JP4406351B2 - Ceramic filter backwashing method - Google Patents
Ceramic filter backwashing method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4406351B2 JP4406351B2 JP2004337372A JP2004337372A JP4406351B2 JP 4406351 B2 JP4406351 B2 JP 4406351B2 JP 2004337372 A JP2004337372 A JP 2004337372A JP 2004337372 A JP2004337372 A JP 2004337372A JP 4406351 B2 JP4406351 B2 JP 4406351B2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- ZHZFKLKREFECML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;sulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZHZFKLKREFECML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Description
本発明は、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物などの焼却炉に用いられるセラミックフィルタの改良に関するもので、特に、セラミックフィルタの目詰まりの原因となる堆積ダストを除去する逆洗方法の改良に関する。 The present invention relates to improvements in ceramic filters used in incinerators such as general waste and industrial waste, and more particularly to improvements in a backwashing method for removing accumulated dust that causes clogging of ceramic filters.
焼却炉の排ガス中のダストを除去する集塵装置にセラミックフィルタを利用する技術については、本発明出願人がすでに提案したところである。（特許文献１を参照のこと）
このような集塵装置では、セラミックフィルタの差圧が上昇し、ろ過性能が低下することを防ぐために定期的にパルスエア等により逆洗を行い、差圧上昇の原因となるろ過面に付着したダストを除去し、ろ過性能を回復させることが通常である。
The applicant of the present invention has already proposed a technique of using a ceramic filter in a dust collector for removing dust in exhaust gas from an incinerator. (See Patent Document 1)
In such a dust collector, in order to prevent the differential pressure of the ceramic filter from rising and the filtration performance from deteriorating, regular backwashing with pulsed air or the like is performed to prevent dust from adhering to the filtration surface causing the differential pressure to rise. Usually, the filtration performance is removed.
ところが、排ガス中のダストの種類によっては、この逆洗によってもろ過性能の回復が不十分であって、比較的短い期間でセラミックフィルタが使用できなくなる場合があった。このような逆洗では除去しきれないような、粘着性ダストの除去方法の開発が要望されていた。
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、通常の逆洗では除去しにくいダストを除去できるようにして、集塵装置の集塵性能を向上させるとともに、セラミックフィルタの長寿命化を可能とするセラミックフィルタの逆洗方法を提供する。 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to remove dust that is difficult to remove by normal backwashing, thereby improving the dust collection performance of the dust collector and improving the ceramic filter. Provided is a method for backwashing a ceramic filter that can extend the service life.
上記の問題は、焼却炉の燃焼排ガス中のＳＯｘ成分を消石灰により固定化した硫酸カルシウム水和物を含む固形分を分離するためのセラミックフィルタを用い、２００℃以下の温度に制御して行われるろ過運転における堆積ダストを除去する逆洗方法であって、逆洗操作に先立って予め逆洗対象である堆積ダストを２５０℃以上の温度で熱処理し、堆積ダスト中の前記硫酸カルシウム水和物を分解し水分を遊離させて脆弱化することを特徴とする本発明のセラミックフィルタの逆洗方法によって、解決することができる。 The above problem is performed by using a ceramic filter for separating solids containing calcium sulfate hydrate in which SOx components in combustion exhaust gas from an incinerator are fixed by slaked lime , and controlling the temperature to 200 ° C. or lower. A back washing method for removing accumulated dust in a filtration operation, wherein the accumulated dust to be back washed is heat-treated in advance at a temperature of 250 ° C. or higher prior to the back washing operation, and the calcium sulfate hydrate in the accumulated dust is removed. The problem can be solved by the method of backwashing the ceramic filter of the present invention, which decomposes and releases moisture to make it brittle .
また、本発明は、または前記堆積ダストが、処理排ガス中のオイル分を含むものである形態に好ましく具体化される。 Further, the present invention is, or is the deposition dust is preferably embodied in the form in which the oil-containing portion of the process exhaust gas.
さらに、前記形態において、堆積ダストを熱処理する方法が、温度２５０℃以上の加熱空気または焼却後の焼却炉の残熱を利用して発生させたガスをセラミックフィルタに供給するものであるのが好ましく、前記セラミックフィルタが多数の並列するガス流路のそれぞれの開口を交互に目封じしたハニカム式セラミックからなるフィルタであるのが好ましい。 Further, in the above embodiment, it is preferable that the method for heat treating the accumulated dust is to supply heated gas having a temperature of 250 ° C. or higher or gas generated using the residual heat of the incinerator after incineration to the ceramic filter. The ceramic filter is preferably a filter made of honeycomb ceramic in which openings of a number of parallel gas flow paths are alternately sealed.
本発明のセラミックフィルタの逆洗方法は、このように、逆洗対象である堆積ダストを２５０℃以上の温度で熱処理してその組織を脆弱化させ、逆洗効果を高めることができる。特に、前記堆積ダストが、処理排ガス中のＳＯｘ成分を消石灰により固定化した固形分を含むので未燃オイル分を含む場合には、優れた効果が発揮できる。よって本発明は、従来の問題点を解消し、集塵装置の集塵性能を向上させるとともに、セラミックフィルタの長寿命化を可能とするたセラミックフィルタの逆洗方法として、その実用的価値はきわめて大なるものがある。 Thus, the backwashing method of the ceramic filter of this invention can heat-treat the deposit dust which is the object of backwashing at the temperature of 250 degreeC or more, weaken the structure | tissue, and can improve the backwashing effect. In particular, since the accumulated dust contains a solid content in which the SOx component in the treated exhaust gas is fixed by slaked lime, an excellent effect can be exhibited when it contains an unburned oil content. Therefore, the present invention has a practical value as a method for backwashing a ceramic filter that solves the conventional problems, improves the dust collection performance of the dust collector, and extends the life of the ceramic filter. There is something great.
次に、本発明のセラミックフィルタの逆洗方法に係る実施形態について説明する。
本発明は、好ましくは、図１、２に例示するような、多数の並列するガス流路（一次側１ａ、二次側１ｂ）の開口に交互に目封じ１１を設けたハニカム式セラミックフィルタ１を用いた集塵装置を対象とするもので、具体的には、その集塵装置による焼却炉の燃焼排ガス中の固形分を分離するろ過運転における堆積ダストを除去する逆洗方法も関する。
Next, an embodiment according to a method for backwashing a ceramic filter of the present invention will be described.
The present invention is preferably a honeycomb ceramic filter 1 in which
本発明の焼却炉には、一般廃棄物、汚泥、産業廃棄物などの焼却炉、それらの溶融炉を含む。また、このような焼却炉の燃焼排ガスを対象とした集塵装置の通常のろ過運転では、ろ過対象の排ガスは、２００℃以下の温度に制御して行なわれる。その理由は、排ガス温度を低温に維持して有害成分であるダイオキシン類の再合成を防止するためである。 The incinerator of the present invention includes incinerators such as general waste, sludge, and industrial waste, and melting furnaces thereof. Further, in the normal filtration operation of the dust collector for the combustion exhaust gas of such an incinerator, the exhaust gas to be filtered is controlled at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower. The reason is to prevent the resynthesis of dioxins which are harmful components by maintaining the exhaust gas temperature at a low temperature.
そして、本発明の特徴とするところは、逆洗操作に先立って予め２５０℃以上のガス、例えば加熱空気をセラミックフィルタの一次側から２次側に通過させ、逆洗対象である堆積ダストを熱処理する点にあり、このように堆積ダストを２５０℃以上に、１〜３時間、加熱するという熱作用によって、その組織を脆弱化して、逆洗によって脱落し易くできるものである。 A feature of the present invention is that a gas of 250 ° C. or higher, for example, heated air is passed from the primary side to the secondary side in advance from the primary side of the ceramic filter prior to the backwashing operation to heat-treat the accumulated dust that is the subject of backwashing In this way, the structure is weakened by the thermal action of heating the deposited dust to 250 ° C. or higher for 1 to 3 hours, and can be easily removed by backwashing.
本発明は、集塵装置の前工程に処理排ガス中のＳＯｘ成分を消石灰により乾式固定化する有害ガス除去工程を設けた場合における燃焼排ガスを対象とするので、特に効果的である。その理由は次の通りである。
このような有害ガス除去工程では、ＳＯｘ成分と石灰分は反応してＣａＳＯ４・２Ｈ２Ｏ粒子となって集塵装置に送り込まれる。そして、この硫酸カルシウム水和物がダストとして凝集した状態でセラミックフィルタに堆積する。このような凝集した硫酸カルシウム水和物を含む堆積ダストは凝固していて、通常のパルスエアなどの逆洗手段では除去し難いのであるが、２５０℃以上に加熱されると、硫酸カルシウム水和物から水分が分解、遊離して脆弱化し外力によって容易に組織が崩れるようになるからである。
The present invention is, therefore directed to a combustion exhaust gas in the case of providing a noxious gas removing step of dry immobilized by slaked lime the SOx component in the treated exhaust gas prior to step of the dust collecting device is particularly effective. The reason is as follows.
In such a harmful gas removal step, the SOx component and the lime component react to form CaSO 4 .2H 2 O particles and are sent to the dust collector. And this calcium sulfate hydrate accumulates on a ceramic filter in the state aggregated as dust. The accumulated dust containing such agglomerated calcium sulfate hydrate is solidified and difficult to remove by ordinary backwashing means such as pulsed air, but when heated to 250 ° C. or higher, calcium sulfate hydrate This is because the water is decomposed and released, becomes brittle, and the tissue easily collapses due to external force.
また、本発明は、前記堆積ダストが、処理排ガス中の未燃オイル分を含む場合にも好ましい結果が得られる。この理由は、未燃オイル分は粘着性が高く、一般ダスト成分と一緒になって凝固した堆積ダストを形成するものの、２５０℃以上に加熱されると、部分的に分解して粘着性を失い、脆弱化し外力によって容易に組織が崩れるようになるからである。
なお、本発明では、熱処理温度は、３５０℃以上にするのは好ましくない。熱エネルギが無用に消費される他、他機器への影響が懸念されるからである。
In addition, the present invention can achieve a preferable result even when the accumulated dust contains an unburned oil content in the treated exhaust gas. The reason for this is that the unburned oil content is highly sticky and forms a deposited dust that solidifies together with general dust components, but when heated to 250 ° C or higher, it partially decomposes and loses its stickiness. This is because the organization is easily broken by external force.
In the present invention, it is not preferable that the heat treatment temperature be 350 ° C. or higher. This is because heat energy is unnecessarily consumed and there is a concern about the influence on other devices.
この熱処理はフィルタを装置に組込んだ状態でおこなうが、フィルタを装置より取外し、加熱炉のような炉内にて加熱することも可能である。
また、熱処理のためのガスは加熱空気を使用するが、焼却を停止もしくは一次的に中断した焼却炉の残熱を利用して空気を加熱することにより、エネルギー使用量、加熱時間ともに大幅に低減ができる。
This heat treatment is performed in a state where the filter is incorporated in the apparatus, but it is also possible to remove the filter from the apparatus and heat in a furnace such as a heating furnace.
The heat treatment gas uses heated air, but by using the residual heat from the incinerator where incineration is stopped or temporarily interrupted, both the energy consumption and heating time are significantly reduced. Can do.
また、以上の説明では、ガス流路の開口に交互に目封じ１１を設けたハニカム式セラミックフィルタの例で説明したが、本発明は、セラミック製フィルタであれば、特にハニカム形式に限定するものではなく、各種形状のセラミックフィルタに適用可能である。
Further, in the above description, the example of the honeycomb type ceramic filter in which the
次に、本発明の実施例を説明する。この場合のろ過条件および加熱条件の概要は次のとおりである。
１）ろ過対象排ガス：集じん器入口において消石灰を噴霧し、脱硫・脱塩をおこなった焼却排ガス。集じん器入口温度１９０℃
２）セラミックフィルタの仕様：ハニカムタイプ
３）熱処理ガス温度：２５０℃、３００℃
４）熱処理時間：１.５時間、３時間
５）熱処理間隔：差圧状況により１週間から1ヶ月に１回熱処理を行う。
６）結果：熱処理をおこなったときの差圧減少率
｛（熱処理前の差圧−熱処理・逆洗後の差圧）／熱処理前｝を％で示す。
Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The outline of the filtration conditions and heating conditions in this case is as follows.
1) Exhaust gas to be filtered: Incineration exhaust gas that has been desulfurized and desalted by spraying slaked lime at the dust collector inlet. Dust collector inlet temperature 190 ° C
2) Ceramic filter specifications: Honeycomb type 3) Heat treatment gas temperature: 250 ° C, 300 ° C
4) Heat treatment time: 1.5 hours, 3 hours 5) Heat treatment interval: Heat treatment is performed once a week to one month depending on the pressure difference.
6) Result: Differential pressure reduction rate when heat treatment is performed {(Differential pressure before heat treatment−Differential pressure after heat treatment / back washing) / Before heat treatment} is expressed in%.
この結果を表１に示す。
熱処理をおこなうことで差圧が最大46.9％まで低減しており、ろ過性能が回復していることがわかる。なお、6.5％から46.9％の範囲でばらつきが見られるのは、運転時間の経過とともに本熱処理では除去できない要因によって発生するろ過性能の低下が原因と思われる。
なお、熱処理を行わない場合、差圧は減少することはなく差圧減少率は０％である。
The results are shown in Table 1.
By performing the heat treatment, the differential pressure is reduced to a maximum of 46.9%, indicating that the filtration performance has been recovered. Note that the variation in the range from 6.5% to 46.9% seems to be due to the decrease in filtration performance caused by factors that cannot be removed by this heat treatment as the operating time elapses.
When heat treatment is not performed, the differential pressure does not decrease and the differential pressure decrease rate is 0%.
１：セラミックフィルタ、１ａ：一次側、１ｂ：二次側、１１：目封じ
1: Ceramic filter, 1a: Primary side, 1b: Secondary side, 11: Sealing
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| JP2004337372A JP4406351B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | Ceramic filter backwashing method |
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