 前記放射線用マーカーは、前記コア内に位置づけられたピンである、請求項6に記載のプロテーゼ。
  8. 使用中に前記椎骨に対して位置づけるために、前記板は、粗い表面を有する、請求項1に記載のプロテーゼ。
  9. 前記板は、前記椎骨におけるスロットに位置づけ可能な、直立した細長いフィンを有する、請求項に記載のプロテーゼ。
  10. 前記フィンを横断して貫通する孔が形成される、請求項9に記載のプロテーゼ。
  11. 前記コアが硬い材料から形成されている、請求項1に記載のプロテーゼ。
JP2004537345A 2002-09-19 2003-04-24 椎間プロテーゼ Expired - Fee Related JP4429909B2 (ja)

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US7731754B2 (en) 2010-06-08
US20080228277A1 (en) 2008-09-18
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US8262732B2 (en) 2012-09-11

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