JP4393898B2 - Vertical machine tools and combinations of vertical machine tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vertical machine tool capable of transferring workpieces and a combination of vertical machine tools.

  Conventionally, in machining of a lathe apparatus, a workpiece is gripped by a chuck mounted on the end face of the spindle, so that the gripped portion cannot be machined. For this reason, two lathes are arranged side by side, and each lathe is used for the first step (front processing) and for the second step (back processing). Moreover, in the opposed main spindle type NC lathe incorporated in one machine instead of two lathes, the first spindle stock and the first turret are responsible for surface machining, and the back machining is performed using the second spindle stock and the second lathe. The turret is in charge. With this configuration, the machining cycle time per workpiece (the total machining time for the front machining and the back machining) is shortened to improve productivity.

As an apparatus for continuously performing the first step and the second step as described above, a vertical machine tool in which two main shafts are movably provided in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the vertical direction has also been proposed (patent). Reference 1). In this apparatus, one main shaft (first main shaft) is used for the first step (front processing), and the other main shaft (second main shaft) is used for the second step (back processing). In this apparatus, the chuck of the first spindle grips the workpiece, the first machining area in which the workpiece is processed by the first tool post, and the chuck of the second spindle grips the workpiece to form the second tool post. And a workpiece reversing device between the first machining area and the second machining area. In the vertical machine tool, when a workpiece is transferred between the first spindle and the second spindle, first, the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the first spindle is temporarily placed on the workpiece reversing device. Then, the workpiece reversing device reverses the placed work by 180 degrees in the horizontal plane and arranges it in the machining area of the second spindle. Then, after the workpiece at the position reversed 180 degrees is gripped by the chuck of the second spindle, the second step (back machining) is performed.
JP 2002-59302 A

  However, conventionally, a vertical machine tool in which two spindles are movably arranged in the X-axis direction requires the work reversing device as described above. There is a problem of increasing the size. In addition, when a workpiece having a single axis is transferred from the first spindle to the second spindle, it is necessary to stop the rotation of the spindle, resulting in a problem that the workpiece transfer time becomes long. Here, the term “single axis” refers to a single axis extending in a straight line.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical machine tool in which a spindle is movable in the X-axis direction, a device for transferring workpieces is not required, and the vertical machine tool and the vertical machine tool can be downsized. To provide a combination. Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination of a vertical machine tool and a vertical machine tool that can shorten the transfer time when a workpiece having a single axis is transferred from the first spindle to the second spindle.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a spindle head that rotatably supports a spindle around its axis, and a process for machining a workpiece attached to the spindle of the spindle head. A machining tool unit for mounting a tool and a machining tool unit arranged on the upper and lower sides, respectively, and the spindle head has a vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as a vertical direction or the vertical direction). A first movement drive mechanism that moves the inclined direction in the Z-axis direction), a second movement drive mechanism that moves the spindle head in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, and In a plane including the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, a rotation drive mechanism for indexing the rotation position of the spindle head is provided, and the spindle head is moved in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis to transfer the workpiece. Orthogonal to direction The vertical machining machine tool characterized by comprising a moving drive mechanism for moving in the axial direction in which the subject matter.

The invention according to claim 2, Oite to claim 1, the rotation drive mechanism of the machining tool unit includes at least a workpiece transfer rotational position for exchanging the workpiece, the rotational position to be processed is by the machining tool It can be indexed.

The invention according to claim 3, Oite to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the rotational position processing is by a processing tool is the rotational position where the major axis is inclined with respect to the Z axis direction in the plane It is characterized by that.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spindle head that rotatably supports the spindle about its axis, and a machining tool device for attaching a machining tool for machining a workpiece attached to the spindle of the spindle head. The main spindle head moves in a vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction (hereinafter, the vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction is referred to as a Z-axis direction). A first movement drive mechanism, a second movement drive mechanism for moving the spindle head in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. A rotational drive mechanism for indexing the rotational position of the spindle head, and a moving drive for moving the spindle head in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction in order to exchange the workpiece a mechanism, A combination of vertical machine tools characterized in that a plurality of vertical machine tools each having a machining unit are arranged side by side so that the workpiece can be transferred between the spindles of the machining unit of adjacent vertical machine tools. Is a summary.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect of the present invention, the rotation driving mechanism for each machining work unit includes at least a workpiece transfer rotation position for transferring a workpiece and a rotation position at which the workpiece is processed by the processing tool. Is characterized by being indexable.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to transfer a workpiece that is an intermediate processed product between the spindles of adjacent machining units. Accordingly, it is not necessary to prepare a separate workpiece transfer device, and the vertical machine tool can be reduced in size without increasing in size. In addition, when a workpiece is transferred with one main shaft and the other adjacent main shaft facing each other, by rotating the one main shaft and the other adjacent main shaft synchronously, one main shaft can be stopped without stopping. A workpiece having one axis can be transferred. For this reason, unlike the prior art, the delivery time of a workpiece having a single axis can be shortened.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when a plurality of the vertical machine tools of the present invention are arranged adjacent to each other, the axis of the spindle in the spindle head is aligned with the axis of the spindle head of the adjacent vertical machine tool. It is not necessary to arrange them on the line, and the flexibility of the machine layout of the vertical machine tool can be increased in design. In actual work, positioning at the time of machine installation can be performed roughly.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the spindle head is located at the workpiece transfer rotation position for transferring workpieces, the spindle head can transfer workpieces to and from other adjacent devices. The spindle head can be machined by a machining tool device when positioned at a rotational position where machining is performed by a machining tool. Here, the other device means the same vertical machine tool or workpiece transfer device as that of itself.

According to the invention of claim 3 , the rotation position of the spindle head is set to a rotation position in which the spindle is inclined with respect to the Z-axis direction in a plane including the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. In this state, the tapered surface is formed only by moving the workpiece in either the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction. If the workpiece is moved in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, respectively, and the taper surface is formed by two-axis control, in this case, the processed surface of the workpiece is The surface roughness becomes rough. On the other hand, in the invention of claim 4, when the workpiece is moved, it is only necessary to control any one of the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The degree gets better.

According to invention of Claim 4 , the workpiece | work which is an intermediate workpiece can be delivered between the spindles of the machining unit of the adjacent vertical machine tool. This eliminates the need for a separate workpiece transfer device. In addition, there is an advantage that the installation space of the machine can be reduced because it is not necessary to provide a workpiece transfer device. Also, when delivering a work with one main shaft and the other adjacent main shaft facing each other, by rotating the main shaft and the other main shaft adjacent to each other synchronously, the work piece can be stopped without stopping one main shaft. I can deliver it. For this reason, it is possible to shorten the workpiece delivery time, unlike the conventional case. Further, it is not necessary to align the axis of the spindle in the spindle head with the axis of the spindle head of the adjacent vertical machine tool, and the flexibility of the machine arrangement of the vertical machine tool can be increased in design. . In actual work, positioning at the time of machine installation can be performed roughly.

According to the invention of claim 5 , when the spindle head is positioned at the workpiece transfer position, the workpiece can be transferred to and from the spindle of another adjacent machining unit. The spindle head can be machined by a machining tool device when positioned at a rotational position where machining is performed by a machining tool.

First, before describing an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a vertical lathe as a vertical machine tool, Reference Examples 1 to 4 will be described with reference to the drawings.
( Reference Example 1 )
Reference Example 1 is an example of a vertical lathe as a vertical machine tool , and Reference Example 1 will be described below with reference to FIGS.

The vertical lathe (hereinafter referred to as a lathe 10) includes an apparatus main body 20, a first transfer device 500, and a second transfer device 600. These devices are controlled by an NC device (not shown).
A column 22 is erected on the rear part of the bed 21 of the lathe 10. The bed 21 and the column 22 are provided with a pair of machining units constituting the apparatus main body 20 side by side. In FIG. 2, the right is the front. In FIG. 1, the left side is referred to as the left, the right side is referred to as the right, the upper side is referred to as the upper side, and the lower side is referred to as the lower side.

In the first reference example , the lathe 10 is provided with a pair of left and right machining units. The machining unit is composed of a spindle head (sometimes referred to as a workpiece spindle head) and a machining tool device having machining tools provided above and below. In the lathe 10 of FIG. 1, a spindle head (work spindle head) of a machining unit located on the left side is referred to as a first spindle head 100, and a machining tool device located on the left side is referred to as a first machining tool device 200. In the lathe 10 of FIG. 1, the spindle head (work spindle head) of the machining unit located on the right side is referred to as a second spindle head 300, and the machining tool device located on the right side is referred to as a second machining tool device 400.

(1. Configuration of the first spindle head 100, the first machining tool device 200, and the surrounding parts)
The column 22 is provided with a second movement drive mechanism M2 on the first spindle head 100 side. The second movement drive mechanism M2 on the first spindle head 100 side includes a cross slide 24, a feed screw 25, a nut 26, and a servo motor 27. The second movement drive mechanism M2 will be described in detail. Two horizontal guide surfaces 23 are formed on the upper front surface of the column 22 along the X-axis direction. That is, in Reference Example 1 , the X-axis direction is the horizontal direction. A cross slide 24 is slidably mounted on the horizontal guide surface 23 in the X-axis direction. A nut 26 is attached to the cross slide 24 to be screwed with a feed screw 25 provided along the X-axis direction of the column 22. The column 22 is provided with a servomotor 27 with an encoder that rotationally drives the feed screw 25. The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the cross slide 24 via the feed screw 25 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 27.

  Further, the NC device (not shown) moves the cross slide 24 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 27, and each position of the first receiving position P1 and the first passing position P2, and the first receiving position P1. Positioning control of the first process machining movement range S1 between the first transfer positions P2 is possible (see FIGS. 3 and 5). 3 and 5, alternate long and short dash lines indicated by P <b> 1 and P <b> 2 and S <b> 1 indicate the positions of axial centers extending in the vertical direction of the cross slide 24. Here, the first receiving position P <b> 1 is a position where the first spindle head 100 receives an unprocessed workpiece W on the first transport device 500. The first delivery position P2 is the position of the first spindle head 100 that delivers the workpiece W that has been processed in the first step (surface machining) to and from the second spindle head 300.

The cross slide 24 is provided with a first movement drive mechanism M1 on the first spindle head 100 side. The first movement drive mechanism M1 on the first spindle head 100 side includes a saddle 30, a feed screw 31, a nut 32, and a servo motor 33. The first moving drive mechanism M1 will be described in detail. On the front surface of the cross slide 24, two Z-axis direction guide surfaces 28 are formed along the Z-axis direction. In this specification , the Z-axis direction refers to a vertical direction in which the upward direction is a reference and the downward direction is 180 ° opposite, and is a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction. The upward direction may be the opposite direction by 180 °. Therefore, in the first reference example , the anti-Z-axis direction indicates a downward direction. A saddle 30 is placed on the Z-axis direction guide surface 28 so as to be slidable back and forth in the Z-axis direction. The saddle 30 is attached with a nut 32 that is screwed with a feed screw 31 provided along the Z-axis direction of the cross slide 24. The cross slide 24 is provided with a servo motor 33 with an encoder that rotationally drives the feed screw 31. The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the saddle 30 via the feed screw 31 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 33.

The saddle 30 is provided with a rotation drive mechanism M3 on the first spindle head 100 side. The rotation drive mechanism M3 includes a rotation shaft 37, a servo motor 45, and the like. In other words, the saddle 30 is provided with the first spindle head 100 via the spindle base 36. The saddle 30 is provided with a rotating shaft 37 having a Y-axis direction axis (B-axis) orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The first spindle head 100 is supported by the rotary shaft 37 and is anti-Z within a plane including the X-axis direction (that is, the X-axis) and the Z-axis direction (that is, the Z-axis) around the rotary shaft 37. Angle indexing positioning is possible within a rotation range of ± 90 degrees in the axial direction and the horizontal direction (in the first reference example , in FIG. 1, the clockwise direction is + and the counterclockwise direction is −). .

In Reference Example 1 and other reference examples and embodiments described later, the angle indexing position of the first spindle head 100 when the spindle 41 faces in the anti-Z-axis direction is referred to as a downward position (angle 0 °). The angle indexing position of 90 ° is referred to as the first giving / receiving angle position. The axis of the main shaft 41 is indicated by O1 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

  The rotation range is not limited to ± 90 degrees with respect to the anti-Z-axis direction, and may be a range exceeding ± 90 degrees such as ± 135 degrees. This angle indexing is called rotational position indexing. The saddle 30 is provided with a servo motor 45 with an encoder. The NC device (not shown) controls the rotational position of the first spindle head 100 via a gear mechanism (not shown) by controlling and rotating the servo motor 45. The gear mechanism may be, for example, a mechanism including a worm operatively connected to the servomotor 45 and a worm wheel provided on the rotating shaft 37 and meshing with the worm.

For convenience of explanation, the B axis of the first spindle head 100 may be referred to as the B1 axis, and the B axis of the second spindle head 300 may be referred to as the B2 axis.
The spindle 41 is provided with a chuck 42 for gripping the workpiece W. The chuck 42 is opened and closed by a known chuck cylinder (not shown). The spindle 41 is rotationally driven by a built-in spindle motor (not shown) incorporated in the first spindle head 100. The spindle motor is composed of a stator attached to the first spindle head 100 side and a rotor attached to the spindle 41 side, and rotation control and turning angle indexing are performed by the NC device.

  A first processing tool device 200 is attached to the front upper surface of the bed 21. The first machining tool device 200 is provided with a first turret 210 so as to be capable of turning and indexing about an axis parallel to a predetermined direction (for example, the X-axis direction). A plurality of first processing tools 220 are radially attached to the first turret 210.

  A feed screw 230 is provided on the upper surface of the bed 21 below the first processing tool device 200 along the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The NC device (not shown) controls and moves the first machining tool device 200 in the Y-axis direction via the feed screw 230 by controlling and rotating a servo motor with an encoder (not shown).

  The first transfer device 500 is provided on the upper surface of the bed 21 in the vicinity of the first processing tool device 200. The first transfer device 500 is configured to transfer the unprocessed workpiece W to the first receiving position P1 set so that the first spindle head 100 receives the unprocessed workpiece W (see FIG. 6). .

(2. Configuration of the second spindle head 300, the second machining tool device 400, and the surrounding parts)
The second spindle head 300 and the second machining tool device 400 constituting the right machining unit are different from the first spindle head 100 and the first machining tool device 200 constituting the left machining unit, respectively. It is in a mirror image relationship with a virtual plane passing through the center in the left-right direction in the Z-axis direction. That is, the second spindle head 300, the second machining tool device 400, the first movement drive mechanism M1a, the second movement drive mechanism M2a, and the rotation drive mechanism M3a constituting the right machining unit are arranged on the first spindle head 100 side. A configuration corresponding to a member provided in a machining unit is provided. That is, the configuration of each member of the first spindle head 100 and the second spindle head 300 is the same including the size of each member and the height of each member. For this reason, about each apparatus or member which comprises the right side machining unit, a is further attached | subjected to the same code | symbol attached to each apparatus or member which comprises the left side machining unit, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. As a result, the horizontal guide surface 23 and the horizontal guide surface 23a are located on the same straight line.

  The NC device (not shown) controls the servo motor 27a provided on the second spindle head 300 to rotate the cross slide 24a provided on the second spindle head 300 side via the feed screw 25a. Move and position.

  Further, the NC device (not shown) moves the cross slide 24a by controlling and rotating the servo motor 27a, and each of the second receiving position P3 and the second passing position P4, and the second receiving position P3, Positioning control of the second process machining movement range S2 between the second transfer positions P4 is possible (see FIGS. 3 and 5). 3 and 5, alternate long and short dash lines indicated by P3 and P4 and S2 indicate the positions of the axial centers extending in the vertical direction of the cross slide 24a. Here, the second receiving position P3 is a position where the second spindle head 300 receives the workpiece W that has been processed in the first process with the first spindle head 100. The second transfer position P4 is a position of the second spindle head 300 that transfers the workpiece W that has been processed in the second step (back processing) to the second transfer device 600.

  The distance between the first passing position P2 and the second receiving position P3 is the length of the workpiece W in the axial center direction, the length of the portion of the workpiece W gripped by the chucks 42 and 42a, the both spindle heads It is set based on specifications such as the size of.

The first receiving position P1, the first passing position P2, the second receiving position P3, and the second passing position P4 are located on the movement locus of the cross slides 24 and 24a parallel to the X-axis direction.
The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the saddle 30a via the feed screw 31a by controlling and rotating a servo motor 33a provided on the second spindle head 300 side.

  The NC device (not shown) controls the rotational position of the second spindle head 300 via a gear train (not shown) by controlling and rotating a servo motor 45a (see FIG. 5) provided on the second spindle head 300 side. To do.

The saddle 30a is provided with a second spindle head 300 that rotatably supports the spindle 41a. The second spindle head 300 includes an X-axis direction (that is, the X-axis) and a Z-axis direction (that is, the Z-axis) centering on an axis in the Y-axis direction (B2 axis) orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Angle indexing positioning is possible within a rotation range of ± 90 degrees in the Z axis direction and horizontal direction in the plane (in this reference example 1 , the clockwise direction is + and the counterclockwise direction is − in FIG. 1) It is supported by. In Reference Example 1 , the angle indexing position of the second spindle head 300 when the spindle 41a faces in the anti-Z-axis direction is referred to as a downward position (angle 0 degree), and the position of the angle indexing position of +90 degrees is the first position. 2 It is called the receiving and receiving angle position. The spindle 41a is driven to rotate by a built-in spindle motor (not shown) incorporated in the second spindle head 300. The axis of the main shaft 41a is indicated by O2 (see FIG. 1). The spindle motor is composed of a stator attached to the second spindle head 300 side and a rotor attached to the spindle 41a side, and rotation control and turning angle indexing are performed by the NC device.

  A second processing tool device 400 is attached to the front upper surface of the bed 21. In the second machining tool device 400, a second turret 210a is provided so as to be capable of turning and indexing about an axis parallel to a predetermined direction (for example, the X-axis direction). A plurality of second processing tools 220a are radially attached to the second turret 210a.

  A feed screw 230a is provided on the upper surface of the bed 21 below the second machining tool device 400 along the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The NC device (not shown) controls the movement of the second machining tool device 400 in the Y-axis direction via the feed screw 230a by controlling and rotating a servo motor with an encoder (not shown).

  The second transfer device 600 is provided on the upper surface of the bed 21 in the vicinity of the second processing tool device 400. The second transport device 600 receives the workpiece W from the second spindle head 300 and places the workpiece W at the second delivery position P4 set for the second spindle head 300 to deliver the processed workpiece W. And are carried out together (see FIG. 4).

(Function)
Now, the operation of the lathe 10 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. For convenience of explanation, first, the first and second steps shown in FIG. 3 will be explained. In the first reference example , the workpiece W has a single axial center, that is, a short cylindrical shape having a single axial center forming a straight line.

(First step and second step)
In the first spindle head 100, the workpiece W is held by the chuck 42 so as to perform the machining in the first process, and the machining such as cutting is performed by the first machining tool 220 of the first machining tool device 200. Shall.

  On the first spindle head 100 side, the cross slide 24 is located between the first receiving position P1 and the first passing position P2 by the servo motor 27 being controlled and rotated by the NC device (not shown). It is located within the machining movement range S1.

  Further, the saddle 30 is held by the first spindle head 100 by the first machining tool 220 of the first turret 210 as shown in FIG. 3 when the servo motor 33 is controlled and rotated by the NC device (not shown). The workpiece W is located at a position where it is processed.

  Further, the first spindle head 100 is set to the downward position by the servo motor 45 being controlled and rotated by the NC device (not shown). As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the unprocessed workpiece W is positioned in a region where the first processing tool 220 of the first turret 210 performs processing such as cutting.

  And the workpiece | work W hold | maintained at the chuck | zipper 42 of the 1st spindle head 100 by the movement of the Y-axis direction of the 1st processing tool apparatus 200, and each of the cross slide 24 and the 1st spindle head 100 moving relatively. The cutting process is performed.

  On the other hand, on the second spindle head 300 side, the cross slide 24a is moved between the second receiving position P3 and the second passing position P4 by the servo motor 27a being controlled and rotated by the NC device (not shown). It is located within the two-step machining movement range S2.

  Further, the saddle 30a is held by the second spindle head 300 by the second machining tool 220a of the second turret 210a as shown in FIG. 3 when the servo motor 33a is controlled and rotated by the NC device (not shown). The workpiece W is located at a position where it is processed.

  The second spindle head 300 is positioned downward by the servo motor 45a being controlled and rotated by the NC device (not shown). As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the unprocessed workpiece W is located in a region where the second processing tool 220a of the second turret 210a is processed such as cutting.

  And the workpiece | work W hold | maintained at the chuck | zipper 42a of the 2nd spindle head 300 by the movement of the Y-axis direction of the 2nd machining tool apparatus 400, and each of the cross slide 24a and the 2nd spindle head 300 moving relatively. The cutting process is performed.

(End of the second step)
When processing of the second step is completed on the second spindle head 300 side, the NC device (not shown) controls the spindle motor (not shown) to stop the rotation of the spindle 41a, and controls the servo motor 33a to wait for the saddle 30a to saddle. Position to position. Here, the saddle standby position is the position of the saddles 30 and 30a when the workpiece W is transferred. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the NC device controls the servo motor 27a to position the cross slide 24a from the second process machining movement range S2 to the second transfer position P4. Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 33a to position the saddle 30a at the work release position for releasing the work, and places the work W that has finished the second step on the placement surface of the second transport device 600. Then, the chuck cylinder (not shown) is controlled to release the holding of the chuck 42a. The work release position of the saddle 30a is a position located below the saddle standby position of the saddle 30a. Thereafter, the NC device controls the servo motor 33a to place the saddle 30a at the saddle standby position.

  Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 45a to rotate the second spindle head 300 about the B2 axis and to position it at the second transfer angle position (+90 degrees rotation). Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 27a to move the cross slide 24a located at the second transfer position P4 to be positioned at the second receiving position P3 (see FIG. 5). In this state, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder (not shown) to open the chuck 42a so that the workpiece W can be held, and controls the spindle motor (not shown) to rotate the spindle 41a to the first spindle head 100. Is synchronized with the rotation of the main shaft 41.

Moreover, the 2nd conveying apparatus 600 carries out the workpiece | work W mounted on the mounting surface.
(Transfer of work W after the completion of the first process)
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, when the first process is completed on the first spindle head 100 side, the NC apparatus stops the rotation of the spindle 41 and moves the spindle motor (not shown) to the second spindle head. The main spindle 41a of 300 is controlled to rotate synchronously. The NC device controls the servo motor 33 to position the saddle 30 at the saddle standby position. That is, since the saddle standby position of the saddle 30 and the saddle standby position of the saddle 30a have the same height, the saddle 30 is set to the same height as the saddle 30a already in the saddle standby position. Next, the NC device controls the servo motor 45 to rotate the first spindle head 100 about the B1 axis to be positioned at the first transfer angle position (-90 ° rotation). When the first spindle head 100 is located at the first delivery angle position, the spindle 41 is disposed concentrically with the spindle 41a of the second spindle head 300 located at the second delivery angle position.

  Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 27 to position the cross slide 24 located in the first process machining movement range S1 at the first transfer position P2. As a result, in the workpiece W held by the chuck 42 of the main spindle 41 of the first main spindle head 100, the end on the chuck 42a side enters the chuck 42a of the main spindle 41a of the second main spindle head 300. In this state, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the second spindle head 300 side to close the chuck 42a and hold the workpiece W. Thereafter, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the first spindle head 100 side to release the workpiece W. In this way, the workpiece W is transferred from the first spindle head 100 to the second spindle head 300.

  At this time, since the main shaft 41 and the main shaft 41a rotate synchronously, the chuck 42a of the main shaft 41a can be changed while the workpiece W of the chuck 42 of the main shaft 41 is held. As a result, there is no error in the gripping position, and the processing accuracy is improved because the gripping accuracy can be increased. Further, since the workpiece W can be exchanged without stopping the spindle 41, the delivery time can be shortened compared with the case where the spindle 41 is stopped and exchanged.

(Acceptance of the work W of the 1st spindle head 100 and the start of the 2nd process of the 2nd spindle head 300)
Subsequently, on the first spindle head 100 side, the NC device controls the servo motor 45 to rotate the first spindle head 100 around the B1 axis and position it at the downward position. Subsequently, the NC device controls the servo motor 27 to position the cross slide 24 positioned at the first transfer position P2 at the first receiving position P1. Subsequently, the NC device controls the servo motor 33 to position the saddle 30 positioned at the saddle standby position at the workpiece acquisition position for acquiring the workpiece (see FIG. 6). The work acquisition position of the saddle 30 is located below the saddle standby position of the saddle 30. Then, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder to grip the unprocessed workpiece W carried by the first transfer device 500 with the chuck 42. Thereafter, the NC device controls the servo motor 33 to place the saddle 30 at the saddle standby position. Subsequently, the NC device controls the servo motor 27 to position the cross slide 24 within the first process machining movement range S1. Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 33 to lower the saddle 30 located at the saddle standby position, so that the workpiece W held by the chuck 42 of the first spindle head 100 is subjected to the first machining of the first turret 210. The tool 220 is positioned at a position where it can be processed (see FIG. 3).

  On the other hand, on the second spindle head 300 side, the NC device controls the servo motor 45a to rotate and position the second spindle head 300 located at the second delivery angle position to the downward position. In this state, the NC device controls the servo motor 27a to position the cross slide 24a within the second process machining movement range S2 from the second receiving position P3. Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 33a, lowers the saddle 30a from the saddle standby position, and positions the workpiece W at a position where it can be machined by the second machining tool 220a of the second turret 210a (FIG. 3). reference).

The lathe 10 of Reference Example 1 configured as described above has the following effects.
(1) In the first reference example , when the workpiece W that has finished the first step is transferred from the first spindle head 100 to the second spindle head 300, the spindle 41 and the spindle 41a rotate synchronously. The chuck 42a of the spindle 41a can be changed while the workpiece W of the chuck 42 is held. As a result, there is no error in the gripping position, and the processing accuracy is improved because the gripping accuracy can be increased. In addition, since the workpiece W can be transferred without stopping the spindle 41, the delivery time can be shortened as compared with the case where the spindle 41 is stopped and the workpiece is transferred to the second spindle head 300.

  (2) Also, the first spindle head 100 and the second spindle head 300 rotate the −90 degrees and −90 degrees from the downward positions, respectively, so that the workpiece W is transferred in a state where they are horizontal to each other. As a result, it is not necessary to separately prepare a device for transferring the workpiece, and the device can be miniaturized because the installation space for the device for transferring the workpiece can be omitted.

(3) In the first reference example , the first spindle head 100 is at the first transfer angle position (work transfer rotation position) of −90 °, and the second spindle head 300 is the second transfer angle position (work transfer rotation of +90 degrees). The main shaft 41 and the main shaft 41a are arranged so as to be concentric when positioned at (position), and the workpiece W can be transferred. Then, when the first spindle head 100 and the second spindle head 300 are respectively in the downward position (rotation position where machining is performed by the machining tool), machining can be performed by the first machining tool device 200 and the second machining tool device 400. .

( Reference Example 2 )
Next, Reference Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the vertical lathe of Reference Example 2 (hereinafter referred to as a lathe 10A), in addition to the configuration of Reference Example 1 , a processing tool device (hereinafter referred to as a third processing tool device) is added between the processing unit units. However, since they are different, the description of the same configuration as that of the reference example 1 is omitted, and the newly added configuration will be described.

  The third machining tool device 800 is provided between the first machining tool device 200 and the second machining tool device 400 in the left and right machining units. The third machining tool device 800 includes a third movement drive mechanism N1, a fourth movement drive mechanism N2, and a third turret 810.

  The third movement drive mechanism N1 includes a cross slide 124, a feed screw 125, a nut (not shown), and a servo motor 127. The third moving drive mechanism N1 will be described in detail. Two horizontal guide surfaces 123 are formed on the central front surface of the lower portion of the column 22 along the X-axis direction. A cross slide 124 is placed on the horizontal guide surface 123 so as to be slidable back and forth in the X-axis direction. A nut (not shown) that is screwed with a feed screw 125 provided along the X-axis direction of the column 22 is attached to the cross slide 124. The column 22 is provided with a servo motor 127 with an encoder that rotationally drives the feed screw 125. The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the cross slide 124 via the feed screw 125 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 127.

  The cross slide 124 is provided with a fourth movement drive mechanism N2. The fourth movement drive mechanism N2 includes a saddle 130, a feed screw 131, a nut (not shown), and a servo motor 133. The fourth moving drive mechanism N2 will be described in detail. Two Z-axis direction guide surfaces 128 are formed on the front surface of the cross slide 124 along the Z-axis direction. On the Z-axis direction guide surface 128, a saddle 130 is placed so as to be slidable back and forth in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). The saddle 130 is provided with a nut (not shown) that is screwed with a feed screw 131 provided along the Z-axis direction of the cross slide 124. The cross slide 124 is provided with a servo motor 133 with an encoder that rotationally drives the feed screw 131. The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the saddle 130 in the Z-axis direction via the feed screw 131 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 133.

  The third turret 810 is attached to the upper surface of the saddle 130. The third turret 810 is provided so as to be capable of turning indexing about an axis parallel to a predetermined direction (for example, the Z-axis direction). On the upper surface of the third turret 810, a plurality of third processing tools 820 are erected at regular intervals and arranged on a circle concentric with the axis of the third turret 310.

In the reference example 2 , since the workpiece W is exchanged similarly to the reference example 1 , the explanation of the workpiece W exchange is omitted.
In Reference Example 2 , during the second step, an NC device (not shown) drives and controls the servo motor 127 to move the third machining tool device 800 and place it close to the second machining tool device 400. Then, the third processing tool 820 performs cutting or the like of a predetermined portion in cooperation with, or intermittently or independently of, machining such as cutting of the workpiece W of the second processing tool device 400. . The predetermined portion includes a portion that cannot be processed by the second processing tool 220a.

  When the third machining tool device 800 is in the first step, an NC device (not shown) drives and controls the servo motor 127 to move the third machining tool device 800 in the X-axis direction to perform the first machining. The tool device 200 is disposed close to the tool device 200. Then, a predetermined portion may be cut in cooperation with the machining of the workpiece W of the first machining tool device 200 simultaneously with the machining, intermittently, or independently. The predetermined part includes a part that cannot be processed by the first processing tool 220.

Therefore, Reference Example 2 has the following characteristic effects.
(1) In the lathe 10A of Reference Example 2 , the work W attached to the spindles 41, 41a of at least one of the machining units is moved by the third machining tool device 800 disposed between the machining units. Can be processed. That is, when machining is performed with the machining tool device of any one machining tool unit, the third machining tool 820 of the third machining tool device cooperates at the same time, intermittently, or independently. Can be processed.

  And when it processes simultaneously in cooperation, processing time can be shortened. Further, the part of the workpiece W that cannot be processed by the processing tool device of each processing work unit can be processed by the third processing tool 820 of the third processing tool device 800.

(2) In the lathe 10A of Reference Example 2 , the third machining tool device 800 includes the third movement drive mechanism N1 that moves the machining tool device in the X-axis direction, and thus the X-axis of the third machining tool 820. The part of the workpiece W can be processed according to the position moved in the direction.

(3) In the lathe 10A of Reference Example 2 , the third machining tool device 800 can move in the Z-axis direction, so that the part of the workpiece W can be machined according to the position where the third machining tool 820 has moved in the Z-axis direction. it can.

( Reference Example 3 )
Next, Reference Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the vertical lathe of Reference Example 3 (hereinafter referred to as a lathe 10B), in addition to the configuration of Reference Example 1 , a processing tool device (hereinafter referred to as a fourth processing tool device) is added between the respective processing tool units. However, since they are different, the description of the same configuration as that of the reference example 1 is omitted, and the newly added configuration will be described.

The fourth machining tool device 900 is provided between the first machining tool device 200 and the second machining tool device 400 in the left and right machining units.
The fourth machining tool device 900 includes a third movement drive mechanism N1, a fourth movement drive mechanism N2, and a tool spindle head 950. Third movement drive mechanism N1 and the fourth movement driving mechanism N2, the order is the same as in Reference Example 2 configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals to the configuration of the same structure or corresponding Reference Example 2, the description thereof Is omitted.

  Therefore, the NC device (not shown) can move and position the cross slide 124 via the feed screw 125 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 127 of the third movement drive mechanism N1. Further, the NC device (not shown) can move and position the saddle 130 via the feed screw 131 by controlling and rotating the servo motor 133 of the fourth movement drive mechanism N2.

A front surface which is one side surface of the saddle 130 is provided with a rotation shaft (not shown) including an axis in the Y-axis direction (B3 axis) orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The tool spindle head 950 is supported by the rotating shaft, and the Z-axis direction is within a plane including the X-axis direction (that is, the X-axis) and the Z-axis direction (that is, the Z-axis) around the rotating shaft. Angle indexing positioning is possible within a rotation range of ± 90 degrees in the horizontal direction (in this reference example 3 , in FIG. 11, the clockwise direction is + and the counterclockwise direction is −). Note that the rotation range is not limited to ± 90 degrees with respect to the Z direction, and may be set to an angle range according to the processing content of the workpiece W. This angle indexing is called rotational position indexing.

  The saddle 130 is provided with a servo motor 960 with an encoder. The NC device (not shown) controls the rotational position of the tool spindle head 950 via a gear mechanism (not shown) by controlling and rotating the servo motor 960. Examples of the gear mechanism include a mechanism comprising a worm operatively connected to a servo motor 960 and a worm wheel provided on the rotating shaft and meshing with the worm. The servo motor 960, the gear mechanism, the rotary shaft, and the like constitute a tool spindle head 950, that is, a machining tool rotation drive mechanism that rotationally drives the fifth machining tool 980.

  The tool spindle head 950 is rotatably supported by a tool spindle 970 and is provided with a servomotor (not shown) with an encoder that rotates the tool spindle 970 and calculates a turning angle. A fifth machining tool 980 is provided at the tip of the tool spindle 970. The tool spindle 970 is rotatable about the B3 axis in a plane including the X axis direction (that is, the X axis) and the Z axis direction (that is, the Z axis) together with the tool spindle head 950. The NC device (not shown) rotates around the axis of the tool spindle 970 or calculates a turning angle by controlling the servo motor.

Now, turning 10B of Reference Example 3, to omit the first step and the second step of Example 1, to process the peripheral surface of the long rod-shaped workpiece W1 than the work W of Reference Example 1. In this case, the workpiece W1 before processing can be held upright on the upper surface of the first transfer device 500, and the workpiece W1 after processing can be held upright on the upper surface of the second transfer device 600.

  The NC device (not shown) drives and controls the servo motor 27a of the second movement drive mechanism M2a on the second spindle head 300 side to move the cross slide 24a to the second receiving position P3. Further, the NC device controls the servo motor 45a to rotate the second spindle head 300 about the B2 axis to be positioned at the second delivery angle position (+90 degrees rotation). At this time, the NC device drives and controls the servo motor 33a to move and position the saddle 30a so that the height of the saddle 30a becomes an appropriate height according to the length of the workpiece W1. In this state, the NC device controls a chuck cylinder (not shown) on the second spindle head 300 side to open the chuck 42a so that the workpiece W can be held.

Further, the NC device drives and controls the servo motor 33 of the first movement drive mechanism M1, and moves the saddle 30 to a position where the upper end of the workpiece W1 can be held. As in the first reference example , the NC device drives and controls the servo motor 27 of the second movement drive mechanism M2, moves the cross slide 24 to the first receiving position P1, and moves the cross slide 24 to the first movement drive mechanism M1. 33 is driven and controlled, and the saddle 30 is moved to a position where the upper end of the workpiece W1 can be held. In this state, the NC device operates a chuck cylinder (not shown) to hold the upper end of the workpiece W1 by the chuck 42. Thereafter, the servo motor 33 is driven and controlled so that the workpiece W1 is detached from the upper surface of the first transfer device 500, and the saddle 30 is raised to the saddle standby position.

In Reference Example 3 , the saddle standby positions of the saddle 30 and the saddle 30a are set to have the same height. Next, the NC device controls the servo motor 45 to rotate the first spindle head 100 about the B1 axis to be positioned at the first transfer angle position (-90 ° rotation).

  Then, the NC device controls the servo motor 27 to position the cross slide 24 at the first transfer position P2. As a result, in the workpiece W1 held by the chuck 42 of the spindle 41 of the first spindle head 100, the end on the chuck 42a side enters the chuck 42a of the spindle 41a of the second spindle head 300. In this state, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the second spindle head 300 side, closes the chuck 42a, and holds the workpiece W1.

  In this state, with the both ends of the work W1 being held, the NC device controls the rotation of the spindles 41 and 41a by controlling each spindle motor (not shown) and drives and controls a servo motor (not shown). Then, the tool spindle 970 of the tool spindle head 950 is rotated. Further, the NC device drives and controls the third movement drive mechanism N1, the fourth movement drive mechanism N2, and the servo motor 960 of the tool spindle head 950, and the fifth machining tool 980 cuts the peripheral surface of the workpiece W1. Machining.

When the machining of the peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 is completed, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the first spindle head 100 side to release the holding of the workpiece W1. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, transfer of the workpiece W from the first spindle head 100 to the second spindle head 300 is performed, it is thereafter is the NC device in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, controls and drives, The workpiece W1 is held by the second transfer device 600.

Now, the lathe 10B of Reference Example 3 configured as described above has the following characteristics.
(1) In the lathe 10B of Reference Example 3 , the fourth machining tool device 900 disposed between the machining units includes a machining tool rotation drive mechanism that calculates the rotational position of the fifth machining tool 980. The processing according to the rotational position of the fifth processing tool 980 can be performed.

( Reference Example 4 )
Next, Reference Example 4 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In Reference Example 4 , the configuration of the lathe 10 of Reference Example 1 includes the second spindle head 300 and its peripheral mechanism, the second machining tool device 400, and the second transport device that constitute the right machining unit in FIG. 600 is omitted. That is, in a vertical lathe (hereinafter referred to as a lathe 10C) that is a vertical machine tool of Reference Example 4 , the first spindle head 100 (work spindle head) constituting the left machining unit of Reference Example 1 and its A peripheral mechanism, a first processing tool device 200, and a first transfer device 500 are provided. Accordingly, the same components as those in Reference Example 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the implementation form in Reference Example 4 and you later, for convenience of explanation, simply referred to as a spindle head 100 of the first spindle head 100, the first processing tool 200 to simply as the processing tool unit. Similarly, the first processing tool 220 is simply referred to as the processing tool 220, and the first transfer device 500 is simply referred to as the transfer device 500.

In Reference Example 4 , the same operation as the lathe 10 of Reference Example 1 can be obtained by combining and arranging the lathe 10C.
FIG. 14 shows an example in which three same lathes 10C are arranged in series. In FIG. 14, for convenience of explanation, reference numerals 1, 2, and 3 from the left are added to the reference numerals of the lathe 10C. As shown in FIG. 14, the two left lathes 10 </ b> C <b> 1 and 10 </ b> C <b> 2 can exhibit functions equivalent to those of the lathe 10 of Reference Example 1 by being arranged close to each other.

That is, the spindle head 100 of the lathe 10C1 can be positioned at the first transfer angle position (work transfer rotation position) as in the first reference example . Further, the cross slide 24 can be moved to be positioned at the first receiving position P1 and the first transfer position P2.

Further, when the work head W is transferred from the lathe 10C1 to the spindle head 100 of the lathe 10C2 and its peripheral mechanism and the first machining tool device 200, a machining unit on the right side of the lathe 10 of Reference Example 1 is configured. What is necessary is just to operate | move similarly to the 2nd spindle head 300 and its surrounding mechanism which are present, and the 2nd machining tool apparatus 400. In the lathe 10C2, the cross slide 24 can be moved to be positioned at the second receiving position P3 and the first transfer position P2. In the lathe 10 of Reference Example 1 , in the right machining unit, the cross slide 24a on the second spindle head 300 side is movable between the second receiving position P3 and the second delivery position P4. However, in Reference Example 4 , the lathe 10C2 transfers workpieces to the workpiece reversing apparatus 1000, and therefore moves the workpiece for the next step, similarly to the lathe 10C1, instead of the second transfer position P4. In this case, the first transfer position P2 is set. In Reference Example 4 , the distance between the first transfer position P2 and the second reception position P3 is grasped by the chuck 42 on the workpiece W of both lathes. It is set based on specifications such as the length of the part and the size of both spindle heads. Further, it is assumed that the lathe 10C1 and the lathe 10C2 are arranged so that the horizontal guide surfaces 23 are located on the same straight line.

  Further, the lathe 10C3 arranged on the rightmost side in FIG. 14 is arranged with the work reversing device 1000 interposed between the middle lathe 10C2. The work reversing device 1000 includes a work reversing unit 1100 at the top. The work reversing unit 1100 is set and arranged so that the work W can be transferred. The workpiece reversing unit 1100 is provided with a gripping unit 1200 including a chuck capable of gripping the workpiece W received from the spindle head 100 of the left lathe 10C. The workpiece reversing device 1000 holds the workpiece W toward the lathe 10C2 with the gripping portion 1200 in a horizontal state, and then reverses by 180 ° under the control of an NC device (not shown), to the spindle head 100 of the right lathe 10C3. Work W can be delivered.

These lathes 10 </ b> C <b> 1 to 10 </ b> C <b> 3 can be performed in a state where the spindle head 100 is horizontal as in Reference Example 1 , when the workpiece W <b> 1 is transferred to the adjacent lathe or the workpiece reversing device 1000.

The lathes 10C2 and 10C3 include the transport device 500. However, the lathes 10C2 and 10C3 may be omitted because the transport device 500 is not used in the example illustrated in FIG.
FIG. 15 shows an example in which a plurality of the same lathes 10C are arranged in series in a U-shape. For convenience of explanation in FIG. 15, codes 1 to 7 from the left are added to the codes of the lathe 10 </ b> C. Work reversing devices 1000A and 1000B are arranged between the lathe 10C3 and the lathe 10C4 and between the lathe 10C4 and the lathe 10C5. Work reversing apparatuses 1000A and 1000B are provided with work reversing units 1100A and 1100B at the top. The work reversing units 1100A and 1100B are set and arranged so that the work W can be transferred.

  The workpiece reversing portions 1100A and 1100B are provided with gripping portions 1200A and 1200B made of chucks that can grip the workpiece W received from the spindle head 100 of the adjacent adjacent lathe 10C.

  The workpiece reversing devices 1000A and 1000B hold the workpieces W with respect to the lathe 10C2 with the gripping portions 1200A and 1200B in a horizontal state, and then rotate 90 ° under the control of an NC device (not shown). The workpiece W can be delivered to the spindle head 100 of 10C.

  For example, in the work reversing device 1000A, the work W can be transferred from the lathe 10C3 to the lathe 10C4. In the work reversing apparatus 1000B, the work W can be transferred from the lathe 10C4 to the lathe 10C5.

Reference Example 4 has the following characteristics.
(1) When the lathes 10C1 to 10C7 are arranged as described above, machining of the workpiece W can be sequentially performed in each lathe. For example, since the workpiece W can be directly transferred between the lathe 10C1 and the lathe 10C2, and between the lathe 10C5 and the lathe 10C6, a work reversing device (work transfer device) is not necessary, and the installation space of the machine is reduced. Can do.

(2) According to the reference example 4 , when the spindle head 100 is positioned at the first transfer angle position (work transfer rotation position), the workpiece can be transferred to and from the spindle of another adjacent machining unit. The spindle head 100 can be machined by the machining tool device 200 when the spindle head 100 is positioned at a rotational position where machining is performed by the machining tool 220.

(Implementation form)
Next, the implementation form of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18.
Compared with the configuration of the lathe of Reference Example 4 , the lathe 10D of the present embodiment is configured such that the spindle head 100 (work spindle head) is also movable in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Is different. The same configuration as that of Reference Example 4 or a corresponding configuration will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and a description will be given focusing on a configuration different from Reference Example 4 .

In the present embodiment, a column saddle 50 is provided on the bed 21 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. Specifically, the second movement drive mechanism M2 includes a column saddle 50, a feed screw 21b, a nut 51, and a servo motor (not shown). The second moving drive mechanism M2 will be described in detail. On the upper surface of the bed 21, two horizontal guide surfaces 21a are formed along the X-axis direction. A column saddle 50 is slidably mounted in the X-axis direction on the horizontal guide surface 21a. The column saddle 50 is provided with a nut 51 that is screwed with a feed screw 21 b provided along the X-axis direction with respect to the bed 21. The bed 21 is provided with a servomotor (not shown) with an encoder that rotationally drives the feed screw 21b. The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the column saddle 50 through the feed screw 21b by controlling and rotating the servo motor.

  A column 22 is provided on the upper surface of the column saddle 50 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Since the column 22 is movable in the Y-axis direction, the spindle head 100 is movable in the Y-axis direction. More specifically, the moving drive mechanism MA that moves the spindle head 100 in the Y-axis direction includes a column 22, a feed screw 52, a nut 22a, and a servo motor (not shown). The moving drive mechanism MA will be described in detail. On the upper surface of the column saddle 50, two horizontal guide surfaces 53 are formed along the Y-axis direction. On the horizontal guide surface 53, the column 22 is slidably mounted in the Y-axis direction.

  The column 22 is provided with a nut 22a that is screwed with a feed screw 52 provided along the Y-axis direction with respect to the column saddle 50. The column saddle 50 is provided with a servomotor (not shown) with an encoder that rotationally drives the feed screw 52. The NC device (not shown) moves and positions the column 22 via the feed screw 52 by controlling and rotating the servo motor.

Two Z-axis direction guide surfaces 28 are formed in the column 22. A saddle 30 is provided on the Z-axis direction guide surface 28 so as to be slidable back and forth in the Z-axis direction. The saddle 30 is provided with a nut (not shown) that is screwed with a feed screw provided along the Z-axis direction of the column 22, and the saddle 30 is moved in the Z-axis direction by driving a servo motor 33. Drive to. The saddle 30, the feed screw, the nut, and the servo motor 33 constitute a first movement drive mechanism M 1 as in Reference Example 4 .

The rotation drive mechanism M3 has the same configuration as that of the reference example 4, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
The lathe 10D configured as described above can have the same arrangement as the machine arrangement of FIGS. 14 and 15 described in Reference Example 4 . In such an arrangement, the lathe 10D has the following advantages when the plurality of lathes 10D are arranged adjacent to each other because the spindle head 100 can move in the Y-axis direction via the column 22.

  FIG. 18 shows a state where the lathes 10D1 to 10D3 of this embodiment are mechanically arranged side by side. In the figure, α to γ in the lathes 10D1 to 10D3 indicate schematic trajectories of the movable range of the spindle head 100 moving in the Y-axis direction. As shown in the figure, the lathes 10D1 to 10D3 are mechanically displaced from each other in the Y-axis direction, but the main spindles of the lathes 10D1 to 10D3 are not required to be arranged in a straight line in the X-axis direction. It can be seen that the head 100 may be arranged roughly as long as the head 100 can move in the Y-axis direction. That is, when arranged as shown in the figure, since the spindle head 100 can move in the Y-axis direction for transferring workpieces between adjacent lathes, if each column 22 is moved to a position where it can be mutually relative, Work W can be exchanged. Therefore, when a plurality of lathes 10D of this embodiment are arranged adjacent to each other, it is not necessary to align the axis of the spindle in the spindle head 100 with the axis of the spindle head 100 of the adjacent lathe. Moreover, the flexibility of the machine layout of the lathe 10D can be increased. In actual work, positioning at the time of machine installation can be performed roughly.

In addition, embodiment of this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, the following may be used.
(1) Instead of the servomotors 27 and 27a that drive the first spindle head 100 and the second spindle head 300 in the X-axis direction, linear motors may be used.

(2) Instead of the servo motors 33 and 33a that drive the first spindle head 100 and the second spindle head 300 in the Z-axis direction, linear motors may be used.
(3) When the main spindle 41 and the main spindle 41a of the first main spindle head 100 and the second main spindle head 300 are positioned in the downward position, the main axis 41 and 41a are inclined in the vertical direction instead of in the vertical direction. To place in. That is, the feed screw 31 constituting the first movement drive mechanism on the first spindle head 100 side and the feed screw 31a constituting the first movement drive mechanism on the second spindle head 300 side are inclined in the same vertical direction. Arrange it in the direction. The direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction is the Z-axis direction. The tilted Z-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction.

(4) at least one of the first spindle head 100 and the second spindle head 300, instead of the bottom-facing position, when the rotational position of ± θ (0 ° <θ < 90 °), processed by a processing tool It may be a rotational position where In this way, a tapered surface can be formed on the workpiece W. For example, in FIG. 7, when the spindle 41 is rotated around the O1 axis with the first spindle head 100 inclined to −θ, the first machining tool 220 forms a tapered surface Wa on the peripheral surface of the workpiece W. be able to. In this case, the tapered surface is formed only by one-axis control for moving the first processing tool 220 in the X-axis direction.

  Temporarily, the spindle 41 of the first spindle head 100 is indexed downward in the Z-axis direction, and in this state, the first machining tool 220 forms a tapered surface with respect to the workpiece. Two-axis control is performed to control the motors 27 and 33 simultaneously. In this case, since the two-axis control is performed, the processed surface of the workpiece has a rough surface.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, it can implement | achieve by performing 1 axis | shaft control which moves the taper surface which inclines with respect to the axial center O1, O2 of the main shafts 41 and 41a to an X-axis direction. In this case, the surface roughness of the formed tapered surface is improved compared to the case where the biaxial control is performed. In the above example, the description has been given of the single-axis control when the workpiece is moved in the X-axis direction. However, the taper surface is similarly formed by the single-axis control when the workpiece is moved in the Z-axis direction. Even in this case, the surface roughness of the tapered surface is improved for the same reason as described above.

(5) word over click W is, if without a single axis, for example, both ends in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece W is in the position eccentric to each other, provided with a parallel axis R1, R2 together If there is, the NC device (not shown) for transferring the workpiece W may be controlled as follows, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the workpiece W is transferred, on the second spindle head 300 side, the NC device controls the servo motor 27a so that the cross slide 24a is positioned at the second receiving position P3. For convenience of explanation, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the end portion having the axis R1 is gripped by the chuck 42 in the workpiece W.

  In this state, the NC device controls the servo motor 33a to place the saddle 30a at the saddle standby position that is lower than the height of the saddle standby position of the saddle 30 by the separation distance between the shaft centers R1 and R2. Further, the NC device controls the servo motor 45a to place the second spindle head 300 at the second index angle position (+ 90 ° rotation). In this case, the NC device controls the built-in type spindle motor to stop the rotation of the spindle 41a of the second spindle head 300.

Further, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder (not shown) on the second spindle head 300 side to open the chuck 42a so that the workpiece W can be held.
The NC device controls the servo motor 33 to position the saddle 30 at the saddle standby position. Thereafter, the NC device controls the servo motor 45 to position the first spindle head 100 at the first index angle position (rotation of −90 °). Further, the NC device controls the rotation angle indexing of a spindle motor (not shown), and stops the spindle 41 of the first spindle head 100 so that the axis R2 of the workpiece W is positioned vertically below the axis R1. Let

  Thereafter, the NC device controls the servo motor 27 to move the cross slide 24 to the first transfer position P2, so that the workpiece R held on the chuck 42 of the main shaft 41 has an axis R2 on the chuck 42a side. Is inserted into the chuck 42a of the spindle 41a of the second spindle head 300.

  In this state, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the second spindle head 300 side to close the chuck 42a and hold the workpiece W. Thereafter, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the first spindle head 100 side to open the chuck 42 and release the holding of the workpiece W. In this way, the workpiece W is transferred from the first spindle head 100 to the second spindle head 300.

  In this way, in the present embodiment, the first spindle head 100 has a first transfer angle position (work transfer rotation position) of −90 °, and the second spindle head 300 has a second transfer angle position (work transfer of work) of +90 degrees. The rotational position) is a position (eccentric position relationship) where the two spindle heads are shifted so as to be eccentric from each other. And by doing in this way, even when the both ends of the longitudinal direction of the workpiece | work W are in the position mutually eccentric, and it equips with mutually parallel axial centers R1 and R2, transfer of the workpiece | work W is performed easily. be able to.

  (6) As shown in FIG. 9, when the axial centers R3 and R4 of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece W intersect with each other at an intersection angle θ1, an NC device (illustrated) is provided to transfer the workpiece W. No) may be controlled as follows, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the workpiece W is transferred, on the second spindle head 300 side, the NC device controls the servo motor 27a so that the cross slide 24a is positioned at the second receiving position P3. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed in the present embodiment that the end portion having the axis R3 is gripped by the chuck 42.

  In this state, the NC device controls the servo motor 33a to arrange the saddle 30a so that the saddle standby position of the saddle 30 is lower than the saddle standby position. In this case, the saddle standby position of the saddle 30a is the second position when the crossing angle θ1 and the chuck 42a hold the end of the workpiece W when the axis R3 of one end of the workpiece W is held horizontally. Based on the positional relationship of the spindle head 300 and the specifications of each member, it is calculated in advance when creating a machining program. In addition, it is assumed that an angular position of a second delivery angle position to be described later is obtained in the same manner.

  The NC device controls the servo motor 45a to place the second spindle head 300 at the second index angle position. In this case, the NC device controls a spindle motor (not shown) to stop the rotation of the spindle 41a of the second spindle head 300.

Further, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder (not shown) on the second spindle head 300 side to open the chuck 42a so that the workpiece W can be held.
The NC device controls the servo motor 33 to position the saddle 30 at the saddle standby position. Thereafter, the NC device controls the servo motor 45 to position the first spindle head 100 at the first index angle position (rotation of −90 °). Further, the NC device controls the turning angle indexing of a spindle motor (not shown) so that the spindle 41 of the first spindle head 100 faces the axis R4 of the workpiece W downward with respect to the axis R3. Stop.

  Thereafter, the NC device controls the servo motor 27 to move the cross slide 24 to the first transfer position P2, so that the workpiece W held by the chuck 42 of the main shaft 41 has a shaft center on the chuck 42a side. The end having R4 is placed in the chuck 42a of the main shaft 41a of the second main spindle head 300.

  In this state, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the second spindle head 300 side to close the chuck 42a and hold the workpiece W. Thereafter, the NC device controls the chuck cylinder on the first spindle head 100 side to open the chuck 42 and release the holding of the workpiece W. In this way, the workpiece W is transferred from the first spindle head 100 to the second spindle head 300.

  In the present embodiment, when the workpiece W is transferred, the first spindle head 100 is positioned at the first transfer angle position (work transfer rotation position), and the second spindle head 300 is set at the second transfer angle position (work transfer rotation position). When positioned, the extension lines of the axes O1 and O2 of the main shafts 41 and 41a intersect each other.

As a result, it is possible to easily exchange workpieces W having different axial centers R3 and R4 at both ends in the longitudinal direction and in which both axial centers R3 and R4 intersect each other .

The schematic front view of the lathe of the reference example 1. FIG. The side sectional view of a lathe. The schematic explanatory drawing which similarly shows an effect | action. The schematic explanatory drawing which similarly shows an effect | action. The schematic explanatory drawing which similarly shows an effect | action. The schematic explanatory drawing which similarly shows an effect | action. Explanatory drawing of other embodiment. Explanatory drawing of other embodiment. Explanatory drawing of other embodiment. The schematic front view of the lathe of the reference example 2. FIG. The schematic front view of the lathe of the reference example 3. FIG. The schematic front view of the lathe of the reference example 4. FIG. The side sectional view of a lathe. Explanatory drawing of the example of the combination of a lathe. Explanatory drawing of the example of the combination of a lathe. The schematic front view of the lathe of one Embodiment. A side view of the lathe. The explanatory drawing which similarly arranged the lathe.

Explanation of symbols

M1 ... 1st movement drive mechanism M1a ... 1st movement drive mechanism M2 ... 2nd movement drive mechanism M2a ... 2nd movement drive mechanism M3 ... Rotation drive mechanism M3a ... Rotation drive mechanism 10 ... Lathe (vertical machine tool)
24 ... cross slide 24a ... cross slide 30 ... saddle 30a ... saddle 100 ... first spindle head (spindle head)
200: First machining tool device 220: First machining tool (machining tool)
220a ... second machining tool 300 ... second spindle head (spindle head)
400 ... 2nd processing tool apparatus

Claims (5)

A machining unit in which a spindle head that rotatably supports a spindle about its axis and a machining tool device for mounting a machining tool for machining a workpiece attached to the spindle of the spindle head are arranged vertically. With
The spindle head is
A first movement drive mechanism for moving the spindle head in a vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction (hereinafter, a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction is referred to as a Z-axis direction); Rotation for determining the rotational position of the spindle head in a plane including the second movement drive mechanism that moves in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the direction, and the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. A vertical machine tool comprising: a drive mechanism; and a moving drive mechanism for moving the spindle head in a Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction in order to transfer the workpiece.   The rotation drive mechanism for each machining work unit is capable of indexing at least a workpiece transfer rotation position for transferring a workpiece and a rotation position at which machining is performed by the machining tool. The vertical machine tool according to 1.   3. The vertical work according to claim 1, wherein the rotational position at which the machining tool is processed is a rotational position in which the main axis is inclined with respect to the Z-axis direction in the plane. machine.   A machining unit in which a spindle head that rotatably supports a spindle about its axis and a machining tool device for mounting a machining tool for machining a workpiece attached to the spindle of the spindle head are arranged vertically. With
  The spindle head is
  A first movement drive mechanism for moving the spindle head in a vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction (hereinafter, a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction or a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction is referred to as a Z-axis direction); Rotation for determining the rotational position of the spindle head in a plane including the second movement drive mechanism that moves in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the direction, and the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. With a drive mechanism,
  A moving drive mechanism for moving the spindle head in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction in order to transfer the workpiece;
  A combination of vertical machine tools, wherein a plurality of vertical machine tools having the machining unit are arranged side by side, and the workpiece can be transferred between the spindles of the machining machine units of adjacent vertical machine tools. .   The rotation drive mechanism for each machining work unit is characterized in that at least a workpiece transfer rotation position for transferring a workpiece and a rotation position at which the workpiece is processed by the processing tool can be indexed. A combination of vertical machine tools according to claim 4.

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