JP4356626B2 - Artificial turf intercalated sediment collection / recycling hand sand cart - Google Patents

Artificial turf intercalated sediment collection / recycling hand sand cart Download PDF

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JP4356626B2
JP4356626B2 JP2005037474A JP2005037474A JP4356626B2 JP 4356626 B2 JP4356626 B2 JP 4356626B2 JP 2005037474 A JP2005037474 A JP 2005037474A JP 2005037474 A JP2005037474 A JP 2005037474A JP 4356626 B2 JP4356626 B2 JP 4356626B2
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允彦 杉田
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この発明は、人工芝間堆積土砂を撥ね跳ばして吸い上げ、この土砂から不要粉土と再利用可能な目砂とを分別回収すると共に、分別目砂だけを前記芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布できる人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車に関する。   The present invention repels and sucks up the sediment between the artificial turf, and separates and collects unnecessary powdery soil and reusable mesh sand from this sediment, and only the sorted mesh sand is used as new mesh sand between the grasses. The present invention relates to a hand truck for reducing and spraying separation sand that can be used for collecting and separating artificial sediment between artificial turf.

一般に、透水性が良い人工芝コート(オムニコート)や人工芝グランドにおいては、乾燥時および雨や散水等により濡れている時の滑り抵抗と、通常の芝コートの滑り具合をほぼ均等にすることと、テニス等の競技をする上でボールのバウンドと転がりに影響を与えず、競技者の足腰負担を軽減するために、予め人工芝コートの施工時に芝間には、自然界で産する砂やカンラン石を粉砕して得た砕砂等の目砂が一様に散布充填してある。   In general, in artificial turf coats (omni coats) and artificial turf grounds with good water permeability, the sliding resistance when dry and wet by rain, water spray, etc., and the normal turf coat sliding condition should be made almost equal. In order to reduce the burden on the legs and legs of the athlete without affecting the bounce and rolling of the ball when playing tennis, etc. The fine sand such as crushed sand obtained by pulverizing olivine is uniformly sprayed and filled.

この目砂は、一般にマグネシウムに富み丸みのある粒状で不規則な外見をもち、斜方晶系に結晶するマグネシウム−鉄の珪酸塩鉱物の一群からなるサラサラしたもので、このようなカンラン結晶は、普通単純な晶相をもち,複錐と柱面および卓面の集合形で、光沢はガラス状、色はオリーブ緑色、硬度はモース硬度計で6.5〜7,比重は3.3〜3.4で、鉄の含有量の増加に応じて増えている。一般的に、この砂の芝間充填量は人工芝の高さ(約19mm)の90%(約17mm程)の高さまで満遍なく散布している。   This fine sand is generally a magnesium-rich, rounded, irregular appearance with a smooth texture consisting of a group of magnesium-iron silicate minerals that crystallize in an orthorhombic system. It usually has a simple crystal phase, and is a collective form of double cones, column faces, and table faces, gloss is glassy, color is olive green, hardness is Mohs hardness meter 6.5-7, specific gravity is 3.3 In 3.4, it increases as the iron content increases. In general, the filling amount of the sand between the turf is uniformly distributed to a height of 90% (about 17 mm) of the height of the artificial turf (about 19 mm).

しかし、人工芝を敷設した全天候型コートや人工芝グランドでは、経年使用により周囲の畑地や非舗装道路とか原野などから人工芝間に、大量の無用な粉土や土塵が風で飛来し堆積して目詰り現象を起こしたり、人工芝の下方の開粒アスコンにも目詰り現象を起こし、排水を悪化させたり、人工芝も使用頻度が度重なることによって手入れを怠れば大量の粉土や土塵がコンクリート化して固まり、コート自体がクレーやアンツーカコートのように硬くなってしまい、最早ローンコートとしては使い物にならなくなるという本質的かつ、大きな問題点を生じる。   However, in all-weather courts and artificial turf grounds laid with artificial turf, a large amount of unnecessary powdery soil and dust fly and accumulate between the artificial turf from surrounding fields, unpaved roads and wilderness, etc. Cause clogging phenomenon, clogging phenomenon in the open granulated ascon under artificial turf, worsening drainage, and frequent use of artificial turf due to repeated usage The dust becomes concrete and hardens, and the coat itself becomes hard like clay and an untouched coat, which causes an essential and big problem that it is no longer usable as a loan coat.

このような人工芝コートの問題点を解決するために、種々の提案があるが、例えば下記の特許文献1のように、平方向に高さが調節でき、外周面に突起物を有する円筒形ないし円柱形の回転体を備えた走行機械を用いて、前記回転体の突起物を砂入り人工芝生の砂層に突き立てながら、前記走行機械を砂入り人工芝生のフィールド上を走行させて、前記砂を解してこれを真空掃除機で除去した後、上記人工芝生を地面から引き剥がして撤去回収する砂入り人工芝生の回収方法が周知である。   There are various proposals for solving the problem of such an artificial turf coat. For example, as in Patent Document 1 below, the height can be adjusted in the horizontal direction, and the cylindrical shape has protrusions on the outer peripheral surface. Or using a traveling machine provided with a cylindrical rotating body, while propelling the protrusions of the rotating body against the sand layer of the artificial grass with sand, running the traveling machine on the field of artificial grass with sand, A method for collecting sand-containing artificial lawn is known in which sand is removed and removed with a vacuum cleaner, and then the artificial lawn is peeled off from the ground and removed.

また、これとは別に、下記の特許文献2のように、走行可能な箱形機枠の前方開口部において地面に対し後方斜め下向きに水を噴射するノズルを設け、このノズルからの噴射水により吹き上げられた目砂を水と共に前記開口部から掬い上げる掬い上げ部材で掬い上げた目砂および水を前記機枠内の収容室に収容し、この収容室の水を吸い上げて前記ノズルに循環させるポンプを備えた芝の目砂除去機も周知である。
特開2001−336111号公報 特公平6−97885号公報
Separately from this, as shown in Patent Document 2 below, a nozzle that injects water obliquely downward and rearward with respect to the ground is provided at the front opening of the box-type machine frame that can be traveled. The sand and water that has been scooped up by the scooping member that scoops up the sand that has been blown up from the opening together with the water is stored in the storage chamber in the machine frame, and the water in the storage chamber is sucked up and circulated to the nozzle. Lawn sand removers equipped with a pump are also well known.
JP 2001-336111 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-97885

上記特許文献1の従来例は、大量の不要粉土が堆積した地面敷設の砂入り人工芝生を撤去するに当たり、地面敷設状態の人工芝間から大量の粉土が堆積した土砂を真空引き除去した後、この除去済の人工芝を改めて地面から引き剥がして撤去回収する砂入り人工芝生の回収方法であり、さらにこの従来例では、粉土が多く堆積している部分は、芝間表面層だけで下層の砂には粉土が無く再利用が可能であるという観点から、予め上記表面層の堆積土砂だけを地面に敷設したままの人工芝から除去した後、下層の砂が残存した人工芝を改めて引き剥がし回収することもできるとした砂入り人工芝生の回収方法である。   In the conventional example of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, when removing the artificial grass containing sand laid on the ground on which a large amount of unnecessary powdery soil has been deposited, the soil on which a large amount of powdered soil has accumulated is removed by vacuuming between the artificial turf in the ground laid state. After that, this removed artificial turf is peeled off from the ground again to remove and collect the artificial turf with sand, and in this conventional example, only the surface layer between the turf is the part where a lot of powdery soil is accumulated. From the viewpoint that the lower layer sand has no powder soil and can be reused, the artificial turf in which the lower layer sand remains after removing only the surface layer sedimentary soil from the artificial turf laid on the ground in advance. This is a method for collecting artificial lawn with sand that can be peeled off and collected again.

特許文献2の従来例は、人工芝やゴルフ場グリーンの手前など、局部的に目砂が減って傷んだ所を補修するに当たり、目砂除去後に使用する別に用意した目砂散布機の散布幅に応じて予じめ目砂を水と共に掬い上げ除去するために使用する芝の目砂除去機である。   The conventional example of Patent Document 2 is a spray width of a separately prepared mesh sand spreader that is used after removing the mesh sand when repairing damaged areas such as artificial grass and golf course green. This is a lawn sand remover used to scoop up and remove pre-sealed sand together with water.

したがって、前記各従来例は共に、人工芝コートまたはグランド等の人工芝施設時に芝間に充填した砂と前記芝間に経年堆積した大量の粉土や土塵とを除去するだけのもので、不要粉土を含んだ土砂と再利用可能な目砂とを分別回収し、再利用可能な分別目砂だけを再びコートやグランドの芝間に目砂として還元散布できず、目砂を散布するには、他の目砂散布専用機材と合計二台の走行機材を必要とするから、機材管理・運搬流通・販売購入・使用点検などのすべての面で扱い辛く不便で面倒であるし、作業性が悪い上に、価格の面でも著しく不利であったという本質的かつ、大きな問題点が有る。   Therefore, each of the conventional examples only removes the sand filled between the turf at the time of the artificial turf facility such as an artificial turf coat or a ground and a large amount of dust and dirt accumulated over time between the turf, Collect and collect earth and sand containing unnecessary powdery soil and reusable mesh sand, and only reusable separated mesh sand cannot be reduced and sprayed again between the court and ground grass as spray sand. Requires a total of two traveling equipment and other equipment for spraying special sand, which is cumbersome, inconvenient and cumbersome in all aspects of equipment management, transportation distribution, sales purchase, use inspection, etc. In addition to its poor nature, there is an essential and big problem that it is extremely disadvantageous in terms of price.

前記各従来例の問題点を除去すべく、ロール状回転ブラシで撥ね跳ばした人工芝間堆積土砂をフードから吸引する土砂吸引機と、その排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に設けた土砂中粉土を排気流と共に通過させる粉土分別フィルタと、前記後管に連通配設した粉土貯溜用排気濾過袋と、前記フィルタで阻止した分別目砂を前記下管を経て残余の排気流と共に散布する開口周囲に設けた目砂飛散防止用スカートと、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動するための原動機とをそれぞれ一台の台車に搭載し、人工芝間に堆積した土砂を回収除去した所に分別目砂を還元散布できる手押し台車は、現在未だに存在しない。   In order to eliminate the problems of each of the conventional examples, after passing through a sand and sand suction machine that sucks the accumulated sediment between artificial turf splashed with a roll-shaped rotating brush from the hood, and a lower pipe of a T-shaped pipe connected to the discharge port A dust separation filter for passing the dust in the earth and sand provided in the pipe together with the exhaust flow, an exhaust filter bag for storing powder in communication with the rear pipe, and the separation sand blocked by the filter through the lower pipe After that, a skirt for preventing dust splattering around the opening to be sprayed with the remaining exhaust flow and a prime mover for driving the rotary brush to rotate are mounted on a single carriage, and the sediment deposited between the artificial turf is collected. There is not yet a handcart that can reduce and dispose of the sorted sand at the place where it is collected and removed.

この発明は、只一台の台車に搭載した機材で大量の不要粉土を含んだ土砂と再利用可能な目砂とを分別回収しつつ、再利用可能な分別目砂だけを人工芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布可能にすることを目的とする。   This invention separates and collects only the reusable separated sand between the artificial grass while separating and collecting the earth and sand containing a large amount of unnecessary powdered soil and the reusable sand with the equipment mounted on one truck. The purpose is to enable reduction spraying as new mesh sand.

上記した本発明の目的は、ロール状回転ブラシで撥ね跳ばした人工芝間堆積土砂をフードから吸引する土砂吸引機と、その排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に設けた土砂中粉土を排気流と共に通過させる粉土分別フィルタと、前記後管に連通配設した粉土貯溜用排気濾過袋と、前記フィルタの手前で前記下管内を残余の排気流と共に流下する分別目砂の散布幅を制限する目砂飛散防止用スカートと、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動するための原動機とをそれぞれ一台の台車に搭載したことで達成できた。   The object of the present invention described above is provided in the rear pipe through the earth and sand suction machine for sucking the sediment between the artificial turf repelled by the roll-shaped rotating brush from the hood and the lower pipe of the T-shaped pipe connected to the discharge port. A dust sorting filter that allows the dust in the soil to pass together with the exhaust flow, a dust filter exhaust filter bag that is disposed in communication with the rear pipe, and a fraction that flows down with the remaining exhaust flow in the lower pipe before the filter. This can be achieved by mounting a skirt for preventing the scattering of the sand from being scattered and a prime mover for rotationally driving the rotating brush on each cart.

また、本発明の目的は、ロール状回転ブラシで撥ね跳ばした人工芝間堆積土砂をフードから吸引する土砂吸引機と、その排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に設けた土砂中粉土を排気流と共に通過させる粉土分別フィルタと、前記後管に連通配設した粉土貯溜用排気濾過袋と、前記フィルタの手前で前記下管内を残余の排気流と共に流下する分別目砂の拡散箱と、その下部開口周囲に設けた目砂飛散防止用スカートと、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動するための原動機とをそれぞれ一台の台車に搭載したことでも達成できた。   Further, the object of the present invention is to provide a sediment suction machine for sucking artificial turf accumulated sediment repelled with a roll-shaped rotating brush from a hood, and a T-tube lower pipe connected to the discharge port in a rear pipe. A dust sorting filter that allows the dust in the soil to pass together with the exhaust flow, a dust filter exhaust filter bag that is disposed in communication with the rear pipe, and a fraction that flows down with the remaining exhaust flow in the lower pipe before the filter. It could also be achieved by mounting a diffusion box for the mesh sand, a skirt for preventing dust scattering provided around the lower opening, and a prime mover for rotationally driving the rotating brush, respectively.

より具体的には、前記手押し台車の前側に人工芝間に堆積した土砂を前方に撥ね跳ばして除去するロール状回転ブラシを枢支横設すると共に、このブラシで撥ね跳ばした土砂を集めるフードを前記台車に突設し、このフードから突出する土砂を前記台車の棚板前部に配置した土砂吸引機で吸引可能に配管し、その後部排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に前記土砂中の不要粉土と排気流だけを分別通過させ、粉土よりも大きく重い再利用可能な目砂は残余の排気流と共に前記下管内に分別流下させる細かいメッシュの粉土分別フィルタを設け、このフィルタを経た前記後管に分別不要粉土を溜め込み回収する排気濾過袋を連通配設する一方、前記フィルタの手前で下管内を流下する分別後の再利用可能な目砂を下部開放の拡散箱内面に前記残余の排気流と共に衝突させて乱流化させることで、流速を弱め大量の目砂を拡散しつつ台車の下部に垂設した目砂飛散防止用スカート内の目砂散布開口から土砂除去後の芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布可能に構成してなり、前記回転ブラシと土砂吸引機とを回転駆動するための電動機を前記手押し台車に搭載し、前記電動機への給電コードを台車から延在したことでも達成できた。   More specifically, a roll-type rotating brush that repels and removes the sediment accumulated between the artificial turf on the front side of the handcart is pivoted horizontally, and the hood collects the repelled sediment by this brush. After projecting from the hood, the earth and sand protruding from the hood are piped so as to be sucked by the earth and sand suction machine arranged at the front part of the shelves of the carriage, and then passed through the lower pipe of the T-shaped pipe connected to the rear outlet. A fine mesh powder separation filter that allows only unnecessary powdery soil and exhaust flow in the soil to be separated and passed through the pipe, and reusable mesh sand larger and heavier than the powdery soil is separated into the lower pipe together with the remaining exhaust flow. An exhaust filter bag for collecting and collecting unrequired dust is collected and connected to the rear pipe that has passed through this filter, while the reusable sand after separation that flows down the lower pipe in front of the filter is disposed in the lower part. Open diffusion box inside After removing the sediment from the mesh sand spraying opening in the mesh skirt for preventing dust scattering suspended at the bottom of the cart while diffusing a large amount of mesh sand by colliding with the remaining exhaust flow and making it turbulent It is configured to be able to reduce and spread as new sand between the turf, and an electric motor for rotationally driving the rotating brush and the earth and sand suction machine is mounted on the handcart, and a power supply cord to the electric motor is connected from the carriage It was also possible to achieve it by extending.

なお、前記回転ブラシと土砂吸引機とを回転駆動するには、給電コード不要の内燃エンジンなどの原動機を用いてもよく、また前記フード・土砂吸引機・T字管・粉土分別フィルタ・排気濾過袋をそれぞれ左右一対ずつ個別配設してもよく、この場合には、前記フィルタの手前で左右一対のT字管下管内を流下する分別目砂を前記残余の排気流と共に左右一対の可撓パイプを経て前記拡散箱内に両側から対向噴射し、この拡散箱内で上記目砂を排気流と共に互いに正面衝突させて流速を相殺しつつ乱流化させることで、大量の目砂を一層良好に拡散させることもでき、前記手押し台車には、左右一対の前輪と左右一対のキャスター後輪とを設けてもよく、前記スカートを柔軟材料で形成してもよい。   In order to rotate the rotating brush and the earth and sand suction machine, a prime mover such as an internal combustion engine that does not require a power supply cord may be used, and the hood, earth and sand suction machine, T-shaped tube, dust classification filter, and exhaust A pair of right and left filter bags may be individually arranged. In this case, a pair of left and right sewable sands flowing through the pair of left and right T-shaped pipes in front of the filter together with the remaining exhaust flow. A large amount of sand is further blasted by opposing jetting from both sides into the diffusion box through a flexible pipe, and causing the above-mentioned sand to collide with the exhaust flow in front of each other in the diffusion box to cancel the flow velocity. The handcart may be provided with a pair of left and right front wheels and a pair of left and right caster rear wheels, and the skirt may be formed of a flexible material.

この発明は、以上のような手段を採用したので、以下に記載の効果を奏する。
この発明における請求項1から請求項4までの各発明によれば、大量の粉土が堆積した人工芝間土砂を撥ね跳ばし吸引除去する機材と、この吸引した土砂から不要の粉土と再利用可能な目砂を分別回収する機材と、再利用可能な分別目砂だけを土砂除去済の人工芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布する機材とを一台の手押し台車に搭載したので、たった一台の手押し台車を人工芝面に進行させるだけで、人工芝間堆積土砂中の粉土と再利用可能な目砂とに分別回収除去しながら、再利用可能な目砂だけを土砂を除去した人工芝間に新たな目砂として作業性良く還元散布でき、その機材管理・運搬流通・販売購入・使用点検などのすべての面で扱い易く、価格的にも著しく有利になったという優れた効果が有る。
Since the present invention employs the above-described means, the following effects can be obtained.
According to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, the apparatus for repelling and removing the artificial interstitial soil with a large amount of powdered soil by repelling, removing unnecessary powdered soil from the suctioned sand and sand. Since one handcart is equipped with equipment that separates and collects available sand, and equipment that reduces and recycles only reusable sorted sand as artificial sand between the artificial turf that has been removed. By simply moving a handcart to the artificial turf surface, it separates and removes the dust in the sediment between the artificial turf and the reusable mesh sand, while removing only the reusable mesh sand. The new artificial sand between the removed artificial turf can be reduced and sprayed with good workability, it is easy to handle in all aspects such as equipment management, transportation distribution, sales purchase, use inspection, etc. There is an effect.

この発明における請求項5の発明では、前記諸効果に加えて、前記フード・土砂吸引機・T字管・粉土分別フィルタ・排気濾過袋をそれぞれ左右一対ずつ個別配設したので、人工芝間に堆積した土砂を可及的に幅広く除去できると共に、目砂の還元散布幅も広くできるという効果を付加でき、また、この発明における請求項6の発明のように、前記左右一対のT字管下管内を流下する分別目砂を前記残余の排気流と共に左右一対の可撓パイプを経て前記拡散箱内に両側から対向噴射し、この拡散箱内で上記目砂を排気流と共に互いに正面衝突させて流速を相殺しつつ乱流化させることで、大量の目砂と排気流とを、より一層良好に拡散させることができると共に、土砂を除去した人工芝間に目砂をより一層作業性良く還元散布できるという効果を付加できた。   In the invention of claim 5 according to the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the hood, the earth and sand suction device, the T-shaped tube, the powder soil separation filter, and the exhaust filter bag are individually arranged on the left and right sides, respectively. The earth and sand deposited on the sand can be removed as widely as possible, and the effect of widening the reduction spread of the mesh sand can be added, and the pair of left and right T-shaped tubes as in the invention of claim 6 of the present invention. The separated sand that flows down the lower pipe is jetted from both sides into the diffusion box through the pair of left and right flexible pipes together with the remaining exhaust flow, and the above-mentioned sand is collided with the exhaust flow in front of each other in this diffusion box. By turbulent flow while canceling out the flow rate, a large amount of sand and exhaust flow can be diffused better, and the sand is further improved between the artificial turf with earth and sand removed. The effect of reducing spraying It could be added to.

本発明における請求項7の発明では、前記手押し台車に左右一対の前輪とキャスター後輪とを設けたので、手押し台車の進行方向を前輪接地のまま容易に転換できるという効果を付加できたし、さらに請求項8の発明のように、前記スカートを柔軟材料で形成すれば、スカートの下辺が芝面を柔軟に擦過できるので、手押し台車の進行を阻害する要因の一つを軽減できると共に芝面を傷めないという効果を付加できた。   In the invention of claim 7 in the present invention, since the hand cart is provided with a pair of left and right front wheels and a caster rear wheel, it is possible to add an effect that the traveling direction of the hand cart can be easily changed while grounding the front wheel, Further, if the skirt is formed of a flexible material as in the invention of claim 8, the lower side of the skirt can rub the turf surface flexibly, so that one of the factors hindering the progress of the handcart can be reduced and the turf surface can be reduced. The effect of not hurting can be added.

この発明の最良基本形態例としては、図1から図4までの各図のように、台車1に枢支したロール状回転ブラシ2で撥ね跳ばした人工芝間堆積土砂をフード3から吸引する土砂吸引機4と、その排出口4Aに連結したT字管5の下管5Aを経た後管5B内に設けた土砂中粉土を排気流と共に通過させる粉土分別フィルタ6と、前記後管5Bに連通配設した粉土貯溜用排気濾過袋7と、前記フィルタ6で阻止した分別目砂を前記下管5Aを経て残余の排気流と共に散布する図2のような開口10の周囲と前記回転ブラシ2の周囲に設けた目砂飛散防止用スカート9と、前記回転ブラシ2および土砂吸引機4を回転駆動するための原動機Mとをそれぞれ一台の台車に搭載することで、本発明による人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車を構成できた。なお、堆積粉土が多い場合、下管5Aと開口10間に目砂を排気流と共に拡散させる下部開放の拡散箱8を設ける。   As an example of the best basic form of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, earth and sand that sucks from artificial turf accumulated sand repelled by a roll-shaped rotating brush 2 pivotally supported on a carriage 1 from a hood 3. Suction machine 4, dust filter 6 that passes through the lower pipe 5 </ b> A of the T-shaped pipe 5 connected to the discharge port 4 </ b> A and passes through the dust in the earth and sand provided in the rear pipe 5 </ b> B together with the exhaust flow, and the rear pipe 5 </ b> B. 2 and the rotation around the opening 10 as shown in FIG. 2 for spraying the fractionated sand blocked by the filter 6 together with the remaining exhaust flow through the lower pipe 5A. The artificial skirt 9 according to the present invention is provided by mounting the skirt 9 for preventing the scattering of sand provided around the brush 2 and the motor M for rotationally driving the rotating brush 2 and the earth and sand suction device 4 respectively on one carriage. Reduction and spraying of fractionated sand that can also be used for recovery of interstitial sediment. I was able to configure the truck press. When there is a lot of accumulated powdered soil, a lower open diffusion box 8 is provided between the lower pipe 5A and the opening 10 for diffusing the mesh sand together with the exhaust flow.

すなわち、具体的には、図1から図4までの各図のように、幅員約1m程度の手押し台車1の前側に人工芝間に弾力的に入り込んで堆積した土砂を前方に撥ね跳ばし除去する直径約25cm、幅員約1m程度の電動式ロール状回転ブラシ2を枢軸2Aで枢支横設すると共に、このブラシで撥ね跳ばした土砂を集める左右一対の前細フード3を前記台車1に前向きに突設し、各フード3から突出する土砂を前記台車1の棚板1Aの前部に配置した原動機(電動機やエンジン)内蔵の左右の土砂吸引機4で吸引可能に内径12cm程度の可撓パイプPで配管するのであるが、上記土砂吸引機4には、土木建設現場で通常「集塵機」と称する現用一般の小砕石吸引機を本発明では、土砂吸引機4として用いる。   Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the earth and sand accumulated by elastically entering the artificial turf on the front side of the hand cart 1 having a width of about 1 m is splashed forward and removed. An electric roll-shaped rotating brush 2 having a diameter of about 25 cm and a width of about 1 m is pivotally supported by a pivot 2A, and a pair of left and right front thin hoods 3 for collecting earth and sand splashed by the brush are directed forward to the cart 1 Flexible so that the earth and sand protruding from each hood 3 can be sucked by the left and right earth and sand suction machines 4 with built-in motors (electric motors and engines) arranged in front of the shelf 1A of the cart 1 Although the pipe P is used as the earth and sand suction machine 4, a general crushed stone suction machine which is usually called “dust collector” at the construction site is used as the earth and sand suction machine 4 in the present invention.

次いで、前記各図のように上記左右一対の土砂吸引機4の排出口4Aにそれぞれ連結したT字管5の下管5Aを経た左右一対の後管5B内には、それぞれ前記土砂中約20%程度の不要粉土と約50%程度の排気流だけを分別通過させ、粉土よりも大きく重い再利用可能な土砂中約80%程度の目砂は、残余約50%程度の排気流と共に前記下管5A内に分別流下させる細かいメッシュの多孔円板や強靱な丸金網とか網皿など直径12cm程度の粉土分別フィルタ6を縦設内装し、各フィルタ6を経た前記後管5Bにそれぞれ分別不要粉土を溜め込み回収する通常バグフィルタと称する排気濾過袋7を連通配設する。   Next, as shown in the respective drawings, in the pair of left and right rear pipes 5B through the lower pipe 5A of the T-shaped pipe 5 respectively connected to the discharge ports 4A of the pair of left and right earth and sand suction machines 4, about 20 Only about 80% unnecessary dust and about 50% exhaust flow are separated and passed, and about 80% of the reusable sand that is larger and heavier than the powder soil has about 50% remaining exhaust flow. A fine mesh perforated disk, a tough round wire mesh, or a mesh tray, which is separated and flowed down into the lower pipe 5A, is vertically installed with a powder soil sorting filter 6 having a diameter of about 12 cm. An exhaust filter bag 7 called a normal bag filter that collects and collects unsorted powder is provided in communication.

一方、前述したフィルタ6の手前で各T字管5の下管5A内を流下する目砂を残余の排気流と共に可撓パイプPを経て拡散箱8内に両側面の各孔から対向噴射し、この拡散箱8内で上記目砂を排気流と共に互いに正面衝突させて流速を相殺しつつ乱流化させることで、大量の目砂を拡散させると共に、前記台車1の下部に前記各図のように垂設したゴム製柔軟スカート9内に大きく開口した目砂散布開口10から、さらに拡散流速を弱めて下向きに散布可能に構成し、弱まった排気乱流は、上記スカート9の下辺と芝面との間隙を経て逃がすことで、土砂除去後の芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布可能に構成できた。   On the other hand, the mesh sand flowing down in the lower pipe 5A of each T-shaped pipe 5 in front of the filter 6 is jetted oppositely from the holes on both sides into the diffusion box 8 through the flexible pipe P together with the remaining exhaust flow. In this diffusion box 8, the above-mentioned sand is collided with the exhaust flow in front of each other to make a turbulent flow while canceling out the flow velocity, thereby diffusing a large amount of sand and spreading the bottom of the cart 1 in the above figures. From the mesh sand spraying opening 10 which is widely opened in the rubber flexible skirt 9 suspended in the manner described above, the diffusion flow velocity is further reduced so that it can be sprayed downward. The weak exhaust turbulence is caused by the lower side of the skirt 9 and the turf. By letting it escape through the gap with the surface, it could be configured to be reduced and sprayed as new eye sand between the turf after removing the sediment.

ただし、人工芝間に堆積した土砂中の粉土か少ない場合には、前記回転ブラシ2と土砂吸引機4とをそれぞれ弱めに回転させても、土砂中の粉土を除去しつつ分別目砂を還元散布できるが、この場合には前記拡散箱8を省略でき、前記フィルタで阻止した分別目砂を前記下管を経て残余の排気流と共にダイレクトに散布する開口10を図2のように台車1に設け、その周囲に目砂飛散防止用スカート9を同図のように垂設すればよい。   However, when there is little dust in the sediment deposited between the artificial turf, even if the rotating brush 2 and the sediment suction machine 4 are rotated weakly, the classified sand while removing the soil in the sediment. In this case, the diffusion box 8 can be omitted, and an opening 10 for directly spraying the separation sand blocked by the filter together with the remaining exhaust flow through the lower pipe as shown in FIG. 1 is provided, and a skirt 9 for preventing sand scattering is suspended around the periphery thereof as shown in FIG.

また前記回転ブラシ2と土砂吸引機4とを回転駆動するには、前記各図のように電動機Mを前記台車1に搭載し、前記電動機への給電コードを台車1から延在して人工芝コート管理所などに設置した商用電源に接続して使用したり、給電コード不要の内燃式エンジンで回転ブラシ2と土砂吸引機4とを回転駆動するようにしてもよい。   Further, in order to rotationally drive the rotating brush 2 and the earth and sand suction machine 4, an electric motor M is mounted on the carriage 1 as shown in the above drawings, and a power feeding cord to the electric motor is extended from the carriage 1 to artificial grass. The rotary brush 2 and the earth and sand suction device 4 may be driven to rotate by an internal combustion engine that does not require a power supply cord, or connected to a commercial power source installed at a court management office or the like.

なお、上記各図における符号1Bで示す部分は台車1の後部に突設した手押しハンドル、符号1C・1Dで示す部分はそれぞれ台車1の前輪とキャスタ後輪、符号Pで示す部分は内径12cm程度の可撓パイプ、符号Bで示す部分は伝動ベルトである。   In addition, the part shown by the code | symbol 1B in each said figure is the hand handle projected from the rear part of the trolley | bogie 1, the part shown by the code | symbol 1C * 1D is the front wheel and caster rear wheel of the trolley | bogie 1, and the part shown by the code | symbol P is about 12 cm in internal diameter. The portion indicated by the reference numeral B is a transmission belt.

本発明は、以上のような構成となしたので、これを使用するに当っては、先ず、人工芝間土砂が乾いてサラサラした状態かどうか、手持ちブラシでランダム個所を抜き取り的に検査し、芝間土砂に湿気が無く乾いてサラサラした状態であれば、前記回転ブラシ2と土砂吸引機4とを電動機Mで回転駆動させた後、手押し台車1をその後部に突設した手押しハンドル1Bを押して台車1を前進させると、台車の前側に枢支横設したロール状回転ブラシ2で人工芝間に堆積した土砂を前方に撥ね跳ばして除去できると共に、このブラシ2で撥ね跳ばした土砂を左右一対のフード3で集めつつ、これら各フード3から突出する土砂を前記台車1の棚板1A前部に配置した左右一対の土砂吸引機4で吸引できる。   Since the present invention is configured as described above, when using this, first, whether the artificial turf interstitial sand is dry and smooth, randomly inspected with a hand-held brush, If the interstitial earth and sand are dry and smooth, the rotary brush 2 and the earth and sand suction machine 4 are driven to rotate by the electric motor M, and then the hand handle 1B protruding from the rear of the hand carriage 1 is provided. When the carriage 1 is pushed forward, the earth and sand accumulated between the artificial turf can be removed by repelling forward with the roll-shaped rotating brush 2 pivotally mounted on the front side of the carriage, and the earth and sand repelled by the brush 2 can be removed. While collecting with a pair of left and right hoods 3, the earth and sand protruding from each of the hoods 3 can be sucked with a pair of left and right earth and sand suction machines 4 arranged in front of the shelf 1 </ b> A of the carriage 1.

この吸引と同時に上記左右一対の土砂吸引機4の排出口4Aにそれぞれ連結した左右一対のT字管5の下管5Aを経た左右一対の後管5B内にそれぞれ縦設内装した粉土分別フィルタ6により、前記土砂中の約20%程度の不要粉土と約50%程度の排気流だけを排気濾過袋7内に排出して不要粉土を溜め込み回収できると共に、粉土よりも大きく重い再利用可能な土砂中の約80%程度の目砂は、粉土分別フィルタ6で跳ね返り、その手前で前記約50%程度の排気流と共に前記下管5A内に分別流下する。   Simultaneously with this suction, a dust sorting filter is vertically installed in a pair of left and right rear pipes 5B through a lower pipe 5A of a pair of left and right T-shaped pipes 5 respectively connected to the discharge ports 4A of the pair of left and right soil suction machines 4. 6 allows only about 20% of the undesired dust and about 50% of the exhaust flow in the earth and sand to be discharged into the exhaust filter bag 7 to collect and collect the undesired dust, and recycle larger and heavier than the dust. About 80% of the sand in the available earth and sand is bounced off by the dust classification filter 6 and flows down into the lower pipe 5A together with the exhaust flow of about 50% before that.

上記流下する分別目砂は、上記約50%程度の排気流と共に可撓パイプPを経て拡散箱8内に両側面の各孔から対向噴射するので、この拡散箱8内で上記目砂を排気流と共に互いに正面衝突させて流速を相殺しつつ乱流化させることで、大量の目砂を拡散でき、この拡散排気流と拡散目砂とを前記台車1の下部におけるゴム製スカート9内に大きく開口した目砂散布開口10から、さらに流速を弱め大量の目砂を拡散流下させることができ、大量の目砂を前記回転ブラシによる土砂除去後の人工芝間に作業性良く還元散布できた。   The sorted sand that flows down is jetted from the holes on both sides into the diffusion box 8 through the flexible pipe P together with the exhaust flow of about 50%, so that the sand is exhausted in the diffusion box 8. A large amount of mesh sand can be diffused by causing it to collide with each other in front of each other and canceling the flow velocity, thereby diffusing a large amount of the mesh sand. From the opened mesh sand spraying opening 10, it was possible to further reduce the flow rate and to diffuse a large amount of mesh sand, and to reduce and spray a large amount of mesh sand between the artificial turf after removing the sand and sand with the rotating brush with good workability.

人工芝間に堆積した土砂中の粉土か約10%程度と少ない場合は、前記回転ブラシ2と土砂吸引機4とをそれぞれ稼働率60%程度に弱めて回転させても、土砂中の少ない粉土を除去しつつ土砂中の約90%程度の分別目砂を還元散布できるが、この場合には、前記フィルタ6で分別した目砂を前記下管5Aを経て残余の弱い排気流と共に台車1に図2のように透設した二つの開口10から人工芝間にダイレクトに下向き散布できる。   When the amount of dust in the sediment deposited between the artificial turf is as low as about 10%, even if the rotary brush 2 and the sediment suction machine 4 are rotated with the operating rate reduced to about 60%, the amount in the soil is small. About 90% of the fractional sand in the earth and sand can be reduced and dispersed while removing the powdery soil. In this case, the grain sand separated by the filter 6 passes through the lower pipe 5A together with a weak exhaust flow remaining in the carriage. 1 can be directly sprayed downward between the artificial turf from the two openings 10 formed as shown in FIG.

前記説明では、フード3・土砂吸引機4・T字管5・粉土分別フィルタ6・排気濾過袋7をそれぞれ左右一対ずつ個別配設した例について述べたが、人工芝間に堆積した土砂中の粉土か約10%程度と少ない場合は、本発明における上記フード3を回転ブラシ幅に作ると共に、単一の土砂吸引機4・T字管5・粉土分別フィルタ6・排気濾過袋7・拡散箱8を用いるだけで、人工芝間に堆積した土砂を除去しつつ、土砂除去済の人工芝間に土砂中約90%の分別目砂を新たな目砂とし散布できるが、この場合には、上記単一の下管5A内を流下する分別目砂を前記残余50%程度の排気流と共に下部開放の拡散箱8の片側の孔から対向内面に衝突させて流速を減少させつつ乱流化させることで、人工芝間に堆積した土砂中約90%の大量の目砂を一層良好に拡散させることができ、分別目砂を上記弱めた排気流と共に台車の目砂散布開口10から土砂除去後の芝間に還元散布できた。   In the above description, an example in which the hood 3, the earth and sand suction machine 4, the T-shaped pipe 5, the dust classification filter 6 and the exhaust filter bag 7 are individually arranged on the left and right sides is described. When the amount of the powdered soil is as small as about 10%, the hood 3 in the present invention is made to have a rotating brush width, and a single earth and sand suction machine 4, a T-shaped tube 5, a powdery soil separation filter 6, and an exhaust filter bag 7 -Using only the diffusion box 8, while removing the sediment accumulated between the artificial turf, it is possible to disperse about 90% of the fractional sand in the soil between the artificial turf that has already been removed. In this case, the separation sand that flows down in the single lower pipe 5A is collided with the exhaust air flow of the remaining 50% from the hole on one side of the diffusion box 8 which is open to the opposite inner surface to reduce the flow velocity. A large amount of eyes of about 90% in the sediment deposited between artificial turf by flowing The can be better spread, fractionated eyes sand was reduced spread between turf after sediment removal from the eye sand spraying openings 10 of the carriage together with the exhaust stream weakened above.

本発明による人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車は、人工芝間堆積土砂除去現場以外に、例えばゴルフ場のグリーン手前砂地などに堆積した土砂の回収兼用分別砂粒還元散布手押し台車としても立派に使用できる。   In addition to the artificial turf sedimentation sand removal hand truck, in addition to the artificial turf sedimentation sand removal site, for example, the sand collection / recovery separation sand particle reduction spray that is deposited on the sand before the green of the golf course, etc. It can also be used as a hand cart.

本発明の実施形態例を示す前方斜視図Front perspective view showing an example embodiment of the present invention 本発明の実施形態例を示す裏側斜視図The back side perspective view showing the embodiment of the present invention 本発明の実施形態例を示す左側斜視図Left perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention 本発明の実施形態例を示す右側斜視図Right perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 台車
1A 棚板
1B 手押しハンドル
1C 前輪
1D キャスター後輪
2 回転ブラシ
2A 枢軸
3 フード
4 土砂吸引機
4A 排出口
5 T字管
5A 下管
5B 後管
6 粉土分別フィルタ
7 排気濾過袋
8 拡散箱
9 柔軟スカート
10 目砂散布開口
M 原動機(電動機やエンジン)
P 可撓パイプ
1 Cart 1A Shelf 1B Hand handle 1C Front wheel 1D Caster rear wheel 2 Rotating brush 2A Axis 3 Hood 4 Sediment suction machine 4A Discharge port 5 T-shaped pipe 5A Lower pipe 5B Rear pipe 6 Dust filter 7 Exhaust filter bag 8 Diffusion box 9 Flexible skirt 10 Eye sand spray opening M Motor (motor or engine)
P Flexible pipe

Claims (8)

ロール状回転ブラシで撥ね跳ばした人工芝間堆積土砂をフードから吸引する土砂吸引機と、その排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に設けた土砂中粉土を排気流と共に通過させる粉土分別フィルタと、前記後管に連通配設した粉土貯溜用排気濾過袋と、前記フィルタの手前で前記下管内を残余の排気流と共に流下する分別目砂の散布幅を制限する目砂飛散防止用スカートと、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動するための原動機とをそれぞれ一台の台車に搭載した人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   The earth and sand suction machine that sucks the accumulated sediment between artificial grass bounced off with a roll-shaped rotating brush from the hood and the T-tube lower pipe connected to the discharge port, and the dust in the earth and sand provided in the pipe along with the exhaust flow Limiting the spread width of the dust filter for passing through, the exhaust filter bag for storing the powder soil communicated with the rear pipe, and the separating sand that flows down with the remaining exhaust flow in the lower pipe before the filter A hand cart for reducing and distributing separated sand that is used to collect sediment between artificial turf and has a skirt for preventing sand scattering and a prime mover for rotationally driving the rotating brush. ロール状回転ブラシで撥ね跳ばした人工芝間堆積土砂をフードから吸引する土砂吸引機と、その排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に設けた土砂中粉土を排気流と共に通過させる粉土分別フィルタと、前記後管に連通配設した粉土貯溜用排気濾過袋と、前記フィルタの手前で前記下管内を残余の排気流と共に流下する分別目砂の拡散箱と、その下部開口周囲に設けた目砂飛散防止用スカートと、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動するための原動機とをそれぞれ一台の台車に搭載した人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   The earth and sand suction machine that sucks the accumulated sediment between artificial grass bounced off with a roll-shaped rotating brush from the hood and the T-tube lower pipe connected to the discharge port, and the dust in the earth and sand provided in the pipe along with the exhaust flow A dust sorting filter to be passed through, an exhaust filter bag for storing dust in communication with the rear pipe, a separation box for separating sand that flows down with the remaining exhaust flow in the lower pipe before the filter, and A hand cart for reducing and separating separated sand that is also used for collecting sediment between artificial turf and equipped with a skirt for preventing dust scattering provided around the lower opening and a motor for rotating the rotating brush. . 手押し台車の前側に人工芝間に堆積した土砂を前方に撥ね跳ばし除去するロール状回転ブラシを枢支横設すると共に、このブラシで撥ね跳ばした土砂を集めるフードを前記台車に突設し、このフードから突出する土砂を前記台車の棚板前部に配置した電動式土砂吸引機で吸引可能に配管し、その後部排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に前記土砂中の不要粉土と排気流だけを分別通過させ、粉土よりも大きく重い再利用可能な目砂は残余の排気流と共に前記下管内に分別流下させる細かいメッシュの粉土分別フィルタを設け、このフィルタを経た前記後管に分別不要粉土を溜め込み回収する排気濾過袋を連通配設する一方、前記フィルタの手前で下管内を流下する分別後の再利用可能な目砂を下部開放の拡散箱内面に前記残余の排気流と共に衝突させて乱流化させることで、流速を弱め大量の目砂を拡散しつつ台車の下部に垂設した目砂飛散防止用スカート内の目砂散布開口から土砂除去後の芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布可能に構成してなり、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動する電動機を前記台車に搭載し、この電動機と前記土砂吸引機への給電コードを台車から延在してなる人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   A roll-shaped rotating brush that repels and removes the sand accumulated between the artificial grasses on the front side of the handcart is pivoted horizontally, and a hood that collects the rebounded sand and sand with this brush protrudes from the cart. The earth and sand protruding from the hood is piped so as to be sucked by an electric earth and sand suction machine arranged at the front part of the cart shelf, and is passed through the lower pipe of the T-shaped pipe connected to the rear discharge port in the rear pipe. Only unnecessary powder and exhaust flow are separated and passed, and reusable mesh sand that is larger and heavier than the powder is separated into the lower pipe along with the remaining exhaust flow. An exhaust filter bag for collecting and collecting unrequired powder in the rear pipe is connected to the rear pipe, and the reusable sand after the separation flowing down the lower pipe in front of the filter is disposed on the inner surface of the diffusion box that is open at the bottom. The remaining exhaust And turbulent flow by colliding with the turf to reduce the flow velocity and diffuse a large amount of sand, while the sand is removed from the sand spray opening in the skirt for preventing sand scattering suspended in the bottom of the carriage Between the artificial turf, which is configured to be able to be reduced and dispersed as fine sand, has an electric motor that rotates the rotating brush mounted on the carriage, and a power supply cord for the electric motor and the earth and sand suction machine extends from the carriage. A hand cart for reducing and spreading sedimentation sand that is also used for collecting sediment. 手押し台車の前側に人工芝間に堆積した土砂を前方に撥ね跳ばして除去するロール状回転ブラシを枢支横設すると共に、このブラシで撥ね跳ばした土砂を集めるフードを前記台車に突設し、このフードから突出する土砂を前記台車の棚板前部に配置した原動機付き土砂吸引機で吸引可能に配管し、その後部排出口に連結したT字管の下管を経た後管内に前記土砂中の不要粉土と排気流だけを分別通過させ、粉土よりも大きく重い再利用可能な目砂は残余の排気流と共に前記下管内に分別流下させる細かいメッシュの粉土分別フィルタを設け、このフィルタを経た前記後管に分別不要粉土を溜め込み回収する排気濾過袋を連通配設する一方、前記フィルタの手前で下管内を流下する分別後の再利用可能な目砂を下部開放の拡散箱内面に前記残余の排気流と共に衝突させて乱流化させることで、流速を弱め大量の目砂を拡散しつつ台車の下部に垂設した目砂飛散防止用スカート内の目砂散布開口から土砂除去後の芝間に新たな目砂として還元散布可能に構成してなり、前記回転ブラシを回転駆動する内燃エンジンを前記台車に搭載してなる人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   A rolling rotary brush that repels and removes the sediment deposited between the artificial turf on the front side of the handcart is pivoted horizontally, and a hood that collects the rebounded sand and sand with this brush protrudes from the cart. The earth and sand protruding from the hood is piped so as to be sucked by a sand and sand suction machine with a motor disposed at the front part of the shelves of the carriage, and the earth and sand are put into the rear pipe through the lower pipe of the T-shaped pipe connected to the rear discharge port. This filter is equipped with a fine-mesh powder separation filter that separates and passes only unnecessary powdery soil and exhaust flow, and separates reusable mesh sand that is larger and heavier than the powdery soil into the lower pipe together with the remaining exhaust flow. An exhaust filter bag for collecting and collecting unrequired dust is collected and connected to the rear pipe that has passed through the inner side of the diffusion box. To the rest By colliding with the exhaust flow to make it turbulent, the flow rate is reduced and a large amount of sand is diffused. A hand cart for reducing and spraying separated sand that is also used for collecting sediment between artificial turf, and configured to mount the internal combustion engine that rotationally drives the rotating brush on the cart. 前記フード・土砂吸引機・T字管・粉土分別フィルタ・排気濾過袋をそれぞれ左右一対ずつ個別配設してなる請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一つの請求項に記載の人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   The artificial turf according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hood, the earth and sand suction machine, the T-shaped tube, the dust classification filter, and the exhaust filter bag are individually arranged in pairs. A hand cart for reducing and spreading separated sand that is also used for collecting interstitial sediment. 前記左右の下管内を流下する分別目砂を前記残余の排気流と共に左右一対の可撓パイプを経て前記拡散箱内に両側から対向噴射し、この拡散箱内で上記目砂を排気流と共に互いに正面衝突させて流速を相殺しつつ乱流化させることで、大量の目砂を拡散可能となした請求項5に記載の人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   Separated sand that flows down in the left and right lower pipes is jetted from both sides into the diffusion box through the pair of left and right flexible pipes together with the remaining exhaust flow, and the joint sand is discharged together with the exhaust flow in the diffusion box. The reduced-spraying handcart for collecting and separating separated sediments for artificial grass accumulation and sand separation according to claim 5, wherein a large amount of sediments can be diffused by causing frontal collisions and turbulent flow while offsetting the flow velocity. 前記手押し台車に左右一対の前輪とキャスター後輪とを設けることで、手押し台車の進行方向を前輪接地のまま転換可能に構成してなる請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一つの請求項に記載の人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the hand truck is provided with a pair of left and right front wheels and a caster rear wheel so that the traveling direction of the hand truck can be changed while the front wheel is grounded. A hand cart for reducing and spreading separated sand that is also used for collecting artificial sediment between artificial turf. 前記スカートを柔軟材料で形成してなる請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一つの請求項に記載の人工芝間堆積土砂の回収兼用分別目砂の還元散布手押し台車。   The skirt is formed of a flexible material, and the reducing and spraying hand cart for collecting and separating fractionated sand for use in collecting artificial sand between artificial turf according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
JP2005037474A 2005-02-15 2005-02-15 Artificial turf intercalated sediment collection / recycling hand sand cart Expired - Fee Related JP4356626B2 (en)

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