JP4352677B2 - Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4352677B2
JP4352677B2 JP2002279299A JP2002279299A JP4352677B2 JP 4352677 B2 JP4352677 B2 JP 4352677B2 JP 2002279299 A JP2002279299 A JP 2002279299A JP 2002279299 A JP2002279299 A JP 2002279299A JP 4352677 B2 JP4352677 B2 JP 4352677B2
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
internal combustion
combustion engine
thin plate
plate
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JP2002279299A
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JP2004116360A (en
JP2004116360A5 (en
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謙吉 平木
順 八木
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車等の内燃機関から排出される燃焼排気ガスの浄化装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車等の内燃機関から排出される排気ガスの浄化には、従来よりハニカム状セラミック触媒やメタル触媒が実用に供されている。一方、クロス触媒体を有孔パンチング円筒に巻きつけたものをケースに収納してなる触媒装置が開示されている。これはクロス触媒で排気ガスの被浄化成分を反応減少し、かつ排気ガスの温度を上昇せしめることで後段の触媒装置での反応浄化効率を向上せしめることを目的としているものもある。(例えば特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平1−249915号公報(図1)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記した従来例では、無機ガラス質の織布の表面に触媒を担持したクロス触媒と、このクロス触媒を機械的に保持する目的のために有孔金属筒に巻回した構成となっている。無機ガラス質でなる織布基材は通常のガラス繊維織布に比べればはるかに高温度での使用に耐えるものであるが、それでも長期の使用に対しては800℃近辺での使用が望まれる。このような使用のもとでは排気ガス圧の変動や車体の振動に伴う排気系の振動等、機械的な負荷が大きい。このためにクロス触媒を使うに当たっては、クロス触媒を機械的に固定して外振動による不要な負荷、特に屈曲を伴う応力がかからないよう、またクロス触媒織布のズレに伴う対保持部材(金属筒等)との擦れ磨耗などに対する手段が必要である。さらには保持金属部材の高温雰囲気下での酸化にともない発生する金属スケ−ルによるクロス触媒表面への付着で触媒反応ブロッキングを起こし、触媒被毒と反応阻害が実質的な触媒作用の経年劣化となって、排気ガス浄化の特性劣化さらには浄化不能状況を呈するという課題があった。
【0005】
すなわち、クロス触媒は可とう性に富むが、それ自体では高温下での機械的負荷に弱いため、装着場所を選ばざるを得ず、クロス触媒の機械的また反応寿命的に補完する機能を兼ね備える保持材を必要としていた。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、触媒物質を表面に担持してなる無機繊維質織布状のクロス触媒と、反応機能を有する金属質有孔薄板とを組み合わせて一体とした触媒体を内燃機関の排気系に装着した内燃機関用排気浄化装置を提供するものであり、クロス触媒を保持する金属質有孔薄板は、COやHCまたはNOの浄化反応機能を有するニッケル鋼もしくはクロム鋼でなるパンチングメタルまたはエキスパンドメタルラス板にしたものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
(実施の形態1)
図1は本発明の実施の形態1における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示すものであり、11は、巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板、12は巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板11に巻きつけたクロス触媒布、13はクロス触媒12に外側にさらに巻きつけた金属質有孔薄板を示す。
【0008】
さらに詳しく説明すると、図1において、巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板11は、厚さ0.3mmのニッケル平板に、開口率が45%となるように、千鳥に切り目をあけ、板の長手方向に延伸可能とする菱形の同形有孔を設けたニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板を円筒にまるめた巻き芯筒としている。そしてその巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板11に、Ptを表面に担持したクロス触媒布12を2回巻きつけ、さらにその外側に金属質有孔薄板11と同等のニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板である金属質有孔薄板13を巻いている。
【0009】
本実施の形態では、このようにしてクロス触媒をニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板で挟持することで一体化した触媒体を、内燃機関の排気系に装着し、内燃機関用排気浄化装置として用いる。
【0010】
なお、本実施の形態においては、金属質有孔薄板11はニッケル製のエキスパンドメタルラス板を用いたが、クロム材であっても良い。また、エキスパンドメタルラス板の代わりに、パンチングメタルであっても良い。
【0011】
(実施の形態2)
図2は、本実施の形態における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示すものであり、21は巻き芯筒として用いる第1の金属質有孔薄板を示す。また22はクロス触媒布であり、第2の金属質有孔薄板23と交互に重ね、金属質有孔薄板21にロール状に巻いてある。
【0012】
さらに詳しく説明すると、図2において、巻き芯筒として用いる第1の金属質有孔薄板21は、厚さ0.3mmのニッケル平板に、開口率が25%となるように、開口したパンチングメタル板で円筒に丸めてある。そして、Ptを表面に担持したクロス触媒布22と、実施の形態1で示したニッケル鋼でなるエキスパンドメタルラス板である第2の金属質有孔薄板23とを交互に重ねたものを、2回以上複数回巻回してロール状にし、クロス触媒布22の一巻きをそれぞれ別個に第1の金属質有孔薄板21および第2の金属質有孔薄板23で挟持した。
【0013】
本実施の形態では、このようにしてクロス触媒をニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板で挟持することで一体化した触媒体を、内燃機関の排気系に装着し、内燃機関用排気浄化装置として用いる。
【0014】
なお、第1の金属質有孔薄板21、第2の金属質有孔薄板23は、ニッケル鋼の代わりにクロム鋼でもよい。また、第1の金属質有孔薄板21はパンチングメタル板の代わりに、エキスパンドメタルラス板であっても良い。また、第2の金属質有孔薄板23はエキスパンドメタルラス板の代わりに、パンチングメタル板であっても良い。
【0015】
次に、実施の形態1および実施の形態2の作用について説明する。
【0016】
クロス触媒12、22を挟持する保持材である金属質有孔薄板11、13、21、23の素材として、ニッケル鋼またはクロム鋼を使うことで、クロス触媒12、22の機械的保持が本来の固定機能のほかに、ニッケルやクロムそのものの酸化・還元反応機能に加え、800℃を超える高温雰囲気下においても、安定した金属特性が維持され、挟持しているクロス触媒11、22に対する機械的な損傷を加えることなく形状を長時間保持することができる。このことから、結果として、触媒体全体としての長時間反応維持と機械的損傷緩和また反応阻害を抑制する。さらに、本実施の形態の構成と作用効果により、これまで技術的に不可能であった排気系で最も高温域にあるエキゾ−ストマニホルド内への触媒装着が可能となった。
【0017】
さらに、実施の形態1および実施の形態2の作用による効果について説明する。
【0018】
表1は、ニッケルとクロム鋼を保持材とした実施の形態1と比較として従来より使われてきたSUS鋼を保持材とした比較例とのCO酸化反応比較である。比較例は金属質有孔薄板にSUS鋼を用い、実施の形態1と同様の方法で作成したものである。ここで、被反応ガスには空気バランスのCO0.1vol%ガスを用い、通常の流通式反応装置で空間速度50×104/hの条件とした。また実施例と比較例はともに大気中850℃×0H,100H、1000Hそれぞれ加熱したものをサンプルとした。
【表1】

Figure 0004352677
【0019】
表2は、実施の形態2の構成で、表1と同じ条件での結果を示したものである。なお、比較例は金属質有孔薄板にSUS鋼を用い、実施の形態2と同様の方法で作成したものである。
【表2】
Figure 0004352677
【0020】
表3は、表2で使ったものと同じサンプルを、ふるいしんとう試験機に0、10、50H架けた後の反応評価結果である。
【表3】
Figure 0004352677
【0021】
表1から表に示すように、いずれの結果も、本実施の形態におけるNi鋼保持板またはCr鋼保持板で触媒を保持した方が、比較例のSUS鋼で保持する方法より長時間加熱後の飽和浄化率が大きいことが分かった。
【0022】
以上の結果から明らかなように、本実施の形態1または2による方法は、クロス触媒の効果を最大限引き出すものである。すなわち、クロス触媒を自動車用浄化触媒として使用するのに、最も大きな問題がその保持機構であった。このためこれまでにも幾多の改善がなされてきたにもかかわらず、高温下での長時間使用に不安が残った。この不安のほとんどが苛酷な振動を伴う850℃を越える高温下での反応維持であった。
【0023】
本発明ではこれまでの保持構成を徹底して再検討した結果、反応機能を有し、850℃を超える高温下でも機械特性が劣らず、それ自体が可とう性に富むニッケルやクロム鋼を保持材にしたことがポイントである。この構成により、クロス触媒を高温下で使用する場合にも、従来発生していた機械的損傷や、スケール発生等に伴う反応阻害を緩和できた。
【0024】
さらに、本発明の実施の形態による構成により、これまで技術的に不可能であったエキゾーストマニホルド内への触媒装着が可能となった。ニッケルやクロムの鋼材は400〜600℃の空気雰囲気中でCOやHCを酸化する一方、HC含有の低酸素雰囲気中ではNOを還元する。そしてこの反応性は高温になるほど高まり、800℃を超える雰囲気ではクロス触媒の反応性に劣らない程度を示す。特に、パンチングメタル板やエキスパンドメタルラス板のように切断面において金属部分が占める面積が多いほど、反応性に富むこともわかった。
さらに、ニッケル板は金属展性がよく、可とう性もよいために、この金属板で挟持したときのクロス触媒の機械的損傷度は、通常の耐熱鋼(SUS等)と比べれば比較にならないほど少なく、高温雰囲気下の機械的損傷度は850℃〜900℃で顕著に改善がみられた。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、ニッケル鋼またはクロム鋼で、クロス触媒を保持することにより、クロス触媒の機械的また反応寿命的に補完する機能を兼ね備えることができ、内燃機関の優れた浄化機能をもたらす。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の実施の形態1における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示す図
【図2】 本発明の実施の形態2における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示す図
【符号の説明】
11、13 金属質有孔薄板
21 第1の金属質有孔薄板
23 第2の金属質有孔薄板
12、22 クロス触媒[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a purification device for combustion exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as an automobile.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, honeycomb ceramic catalysts and metal catalysts have been put to practical use for purifying exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines such as automobiles. On the other hand, a catalyst device is disclosed in which a cross catalyst body wound around a perforated punching cylinder is housed in a case. The purpose of this is to improve the reaction purification efficiency of the subsequent catalyst device by reducing the reaction of the exhaust gas to be purified by the cross catalyst and raising the temperature of the exhaust gas. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-1-249915 (FIG. 1)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional example, a cross catalyst having a catalyst supported on the surface of an inorganic glassy woven fabric and a structure wound around a perforated metal tube for the purpose of mechanically holding the cross catalyst. Yes. A woven fabric base material made of inorganic glass can withstand use at a much higher temperature than ordinary glass fiber woven fabrics, but it is still desirable to use at around 800 ° C for long-term use. . Under such use, mechanical loads such as fluctuations in the exhaust gas pressure and vibrations in the exhaust system accompanying the vibration of the vehicle body are large. For this reason, when using the cross catalyst, the cross catalyst is mechanically fixed so that unnecessary load due to external vibrations, especially stress accompanying bending, is not applied, and a counter-holding member (metal tube) due to displacement of the cross catalyst fabric is used. Etc.) and means for rubbing and abrasion are necessary. Furthermore, catalytic reaction blocking occurs due to adhesion to the cross catalyst surface by the metal scale generated by oxidation of the holding metal member in a high-temperature atmosphere, and catalyst poisoning and reaction inhibition substantially degrade the catalytic action over time. Thus, there has been a problem that the exhaust gas purification characteristics are deteriorated and further purification is impossible.
[0005]
In other words, the cross catalyst is very flexible, but it itself has a weak mechanical load at high temperatures, so it must be chosen where it is installed, and has the function of complementing the mechanical and reaction life of the cross catalyst. Retaining material was needed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a catalyst body in which an inorganic fibrous woven cloth catalyst having a catalytic substance supported on a surface and a metal perforated thin plate having a reaction function are combined. Provided is an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine mounted on an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and a metallic perforated thin plate holding a cross catalyst is a nickel steel or chromium steel having a CO, HC or NO X purification reaction function It is a punching metal or expanded metal lath plate .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which 11 is a metallic perforated thin plate used as a winding core cylinder, and 12 is a metallic perforated thin plate 11 used as a winding core cylinder. A cloth cloth cloth 13 is wound around the cloth catalyst 12 and is further wound around the cloth catalyst 12 on the outside.
[0008]
More specifically, in FIG. 1, the metallic perforated thin plate 11 used as the winding core tube is cut into a staggered pattern so that the aperture ratio is 45% on a nickel flat plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm. A nickel-expanded metal lath plate provided with a rhomboid isomorphous perforation that can be stretched in the longitudinal direction is formed as a winding core cylinder that is rounded into a cylinder. Then, a cross-catalyst cloth 12 carrying Pt on the surface is wound twice around the metallic perforated thin plate 11 used as the winding core cylinder, and a nickel expanded metal lath plate equivalent to the metallic perforated thin plate 11 is provided on the outer side. A metal perforated thin plate 13 is wound.
[0009]
In the present embodiment, the catalyst body integrated by sandwiching the cross catalyst between the nickel expanded metal lath plates in this manner is attached to the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine and used as an exhaust purification device for the internal combustion engine.
[0010]
In this embodiment, the metallic perforated thin plate 11 is an expanded metal lath plate made of nickel, but may be a chromium material. Moreover, a punching metal may be used instead of the expanded metal lath plate .
[0011]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 2 shows an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine in the present embodiment, and 21 shows a first metallic perforated thin plate used as a winding core cylinder. Reference numeral 22 denotes a cross catalyst cloth, which is alternately overlapped with the second metallic porous thin plate 23 and wound around the metallic porous thin plate 21 in a roll shape.
[0012]
More specifically, in FIG. 2, the first metallic porous thin plate 21 used as the core tube is a punched metal plate that is opened on a nickel flat plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm so that the opening ratio is 25%. It is rounded into a cylinder. Then, the cloth obtained by alternately stacking the cloth catalyst cloth 22 carrying Pt on the surface and the second metal porous thin plate 23 which is the expanded metal lath plate made of nickel steel shown in the first embodiment is used twice. A plurality of turns were rolled into a roll shape, and one turn of the cross catalyst cloth 22 was separately sandwiched between the first metallic porous thin plate 21 and the second metallic porous thin plate 23.
[0013]
In the present embodiment, the catalyst body integrated by sandwiching the cross catalyst between the nickel expanded metal lath plates in this manner is mounted on the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine and used as an exhaust purification device for the internal combustion engine.
[0014]
The first metallic perforated thin plate 21 and the second metallic perforated thin plate 23 may be chromium steel instead of nickel steel. Further, the first metallic perforated thin plate 21 may be an expanded metal lath plate instead of the punching metal plate. The second metallic perforated thin plate 23 may be a punching metal plate instead of the expanded metal lath plate.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be described.
[0016]
By using nickel steel or chrome steel as a material for the metallic perforated thin plates 11, 13, 21, and 23 which are holding materials for holding the cross catalysts 12 and 22, the mechanical holding of the cross catalysts 12 and 22 is inherent. In addition to the fixing function, in addition to the oxidation / reduction reaction function of nickel and chromium itself, stable metal characteristics are maintained even in a high-temperature atmosphere exceeding 800 ° C., and the mechanical properties for the sandwiched cross catalysts 11 and 22 are maintained. The shape can be held for a long time without any damage. From this, as a result, the long-time reaction maintenance, mechanical damage alleviation, and reaction inhibition of the entire catalyst body are suppressed. Furthermore, the configuration and operation effects of the present embodiment make it possible to mount the catalyst in the exhaust manifold in the highest temperature range of the exhaust system, which has been impossible technically until now.
[0017]
Furthermore, the effect by the effect | action of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is demonstrated.
[0018]
Table 1 shows a comparison of the CO oxidation reaction between the first embodiment using nickel and chromium steel as a holding material and a comparative example using SUS steel as a holding material. In the comparative example, SUS steel is used for the metallic perforated thin plate, and the same method as in the first embodiment is used. Here, CO 0.1 vol% gas with air balance was used as the reaction gas, and the space velocity was 50 × 10 4 / h in a normal flow reactor. In both the examples and the comparative examples, samples heated at 850 ° C. × 0H, 100H, and 1000H in the atmosphere were used as samples.
[Table 1]
Figure 0004352677
[0019]
Table 2 shows the results under the same conditions as in Table 1 with the configuration of the second embodiment. In the comparative example, SUS steel was used for the metallic perforated thin plate, and the comparative example was prepared by the same method as in the second embodiment.
[Table 2]
Figure 0004352677
[0020]
Table 3 shows the results of reaction evaluation after the same sample as used in Table 2 was placed on a sieve tester for 0, 10, 50H.
[Table 3]
Figure 0004352677
[0021]
As shown in Tables 1 to 3 , all results are heated for a longer time when the catalyst is held by the Ni steel holding plate or the Cr steel holding plate in the present embodiment than by the method of holding the SUS steel of the comparative example. Later, it was found that the saturation purification rate was large.
[0022]
As is clear from the above results, the method according to the first or second embodiment can maximize the effect of the cross catalyst. That is, the biggest problem in using a cross catalyst as a purification catalyst for automobiles is the holding mechanism. For this reason, despite many improvements made so far, there remains anxiety over long-term use at high temperatures. Most of this anxiety was maintaining the reaction at a high temperature exceeding 850 ° C. accompanied by severe vibration.
[0023]
In the present invention, as a result of thorough reexamination of the conventional holding structure, nickel and chromium steel having a reaction function, mechanical properties are not inferior even at a high temperature exceeding 850 ° C., and themselves are highly flexible are retained. The point is to use the material. With this configuration, even when the cross catalyst is used at a high temperature, the mechanical damage and the reaction inhibition accompanying the generation of scale, etc., which have been generated conventionally, can be alleviated.
[0024]
Furthermore, the configuration according to the embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to mount the catalyst in the exhaust manifold, which has heretofore been impossible technically. One steel nickel and chromium to oxidize CO and HC in an air atmosphere at 400 to 600 ° C., the reduction of NO X is in a low oxygen atmosphere HC content. The reactivity increases as the temperature increases, and the reactivity of the cross catalyst is not inferior in an atmosphere exceeding 800 ° C. In particular, it was found that the more the area occupied by the metal portion in the cut surface, such as a punching metal plate or an expanded metal lath plate, the more reactive.
Furthermore, since the nickel plate has good metal malleability and good flexibility, the mechanical damage degree of the cross catalyst when sandwiched between the metal plates cannot be compared with that of ordinary heat-resistant steel (SUS, etc.). The degree of mechanical damage under a high-temperature atmosphere was remarkably improved at 850 ° C to 900 ° C.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by holding the cross catalyst with nickel steel or chromium steel, it is possible to have the function of complementing the mechanical and reaction life of the cross catalyst, thereby providing an excellent purification function of the internal combustion engine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
11, 13 Metallic perforated thin plate 21 First metallic perforated thin plate 23 Second metallic perforated thin plate 12, 22 Cross catalyst

Claims (1)

触媒物質を表面に担持してなる無機繊維質織布状のクロス触媒を、ニッケル鋼またはクロム鋼のエキスパンドメタルラス板もしくはパンチングメタルからなる開口率が25%ないし45%である2枚の金属質有孔薄板により挟持して円筒状に加工して一体とした触媒体を内燃機関の排気系に装着した内燃機関用排気浄化装置。An inorganic fibrous woven cloth-like catalyst having a catalyst material supported on its surface is made of two metallic materials having an opening ratio of 25% to 45% made of an expanded metal lath plate or punching metal of nickel steel or chromium steel. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which an integrated catalyst body that is sandwiched by a thin hole plate and processed into a cylindrical shape is attached to an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.
JP2002279299A 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related JP4352677B2 (en)

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