JP4388914B2 - Power transmission fluid with improved extreme pressure and wear resistance - Google Patents

Description

Cross-reference of related applications

  This application claims priority based on US Provisional Application No. 60 / 591,722, filed July 28, 2004.

  The present invention relates to fluids having improved properties, particularly for extreme pressure and antiwear applications, and fluids disclosed herein include fluids suitable for use in power transmission applications, for example.

  New and improved transmission systems have been developed in the automotive industry. Many of these new systems are energy intensive and component protection technologies need to be developed to meet the increased energy consumption for these improved systems.

  In relatively new automatic and manual transmissions such as stepped automatic transmissions, continuous continuously variable transmissions, and manual or automated manual transmissions, very high pressures are applied between metals. High pressure is also applied to various gear drive parts such as automobile differentials and gear drive parts of power transmission devices. The presence of such high pressures on transmissions and gear-driven components can be used under extreme pressure conditions as described above to prevent wear and seizure of the components used in these systems by rotating and contacting the lubricant. Means that it must be suitable for. Therefore, there remains a need for an additive that reduces wear and prevents seizure under high extreme pressure operating conditions.

  Commercially especially extreme pressure agents, antiwear agents, antioxidant systems, corrosion prevention systems, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, friction modifiers, dispersants, detergents, antifoam agents, and viscosity index improvers It is known to add various additive packages containing selenium to a transmission fluid for an automatic transmission. However, not all additives function as expected or fully in the presence of other additives.

  The present invention includes a sulfurized fatty oil in an amount sufficient to donate at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid and a dialkyl thiadiazole in an amount sufficient to donate at least about 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid. And improve the extreme pressure and wear resistance of the fluid. The extreme pressure and wear resistance of fluids containing both sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole components at the concentration levels that provide each amount of sulfur to the fluid is greatly improved.

  In one embodiment, the fluid has an amount of sulfurized fatty oil sufficient to donate about 1,000 to about 2,500 ppm, particularly about 1,300 to about 2,100 ppm of sulfur to the fluid, and about 500 to about It contains a sufficient amount of dialkyl thiadiazole to donate 1,800 ppm, especially about 550 to about 1,500 ppm of sulfur to the fluid.

  In order to introduce sulfur at the above lower concentration level, the sulfurized fatty oil is about 0.5 to about 5.0% by weight and the dialkyl thiadiazole is about 0.15 to about 5.0% by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition. It may be present at 3.0% by weight. In a more specific embodiment, the sulfurized fatty oil used in the above amount is a sulfurized transesterified triglyceride and the dialkyl thiadiazole used in the above amount is 2,5-bis (hydrocarbyl dithiol). ) -1,3,4-thiadiazole or a derivative thereof.

  In another embodiment, the fluid has a large amount of base oil and a failure load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. measured according to ASTM D-3233 Falex EP test of about 1,750 pounds or more. Contains a small amount of an additive composition containing the respective amounts of (A) sulfurized fatty oil and (B) dialkyl thiadiazole effective to obtain a transmission fluid for a transmission. The transmission fluid for a transmission in which only the content of either component (A) or component (B) follows the above-mentioned minimum supply amount of sulfur does not satisfy the above-mentioned criteria for fail load performance.

  In another embodiment, the additive provides an amount of (A) a sulfurized fatty oil sufficient to donate at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid composition, and at least about 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid composition. A sufficient amount of (B) dialkyl thiadiazole.

  In another embodiment, the additive composition provides a transmission fluid having a fail load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. of about 1,750 pounds or more as measured according to the ASTM D-3233 Falex EP test. It contains both amounts of (A) sulfurized fatty oil and (B) dialkyl thiadiazole effective in

  In another embodiment, a method for improving the extreme pressure and / or wear characteristics of a power transmission device is sufficient to provide 1) (a) a base oil and (b) at least 1,000 ppm of sulfur to a fluid. A fluid containing an amount of sulfurized fatty oil and an additive package containing an amount of dialkyl thiadiazole sufficient to donate at least 500 ppm of sulfur to the fluid; 2) placing the fluid in the power transmission The extreme pressure property and / or the wear property are improved as compared with the case where the fluid is not used.

  In another embodiment, a method for extending the useful life of a transmission comprises: (a) a base oil and (b) a sulfurized fatty oil in an amount sufficient to donate at least 1,000 ppm of sulfur to the fluid; and at least 500 ppm. A fluid comprising an additive package containing a sufficient amount of a dialkyl thiadiazole to donate a sufficient amount of sulfur to the fluid, wherein the transmission has a useful life when the fluid is not used. Compared to

  The additive composition with improved extreme pressure and wear resistance according to embodiments of the present invention can be advantageously used in various applications, such as transmission fluid for automatic transmission, transmission fluid for manual transmission, dual clutch transmission. It can be used for a transmission fluid for a continuous transmission, a transmission fluid for a continuously variable transmission, and a gear lubricant.

  The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to further illustrate the claimed invention.

  In order for vehicles to meet strict consumer demands, durability and performance are required in all vehicle systems. One of the most important systems is a power transmission system ("transmission") that transmits the power generated by the car engine to the wheels. The power transmission system is one of the most complex systems in a vehicle and is the most expensive system to determine the cause of a failure, repair it, or replace it. A transmission typically includes a clutch with a clutch plate, a torque converter, and a plurality of gears that change the gear ratio and change the power transmitted to the wheels.

  Discerning consumers first want high performance, low maintenance (long mileage to the next maintenance), and long life expectancy. However, with the advent of new transmission technology, the old standards of performance that were previously approved have now become questionable.

  In addition to vehicles equipped with continuous continuously variable transmissions (CVT), with the advent of electronically controlled converter clutch (ECCC) specifications and advancements in aerodynamic vehicle body design, it is generally relatively small to operate at high energy density and high operating temperature. A passenger car equipped with a gearbox has appeared. These changes have led lubricant suppliers to formulate transmission fluids for automatic transmissions that have new and unique performance and characteristics such as high torque and friction durability. For Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), automatic transmission fluids that have sufficient friction resistance while having friction performance that can meet ECCC, CVT, and other design requirements are desirable.

  Since power transmission fluids are required to be used under more severe conditions, fluids that lubricate these transmissions are ideally formulated to withstand high temperatures and high pressures. To reduce equipment problems and increase transmission lubricant replacement life, oil additive packages are ideally formulated so that the critical properties of the oil change little despite these harsh conditions of use. To.

  An important property of power transmission fluid is extreme pressure. If the lubricant used in the system is not formulated to provide sufficient extreme pressure resistance, transmission parts and gear drives may be caused by the high pressure caused by metal-to-metal contact that occurs in relatively new automobile transmissions and gear drives. Will be damaged. Such damage can be, for example, simple wear (scoring, trenching or grooving), micropitching, pitching, welding, or spalling. It can occur as (sparling). Any of these phenomena may cause a reduction in transmission performance and damage to important parts of the transmission.

  There is a need for an effective method of overcoming the wear problems associated with automatic transmissions, such as meeting the demands of OEM automotive designers and suppliers on extending the life and durability of transmission fluids for transmissions.

  The present invention overcomes the problems of resistance and wear resistance (extreme pressure) by supplying a transmission fluid for an automatic transmission that exhibits good extreme pressure and wear resistance during its lifetime.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention, a power transmission fluid having extremely improved extreme pressure properties and wear resistance is provided. To obtain this improved performance, in one embodiment, the power transmission fluid has a sufficient amount of sulfurized fatty oil to provide at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid, and at least about 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid. Contains a sufficient amount of dialkyl thiadiazole to donate. In another embodiment, the power transmission fluid has an amount of sulfurized fatty oil sufficient to donate about 1,000 to about 2,500 ppm, particularly about 1,300 ppm to about 2,100 ppm of sulfur to the fluid, and about It contains a sufficient amount of dialkyl thiadiazole to donate 500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, especially about 550 ppm to about 1,500 ppm of sulfur to the fluid. In yet another embodiment, in addition to adding the sulfur sulfur and dialkyl thiadiazole components as described herein, sulfur sulfur oil and dialkyl thiadiazole are added to the transfer fluid by sulfur fatty acid and dialkyl thiadiazole. The total amount is at least about 1,500 ppm, in particular at least about 2,500 ppm, more particularly at least about 3,000 ppm.

  In one embodiment, the fluid of the present invention is formulated with a transmission fluid for an automatic transmission having a fail load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. of about 1,750 pounds or greater as measured according to the ASTM D-3233 Falex EP test. Used to do. The Falex EP test method described in ASTM D-3233 is hereby incorporated by reference. There are several tests in the lubricant / automotive industry to evaluate the extreme pressure and wear resistance performance of transmission fluids for transmissions. One of the most rigorous of these tests is the Falex EP test, in which the oil cannot sufficiently lubricate the metal-to-metal contact between the rotating steel pin and the two V (Vee) blocks. taking measurement. Lubricant failure is indicated by poor torque maintenance or seizure of the block pins. Since this test is performed not only using a high load but also at a high oil temperature (an oil temperature condition of 150 ° C. is required depending on the specifications), it is a severe test. Even if oil has good evaluation results in several industrial wear tests, the Falex EP test often has poor evaluation results.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for improving extreme pressure and / or wear resistance in an automatic transmission is provided. The method comprises (1) a large amount of base oil and (2) a transmission fluid for an automatic transmission containing a small amount of an additive composition containing sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole as essential components in the usage ratio described in the present specification ( ATF) functions in addition to the automatic transmission. As used herein, “operate” includes, but is not limited to, all the functional uses of oil, such as power transmission, lubrication, and wetting.

  In the following description, an additive composition component may be described in terms of only one function, but that function may be one of the functions provided by the component, and the function is It should not be interpreted as an essential limited function.

In one embodiment, the power transmission fluid contains a large amount of base oil and a small amount of additive composition. The additive composition contains both sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole in amounts that improve extreme pressure and wear resistance.
Additive package
Component (A): The sulfurized fatty oil component (A) contains sulfurized fatty oil. In the present specification, “sulfurized fatty oil” means sulfurized fatty acid, sulfurized fatty acid ester, or a mixture thereof, and sulfurized fatty acid ester is particularly preferable. The sulfurized fatty oil can be derived from animals or plants. Suitable sulfurized fatty oils include, for example, sulfurized fatty acid esters containing about 10% sulfur and sulfurized sperm whale oil replacement containing about 10% sulfur.

  In one specific embodiment, suitable sulfurized fatty oils include sulfurized transesterified triglycerides as described in US Pat. No. 4,380,499. The US patent is hereby incorporated by reference herein. In one embodiment, the sulfurized transesterified triglyceride additive contains about 35 mol% or more saturated aliphatic acid and about 65 mol% or less unsaturated fatty acid in the total acid component. Here, the total acid component contains more than about 20 mol% monounsaturated fatty acid, less than about 15 mol% polyunsaturated fatty acid, and more than about 10 mol% saturated fatty acid having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. And more than about 20 mol% of saturated fatty acids and less than about 15 mol% of saturated fatty acids having 18 or more carbon atoms. Suitable sulfurized fatty oils also include those described in US Pat. No. 4,149,982, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Other suitable sulfurized fatty oils include, for example, sulfurized swine oil, sulfurized fatty acid compounds, sulfurized methyl esters, sulfurized hydrocarbons, sulfurized oleic acid, sulfurized fatty acid esters-polyalkanolamides, and sulfurized fatty acid-derived olefins. .
Component (B): Dialkylthiadiazole Component (B) comprises dialkylthiadiazole, including but not limited to ashless dialkylthiadiazole.

  Suitable dialkyl thiadiazoles for the practice of the present invention include those having the following general formula (I):

In the above formula, R ₁ and R ₂ are the same or different hydrocarbyl groups, and x and y are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. In one form, R ₁ and R ₂ are the same or different, linear, branched, aromatic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups, having from about 6 to about 18, especially from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms. Have. x and y are 0 or 1.

  Suitable dialkyl thiadiazoles include 2,5-bis (hydrocarbyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Other examples of suitable dialkyl thiadiazoles include 2,5-bis (hydrocarbylthio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2- (tert-hydrocarbyldithio) -5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles And bis-tert-dodecylthiothiadiazole.

  Suitable dialkyl thiadiazoles include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,719,125, 2,719,126, 3,087,932, 4,149,982, and 4,591. No. 645. The contents of these US patents are hereby incorporated by reference. Mixtures of dialkyl thiadiazoles having the structural formula (I) and monoalkyl thiadiazoles can also be used within the scope of the present invention.

In the present specification, the term “hydrocarbyl group” or “hydrocarbyl” is used in its ordinary sense well known to those skilled in the art. That is, these terms refer to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to a molecular residue and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include the following:
(1) Aliphatic (eg, alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic substitutions, aliphatic substitutions, alicyclic substituted aromatic substituents, and rings are molecules Hydrocarbon substituents such as cyclic substituents closed at other sites of (eg, two substituents form one alicyclic substituent);
(2) Substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, non-hydrocarbon substituents that do not change mainly having the properties of hydrocarbon substituents in the meaning of the present specification (eg, halogen atoms (especially chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms)) A substituent having a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a mercapto group, an alkyl mercapto group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, or a sulfoxy group;
(3) Hetero-substituents, that is, substituents mainly having hydrocarbon properties within the meaning of the present specification but having atoms other than carbon atoms in the cyclic structure or molecular chain, but otherwise mainly consisting of carbon atoms . Examples of the hetero atom include a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, and a nitrogen atom, and examples thereof include a substituent such as a pyridyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, and an imidazolyl group. Generally, there are no more than 2 non-hydrocarbon substituents for every 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group, more specifically no more than 1 and usually there are no non-hydrocarbon groups in the hydrocarbyl group.
Combined use of component (A) and component (B) in a large amount of base oil, and sulfurized fatty oil (component (A)) and dialkyl thiadiazole (component (B)) with respect to the total weight of the base oil and additive composition Power transmission fluids formulated to contain at least about 0.5 wt% and at least about 0.15 wt%, respectively, exhibit improved extreme pressure and wear resistance. In one embodiment, the transfer fluid composition comprises from about 0.7 to about 5.0%, especially from about 0.73 to about 3.0% by weight of sulfurized fatty oil, based on the total weight of the composition. More particularly from about 0.75 to about 3.0% by weight, dialkyl thiadiazole from about 0.15 to about 3.0% by weight, in particular from about 0.3 to about 1.0% by weight, more particularly from about 0. 35 to about 1.0% by weight.

In the case of a power transmission fluid in which only the content of either component (A) or (B) complies with the above-mentioned minimum sulfur donation amount, the fail load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. measured according to the Falex EP test of ASTM D-3233 A transmission fluid for which the transmission is about 1,750 pounds or more cannot be obtained as expected.
Other additive component power transmission fluids are conventionally used in transmission compositions and gear lubricants for automatic transmissions in addition to the co-additives described above that improve extreme pressure and wear resistance. Additives may also be included. Examples of such additives include, but are not limited to, metallic detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, copper corrosion inhibitors, rust preventive additives, antiwear additives, Antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, colorants, metal deactivators, and / or air expulsion additives.
Component (C): Metal-based detergent A certain type of metal-based detergent may be appropriately contained in the additive package or transmission fluid of the present invention. Suitable metal detergents include oil-soluble neutral or overbased salts of one or more of the following acidic substances (or mixtures thereof) with alkali or alkaline earth metals. Here, the acidic substance is characterized by (1) sulfonic acid, (2) carboxylic acid, (3) salicylic acid, (4) alkylphenol, (5) sulfurized alkylphenol, and (6) at least one carbon-phosphorus direct bond. Organic phosphorous acid. As such organic phosphorous acid, an olefin polymer (eg, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of about 1,000) is phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous heptasulfide, phosphorous pentasulfide, phosphorous trichloride and sulfur, yellow phosphorous and sulfur halide, or Examples thereof include those obtained by treating with a phosphorylating agent such as phosphorothioic acid chloride.

  Suitable salts include neutral or overbased salts of magnesium, calcium, or zinc. Specific examples of suitable salts include magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate, zinc sulfonate, magnesium phenate, calcium phenate, and / or zinc phenate. See US Pat. No. 6,482,778 for details.

  The oil-soluble neutral metal-containing detergent is a detergent containing a stoichiometric equivalent of metal with respect to the acid content in the detergent. Thus, in general, neutral detergents will have a lower basicity compared to overbased controls. Acidic materials used to prepare such detergents include carboxylic acids, salicylic acids, alkylphenols, sulfonic acids, sulfurized alkylphenols and the like.

  When the term “overbased” is used in connection with metallic detergents, it means a metal salt that has a stoichiometric amount of metal relative to the organic substituent. A commonly used method for preparing overbased salts is to use a mineral oil solution of acid in a stoichiometric excess of metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, or sulfides. Heat at about 50 ° C. with the compatibilizer and filter the resulting product. It is also known to use “accelerators” to promote uptake of a significant excess of metal, etc. in the neutralization stage. Examples of compounds useful as accelerators include phenolic materials such as phenol, naphthol, alkylphenol, thiophenol, sulfurized alkylphenol, and condensation products of formaldehyde and phenolic materials, methanol, 2-propanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, Examples include alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and cyclohexyl alcohol, and amines such as aniline, phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, and dodecylamine. A particularly effective method for preparing a basic salt is to mix an acid with an excess of a basic alkaline earth metal neutralizer and at least one alcohol accelerator, and the mixture at a high temperature of 60-200 ° C. Carbonate with.

  Suitable metal-containing detergents include, but are not limited to, neutral sodium sulfonate, superbasic sodium sodium sulfonate, sodium salicylate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate sulfonate, lithium sulfonate, carboxyl Lithium acid, lithium salicylate, lithium coalate, lithium sulfide lithium carbonate, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium carboxylate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfide carbonate, calcium sulfonate, calcium carboxylate, calcium salicylate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfide carbonate, sulfone Potassium acid, potassium carboxylate, potassium salicylate, potassium carboxylic acid, potassium sulfide carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid Neutral and overbased salts such as zinc, zinc carboxylate, zinc salicylate, zinc coalate, and sulfurized zinc carbonate. Further examples include hydrolyzed phosphosulfurized olefins having from about 10 to about 2,000 carbon atoms, or hydrolyzed phosphosulfurized alcohols and / or aliphatic substituted phenolic compounds having from about 10 to about 2,000 carbon atoms. Lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. By way of further example, the lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids and aliphatic substituted alicyclic carboxylic acids, and many other oil-soluble organic acids such as the alkali and alkaline earth metals listed above. Salt. Mixtures of neutral or overbased salts of two or more different alkali and / or alkaline earth metals can be used. Similarly, neutral and / or overbased salts of a mixture of two or more different acids can be used.

  As is well known, overbased metallic detergents are generally considered to contain inorganic bases in an amount that renders the detergent overbased, in the form of a microdispersion or colloidal suspension. Therefore, when the term “oil-soluble” is used with respect to metallic detergents, when the detergent is mixed with the base oil, it behaves as if the detergent is fully dissolved in the oil as a whole. As such, inorganic bases include metallic detergents that are not necessarily completely or truly oil soluble. In the present specification, various metal detergents may be collectively referred to as neutral, basic, or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing organic acid salts.

  The preparation of oil-soluble neutral and overbased metal-based detergents and alkaline earth metal-containing detergents is well known to those skilled in the art and is extensively described in the patent literature. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,001,108, 2,081,075, 2,095,538, 2,144,078, 2,163,622, No. 2,270,183, No. 2,292,205, No. 2,335,017, No. 2,399,877, No. 2,416,281, No. 2,451,345 No. 2,451,346, No. 2,485,861, No. 2,501,731, No. 2,501,732, No. 2,585,520, No. 2 , 671,758, 2,616,904, 2,616,905, 2,616,906, 2,616,911, 2,616,924 2,616,925, 2,617,049, 2,695,910, 3,178,368, 3,367,867, 3,496,105, 3,629,109, 3,865,737, 3,907,691 No. 4,100,085, No. 4,129,589, No. 4,137,184, No. 4,184,740, No. 4,212,752, No. 4 , 617,135, 4,647,387, and 4,880,550.

  If necessary, oil-soluble boronated neutral and / or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents can be used as the metal detergent used in the present invention. About the preparation method of a metal boride type detergent, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,480,548, 3,679,584, 3,829,381, 3,909,691, Nos. 4,965,003 and 4,965,004.

An effective amount of a metallic detergent is used to enhance the benefits of the present invention, which is typically in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.2% by weight in the final product fluid. As a more specific example, it is in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.1% by weight in the final product fluid.
Component (D): Dispersant Component (D) comprises at least one oil-soluble dispersant. Suitable dispersants include ashless dispersants such as succinimide dispersants, Mannich base dispersants, and polymeric polyamine dispersants. Hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agents are used to produce hydrocarbyl substituted succinimides. Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agents include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl-substituted halogenated succinic acids (particularly acid fluorides and acid chlorides), and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids And esters of lower alcohols (eg, those having 7 or less carbon atoms), that is, hydrocarbyl-substituted compounds that function as carboxylic acylating agents.

  Hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agents are produced by reacting polyolefins or chlorinated polyolefins with the appropriate molecular weight with maleic anhydride. Similar carboxylic acid reactants can be used to produce acylating agents. Such reactants include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, ethyl maleic anhydride, dimethyl Mention may be made of maleic anhydride, ethylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, hexylmaleic acid and the like, and halides and lower aliphatic esters of these acids.

  The molecular weight of the olefin varies depending on the use of the substituted succinic anhydride. Typically, the substituted succinic anhydride has a hydrocarbyl group having from about 8 to about 500 carbon atoms. However, substituted succinic anhydrides used to make lubricant dispersions typically have hydrocarbyl groups having from about 40 to about 500 carbon atoms. When using a high molecular weight substituted succinic anhydride, the olefins used to produce the substituted succinic anhydride are components of different molecular weight obtained by polymerizing low molecular weight olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, and isobutylene. Because it contains a mixture, it is more accurate to use the number average molecular weight (Mn).

  The molar ratio of maleic anhydride to olefin can vary widely. For example, from about 5: 1 to about 1: 5, or such as from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1. When an olefin such as polyisobutylene or ethylene-α-olefin copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 7,000, more specifically about 800 to about 3,000, is used, the stoichiometry A theoretical excess of maleic anhydride is used, for example from about 1.1 to about 3 moles of maleic anhydride per mole of olefin. Unreacted maleic anhydride can be evaporated from the resulting mixture of reaction products.

  Polyalkenyl succinic anhydride can be converted to polyalkyl succinic anhydride using conventional reducing conditions such as catalytic hydrogenation. A suitable catalyst for the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is a palladium on carbon catalyst. Similarly, polyalkenyl succinimides can be converted to polyalkyl succinimides under similar reducing conditions.

  The polyalkyl or polyalkenyl substituent of the succinic anhydride used in the present invention is generally a polyolefin or a polymer or copolymer of monoolefins, especially 1-monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene. Derived from. As the monoolefin to be used, those having about 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more specifically about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms can be used. Other suitable monoolefins include propylene, butylene, especially isobutylene, 1-octene, and 1-decene. Examples of polyolefins produced from such monoolefins include polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutene, and poly α-olefins produced from 1-octene and 1-decene.

  In some embodiments, the ashless dispersant comprises one or more amine alkenyl succinimides having at least one primary amino group capable of forming an imide group. Alkenyl succinimides can be produced by conventional methods such as heating alkenyl succinic acid, or anhydrides, acid-esters, acid halides, or lower alkyl esters with amines having at least one primary amino group. . Alkenyl succinic anhydride can be easily produced by heating a mixture of polyolefin and maleic anhydride to about 180-220 ° C. As the polyolefin, a polymer or copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 300 to about 3,000, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), obtained by polymerizing a lower monoolefin such as ethylene, propylene, and isobutene is used. it can.

  The amines used to produce the ashless dispersant have at least one primary amino group capable of reacting to form an imide group, and at least one primary or secondary amino group and / or hydroxyl group. As long as it has at least one, any may be sufficient. Representative examples include N-methyl-propanediamine, N-dodecylpropanediamine, N-aminopropyl-piperazine, ethanolamine, N-ethanol-ethylenediamine, and the like.

Suitable amines include alkylene polyamines such as propylene diamine, dipropylene triamine, di- (1,2-butylene) triamine, and tetra- (1,2-propylene) pentamine. Further examples include ethylene polyamines represented by the chemical formula H ₂ N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH) _n H. Here, n is an integer of about 1 to about 10 in the formula. Examples of such ethylene polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and the mixture of these compounds, where n is the average value of the mixture. Is also included. Since such ethylene polyamines have a primary amino group at each end, monoalkenyl succinimides and bis-alkenyl succinimides can be produced. Commercially available ethylene polyamine mixtures include branched and cyclic species such as N-aminoethylpiperazine, N, N′-bis (aminoethyl) piperazine, N, N′-bis (piperazinyl) ethane. May contain a small amount. Commercially available mixtures have compositions that generally range from diethylenetriamine to tetraethylenepentamine. The molar ratio of polyalkenyl succinic anhydride to polyalkylene polyamines is from about 1: 1 to about 3.0: 1.

  In some embodiments, the ashless dispersant may include a polyethylene polyamine such as triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine, a polyolefin having an appropriate molecular weight such as polyisobutene, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and the like. It is a reaction product of a hydrocarbon-substituted carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof formed by reacting an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof such as a mixture of two or more species.

  Suitable polyamines for preparing the dispersants described herein include N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, and N-phenyl-1,2-phenylene. N-arylphenylenediamines such as N-phenylphenylenediamines exemplified by diamines; aminothiazoles such as aminothiazole, aminobenzothiazole, aminobenzothiadiazole, and aminoalkylthiazole; aminocarbazoles; aminoindoles; amino Pyrroles; aminoindazolinones; aminomercaptotriazoles; aminoperimidines; aminoalkylimidazoles such as 1- (2-aminoethyl) imidazole and 1- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole; and 4- (3 -Amino Propyl) amino alkyl morpholines such as morpholine and the like. These polyamines are described in further detail in US Pat. Nos. 4,863,623 and 5,075,383. Such polyamines impart additional advantages such as abrasion resistance and antioxidant properties to the final product.

  In addition to the above polyamines, polyamines useful for producing hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, as taught in US Pat. Nos. 5,634,951 and 5,725,612, Polyamines having at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one tertiary amino group in the molecule can further be used. Examples of suitable polyamines include N, N, N ″, N ″ -tetraalkyldialkylenetriamines (having two terminal tertiary amino groups and one central secondary amino group), N, N, N′N ″ -tetraalkyltrialkylenetetramines (having one terminal tertiary amino group, two internal tertiary amino groups, and one terminal primary amino group), N, N, N ′, N ″, N ′ ″-pentaalkyltrialkylenetetramines (having one terminal tertiary amino group, two intramolecular tertiary amino groups, and one terminal secondary amino group), tris (dialkylamino) Alkyl) -aminoalkylmethanes (three terminal tertiary amino groups and one terminal primary amino group), and similar compounds thereof, wherein the alkyl groups are the same or different and each is about 12 More than And more particularly each may have from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, more specific examples of these alkyl groups include methyl and / or ethyl groups. Examples of this type of polyamine reactant include dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and N-methylpiperazine.

  Suitable hydroxyamines for the present invention include compounds, oligomers or polymers containing at least one primary or secondary amine group capable of reacting with a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride. Examples of hydroxyamines suitable for use in the present invention include aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA), aminopropyldiethanolamine (APDEA), ethanolamine, diethanolamine (DEA), partially propoxylated hexamethylenediamine (eg HMDA-2PO Or HMDA-3PO), 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol.

  The molar ratio of amine to hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride may range from about 1: 1 to about 3.0: 1. As another example, the molar ratio of amine to hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride may range from about 1.5: 1 to about 2.0: 1.

  The dispersants described above may be prepared, for example, by treating the dispersant with maleic anhydride and boric acid, for example, as described in Scattergood US Pat. No. 5,789,353, or, for example, US Pat. No. 5,137 by DeGonia et al. , 980, or a post-treatment dispersant such as treatment with nonylphenol, formaldehyde, or glycolic acid.

  A Mannich base dispersant is usually an alkylphenol having a long-chain alkyl substituent in a cyclic structure, one or more aliphatic aldehydes (especially formaldehyde and derivatives thereof) of about 1 to about 7 carbons, and polyamines (especially polyalkylenes). It may be a reaction product obtained by reacting polyamines). For example, Mannich base ashless dispersants are produced by condensing one mole of a long chain hydrocarbon-substituted phenol with about 1 to about 2.5 moles of formaldehyde and about 0.5 to about 2 moles of a polyalkylene polyamine. Is done.

  Hydrocarbon sources for the preparation of Mannich-based polyamine dispersants are derived from olefin polymers such as nearly saturated petroleum fractions and polymers of monoolefins having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon source generally has, for example, at least about 40 carbon atoms, and by way of example at least about 50 carbon atoms, so that the dispersant is substantially oil soluble. Olefin polymers having a number average molecular weight determined by GPC of about 600 to about 5,000 are preferred because of their ease of reaction and low cost. However, high molecular weight polymers can also be used. Particularly suitable hydrocarbon sources are isobutylene polymers and polymers made from a mixture of isobutene and raffinate 1 stream.

  As a preferred Mannich base dispersant, about 1 mole of a long chain hydrocarbon-substituted phenol is condensed with about 1 to about 2.5 moles of formaldehyde and about 0.5 to about 2 moles of a polyalkylene polyamine. A base ashless dispersant can be used.

  Polymeric polyamine dispersants suitable as ashless dispersants are polymers having basic amine groups and oil-solubilizing groups (eg, pendant alkyl groups having at least 8 carbon atoms). Such materials are exemplified by interpolymers formed from various monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether, or relatively high molecular weight olefins, and aminoalkyl acrylates or aminoalkyl acrylamides. Examples of polymeric polyamine dispersants are US Pat. Nos. 3,329,658, 3,449,250, 3,493,520, 3,519,565, Nos. 3,666,730, 3,687,849, and 3,702,300. Examples of the polymer polyamines include hydrocarbyl polyamines. Here, the hydrocarbyl group is composed of a polymerization product of isobutene and raffinate 1 as described above. PIB-amines and PIB-polyamines can also be used.

  Methods for producing the above ashless dispersants are well known to those skilled in the art and are reported in the patent literature. For example, the synthesis of various ashless dispersants of the type described above is described in the following literature. That is, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,459,112, 2,962,442, 2,984,550, 3,036,003, 3,163,603, 3,166,516, 3,172,892, 3,184,474, 3,202,678, 3,215,707, 3,216,936 No. 3,219,666, No. 3,236,770, No. 3,254,025, No. 3,271,310, No. 3,272,746, No. 3 No. 3,275,554, No. 3,281,357, No. 3,306,908, No. 3,311,558, No. 3,316,177, No. 3,331,776. 3,340,281, 3,341,542, 3,346,493, 3,351,552, 3,355,270, 3,368,972, 3,381,022, 3,399,141, 3,413, No. 347, No. 3,415,750; No. 3,433,744; No. 3,438,757; No. 3,442,808; No. 3,444,170; No. 3,448,047, No. 3,448,048, No. 3,448,049, No. 3,451,933, No. 3,454,497, No. 3,454, No. 555, No. 3,454,607, No. 3,459,661, No. 3,461,172, No. 3,467,668, No. 3,493,520, No. 3,501,405, 3,522,179, 3,539,633, 3,541 012, 3,542,680, 3,543,678, 3,558,743, 3,565,804, 3,567,637, 3,574,101, 3,576,743, 3,586,629, 3,591,598, 3,600,372, 3,630,904 No. 3,632,510, No. 3,632,511, No. 3,634,515, No. 3,649,229; No. 3,697,428, No. 3,697,574, 3,703,536, 3,704,308, 3,725,277, 3,725,441, 3,725,480 No., No. 3,726,882, No. 3,736,357, No. 3,751,365, No. No. 3,756,953, No. 3,793,202; No. 3,798,165, No. 3,798,247, No. 3,803,039, No. 3,804 763, 3,836,471, 3,862,981, 3,872,019, 3,904,595, 3,936,480, 3,948,800, 3,950,341, 3,957,746, 3,957,854, 3,957,855, 3,980, No. 569, No. 3,985,802, No. 3,991,098, No. 4,006,089, No. 4,011,380, No. 4,025,451, No. 4,058,468, 4,071,548, 4,083,699, 4,090, 54, 4,173,540, 4,234,435, 4,354,950, 4,485,023, 5,137,980, and the United States It is described in Reissue Patent No. 26,433. These documents are hereby incorporated by reference.

  An example of a suitable ashless dispersant is a borated dispersant. Boron dispersants are succinimide dispersants, succinamide dispersants, succinate ester dispersants, succinate ester-amide dispersants, Mannich base dispersants, hydrocarbyl amine dispersants or polyamine dispersants. It can be obtained by boronating an ashless dispersant having a basic nitrogen atom and / or at least one hydroxyl group in the molecule, such as an agent. Methods for boronating the above various ashless dispersants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,087,936, 3,254,025, 3,281,428, 3,282,955, 2,284,409, 2,284,410, 3,338,832, 3,344,069, 3,533,945, 3,658 No. 8,836, No. 3,703,536, No. 3,718,663, No. 4,455,243, and No. 4,652,387.

  As the borated dispersant, a high molecular weight dispersant treated with boron such that the borated dispersant contains about 2% by weight or less of boron can also be used. In another example, the borated dispersant contains up to about 0.8 wt% boron. By way of further example, the borated dispersant contains about 0.1 to about 0.7 weight percent boron. As yet another example, the borated dispersant contains about 0.25 to about 0.7 weight percent boron. By way of further example, the borated dispersant contains about 0.35 to about 0.7 weight percent boron. The dispersant may be dissolved in an oil having a suitable viscosity for ease of handling. Needless to say, the weight percentages given here are relative to the net dispersant without any diluent oil added.

  The dispersant may be further reacted with organic acids, anhydrides, and / or aldehyde / phenol mixtures. Such a process improves compatibility with, for example, an elastomer seal. Further examples of borated dispersants include mixtures of borated dispersants. Further examples include nitrogen-containing dispersants as boronated dispersants and / or no phosphorus.

The dispersant may be used in the range of about 0.1 to about 10% by weight in the power transmission liquid. Further, the power transmission fluid can contain about 2 to about 7 weight percent borated dispersant. Further, the power transmission fluid can contain about 3 to about 5 weight percent borated dispersant. Further, the power transmission fluid may contain sufficient borated dispersant to donate 1,900 ppm by weight or less of boron in the final product fluid, for example about 50 to about 500 ppm by weight in the final product fluid. it can.
Component (E): Antiwear agent In addition to improving extreme pressure and wear resistance by using components (A) and (B) as described in the present specification in a relatively high ratio in transmission fluid for transmission In addition, the wear resistance of the fluid of the final product can be further improved by appropriately adding an auxiliary antiwear agent. Auxiliary antiwear agents include phosphorus containing antiwear agents such as phosphoric acid, organic esters of phosphorous acid, or compounds containing their amine salts. For example, one or more dihydrocarbyl phosphites, trihydrocarbyl phosphites, dihydrocarbyl phosphates, trihydrocarbyl phosphates, their sulfur analogs, and their amine salts are used as phosphorus-containing antiwear agents. By way of further example, the phosphorus-containing antiwear agent contains at least one amine salt of dibutyl hydrogen phosphite and dibutyl hydrogen disulfite.

  The phosphorus-containing antiwear agent may be present in an amount sufficient to donate about 50 to about 500 ppm by weight of phosphorus in the power transmission fluid. By way of further example, the phosphorus-containing antiwear agent may be present in an amount sufficient to provide about 150 to about 300 ppm by weight phosphorus in the power transmission fluid.

The power transmission fluid may contain about 0.01 to about 1.0 weight percent phosphorus-containing antiwear agent. By way of further example, the power transmission fluid may contain about 0.2 to about 0.3 weight percent phosphorus-containing antiwear agent. By way of example, the power transmission fluid may comprise from about 0.1 to about 0.2 weight percent dibutyl hydrogen phosphite or from 0.3 to about 0.4 amine salt of sulfurized dibutyl hydrogen phosphate. You may contain weight%.
Component (F): Friction modifier A friction modifier is a transmission fluid for an automatic transmission to reduce friction between surfaces (eg, a clutch of a torque converter or a member of a shifting clutch) at a low sliding speed. Used inside. As a result, the friction-velocity (μ-v) curve has a positive slope, ie, smooth clutch engagement, minimizing “stick-slip” phenomena (eg, shudder noise and rough shifts). To.

  As friction modifiers, aliphatic amines, ethoxylated aliphatic amines, ether amines, alkoxylated ether amines, aliphatic fatty acid amides, acylated amines, aliphatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, Examples include polyol esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester-amides, imidazolines, tertiary amines, aliphatic phosphonates, aliphatic phosphates, aliphatic thiophosphonates, and aliphatic thiophosphates. Here, the aliphatic group usually has one or more carbon atoms so that the compound is preferably oil-soluble. By way of further example, an aliphatic group may have about 8 or more carbon atoms. Likewise preferred are aliphatic substituted succinimides obtained by reaction of one or more succinic acids or anhydrides with ammonia or primary amines.

The succinimide may comprise a reaction product of succinic anhydride and ammonia or a primary amine. The alkenyl group of the alkenyl succinic acid may be a short chain alkenyl group, for example, the alkenyl group may have from about 12 to about 36 carbon atoms. Furthermore, aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide about C _{12 ~} about C ₃₆ as succinimide it can also be mentioned. By way of further example, the succinimide may be an about C ₁₆ to about C ₂₈ aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide. As yet another example, the succinimide may be an about C ₁₈ to about C ₂₄ aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide.

  Succinimides may be formed from succinic anhydride and ammonia as described in European Patent Application No. 0 020 037. Here, this patent document is included in this specification by reference. Some embodiments do not include non-metallic friction modifiers other than the succinimides disclosed herein.

  The succinimide may contain one or more compounds having the following structural formula.

  In the above formula, examples of Z include the following structures.

In the above formula, either R ¹ or R ² may be a hydrogen atom, and R ¹ and R ² are each about 1 so that the total number of carbon atoms of R ¹ and R ² is about 11 to about 35 independently. A linear or branched hydrocarbon group having from about 34 carbon atoms. X is an amino group derived from ammonia or a primary amine.

  The succinic anhydride of the above core is formed by reacting maleic acid, maleic anhydride, or maleic ester with an internal olefin having about 12 to about 36 carbon atoms in addition to or as an alternative to the above method. May be. Here, the internal olefin is obtained by isomerizing an olefinic double bond of a linear α-olefin or a mixture thereof so as to obtain a mixture of internal olefins. The above reaction may use an equimolar amount of ammonia, or may be performed while removing moisture at a high temperature.

  As one type of friction modifier, N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent is at least one linear aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having no acetylenic unsaturation and having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms, N- Aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituted diethanolamines.

  By way of example, a suitable friction modifier system contains a combination of at least one N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted diethanolamine and at least one N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted trimethylenediamine, and N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituents. Is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having no acetylenic unsaturation and having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. A more detailed description of this friction modifier system is provided in US Pat. Nos. 5,372,735 and 5,441,656.

  Another friction modifier system is (i) an acyclic hydrocarbyl group in which the hydroxyalkyl groups are the same or different, each having from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms and the aliphatic group having from about 10 to about 25 carbon atoms. At least one di (hydroxyalkyl) aliphatic tertiary amine, and (ii) the hydroxyalkyl group has from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, and the aliphatic group has from about 10 to about 25 carbon atoms. It is based on the combined use with at least one hydroxyalkyl aliphatic imidazoline, which is an acyclic hydrocarbyl group. For further details of this friction modifier system, reference should be made to US Pat. No. 5,344,579.

  Another suitable type of friction modifier includes polyol esters such as glycerin monooleate (GMO) and glycerin monolaurate (GML).

In general, the composition may contain up to about 1.25% by weight of one or more friction modifiers, and by way of example, from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight.
Component (G): Antioxidant In some embodiments, an antioxidant composition may be included in the composition. Examples of antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, aromatic amine antioxidants, sulfurized phenolic antioxidants, and organic phosphites. Examples of phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, liquid mixtures of tertiary butylated phenols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), mixed methylene-bridged polyalkylphenols, and 4,4'-thiobis (2-methyl-) 6-tert-butylphenol), N, N′-di-sec-butyl-phenylenediamine, 4-isopropylaminodiphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, and ring-alkylated diphenylamines. Examples include sterically hindered tertiary butylated phenols, bisphenols, and cinnamic acid derivatives, and mixtures of combinations thereof. The amount of antioxidant in the transmission fluid composition described herein may be from about 0.01 to about 3.0 weight percent based on the total weight of the transmission fluid composition. By way of further example, the antioxidant may be present at about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent.
Component (H): rust rust or corrosion inhibitors are another type of anti-additives used in the embodiment of the present invention disclosure. Examples of such materials include monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids. Examples of suitable monocarboxylic acids include octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. Examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids include dimers formed from acids such as tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and trimer acids. Other useful types of rust inhibitors include, for example, tetrapropenyl succinic acid, tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride, tetradecenyl succinic acid, tetradecenyl succinic anhydride, hexadecenyl succinic acid, hexadecyl Examples thereof include alkenyl succinic acid such as senyl succinic anhydride and alkenyl succinic anhydride corrosion inhibitors. Also useful are half esters of alkenyl succinic acids having about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group with alcohols such as polyglycols. Other suitable rust / corrosion inhibitors include ether amines; acid phosphates; amines; polyethoxylated compounds such as ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated phenols and ethoxylated alcohols; imidazolines; aminosuccinic acids or derivatives thereof Etc. These types of materials are commercially available. A mixture of such rust and corrosion inhibitors can also be used. The amount of corrosion inhibitor in the transmission fluid formulation described herein may range from about 0.01 to about 2.0 weight percent based on the total weight of the formulation.
Component (I): Copper Corrosion Inhibitor In some embodiments, copper corrosion inhibitor is another class of additive suitable for inclusion in the composition. Such compounds include thiazoles, triazoles, and thiadiazoles. Examples of such compounds include benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole, dodecyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyl Thio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis (hydrocarbylthio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 2 , 5-bis (hydrocarbyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Suitable compounds include those which are commercially available, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and triazoles such as tolyltriazole and 1 such as 2,5-bis (alkyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole. And mixtures with triazoles such as 3,5-thiadiazole. For dialkyl thiadiazoles that previously provided corrosion protection, the concentration levels used in the present invention to improve extreme pressure and wear resistance (sulfurated fats at relatively high concentration levels as described herein). Have been used at significantly lower processing concentration levels than when combined with oil. 1,3,4-thiadiazoles are generally synthesized from hydrazine and carbon disulfide by known methods. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,765,289, 2,749,311, 2,760,933, 2,850,453, 2,910,439, See 3,663,561, 3,862,798, and 3,840,549.
Component (J): Viscosity index improver The viscosity index improver used in the transmission fluid and gear lubricant composition described above is a polyisoalkylene compound, a polymethacrylate compound, and various conventionally used compounds. Choose from viscosity index improvers. Examples of polyisoalkylene compounds suitable for use as viscosity index improvers include polyisobutylene having a weight average molecular weight of about 700 to about 2,500. In embodiments, a mixture of one or more viscosity index improvers having the same or different molecular weights may be used.

Suitable viscosity index improvers include styrene-maleic esters, polyalkylmethacrylates, and olefin copolymer based viscosity index improvers. Moreover, the mixture of the product mentioned above can also be used similarly to the dispersion viscosity index improver and the dispersion-antioxidation viscosity index improver.
Component (K): Antifoaming agent In some embodiments, the antifoaming agent may be another component suitable for use in the composition. The antifoaming agent can be selected from silicones, polyacrylates, surfactants and the like. The amount of antifoam in the transmission fluid formulation described herein can be from about 0.01 to about 0.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the formulation. By way of further example, the antifoaming agent may be included at about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight.
Component (L): Seal swelling agent The seal swelling agent used in the transmission liquid composition for transmission of the present invention is selected from oil-soluble diesters, oil-soluble sulfones, and mixtures thereof. In general, the most preferred diesters include C ₈ -C ₁₃ alkanols adipates, azelates, and sebacates (or mixtures thereof), and C ₄ -C ₁₃ alkanols phthalates (or their) Mixture). Mixtures of two or more different diesters (eg, dialkyl adipates and dialkyl azelates) may be used. Examples of such materials include n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl, and tridecyl diesters of adipic acid, azelaic acid, and sebacic acid, and n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl of phthalic acid , Nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and tridecyl diesters.

  Other esters that give approximately the same performance include polyol esters. Suitable sulfone seal swell agents are described in US Pat. Nos. 3,974,081 and 4,029,587. These products are typically used in amounts of about 0.25 to about 5% by weight in the final product transmission fluid, and by way of example, can be used at about 0.25 to about 1% by weight.

Suitable seal swell agents are (i) adipic acid, (ii) sebacic acid, or (iii) oil-soluble dialkyl esters of phthalic acid. Adipates and sebacates should be used at about 1 to about 15 weight percent in the final product transmission fluid. In the case of phthalates, the amount in the transmission fluid should be reduced to about 1.5 to about 10% by weight. In general, the higher the molecular weight of adipate, sebacate, or phthalate, the higher the usage ratio should be within the above range.
Component (M): A colorant may be added to enable detection of the transmission fluid for the dye transmission. In general, the “Color Indices (Color Ind.) Of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists and the British Society of Colors and Colors (UK). ) ". I. Solvent Red 24 or C.I. I. An azo dye such as Solvent Red 164 is used. For the transmission fluid for the automatic transmission, Automatic Red Dye is preferable. The dye is contained in a very small amount such as about 200 to about 300 ppm in the transmission liquid for the final product.
Component (N): When a diluent additive is added to the additive package concentrate, a suitable carrier diluent is used to facilitate blending, solubilization, and shipping of the additive package. The diluent oil must be mixed with the base oil and additive package. The amount of diluent in the concentrate varies widely depending on the application, but in one embodiment is from about 5 to about 20%. In general, it is preferable to use a small amount of diluent in order to reduce the transportation cost and usage ratio.

Additives used to formulate the compositions described herein can be blended after mixing alone or in various combinations with other ingredients. However, it is preferred to blend all ingredients simultaneously using an additive concentrate (ie, blending the concentrate with a diluent such as a hydrocarbon solvent). The use of additive concentrates takes advantage of the mutual miscibility obtained when the ingredients are mixed in the form of an additive concentrate. The use of concentrate also reduces blending time and reduces the possibility of blending errors.
Base oil The transmission fluid of the present invention usually (although not always) contains a large amount of base oil and both the above-mentioned added amount of sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole for improving extreme pressure / abrasion resistance. A small amount of additive package is formulated. In one embodiment, the power transmission fluid composition is formulated to contain a large amount of base oil and from about 10 to about 20% by weight of the additive composition containing the above amounts of sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole. Is done.

  Base oils suitable for blending the transmission fluid composition according to the present invention can be selected from various synthetic or natural oils or mixtures thereof. Natural oils include paraffinic, naphthenic, or paraffinic-naphthenic mixed liquid oil, solvent-treated or acid-treated inorganic lubricants, and other animal oils and vegetable oils (eg, castor oil, lard oil). Can be mentioned. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. The base oil typically has a viscosity of, for example, from about 2 to about 15 cSt at 100 ° C., for example from about 2 to about 10 cSt. Furthermore, oils derived from natural gas liquid fueling processes (gas-to-liquid pr ° Cess) are also suitable.

  As synthetic oils, polymerized or interpolymerized olefins (eg, polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, etc.); poly (1-hexene) s, poly (1-octene) s, poly (1 -Decene), poly α-olefins, and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (eg, dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di- (2-ethylhexyl) benzenes, etc .; polyphenyl (Eg, biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated diphenyl sulfides, and hydrocarbon oils such as derivatives, analogs and homologues thereof.

Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and their derivatives in which the terminal hydroxyl groups are modified by esterification, etherification, etc. are other types of known synthetic oils that can be used in the present invention. Such oils include oils produced by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyalkylene polymers (eg, methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1,000, molecular weight Diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 1,000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 1,500) or acetate esters, mixed fatty acid esters of C _3-8 , or tetraethylene glycol mono- such C ₁₃ oxo acid diester - and polycarboxylic acid esters.

  Other synthetic oils that can be used in the present invention include dicarboxylic acids (eg, phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid. , Linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acid, alkenylmalonic acid, etc.) and various alcohols (eg butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.) And esters. Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, sebacin Examples include 2-ethylhexyl diester of dieicosyl acid and linoleic acid dimer, and a complex ester obtained by reacting 1 mol of sebacic acid with 2 mol of tetraethylene glycol and 2 mol of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

Esters that are synthesized from C _{5 to} C ₁₂ monocarboxylic acids and polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and polyol ethers as esters useful as synthetic oils Also included.

  Accordingly, the base oils that can be used to produce the transmission fluid composition described herein are all those of Groups I-V as defined in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Guidelines for Base Oil Compatibility. Base oil can be selected.

  Here, the classification of the above base oils is shown below.

  As mentioned above, poly α-olefin (PAO) can be used as the base oil. Typically, poly alpha olefins are derived from monomers having from about 4 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms. Examples of useful PAOs are those derived from octene, decene, and mixtures thereof. The viscosity at 100 ° C. of PAOs is from about 2 to about 15, or from about 3 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 8 cSt. Examples of PAOs include poly α-olefins having a viscosity of 4 cSt at 100 ° C., poly α-olefins having a viscosity of 6 cSt at 100 ° C., and mixtures thereof. Moreover, you may use the mixture of mineral oil and the above-mentioned poly (alpha) -olefins.

The base oil may be an oil derived from hydrocarbons synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch process. The hydrocarbons synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch process are produced from synthesis gas containing H ₂ and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. In order for such hydrocarbons to be useful as base oils, further processing is usually required. For example, such hydrocarbons may be hydroisomerized by processes such as those disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575, or US Pat. , 943, 672 or 6,096, 940 may be used for hydrocracking and hydroisomerization, and by the process disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,882,505. May be dewaxed or hydroisomerized and dewaxed by processes such as disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 6,013,171, 6,080,301, or 6,165,949. May be.

  Any of the above types of unrefined, refined, rerefined natural or synthetic oils (including mixtures of two or more of these) can be used in the base oil. Unrefined oil is obtained directly from natural or synthetic oil feedstocks without any refining treatment. For example, shale oil obtained directly by the retort method, petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation, or ester oil obtained directly from the esterification process and used without further treatment is an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they are further processed by one or more refining steps to improve one or more properties. Many purification techniques such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolate methods are known to those skilled in the art. The rerefined oil is obtained by treating a refined oil that has already been used by the same process as that used to obtain the refined oil. Such rerefined oils, also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, are most often further processed by methods that remove waste additives, impurities, and oil breakdown products.

  When selecting the above-mentioned additives that are optionally used, the selected components are soluble or stably dispersed in the additive package and the final product automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and other components of the composition It is important that the blending does not significantly interfere with the required or desired performance of the overall composition, such as extreme pressure, abrasion resistance, friction, viscosity, and / or shear stability.

  In general, the auxiliary additive component is used in the oil in a small amount sufficient to improve the performance and properties of the base fluid. Thus, the amount used will depend on various factors such as the viscosity characteristics of the base fluid used, the viscosity characteristics desired for the final product fluid, the intended use conditions of the final fluid, and the desired performance of the final product fluid.

  However, in general, the following general concentrations of additional components in the base fluid can be exemplified (% by weight unless otherwise specified).

  Here, the individual components may be blended alone with the base fluid or may be blended after appropriately combining with other components. Usually, the specific order of such blending steps is not critical. In addition, such components may be blended separately as a diluent solution. However, it is preferred to use the additive component as a concentrate to simplify the blending operation, reduce the possibility of blending errors, and obtain the miscibility and solubility obtained as a whole concentrate.

  Thus, the additive concentrate can be formulated to contain all the additive components, and optionally contains some of the base oil components in amounts such that the final fluid blend matches the above concentrations. Can be formulated as follows. In many cases, the additive concentrate contains one or more diluents, such as light mineral oil, to facilitate handling and blending of the concentrate. Therefore, it contains about 50 wt% or less of one or more diluents or solvents, assuming that the amount of solvent that does not impair the low and high temperature characteristics, flash point characteristics, and performance of the power transmission liquid composition of the final product is contained. A concentrate can be used. In this regard, the additive component used to practice the present invention has a flash point measured by the ASTM D-92 test method for additive concentrates or additive packages formulated from such components. Can be selected and adjusted so that it is above ℃.

  The power transmission liquid of the embodiment of the present invention is blended to impart extreme pressure properties improved in applications in which contact between metals occurs in a high pressure state (for example, when exceeding 2 GPa). Such fluids are suitable for automatic and manual transmissions such as stepped automatic transmissions, continuous continuously variable transmissions, automated manual transmissions, and dual clutch transmissions. When a lubricant that does not have sufficient anti-polarization properties is used, a high metal-to-metal contact pressure, such as that found in automobile transmissions, can damage transmission components, for example. However, the power transmission fluid composition described herein has extremely improved extreme pressure performance. Further, the power transmission fluid of the present invention includes an electronically controlled converter clutch, slipping torque converter, lockup torque converter, starting clutch, and / or transmission having one or more shifting clutches. Suitable for use in. Such transmissions include 4-speed, 5-speed, 6-speed, and 7-speed transmissions, and continuous continuously variable transmissions (chain, belt, disk type). The power transmission fluid of the present invention can also be used for gear applications such as industrial gears and automobile gears. Gear types include, but are not limited to, flat teeth, spiral bevels, helical teeth, planets, and hypoids. These gears can be used for axles, power distribution gearboxes (transfer cases) and the like. Furthermore, the fluid of the present invention is also useful for metalworking applications.

  Illustrative examples of compositions suitable for the practice of the present invention are provided in the following examples. In the following description, “parts” and “%” mean “parts by weight” and “% by weight”, respectively, unless otherwise specified.

  The table shown below shows the extreme pressure properties between steels of transmission fluids for transmissions described in this specification, as evaluated by the ASTM D 3233 Falex EP Test. The Falex EP test measures the load bearing capacity of an oil. According to this test, a 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) diameter test journal or test pin is rotated at 290 rpm between two V-blocks in oil preheated to 51.7 ° C. . In Procedure A, the load applied by the automatic ratchet is increased by a certain amount until the test coupon is seized due to excessive wear or fails due to a sudden loss of load bearing capacity. In the procedure B, the load is increased by 250 lb every 1 minute until the operation is rejected. The standard test pin is AISI 3135 steel, HRB 87, and the standard V block is AISI 1137 steel, HRC 20-24. In the test in the following example, Procedure B is used to determine the test fluid fail load and is described below. The unacceptable load reported below is the average of the results of two consecutive tests of the test fluid. Various transmission fluid compositions for transmissions were tested at 100 ° C and 150 ° C. The test fluid used a different sample at each test temperature. A high reject load means excellent extreme pressure (EP) performance. The baseline fluid used in the above test contains the following components:

(A) Metal-based detergent—about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight
(B) Friction modifier—about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight
(C) Antioxidants—about 0.01 to about 2.0% by weight
(D) Rust preventive-about 0.01 to about 0.3 wt%
(E) Dispersant—about 0.5 to about 10.0% by weight
(F) Defoamer—about 0.0001 to about 0.5% by weight
(G) Base oil (mineral oil or synthetic oil)-Baseline fluid residue A series of test fluids prepared by dissolving dialkyl thiadiazole and one of several different sulfurized fatty oils in different amounts in a reference fluid. did. The additive package was dissolved in the reference fluid so that the total concentration was 14-17%.

  The dialkyl thiadiazole used is 2,5-bis (hydrocarbyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole. The sulfurized fatty oils used are SFO1, SFO2, SFO3, and SFO4. Each test fluid is a fully formulated automatic transmission fluid (ATF). These are shown in Table 1 as Examples 1 to 7 (Ex. 1-7) and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 (CEx. 1-6). The proportions of sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole added to the test fluid are shown in Table 1 along with the performance of these test fluids according to the Falex EP test.

  From the experimental results, it can be seen that the test fluid containing both the sulfurized fatty oil and the dialkyl thiadiazole at a high concentration obtained excellent test results in the Falex EP test. In particular, it contains a sufficient amount of 2,5-dihydrocarbyl mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole to donate 600 ppm or more of sulfur and a sufficient amount to donate 1,000 ppm or more of sulfur. Transmission fluid containing sulfurized fatty oil showed a failure load of 1,750 pounds or more at both temperatures of 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. (see Examples 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7) . The failure loads for Examples 3 and 5 were both slightly below 1,750 pounds, but were consistently high in numerical values. In the tested transmission fluid, the amount of 2,5-dihydrocarbyl mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is insufficient to provide sulfur of 600 ppm or more, or the amount of sulfurized fatty oil is 1,000 ppm or more. In Comparative Examples 1-5, which were insufficient to donate the amount of sulfur, the fail load at 100 ° C. and / or 150 ° C. was below 1,750 pounds.

  While many US patents have been cited throughout this application, the entire contents of these references are expressly included in the present disclosure.

  Substance names and the like are shown in singular form throughout the specification, but may mean one (one) or more. Needless to say, unless otherwise specified, the numerical values indicating the amount, molecular weight, and other properties,%, ratio, reaction conditions, etc. of the contained components described in the specification and claims are expressed as “about” in each example. It is shown. Accordingly, unless stated otherwise, numerical parameters set forth in the specification and claims are provided with approximate values that may vary depending upon the desired performance obtained by the present invention. Even if at least the application of the doctrine of equivalence is not limited to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be interpreted at least from the reported significant figures and the usual rounding. The numerical ranges and parameters that define the broad scope of the present invention are approximate, but the numerical values shown in the specific examples are reported as accurately as possible. Any numerical value, however, contains errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing methods.

  Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the specification, drawings, and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the claims.

The features and aspects of the present invention are as follows.
1. In a fluid composition containing (1) a large amount of base oil and (2) a small amount of additive, the additive is a sufficient amount of sulfurized fat to provide at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid composition. A fluid composition comprising an oil (component (A)) and a dialkyl thiadiazole (component (B)) in an amount sufficient to donate at least about 500 ppm of sulfur to the fluid composition.
2. Component (A) is present in an amount sufficient to donate about 1,000 to about 2500 ppm of sulfur into the fluid composition, and Component (B) contains about 500 to about 1,800 ppm of sulfur. 2. The fluid composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluid composition is contained in an amount sufficient to provide the fluid composition.
3. Component (A) is present in an amount sufficient to donate about 1,300 to about 2,100 ppm of sulfur into the fluid composition, and Component (B) contains about 550 to about 1,500 ppm of sulfur. 2. The fluid composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluid composition is contained in an amount sufficient to provide the fluid composition.
4). The fluid composition according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of sulfur provided by the sulfurized fatty oil and the dialkyl thiadiazole is about 1,500 ppm or more.
5. 2. The fluid composition as described in 1 above, wherein the total amount of sulfur provided by the sulfurized fatty oil and the dialkyl thiadiazole is about 2,500 ppm or more.
6). The fluid composition according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of sulfur provided by the sulfurized fatty oil and the dialkyl thiadiazole is about 3,000 ppm or more.
7). 2. The fluid composition according to 1 above, wherein the component (A) is contained in an amount of about 0.5% by weight or more and the component (B) is contained in an amount of about 0.15% by weight or more with respect to the transmission fluid for transmission.
8). The component (A) is contained in an amount of about 0.5 to about 5.0% by weight and the component (B) is contained in an amount of about 0.15 to about 3.0% by weight with respect to the transmission fluid for transmission. The fluid composition according to 1.
9. The component (A) is contained in an amount of about 0.7 to about 3.0% by weight and the component (B) is contained in an amount of about 0.15 to about 1.0% by weight with respect to the transmission fluid for transmission. The fluid composition according to 1.
10. The component (A) is contained in an amount of about 0.73 to about 3.0% by weight and the component (B) is contained in an amount of about 0.3 to about 1.0% by weight with respect to the transmission fluid for transmission. Item 2. The fluid composition according to Item 1.
11. The component (A) is contained in an amount of about 0.75 to about 3.0% by weight and the component (B) is contained in an amount of about 0.35 to about 1.0% by weight with respect to the transmission fluid for transmission. The fluid composition according to 1.
12 2. The fluid composition according to 1 above, wherein the component (A) is a sulfurized transesterified triglyceride.
13. The fluid composition according to 1 above, wherein the component (A) is selected from the group consisting of sulfurized fat, sulfurized fatty acid, sulfurized fatty acid ester, and sulfurized fatty acid-derived olefin.
14 2. The fluid composition according to 1 above, wherein the component (B) is a compound having the following structural formula.

In the formula, R ₁ and R ₂ are the same or different hydrocarbyl groups, x and y are each independently an integer of 0 to 8, and the sum of x and y is 1 or more.
15. 15. The fluid composition according to the above 14, wherein R ₁ and R ₂ are the same or different hydrocarbyl groups having about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms.
16. 15. The fluid composition according to the above 14, wherein R ₁ and R ₂ are the same or different hydrocarbyl groups having about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms, and x and y are each 1.
17. 2. The fluid composition according to 1 above, wherein the component (A) is 2,5-bis (hydrocarbyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole or a derivative thereof.
18. Base oils are derived from natural oils, natural oil mixtures, synthetic oils, synthetic oil mixtures, natural oil and synthetic oil mixtures, and Fischer-Tropsch processes or natural gas liquid fueling processes (gas-to-liquid pr ° Cess) 2. The fluid composition according to 1 above, which comprises one or more of the prepared base oils.
19. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of from about 2 to about 10 centistokes.
20. The additive composition further includes detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, viscosity index improvers, copper corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, seal swell agents, metal inertness 2. The fluid composition as described in 1 above, which comprises at least one of an agent and an air expansion additive.
21. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the additive composition comprises about 10 to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition.
22. A transmission comprising the fluid composition according to 1 above.
23. The transmission according to claim 22, wherein the transmission includes a continuous continuously variable transmission.
24. 24. The transmission according to claim 22, wherein the transmission includes a dual clutch transmission.
25. 24. The transmission according to claim 22, wherein the transmission includes an automatic transmission.
26. 24. The transmission according to claim 22, wherein the transmission includes a manual transmission.
27. The fluid is for use in electronically controlled converter clutches, slipping torque converters, lock-up torque converters, starting clutches, and transmissions using one or more shifting clutches. A fluid composition according to claim 1, which is suitable.
28. The fluid is used in belt-type, chain-type, disk-type continuous continuously variable transmissions, 4-speed, 5-speed, 6-speed or 7-speed automatic transmissions, manual transmissions, automated manual transmissions, or dual clutch transmissions. 2. The fluid composition according to 1 above, which is suitable for
29. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the fluid is suitable for use in industrial gears or automobile gears.
30. A vehicle having an engine and a transmission, wherein the transmission includes the fluid according to the above item 22.
31. A vehicle having a differential device, wherein the differential device includes a lubricant containing the fluid composition according to 1 above.
32. In a fluid containing a large amount of base oil and a small amount of additive composition, the additive composition is a combination of sulfurized fatty oil (component (A)) and dialkyl thiadiazole (component (B)) in accordance with ASTM D-3233. A fluid characterized in that it contains an amount of each component effective to obtain a transfer fluid having a fail load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. of about 1,750 pounds or more, as measured by the Falex EP test.
33. Containing an amount of component (A) sufficient to donate at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid composition and sufficient to donate at least about 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid composition; 33. The fluid composition of claim 32, comprising an amount of component (B).
34. A sufficient amount of component (A) to provide about 1,000 to about 2,500 ppm sulfur to the fluid composition, and about 500 to about 1,800 ppm to the fluid composition; 33. The fluid composition of claim 32, containing an amount of component (B) sufficient to donate sulfur.
35. Contains an amount of component (A) sufficient to donate about 1,300 to about 2,100 ppm of sulfur to the fluid composition, and about 550 to about 1,500 ppm of the fluid composition; 33. The fluid composition of claim 32, containing an amount of component (B) sufficient to donate sulfur.
36. 32. Suitable for use in electronically controlled converter clutches, slipping torque converters, lock-up converters, starting clutches, and transmissions that use one or more of one or more shifting clutches A fluid composition as described.
37. The fluid is used in belt-type, chain-type, disk-type continuous continuously variable transmissions, 4-speed, 5-speed, 6-speed or 7-speed automatic transmissions, manual transmissions, automated manual transmissions, or dual clutch transmissions. 33. The fluid composition according to the above item 32, which is suitable for
38. 33. The fluid composition of claim 32, wherein the fluid is suitable for use in industrial gears or automobile gears.
39. A transmission comprising the fluid composition of 32 above.
40. 40. The transmission according to 39, wherein the transmission includes a continuous continuously variable transmission.
41. 40. The transmission according to 39, wherein the transmission includes a dual clutch transmission.
42. 40. The transmission according to claim 39, wherein the transmission includes an automatic transmission.
43. 40. The transmission according to 39, wherein the transmission includes a manual transmission.
44. A vehicle having an engine and a transmission, wherein the transmission includes the fluid described in 32 above.
45. 35. A vehicle having a differential device, wherein the differential device includes a lubricant containing the fluid composition according to the above item 32.
46. (A) a sulfurized fatty oil in an amount sufficient to donate about 1,000 ppm or more of sulfur to the fluid composition, and (B) to donate about 500 ppm or more of sulfur to the fluid composition. An additive composition comprising a sufficient amount of dialkyl thiadiazole.
47. A failure load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. measured by ASTM D-3233 Falex EP test of about 1,750 pounds in combination with sulfurized fatty oil (component (A)) and dialkyl thiadiazole (component (B)) An additive composition comprising each component amount effective for obtaining the above-described transmission liquid.
48. (1) (a) a base oil and (b) a sufficient amount of sulfurized fatty oil to donate at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid and at least about 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid. A fluid containing an additive package containing a sufficient amount of a dialkyl thiadiazole to the power transmission device, and (2) allowing the fluid to function in the power transmission device, A method for improving extreme pressure and / or wear in a power transmission device, characterized in that the wear is improved as compared with the case where the fluid is not used.
49. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of from about 2 to about 10 centistokes.
50. The additive composition further comprises a detergent, a dispersant, a friction modifier, an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, an antifoaming agent, a viscosity index improver, a copper corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a seal swelling agent, a metal 49. The method according to 48 above, comprising at least one of an activator and an air expansion additive.
51. 49. The method according to 48, wherein the power transmission device includes a transmission.
52. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the power transmission device comprises an industrial gear or an automobile gear.
53. Sufficient to provide (a) a base oil, and (b) a sulfurized fatty oil sufficient to donate at least about 1,000 ppm sulfur to the fluid and at least about 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid. Characterized in that a fluid containing an additive package containing a sufficient amount of a dialkyl thiadiazole is operated in the transmission, and the service life of the transmission is improved compared to when the fluid is not used To extend the useful life of a product.

Claims (6)

(1) A fluid composition for an automatic transmission containing a major amount of a base oil and (2) a small amount of an additive, the additive comprising (A) 1,000 ppm to 2500 ppm of sulfur as the fluid composition a sufficient amount of sulfurized fatty oil to the donor at the object, and (B) at least 500ppm sufficient amount of dialkyl thiadiazole to donate sulfur to the fluid composition, the alkyl group of the dialkyl thiadiazole in thisゝ6 including the 18 carbon atoms,
And wherein the total sulfur in the fluid composition provided by the sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole is 2,000 ppm or more. An automatic transmission fluid composition comprising a major amount of base oil and a small amount of additive composition, the additive composition comprising: (A) a sulfurized fatty oil; and (B) each alkyl group is 6-18. An amount of a dialkyl thiadiazole effective to obtain a transfer fluid containing at least 1,750 pounds at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C., as determined by ASTM D-3233 Falex EP test.
Wherein the sulfurized fatty oil is present in an amount sufficient to donate 1000 ppm to 2500 ppm of sulfur to the automatic transmission fluid composition and provided by the sulfurized fatty oil and the dialkyl thiadiazole. A fluid composition, wherein the total amount of sulfur in the fluid composition for transmission is 2,000 ppm or more. (A) an amount of sulfurized fatty oil sufficient to donate 1,000 ppm to 2500 ppm of sulfur to the fluid composition for an automatic transmission; and (B) at least 500 ppm of sulfur to the fluid composition. A sufficient amount of a dialkyl thiadiazole,
An additive composition comprising: each alkyl group of the dialkyl thiadiazole comprises 6-18 carbon atoms, and the fluid composition comprising the additive composition comprises a total of 2000 ppm or more An additive composition having a sulfur content of For fluids for automatic transmissions including base oils,
(A) a sulfurized fatty oil, and (B) a dialkyl thiadiazole wherein each alkyl group contains 6 to 18 carbon atoms,
Each of which is effective to obtain a transfer fluid having a failure load at 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. of 1,750 pounds or more as measured by ASTM D-3233 Falex EP test Containing component amounts, where the sulfurized fatty oil is present in an amount sufficient to donate 1,000 ppm to 2500 ppm sulfur to an automatic transmission fluid and is provided by the sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole An additive composition, wherein the total amount of sulfur in the automatic transmission fluid is greater than 2,000 ppm. A method of improving extreme pressure and / or wear in the power transmission device, a (1) fluid, and (a) a base oil, a sulfur least 1,000 ppm ～2500Ppm against (b) said fluid A fluid containing a sulfurized fatty oil sufficient to donate and an additive package containing a sufficient amount of dialkyl thiadiazole to donate at least 500 ppm sulfur to the fluid. Add it, where the total amount of sulfur in the fluid in greater than 2,000ppm to be granted by the sulfurized fatty oil and dialkyl thiadiazole, it consists to function in (2) in the power transmission device the fluid, how to characterized in that the extreme pressure and / or wear resistance is improved as compared with the case not using the fluid. A fluid, sulfur least 500ppm against sufficient amount of sulfurized fatty oil and fluid to donate sulfur 1,000 ppm ～2500Ppm (a) having a base oil, and (b) said fluid An additive package containing a sufficient amount of a dialkyl thiadiazole to donate, wherein the total amount of sulfur in the fluid donated by the sulfurized fatty oil and the dialkyl thiadiazole is greater than 2,000 ppm A method for extending the service life of a transmission, wherein the service life of the transmission is improved in comparison with a case where the fluid is not used.