JP4399676B2 - Building structure and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building structure that is mainly intended for housing and is intended to improve the factory production rate.

  In conventional architecture, for low-rise buildings with 3 floors or less (detached houses, low-rise apartments, etc.), low-profile pillars of 10 to 13 cm square made of wood or lightweight steel are applied to medium- and high-rise buildings (condominiums, etc.) For heavy steel structures, medium-section columns of 20 cm square or more are used, and for reinforced concrete structures, large-section columns of 40 cm square or more are applied. These conventional buildings will be described next.

  In low-rise buildings, in the case of wooden buildings, multiple columns and beams with small cross-sections are accumulated, and columns and beams that are increased in number from the upper floor to the lower floor are firmly joined, eliminating the need for bearing walls. There is an architectural structure that constitutes a rigid ramen structure (for example, see Patent Document 1). In the case of a steel structure, a lightweight steel column with a small cross section is used to handle vertical loads, and for horizontal external forces due to earthquakes and typhoons, a building module (90 to 120 cm) wide with a load-bearing frame is available. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2). Note that piping for housing equipment such as a bathroom provided on the second floor or more of a low-rise building is usually an outdoor piping. There are other rainwater drains outside.

On the other hand, in middle- and high-rise buildings, in the case of heavy steel structures, the upper and lower floor columns are joined by on-site welding, and the columns and beams are joined by on-site welding or rivets. .
Furthermore, in the construction of a building structure, a process of temporarily fixing a beam to a column after temporarily fixing a long column of multiple floors to the foundation, attaching a twisted rope and a straightening wire to the column, and then fixing the wire to the column. The final tightening of each joint is performed after correcting the column collapse by adjusting the wire while measuring with a surveying instrument (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). In the case of a reinforced concrete structure, a professional architect is required for assembling the reinforcing bars that form the framework of the structure and assembling the formwork into which the concrete is poured, as in the case of heavy steel structures. Furthermore, in terms of structural design, complex structural calculations are performed for each property to set the cross-sectional areas, the amount of reinforcing bars, and the cement strength of the columns and beams on each floor. In mid- and high-rise apartments, the layout of each dwelling unit is restricted by installing piping shafts for housing equipment such as kitchens and bathrooms. To solve this problem, structural pillars are used. There is an architectural structure that uses an internal gap instead of a piping shaft (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  By the way, with regard to efforts to improve the factory production rate (residential industrialization) of houses for the purpose of labor saving, shortening the construction period and reducing construction costs, such as housing equipment, sashes, interior / exterior materials, roofing materials, etc. Factory products are widespread in the field, but in the structure field, low-rise building fields, small-sized steel structures, two-by-four panels, and precast concrete panels are supplied as factory products. It is as low as 20-30% of the total construction, and most of them are local wooden buildings of local builders. In the middle- and high-rise buildings, precast concrete panels, which are factory products, are used as a part of middle-rise buildings, and the majority of them are heavy-duty steel frames that are welded on-site and conventional construction methods using reinforced concrete. In addition, the rebuilding cycle of Japanese houses is 30 years or less on average, which is extremely short compared to European and American houses. Waste materials at the time of dismantling the houses are collected separately and recycled for each material. Not too small.

JP 2002-317495 A JP 2004-346548 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-252218 Supervised by Morihisa Fujimoto and Takashi Ohno, “Illustration: How to proceed with construction work, steel structure”, Ichigaya Publishing Co., Ltd., published on May 30, 2003, P114-132

  Conventionally, low-rise buildings and middle- and high-rise buildings, which account for about half of the number of housing starts, have a large difference in the cross-section of the pillars of the structure. This is an impediment to reducing the cost of building materials and shortening the construction period.

  For example, the column structure of Patent Document 1 is a structure in which small cross-section timbers are accumulated, so that the object is not limited to low-rise buildings and cannot be applied to middle- and high-rise buildings, and the column width and depth dimensions differ depending on the floor. Therefore, the versatility of the building structure is limited in that the fit around the pillars cannot be unified. In addition, for example, the building structure of Patent Document 2 is a structure that uses a lightweight steel frame with a small cross section, so that the target is limited to low-rise buildings and cannot be applied to middle- and high-rise buildings, and the strength of the building module width The versatility as a building structure is limited in that the floor plan is restricted by the frame.

On the other hand, outdoor piping for residential facilities of two or more floors that is usually constructed in low-rise buildings significantly impairs the appearance of the house. Moreover, when the number of rainwater drainage tubs increases, the appearance is often impaired.
Moreover, in middle- and high-rise buildings, for example, the steel pipe column of Patent Document 3 devised in place of a piping shaft avoids the joint between a column and a beam where the force is concentrated and provides a piping port on the side surface of the column itself. In addition, the size of the piping port is limited within the range of the cross-sectional defect allowed in the structure of the column. In addition, in the piping to the ceiling space and underfloor space provided at almost the same height as the joint between the column and the beam, the size of the horizontal piping is limited at the position of the piping port avoiding the joint between the column and the beam. There is a problem.

  With regard to craftsmen at construction sites, the construction of wooden houses, especially due to the declining trend of the working population due to the rapid progress of the aging society with a declining birthrate and the 3K (tight, dirty, dangerous) young workers who grew up in a prosperous society, It is becoming more and more difficult to secure building craftsmen who are responsible for construction of conventional construction methods, such as carpenter craftsmen required for construction, welding craftsmen required for heavy steel construction for on-site welding, formwork craftsmen and rebar assembly craftsmen required for reinforced concrete construction. There is a problem.

  Furthermore, in the construction method of heavy-duty steel frame middle- and high-rise buildings, in the construction of the pillars, it is possible to prevent falling down by attaching the ropes and straightening wires, temporarily fixing the joints of the pillars and beams, and correcting the fall of the pillars using surveying equipment. And there is a problem that the construction process is complicated and the construction time is long, such as final fastening of each joint part at the final stage. In reinforced concrete construction, the structural calculation and verification process have become more complicated due to the recent seismic camouflage problem, increasing the burden on structural designers.

  The shortness of the rebuilding cycle of houses and the current state of disposal of demolition waste is a problem that cannot be overlooked from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment. Restriction to floor plan remodeling accompanying change of family constitution and aging that is rebuilding motive is raised. In low-rise buildings, it is normal to arrange the column spacing within 5.4 m (3 intervals) due to the structural strength of the columns with small cross-sections, and the columns scattered on the house plane restrict the modification of the floor plan. In architecture, the piping shaft for equipment has a fixed structure on the flat surface of the dwelling unit, which limits the modification of the floor plan.

  In addition, as a problem in the middle-rise and high-rise building fields, there is an increase in potential demand for rebuilding aging apartments. In order to cope with this problem, there is a demand for a construction method for condominiums that have long-term durability, low construction costs, and short construction periods.

  The present invention is intended to solve such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide means for solving the above-mentioned various problems.

A first problem-solving means is a building structure including a column and a beam, and a joint box that joins the column and the beam, and the column has a width and a depth that are approximately half the size of a building module. It has a square pillar shape and is composed of a steel frame standing upright at the square of the pillar and a steel frame that connects the adjacent steel frames together in a truss shape, and has a gap for housing equipment piping penetrating in the length direction, and the beam is It is a steel beam, and the joint box has a box-like structure made of a steel plate having the same width and depth as the column, and has a space for housing equipment piping connected to the space inside the column on the upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces. It is characterized by.

In the building to which the building structure of the first problem solving means is applied, the second problem solving means includes a plurality of columns and joint boxes of the first problem solving means in the depth direction according to the structural strength of each floor. These are connected together to form an integrated continuous column and a continuous joint box, and a structure is formed by joining the beam of the first problem solving means to the side of the continuous joint box .

The third problem solving means is a construction method, wherein the joint box of the first floor is connected to the foundation anchor bracket or the downstairs using the building structure of the first or second problem solving means, the bolt, and the nut. A first step of temporarily fixing the column to the pillar; a second step of arranging and joining the beams of one floor between the joint boxes to form a horizontal frame; The third step of fixing the pillars of the floor to the joint box is repeated for each floor of the building to construct the structure.

  The operation of the first problem solving means is as follows.

  The first function is to separate all building components by separating the building structure into three components: a column and a beam, and a joint box that joins the column and beam, for each floor of the building. It is possible to make the parts size suitable for factory production and road transportation.

  The second action is to bring the following four effects by making the width and depth dimensions of the pillars approximately ½ of the building module.

  The first effect is that each of the two structural surfaces facing the same direction of the pillar has a structural strength equivalent to a one-module width bearing wall (1/2 module × 2 = 1 module). This is possible, and the function of the load-bearing wall that has conventionally been provided outside the pillar can be incorporated into the pillar.

  The second effect is that a space for a pipe of 25 cm square or more is secured inside the column excluding the outer peripheral part necessary for the structural strength of the column, and pipes for housing equipment (sewage pipe diameter 10 cm, miscellaneous drainage pipe diameter). 6 cm, etc.), and the function of the piping shaft can be taken into the column.

  The third effect is that in low-rise buildings with 3 floors or less, the width and depth of the columns are made larger than four times that of conventional small-sized columns. In addition to being able to expand to around 10m, it is possible to make full use of the basement with severe structural conditions.

  The fourth effect is that even when the pillar is expanded into a continuous pillar, the depth around the pillars on each floor can be unified by regularly increasing the depth of the pillar by 1/2 of the building module.

  In addition, the third action by the first problem solving means is that the space inside the pillar on the upper and lower floors and the space behind the ceiling and the underfloor space are continuously connected via the joint box provided with spaces on the upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces. It is connected and it becomes possible to perform vertical piping of pipes that use the same gap, and horizontal piping to the back of the ceiling and under the floor. This effect can be achieved by separating the column-beam joint from the column into a separate joint box, enabling an individual reinforcement structure, and providing a sufficiently large gap for piping. This is because a strong joint box that can withstand the force concentrated on the joint can be constructed.

  The operation of the second problem solving means is as follows. By using an integrated continuous column and continuous joint box, if a single column has structural strength equivalent to 3 floors, it will be double 6 columns for 2 columns and 3 for 3 columns. It is possible to give structural strength equivalent to 4 times 12 floors to 4 times 9 floors, 4 columns, and structure pillars of the same material and width from low-rise buildings to middle- and high-rise buildings Can be configured with dimensions. The action of the continuous joint box is to transfer the structural stress of the single upper column or the continuous column of the upper floor smoothly to the continuous column of the lower floor through the continuous column of the floor and use the continuous gap. In other words, a plurality of pipes can be piped.

The fourth action of the first problem solving means is as follows. When it is composed of steel, it is composed of standard steel for construction according to structural strength, so that the structural components of the pillar can be recombined from a single pillar to a continuous pillar according to the structural load of each floor of the building. From low-rise buildings to mid- and high-rise buildings, structural pillars can be made of the same material and the same width. In the case of steel and concrete, the pillars, beams and joint boxes made of construction steel are made into a precast concrete product that is integrally molded with concrete having a fireproof coating function. The construction process can be shortened by eliminating the on-site process attached to the machine.

  The operation of the fourth solving means is as follows. The first effect is that the pillars attached to each floor are self-supporting with high precision, and the conventional steps of preventing the fall-down and attaching the wire for straightening, and correcting the fall of the pillars by surveying equipment are no longer necessary. By simplifying the process and simplifying the construction work, the construction time can be shortened. As an accompanying effect, a seismic isolation device for a structure can be attached between the joint box and the foundation anchor fitting.

  The second effect is that all the components of the structure are removed to the state prior to assembly, even when the building is dismantled, by connecting all the columns, beams and joint boxes with bolts and nuts. It is possible to do.

  With the building structure of the present invention, a structure that is largely different between a low-rise building and a middle-rise / high-rise building that account for about half of the number of housing starts can be unified into a series of connected structures. As a result, standardization of the housing structure can be promoted, and the construction material cost of the housing can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened. Next, there are no pillars, load-bearing walls, and piping shafts scattered on the floor of the house, which have restricted the change in the layout of the family and aging, and the degree of freedom in the layout is greatly improved. The rebuilding cycle can be prolonged. Next, from a low-rise building to a middle-rise / high-rise building, it is possible to reduce the burden on the structural designer by adopting a clear structural system that develops from a single pillar to a plurality of continuous pillars. Next, all the components of the structure are made into high-quality factory products, and bolts and nuts are used for assembly, eliminating the need for skilled workers for on-site construction work and eliminating the problem of building craftsmen who are difficult to secure personnel it can. Next, even when the building is dismantled, all the structural components can be removed in the state before assembly, so that all structural components can be reused, and the structure-related waste is eliminated. be able to. Next, it will be possible to provide concrete solutions to the rebuilding problem of aging condominiums in the middle-rise and high-rise building fields.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a building structure according to the present invention in which the column width and depth dimension are set to 45 cm, which is approximately a half of the building module, and the column 1, the beam 2 and the joint box 3 are made of building steel. Each of the square steel pillars 1a made of heavy steel frames is arranged on each square of the pillar 1 so as to have a structural strength that can withstand a vertical load of three floors with a pillar interval of about 10 m. In addition, about the member structure of the pillar 1, according to structural strength, the medium-sized equal side mountain-shaped steel with a side of 10 cm is used for the top floor pillar for the third floor, for the second floor and the first floor for the third floor. The pillars are made of large isometric angle steel with sides of 13 cm and 15 cm, respectively. All the four structural surfaces of the pillar 1 are made of small equilateral mountain-shaped steel 1b, and the equilateral mountain-shaped steels 1a are joined together in a truss shape by welding or rivets to prevent buckling of the equilateral mountain-shaped steel 1a, and by earthquakes and typhoons Has structural strength against horizontal external force. On the upper and lower surfaces of the pillar 1, a 9 mm-thick steel plate joint for joining to the joint box 3 is attached by welding, and a 25 cm square pipe gap is provided in the center of the joint, and piping 4 and ducts are provided. 5 is piped. The height of the pillar 1 is set to 265 cm by setting the ceiling height to 250 cm and adding the dimensions of the floor material and the ceiling material.

  Since the beam 2 has a column interval of about 10 m, the beam height is set to 1/25 of the column interval, 40 cm, and a 15 cm wide heavy steel I-shaped steel is processed to provide a honeycomb-like void on the web surface. A beam is used. In addition, the joining metal fitting 2a for joining with the joint box 3 is attached to the both ends of the beam 2 by welding.

  Since the joint box 3 is a joint between the column 1 and the beam 2 and the vertical load and the horizontal external force are concentrated, it is configured by welding using a 9 mm thick steel plate to form a strong box shape. Is a 45 cm square having the same dimensions as the cross section of the column 1, and the height is 50 cm higher by 5 cm above and below the beam 2. A 25 cm square gap 3a for piping is provided on the upper and lower surfaces, and a gap 3b having a width of 15 cm and a height of 20 cm is provided on the side surface.

  The pillar 1, the beam 2 and the joint box 3 are each subjected to hot dip galvanization after being processed as a part so as to have long-term durability.

  The column 1 has eight hexagonal bolts M16 inserted into the eight back nuts attached to the joints welded to the upper and lower surfaces of the column 1 from the bolt hole side of the upper and lower joint boxes 3, respectively. Tightly bond to box 3. The bolt is fixed from the gap 3b on the side surface of the joint box 3. The beam 2 is firmly joined by inserting eight hexagon bolts M16 from the bolt hole side of the joint fitting 2a at both ends of the beam 2 to the back nut attached to the back of the side surface of the joint box 3.

  FIG. 2 shows the building structure of the present invention in which the column width and depth dimension are about 1/2 of the building module, 55 cm, and the column 6, beam 7 and joint box 8 are made of concrete.

  The column 6 has a built-in steel column having the same structure as the column 1 made of the structural steel material of FIG. 1 having a width and depth of 45 cm, and the concrete cover thickness is 5 cm around the entire circumference of the steel column. The external dimension of the pillar 6 is 55 cm. The height of the pillar 6 is set to 265 cm, which is the same as that of the pillar 1 made of building steel. On the upper surface, the lower surface, and the inside of the column 6, a 25 cm square gap for piping is provided.

  The beam 7 uses the composite beam 7a having the same structure as the beam 2 constructed of the construction steel material of FIG. 1 having a height of 40 cm and a width of 15 cm, and the concrete covering thickness is 5 cm on the entire circumference of the composite beam 7a. The total height of 7 is 50 cm. Note that, at both ends of the beam 7, a joint fitting for joining to the joint box 8 is incorporated.

  Inside the joint box 8 is a box 8a that is firmly assembled by welding using a 9mm thick steel plate. By taking 5cm of concrete covering pressure around the entire circumference of the box, the upper and lower surfaces are pillars. The same size as that of the cross section 6 is set to 55 cm square, and the height is set to 50 cm which is the same height as the beam 7. A 25 cm square gap 8b for piping is provided on the upper surface and the lower surface, a gap 8c for piping having a width of 15 cm and a height of 20 cm is provided on the side surface, and the piping 4 and the duct 5 are piped.

  The column 6 is composed of eight back nuts attached to the metal fittings welded to the upper and lower surfaces of a steel column made of steel for construction built in the concrete, and the bolt hole side of the upper and lower joint boxes 8 on the upper and lower surfaces. Then, eight hexagon bolts M16 are inserted and joined firmly. The beam 7 is firmly fixed by inserting eight hexagonal bolts M16 from the bolt hole side of the side of the joint box 8 into the eight back nuts attached to the joint fittings at both ends of the composite beam 7a built in the concrete. To join. The bolt is fixed from the gap 8c on the side surface of the joint box 8.

  FIG. 3 is a configuration example of the four continuous columns 11 of the building structure according to the present invention, which is made of an architectural steel material having a width dimension of 45 cm and a depth dimension of 195 cm. On the upper surface, the lower surface, and the inside of the column 11, four continuous piping gaps 11d are provided. The upper and lower metal fittings 11c of the pillars 11 are made of a single 9 mm thick steel plate, and the equilateral angle steels 11a of the pillars 11 are aligned with the truss interval of the small equilateral angle steel 11b. Pitch welding to improve the integrity of the continuous column.

FIG. 4 is a configuration example of the four-continuous joint box 12 of the present invention, which is made of an architectural steel material having a width dimension of 45 cm and a depth dimension of 195 cm. The beam 2 can be joined to the side surface of the joint box as described in paragraph numbers “0036” and “0045”. On the upper surface, the lower surface, and the inside of the joint box 12, four continuous gaps 12c for piping are provided. Further , a gap 12d for piping is also provided on the side surface of the joint box 12. The joint metal 12a on the upper surface and the lower surface of the joint box 12 and the side plate 12b in the depth direction are each a 9-mm thick steel plate that enhances the unity as a four-continuous joint box. The height of the joint box is 50 cm.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example in which the building structure of the present invention is applied to a 12-story high-rise house 13. Give a single pillar 1 structural strength for 3 floors, select 2 continuous pillars 9, 3 continuous pillars 10, 4 continuous pillars 11 according to the structural strength of each floor from the upper floor to the lower floor A pillar is placed.

  FIG. 6 is a construction conceptual diagram showing a construction method of a three-story house structure to which the building structure of the present invention is applied. The joint box 3 is temporarily fixed to the foundation anchor bracket 14a embedded in the foundation 14 with high dimensional accuracy in the first process of constructing the structure, and the beam between the joint boxes 3 in the second process. 2 are joined to each other to form a horizontal frame, and the joint box 3 is permanently fixed to the basic anchor fitting 14a, and in the third step, the pillar 1 for the first floor is formed with eight hexagon bolts. Fix to the joint box 3. The second floor or higher is a construction method for constructing a three-story building structure by replacing the basic anchor metal fitting 14a with the connection metal fitting 1c on the upper surface of the downstairs pillar and repeating the same process for each floor.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the first basement floor of a low-rise house 15 having two floors above ground and one basement floor to which the building structure of the present invention is applied. With a building area of 10m on the south side and 11m in the north-south depth as a whole basement, a floor space with no pillars is secured except for the square pillar 15a of the house. Pipings and troughs for housing equipment are piped in a gap 15b for piping inside the pillar 15a.

FIG. 8 is a dwelling unit plane 16 on the first floor of a 12-story high-rise house 13 to which the building structure of the present invention is applied. A free floor space without pillars and piping shafts is secured on the plane of the dwelling unit with a south entrance of 10m and a depth of 11m. For the pillars, the four continuous pillars 16a are applied for the first floor of 12 stories. The doorway wall 16c with the adjacent dwelling unit is a double wall for the purpose of improving the sound insulation performance, and the four continuous pillars 16a are formed inside the doorway wall 16c, thereby creating a space where no columnar shape appears in each dwelling unit. ing. Pipings for housing equipment are piped in a gap 16b for piping inside the four continuous columns 16a.

  When the object of the building is narrowed down to a medium-rise building or less, the structural strength imparted to the single pillar 1 can be divided into two floors, and the types of constituent members of the pillar 1 can be reduced. Moreover, when extending the object of a building to a super high-rise building, it is also possible to raise the intensity | strength of the structural member of the single pillar 1, and to make the structural strength given to the said pillar 1 into 4-5 floors. .

It is an assembly drawing of the building structure comprised with the steel material of this invention. It is an assembly drawing of the building structure comprised with the concrete of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 4 continuous pillars of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 4 continuous joint box of this invention. It is a structure sectional view of a high-rise house to which a building structure of the present invention is applied. It is a construction conceptual diagram of the structure of a low-rise house to which the building structure of the present invention is applied. It is a 1st floor plan view of a low-rise house to which a building structure of the present invention is applied. It is a 1st floor dwelling unit top view of the high-rise house to which the building structure of the present invention is applied.

Explanation of symbols

1 pillar 1a equilateral angle steel 1b equilateral angle steel 1c joint metal fitting 2 beam 2a joint metal fitting 3 joint box 3a void 3b void 4 piping 5 duct 6 pillar 7 beam 7a composite beam 8 joint box 8a box 8b void 8c void 8c 9 2 continuous columns 10 3 continuous columns 11 4 continuous columns 11a equilateral mountain-shaped steel 11b equilateral mountain-shaped steel 11c joint metal fitting 11d gap part 12 4-continuous joint box 12a joint metal fitting 12b side plate 12c gap part 12d gap part 13 high-rise house 14 foundation 14a foundation Anchor bracket 15 Basement 1st floor of low-rise housing 15a Column 15b Air gap 16 1st floor dwelling unit of high-rise housing 16a 4 continuous columns 16b Air gap 16c

Claims (1)

A building structure comprising a column and a beam, and a joint box for joining the column and the beam, wherein the column is a quadrangular column having a width and a depth of about half of a building module, and is formed in a square of the column. The steel box to be erected and the steel frame that connects the adjacent steel frames in a truss shape, and has a gap for housing equipment piping penetrating in the length direction, the beam being a steel beam, and the joint box Is a box-like structure made of steel plate having the same dimensions as the pillars in the width and depth, and has a housing facility piping gap connected to the gap inside the pillar on the upper and lower surfaces and the side surface, and applies the building structure In a building, according to the structural strength of each floor, a plurality of the columns and the joint boxes are connected in the depth direction to form an integrated continuous column and a continuous joint box, and the beam is formed on the side of the continuous joint box. Touch Building structure, characterized in that the structured body was.

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