JP4391480B2 - Control device for electric motor for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a rotor position detector circuit (24) e.g. resolver, detecting a position of a rotor (1F) e.g. field magnet, and a direct current-alternating current converter (2) arranged to input/output current in/from a synchronous triphase motor generator. The converter has an arithmetic unit (21) calculating a restarting angle of excitation on a phase of a stator (1A) e.g. armature, based on a voltage at terminals. A direct current supply source (3) e.g. battery, supplies the phase with the voltage having rectangular waves such that voltage is higher than a preset voltage.

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device for a vehicle motor controlled by a DC / AC converter.

  For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-320661, the PWM control method for limiting the maximum value of the current flowing through the motor generator is abolished, and the current conduction angle and the phase advance angle for operating the motor generator in the DC / AC converter are controlled. Therefore, it is proposed to reduce the maximum current capacity and the maximum allowable loss of the MOS transistor, reduce the cost of the MOS transistor and the control circuit, and provide an inexpensive control device for the three-phase motor generator. For this purpose, a control device for a motor generator for a vehicle is interposed between an armature winding of the motor generator for a vehicle and a DC power supply, and supplies alternating current to the armature winding by intermittent switching means. In the converter, there are two energization methods: a 180 degree conduction angle control system that drives the switching means with an electrical angle of about 180 degrees and a 120 degree conduction angle control system that drives with an electrical angle of about 120 degrees, and switching at startup Current estimation means for estimating the current flowing in the means, and during the starting operation by the motor generator, when the current estimation means estimates that the current flows larger than a predetermined value, the 120-degree conduction angle control method is selected and the current is predetermined. When it is estimated that the flow will be smaller than the value, the 180-degree conduction angle control method is selected.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2004-320661 (FIG. 1 and description thereof)

Here, it is known that the internal resistance of a 12V lead battery conventionally used as a DC power source increases when the temperature is low or when the battery is deteriorated. In the above conventional technology, since the voltage of the DC power supply is not taken into consideration, when the internal resistance increases due to the state of the DC power supply, etc., the battery terminal voltage is lowered, and the control circuit of the DC / AC converter stops. There is a problem.
In the method of estimating the current, the actual current varies depending on the battery state.
There is a problem that other electric devices such as a radio and a car navigation system are stopped due to a voltage drop of the DC power source and are restarted every time an idle stop is performed.
In order to prevent the above problem, another DC power supply can be used in parallel. However, the addition of the DC power supply increases the vehicle cost and the weight.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to start the engine with certainty.

A control device for a vehicle motor according to the present invention is a control device for a vehicle motor that controls energization of the vehicle motor by a DC / AC converter, and is a DC terminal voltage or a DC power supply terminal voltage input from a battery to the DC / AC converter. When the phase is larger than a predetermined voltage, a rectangular wave voltage having a large voltage utilization rate is applied to each phase of the stator, and the DC terminal voltage or the DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter is a predetermined voltage. If it becomes a voltage below a control device for a vehicular electric motor that to ensure the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC-AC converter to reduce the direct current is switched to a small square-wave voltage energization control with voltage utilization factor.

The present invention relates to a control apparatus for a vehicle motor that controls energization of a vehicle motor with a DC / AC converter, and when the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter is larger than a predetermined voltage. When a rectangular wave voltage with a large energization angle width is applied to each phase of the stator and the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter falls below a predetermined voltage Runode to ensure to reduce the direct current is switched to a small square-wave voltage energization control of the rate of voltage use the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC-AC converter, there is an effect that can be reliably start the engine.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit diagram of a wound field type salient pole generator motor and a DC / AC converter, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a rotor position and a 180 ° rectangular wave conduction voltage waveform, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the rotor position and a 120 ° rectangular wave energization voltage waveform, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an electric circuit when the rectangular wave is energized, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the temperature dependence of resistance. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol shows the same part.

FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a wound field type salient pole generator motor 1, a DC / AC converter 2 that inputs and outputs current thereto, a DC power source 3 such as a battery, and a smoothing capacitor 4.

  A wound field type salient pole generator motor 1 includes a stator (usually an armature) 1A having a Y-connection winding, a rotor (usually a field) 1F having a winding, and a rotor position. And a detection device 1RPS.

  The DC / AC converter 2 includes an arithmetic device 21, a three-phase gate driver 22, a field gate driver 23, and a rotor position detection circuit 24.

  The arithmetic unit 21 calculates the energization start angle of each phase of the stator based on the voltage between the PNs, which is the input voltage of the DC / AC converter 2, and the rotational speed of the generator motor calculated from the rotor position detection circuit signal. Send a signal to the driver. The three-phase gate driver applies a voltage to the UVW pin and allows a three-phase current to flow by turning on and off the switch element (here MOS FET) of the three-phase upper and lower arms.

  FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a motor for starting an engine and a DC / AC converter for inputting current thereto. The arithmetic unit detects the PN voltage that is the input voltage of the DC / AC converter, and when it falls below a predetermined value, switches the control with a high voltage utilization rate to the control with a low voltage utilization rate, and sends a signal to the three-phase gate driver. The three-phase gate driver applies a voltage to the UVW pin and allows a three-phase current to flow by turning on and off the switch element (here MOS FET) of the three-phase upper and lower arms. In the figure, a winding field type electric motor is shown, but a permanent magnet type electric motor may be used.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of the rotor position, the DC / AC converter phase voltage, and the line voltage when the 180 ° rectangular wave is energized. Here, δ is a U-phase energization start angle (relative angle with respect to the rotor position).

  FIG. 3 shows an example of the rotor position, DC / AC converter phase voltage, and line voltage when a 120 ° rectangular wave is energized. Here, δ is a U-phase energization start angle (relative angle with respect to the rotor position).

ここで、Ｖbo：バッテリ等の直流電源の端子電圧
Rb：バッテリ等の直流電源の内部抵抗
Rdc：ＤＣラインの抵抗
Ｒinv：インバータの各アームの抵抗
Rac：ＡＣラインの抵抗
Rst：電動機１の固定子の各相の抵抗である。 FIG. 4 shows an energization circuit when energizing a 180 ° rectangular wave. In the figure, the area surrounded by a dotted line as the inverter is the drive system that energizes the 180 ° section. As shown in Fig. 2, either the upper arm or the lower arm is turned on in each phase (three phases in the figure). Since the other is OFF, on the left side (AC circuit) from the position indicated by V _dc in the figure, the two phases form a parallel circuit in any operating state. Therefore, the DC line current I _{dc0 at} the speed 0 is expressed by the following formula (Formula 1).

Where Vbo: terminal voltage of a DC power source such as a battery
Rb: Internal resistance of DC power supply such as battery
Rdc: DC line resistance
Rinv: Resistance of each arm of the inverter
Rac: AC line resistance
Rst: resistance of each phase of the stator of the electric motor 1.

As shown in Fig. 3, in the case of a drive system that energizes 120 °, both the upper and lower arms of one phase are OFF in the three phases, and either the upper arm or the lower arm is ON in the remaining two phases. _Therefore , similarly, the DC line current I _dc0 at the speed 0 is expressed by the following expression (Expression 2).

The DC power supply (battery) terminal voltage is expressed by the following equation (Equation 3).

なお、図４において、発電電動機（MG）の固定子巻線はＹ結線であるが、Δ結線の場合は等価Ｙ結線として考えるものとし、通常の周知のデルタ／スター変換式を使うものとする。また、R_dcはプラス側とマイナス側の配分は1/2でなくても良い The input voltage of the DC / AC converter is expressed by the following equation (Equation 4).

In FIG. 4, the stator winding of the generator motor (MG) is Y-connected, but in the case of Δ connection, it is considered as equivalent Y-connection, and the usual well-known delta / star conversion formula is used. . Also, R _dc does not have to be a 1/2 distribution between the plus and minus sides

FIG. 5 shows the temperature characteristics of the resistance value of each part. For example, if the resistance value shown in Fig. 5 is applied to equations (1) and (3),

Here, assuming that the power supply of the control circuit of the DC / AC converter is taken from the DC power supply and the minimum operating voltage is 6V, the operation is performed because _Vb is 8.4V. However, when the resistance value at -30 ° C is applied to equations (1) and (3),

  Therefore, since it is below the minimum operating voltage, it will not operate. At this time, if the threshold value of the power supply voltage is set to 8V, and the DC power supply voltage is 8V or less and switched to 120 ° rectangular wave energization, the resistance value of −30 ° C. in FIG. Apply

  Therefore, it can operate so as not to fall below the minimum operating voltage.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment, the rotational speed was zero. However, when the engine starts at the initial stage without being locked when the engine is started, since the current is in a transient state, the voltage is also lowered to the lowest voltage at zero rotation. There may not be. When rotation starts, the armature reaction voltage can be changed by shifting the phase of the energization start angle. Therefore, the voltage can be increased by shifting the phase. FIG. 6 shows the characteristics of the torque and the input voltage of the DC / AC converter when the U-phase energization start angle of the DC / AC converter when the 180 ° rectangular wave is energized is changed. It can be seen that delaying the U-phase energization start phase angle decreases the torque but increases the voltage. Here, the U-phase energization start angle δ is for increasing the energization start (advance angle) in the increasing direction. The V phase and W phase are energized with a 120 ° and 240 ° delay from the U phase, respectively.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. As in the second embodiment, when the motor starts rotating, the input voltage of the DC / AC converter can be increased by changing the winding field type field current. FIG. 7 shows the characteristics of torque and DC / AC converter input voltage when the field current is changed.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12 show energization waveforms when the Hall IC switch is used. FIG. 11 shows the position sensor waveform and each phase rectangular wave voltage waveform by the Hall IC switch when the rotation speed is near zero. FIG. The position sensor waveform by the Hall IC switch and the phase square wave voltage waveform when the speed is increased are shown.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the first embodiment of the present invention, showing an example of comparison of torque characteristics between PWM sine wave driving and rectangular wave driving, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of comparison of PN terminal voltage characteristics between PWM sine wave driving and rectangular wave driving, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a voltage utilization factor.

  The main points described in the first to seventh embodiments of the present invention and the main points not described in the first to seventh embodiments of the present invention are as follows.

1. In a vehicular motor control apparatus that controls energization of a vehicular motor with a DC / AC converter, each phase of the stator is steady when the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter is larger than a predetermined voltage. When a rectangular wave voltage with a large energization angle width is energized to the DC terminal voltage or the DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter, the voltage utilization ratio is reduced. A control device for an electric motor for a vehicle, wherein the control is switched to small rectangular wave voltage energization control. In a DC / AC converter that controls an electric motor for starting an engine of a vehicle using a battery with an open voltage of approximately 12V, the phase voltage is controlled by energizing a rectangular wave voltage with an energization angle width that normally has a large voltage utilization rate. When the DC terminal voltage or the DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter becomes a predetermined voltage or lower, switching to rectangular wave voltage energization control with a small voltage utilization factor is performed. This produces the following effects.
(1) When the maximum torque is controlled, the DC current becomes smaller when the voltage utilization rate is smaller. Therefore, the voltage drop due to the battery internal resistance and the wiring resistance can be reduced, and the control unit of the DC / AC converter Since the terminal voltage input to the terminal becomes larger and the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC / AC converter can be secured, the operation can be continued and the engine can be started reliably.
(2) When restarting after an idle stop, the battery voltage does not drop below a predetermined value, so the radio and navigation system do not stop and are comfortable.

2. In a vehicular motor control apparatus that controls energization of a vehicular motor using a DC / AC converter, the energization start angle is controlled so that a maximum torque is output for each phase phase voltage of the stator. When the direct current terminal voltage or direct current power supply terminal voltage input to the voltage becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, the energization start angle is shifted in a direction to increase the direct current voltage. In a DC / AC converter that controls a motor for starting an engine of a vehicle using a battery with an open voltage of approximately 12V, the energization start angle is controlled so that a maximum torque is output for the phase voltage. The energization start angle is shifted so as to increase the DC voltage when the DC terminal voltage or the DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter becomes a predetermined voltage or lower. This produces the following effects.
(1) Since the DC current is reduced by shifting the energization start phase angle, the voltage drop due to the battery internal resistance and the wiring resistance can be reduced, and the terminal voltage input to the controller of the DC AC converter is increased. Since the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC / AC converter can be secured, the operation can be continued and the engine can be started reliably.
(2) When restarting after an idle stop, the battery voltage does not drop below a predetermined value, so the radio and navigation system do not stop and are comfortable.

3. In a vehicular motor control apparatus that controls energization of a vehicular motor with a DC / AC converter, each phase of the stator is steady when the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter is larger than a predetermined voltage. When a rectangular wave voltage with a large energization angle width is applied to the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter, the field current is reduced. A control device for an electric motor for a vehicle characterized by being changed. In a DC / AC converter that controls a wound-field motor for starting an engine of a vehicle using a battery with an open voltage of approximately 12V, the phase voltage is a rectangle with a normal energization angle width with a large voltage utilization factor. The field current is changed when the DC terminal voltage or the DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage. This produces the following effects.
(1) Since the DC current can be reduced by changing the field current, the voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the battery and the resistance of the wiring can be reduced, and the terminal voltage input to the control unit of the DC / AC converter increases. Since the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC / AC converter can be secured, the operation can be continued and the engine can be started reliably.
(2) When restarting after an idle stop, the battery voltage does not drop below a predetermined value, so the radio and navigation system do not stop and are comfortable.

4). 4. The vehicle motor control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the initial phase voltage energization width is 180 °. This produces the following effects.
(1) The maximum voltage can be utilized by energizing the 180 ° rectangular wave, and the torque can be improved, so that the engine can be started quickly.

5. 2. The vehicle motor control device according to claim 1, wherein the initial phase voltage energization width is 180 ° and the phase voltage energization width after switching is 120 °. . This produces the following effects.
(1) Since 180 ° and 120 ° rectangular wave energization is relatively simple, the control becomes simple and the system cost decreases.

6). 3. The vehicle motor control device according to claim 2, wherein the energization start angle is shifted by 60 degrees. This produces the following effects.
(1) If switching is performed every 60 °, the rotation sensor can be a Hall switch type, so that the cost is reduced and the system cost is reduced.

7). 6. The vehicle motor control device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor position detecting means is a resolver. This produces the following effects.
(1) Since it is a resolver, the position can be detected with high accuracy, the resolution of the energization start angle is improved and the phase can be finely controlled, so that the voltage can be maintained while improving the characteristics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the circuit diagram of a winding field type salient pole type generator motor and a DC / AC converter. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of a rotor position and a 180 degrees rectangular wave energization voltage waveform. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of a rotor position and a 120 degrees rectangular wave energization voltage waveform. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the electric circuit at the time of rectangular wave energization. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows an example by the temperature dependence of resistance. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 2 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the characteristic with respect to the energization start angle shift of a torque and a DC / AC converter input voltage. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 3 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the characteristic with respect to the field current of a torque and a DC / AC converter input voltage. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of a torque characteristic comparison of PWM sine wave drive and rectangular wave drive. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the PN terminal voltage characteristic comparison of a PWM sine wave drive and a rectangular wave drive. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the waveform and voltage utilization factor of PWM sine wave energization and rectangular wave energization. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 4 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the position sensor waveform by a Hall IC switch in the rotation speed vicinity of zero, and each phase rectangular wave voltage waveform. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 4 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the example of the position sensor waveform by a Hall IC switch when a rotational speed rises, and each phase rectangular wave voltage waveform.

Explanation of symbols

1 winding field salient pole generator motor,
1A stator (usually armature),
1F rotor (usually field),
1RPS rotor position detector,
2 DC / AC converter,
21 arithmetic unit,
22 3-phase gate driver,
23 Field gate driver,
24 rotor position detection circuit,
3 DC power supply,
4 Smoothing capacitor,
5 Shunt resistance,
6 Field switch element.

Claims (7)

In a vehicular motor control apparatus that controls energization of a vehicular motor with a DC / AC converter, each phase of the stator is steady when the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter is larger than a predetermined voltage. When a rectangular wave voltage with a large energization angle width is energized to the DC terminal voltage or the DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter, the voltage utilization ratio is reduced. control device of a small square-wave voltage is switched to the energization control to reduce the DC current vehicle motor according to claim placed on maintaining the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC-AC converter. In a vehicular motor control apparatus that controls energization of a vehicular motor using a DC / AC converter, the energization start angle is controlled so that a maximum torque is output for each phase phase voltage of the stator. DC terminal voltage or a DC power source terminal voltage is input to the control circuit of the DC-AC converter to reduce the direct current offset is power distribution start angle in the direction of increasing the DC voltage when it becomes less than a predetermined voltage a control device for a vehicle electric motor, characterized in placed on maintaining the operating voltage. In a vehicular motor control apparatus that controls energization of a vehicular motor with a DC / AC converter, each phase of the stator is steady when the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter is larger than a predetermined voltage. When a rectangular wave voltage with a large energization angle width is applied to the DC terminal voltage or DC power supply terminal voltage input from the battery to the DC / AC converter, the field current is reduced. a control device for a vehicle electric motor, characterized in placed on maintaining the operating voltage of the control circuit of the DC-AC converter to reduce the direct current is varied.   4. The vehicle motor control device according to claim 1, wherein the initial phase voltage energization width is 180 degrees.   2. The vehicle motor control device according to claim 1, wherein the initial phase voltage conduction width is 180 ° and the phase voltage conduction width after switching is 120 °. .   3. The control apparatus for a vehicle motor according to claim 2, wherein the energization start angle is shifted by 60 degrees. 6. The control apparatus for a vehicle motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor position detecting means is a resolver.

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