JP2004116360A - Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004116360A
JP2004116360A JP2002279299A JP2002279299A JP2004116360A JP 2004116360 A JP2004116360 A JP 2004116360A JP 2002279299 A JP2002279299 A JP 2002279299A JP 2002279299 A JP2002279299 A JP 2002279299A JP 2004116360 A JP2004116360 A JP 2004116360A
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Prior art keywords
metal
catalyst
combustion engine
internal combustion
plate
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JP2002279299A
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JP4352677B2 (en
JP2004116360A5 (en
Inventor
Kenkichi Hiraki
平木 謙吉
Jun Yagi
八木 順
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a retention member with a function to compensate mechanical strength and reactive-life of cloth catalyst. <P>SOLUTION: This exhaust emission control device is constructed by fitting, onto an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, a catalyst body integrated by combining the inorganic fabric cloth catalyst holding a catalyst substance on its surface with a metallic pored sheet plate having a reactive function. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車等の内燃機関から排出される燃焼排気ガスの浄化装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車等の内燃機関から排出される排気ガスの浄化には、従来よりハニカム状セラミック触媒やメタル触媒が実用に供されている。一方、クロス触媒体を有孔パンチング円筒に巻きつけたものをケースに収納してなる触媒装置が開示されている。これはクロス触媒で排気ガスの被浄化成分を反応減少し、かつ排気ガスの温度を上昇せしめることで後段の触媒装置での反応浄化効率を向上せしめることを目的としているものもある。(例えば特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平1−249915号公報(図1)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記した従来例では、無機ガラス質の織布の表面に触媒を担持したクロス触媒と、このクロス触媒を機械的に保持する目的のために有孔金属筒に巻回した構成となっている。無機ガラス質でなる織布基材は通常のガラス繊維織布に比べればはるかに高温度での使用に耐えるものであるが、それでも長期の使用に対しては800℃近辺での使用が望まれる。このような使用のもとでは排気ガス圧の変動や車体の振動に伴う排気系の振動等、機械的な負荷が大きい。このためにクロス触媒を使うに当たっては、クロス触媒を機械的に固定して外振動による不要な負荷、特に屈曲を伴う応力がかからないよう、またクロス触媒織布のズレに伴う対保持部材(金属筒等)との擦れ磨耗などに対する手段が必要である。さらには保持金属部材の高温雰囲気下での酸化にともない発生する金属スケ−ルによるクロス触媒表面への付着で触媒反応ブロッキングを起こし、触媒被毒と反応阻害が実質的な触媒作用の経年劣化となって、排気ガス浄化の特性劣化さらには浄化不能状況を呈するという課題があった。
【0005】
すなわち、クロス触媒は可とう性に富むが、それ自体では高温下での機械的負荷に弱いため、装着場所を選ばざるを得ず、クロス触媒の機械的また反応寿命的に補完する機能を兼ね備える保持材を必要としていた。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、触媒物質を表面に担持してなる無機繊維質織布状のクロス触媒と、反応機能を有する金属質有孔薄板とを組み合わせて一体とした触媒体を内燃機関の排気系に装着した内燃機関用排気浄化装置を提供するものであり、クロス触媒を保持する金属質有孔薄板は、COやHCまたNOxの浄化反応機能を有するニッケル鋼もしくはクロム鋼でなるパンチングメタルまたはエキスパンドメタルラス板もしくは網板にしたものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
(実施の形態1)
図1は本発明の実施の形態1における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示すものであり、11は、巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板、12は巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板11に巻きつけたクロス触媒布、13はクロス触媒12に外側にさらに巻きつけた金属質有孔薄板を示す。
【0008】
さらに詳しく説明すると、図1において、巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板11は、厚さ0.3mmのニッケル平板に、開口率が45%となるように、千鳥に切り目をあけ、板の長手方向に延伸可能とする菱形の同形有孔を設けたニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板を円筒にまるめた巻き芯筒としている。そしてその巻き芯筒として用いる金属質有孔薄板11に、Ptを表面に担持したクロス触媒布12を2回巻きつけ、さらにその外側に金属質有孔薄板11と同等のニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板である金属質有孔薄板13を巻いている。
【0009】
本実施の形態では、このようにしてクロス触媒をニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板で挟持することで一体化した触媒体を、内燃機関の排気系に装着し、内燃機関用排気浄化装置として用いる。
【0010】
なお、本実施の形態においては、金属質有孔薄板11はニッケル製のエキスパンドメタルラス板を用いたが、クロム材であっても良い。また、エキスパンドメタルラス板の代わりに。パンチングメタルまたは網板であっても良い。
【0011】
(実施の形態2)
図2は、本実施の形態における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示すものであり、21は巻き芯筒として用いる第1の金属質有孔薄板を示す。また22はクロス触媒布であり、第2の金属質有孔薄板23と交互に重ね、金属質有孔薄板21にロール状に巻いてある。
【0012】
さらに詳しく説明すると、図2において、巻き芯筒として用いる第1の金属質有孔薄板21は、厚さ0.3mmのニッケル平板に、開口率が25%となるように、開口したパンチングメタル板で円筒に丸めてある。そして、Ptを表面に担持したクロス触媒布22と、実施の形態1で示したニッケル鋼でなるエキスパンドメタルラス板である第2の金属質有孔薄板23とを交互に重ねたものを、2回以上複数回巻回してロール状にし、クロス触媒布22の一巻きをそれぞれ別個に第1の金属質有孔薄板および第2の金属質有孔薄板23で挟持した。
【0013】
本実施の形態では、このようにしてクロス触媒をニッケルエキスパンドメタルラス板で挟持することで一体化した触媒体を、内燃機関の排気系に装着し、内燃機関用排気浄化装置として用いる。
【0014】
なお、第1の金属質有孔薄板21、第2の金属質有孔薄板23は、ニッケル鋼の変わりにクロム鋼でもよい。また、第1の金属質有孔薄板21はパンチングメタル板の代わりに、エキスパンドメタルラス板または網板であっても良い。また、第2の金属質有孔薄板23はエキスパンドメタルラス板の代わりに、パンチングメタル板または網板であっても良い。
【0015】
次に、実施の形態1および実施の形態2の作用について説明する。
【0016】
クロス触媒12、22を挟持する保持材である金属質有孔薄板11、13、21、23の素材として、ニッケル鋼またはクロム鋼を使うことで、クロス触媒12、22の機械的保持が本来の固定機能のほかに、ニッケルやクロムそのものの酸化・還元反応機能に加え、800℃を超える高温雰囲気下においても、安定した金属特性が維持され、挟持しているクロス触媒11、22に対する機械的な損傷を加えることなく形状を長時間保持することができる。このことから、結果として、触媒体全体としての長時間反応維持と機械的損傷緩和また反応阻害を抑制する。さらに、本実施の形態の構成と作用効果により、これまで技術的に不可能であった排気系で最も高温域にあるエキゾ−ストマニホルド内への触媒装着が可能となった。
【0017】
さらに、実施の形態1および実施の形態2の作用による効果について説明する。
【0018】
表1は、ニッケルとクロム鋼を保持材とした実施の形態1と比較として従来より使われてきたSUS鋼を保持材とした比較例とのCO酸化反応比較である。比較例は金属質有孔薄板にSUS鋼を用い、実施の形態1と同様の方法で作成したものである。ここで、被反応ガスには空気バランスのCO0.1vol%ガスを用い、通常の流通式反応装置で空間速度50×10/hの条件とした。また実施例と比較例はともに大気中850℃×0H,100H、1000Hそれぞれ加熱したものをサンプルとした。
【表1】

Figure 2004116360
【0019】
表2は、実施の形態2の構成で、表1と同じ条件での結果を示したものである。なお、比較例は金属質有孔薄板にSUS鋼を用い、実施の形態2と同様の方法で作成したものである。
【表2】
Figure 2004116360
【0020】
表3は、表2で使ったものと同じサンプルを、ふるいしんとう試験機に0、10、50H架けた後の反応評価結果である。
【表3】
Figure 2004116360
【0021】
表1から表さに示すように、いずれの結果も、本実施の形態におけるNi鋼保持板またはCr鋼保持板で触媒を保持した方が、比較例のSUS鋼で保持する方法より長時間加熱後の飽和浄化率が大きいことが分かった。
【0022】
以上の結果から明らかなように、本実施の形態1または2による方法は、クロス触媒の効果を最大限引き出すものである。すなわち、クロス触媒を自動車用浄化触媒として使用するのに、最も大きな問題がその保持機構であった。このためこれまでにも幾多の改善がなされてきたにもかかわらず、高温下での長時間使用に不安が残った。この不安のほとんどが苛酷な振動を伴う850℃を越える高温下での反応維持であった。
【0023】
本発明ではこれまでの保持構成を徹底して再検討した結果、反応機能を有し、850℃を超える高温下でも機械特性が劣らず、それ自体が可とう性に富むニッケルやクロム鋼を保持材にしたことがポイントである。この構成により、クロス触媒を高温下で使用する場合にも、従来発生していた機械的損傷や、スケール発生等に伴う反応阻害を緩和できた。
【0024】
さらに、本発明の実施の形態による構成により、これまで技術的に不可能であったエキゾ−ストマニホルド内への触媒装着が可能となった。ニッケルやクロムの綱材は400〜600℃の空気雰囲気中でCOやHCを酸化する一方、HC含有の低酸素雰囲気中ではNOxを還元する。そしてこの反応性は高温になるほど高まり、800℃を超える雰囲気ではクロス触媒の反応性に劣らない程度を示す。特に、パンチングメタル板やエキスパンドメタルラス板のように金属切断面の占める面積が多いほど、反応性に富むこともわかった。さらに、ニッケル板は金属展性がよく、可とう性もよいために、この金属板で挟持したときのクロス触媒の機械的損傷度は、通常の耐熱鋼(SUS等)と比べれば比較にならないほど少なく、高温雰囲気下の機械的損傷度は850℃〜900℃で顕著に改善がみられた。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、ニッケル鋼またはクロム鋼で、クロス触媒を保持することにより、クロス触媒の機械的また反応寿命的に補完する機能を兼ね備えることができ、内燃機関の優れた浄化機能をもたらす。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態1における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示す図
【図2】本発明の実施の形態2における内燃機関用排気浄化装置を示す図
【符号の説明】
11、13  金属質有孔薄板
21  第1の金属質有孔薄板
23  第1の金属質有孔薄板
12、22  クロス触媒[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device for purifying combustion exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine of an automobile or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For purification of exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine of an automobile or the like, a honeycomb-shaped ceramic catalyst or a metal catalyst has been conventionally put to practical use. On the other hand, there is disclosed a catalyst device in which a cloth catalyst body wound around a perforated punching cylinder is housed in a case. In some cases, the purpose of this is to reduce the reaction of components to be purified of exhaust gas by a cross catalyst and to increase the temperature of exhaust gas to thereby improve the reaction purification efficiency in a subsequent catalyst device. (See, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A 1-249915 (FIG. 1)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional example, the cross catalyst has a structure in which a catalyst is supported on the surface of an inorganic glassy woven fabric, and is wound around a perforated metal cylinder for the purpose of mechanically holding the cross catalyst. I have. The woven base material made of inorganic glass can withstand use at a much higher temperature than ordinary glass fiber woven fabric, but it is still desirable to use it at around 800 ° C. for long-term use. . Under such use, mechanical loads such as fluctuations in exhaust gas pressure and vibrations of the exhaust system due to vibrations of the vehicle body are large. Therefore, when using the cross catalyst, the cross catalyst is mechanically fixed so that unnecessary loads due to external vibrations, especially stresses accompanying bending, are not applied. And other means for rubbing and abrasion. Furthermore, the metal scale generated by the oxidation of the holding metal member in a high-temperature atmosphere causes the catalytic reaction to be blocked due to the adhesion to the surface of the cross-catalyst. As a result, there is a problem that the characteristics of the exhaust gas purification deteriorate and the purification cannot be performed.
[0005]
In other words, although the cross catalyst is rich in flexibility, it has a function to complement the mechanical and reaction life of the cross catalyst, because it is weak in mechanical load at high temperature by itself, so it has to be selected where it is installed. A holding material was needed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a catalyst body integrally formed by combining an inorganic fibrous woven cloth catalyst having a catalyst material supported on the surface thereof, and a metal perforated thin plate having a reaction function. The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine mounted on an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The metal porous thin plate holding the cross catalyst is made of nickel steel or chromium steel having a CO, HC or NOx purification reaction function. Or an expanded metal lath plate or net plate.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 11 denotes a metal perforated thin plate used as a core tube, and 12 denotes a metal perforated thin plate 11 used as a core tube. Reference numeral 13 denotes a metal perforated thin plate further wound around the cloth catalyst 12 outside.
[0008]
More specifically, in FIG. 1, the perforated metal thin plate 11 used as a core tube is cut in a zigzag pattern on a nickel flat plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm so that the aperture ratio becomes 45%. A nickel expanded metal lath plate provided with a diamond-shaped perforated hole capable of being stretched in the longitudinal direction is formed into a cylindrical core. Then, a cross-catalyst cloth 12 carrying Pt on its surface is wound twice around the perforated metal sheet 11 used as the core tube, and a nickel expanded metal lath plate equivalent to the perforated metal sheet 11 is further outside. The metal perforated thin plate 13 is wound.
[0009]
In the present embodiment, the catalyst body integrated by sandwiching the cross catalyst between the nickel expanded metal lath plates in this manner is mounted on an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and used as an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
[0010]
In this embodiment, the metal perforated thin plate 11 is a nickel expanded metal lath plate, but may be a chromium material. Also, instead of an expanded metal lath plate. It may be a punching metal or a net plate.
[0011]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 2 shows an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment. Reference numeral 21 denotes a first metal-made perforated thin plate used as a core tube. Reference numeral 22 denotes a cloth catalyst cloth, which is alternately overlapped with the second perforated thin metal plate 23 and wound around the perforated thin metal plate 21 in a roll shape.
[0012]
More specifically, in FIG. 2, a first perforated thin metal plate 21 used as a core tube is formed by punching a metal plate having an opening ratio of 25% on a 0.3 mm-thick nickel flat plate. It is rolled into a cylinder. A cross-catalyst cloth 22 carrying Pt on its surface and a second metal-perforated thin plate 23 which is an expanded metal lath plate made of nickel steel shown in Embodiment 1 are alternately stacked twice. A plurality of windings were performed to form a roll, and one turn of the cross catalyst cloth 22 was separately sandwiched between the first metallic perforated thin plate 23 and the second metallic perforated thin plate 23.
[0013]
In the present embodiment, the catalyst body integrated by sandwiching the cross catalyst between the nickel expanded metal lath plates in this manner is mounted on an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and used as an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
[0014]
The first metallic perforated thin plate 21 and the second metallic perforated thin plate 23 may be made of chrome steel instead of nickel steel. Further, the first metallic perforated thin plate 21 may be an expanded metal lath plate or a net plate instead of the punched metal plate. Further, the second metallic perforated thin plate 23 may be a perforated metal plate or a net plate instead of the expanded metal lath plate.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the first and second embodiments will be described.
[0016]
By using nickel steel or chromium steel as the material of the metal perforated thin plates 11, 13, 21, and 23, which are holding materials for sandwiching the cross catalysts 12, 22, mechanical holding of the cross catalysts 12, 22 can be performed originally. In addition to the fixing function, in addition to the oxidation / reduction reaction function of nickel or chromium itself, even under a high-temperature atmosphere exceeding 800 ° C., stable metal properties are maintained, and mechanical properties for the sandwiched cross catalysts 11 and 22 are maintained. The shape can be maintained for a long time without damage. As a result, as a result, the reaction is maintained for a long period of time as a whole of the catalyst body, the mechanical damage is reduced, and the reaction inhibition is suppressed. Further, the configuration and the operation and effect of the present embodiment make it possible to mount the catalyst in the exhaust manifold at the highest temperature in the exhaust system, which was technically impossible so far.
[0017]
Further, the effect of the operation of the first and second embodiments will be described.
[0018]
Table 1 shows a comparison of a CO oxidation reaction with a comparative example using SUS steel as a holding material, which has been conventionally used, as a comparison with Embodiment 1 using nickel and chromium steel as a holding material. In the comparative example, SUS steel was used for the metal-made perforated thin plate, and it was prepared in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Here, an air-balanced gas of 0.1% by volume of CO was used as a gas to be reacted, and a condition of a space velocity of 50 × 10 4 / h was used in a usual flow-type reactor. In each of the examples and the comparative examples, samples heated in the atmosphere at 850 ° C. × 0H, 100H, and 1000H were used.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004116360
[0019]
Table 2 shows the result of the configuration of the second embodiment under the same conditions as in Table 1. In the comparative example, SUS steel was used for the metallic perforated thin plate, and it was prepared in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
[Table 2]
Figure 2004116360
[0020]
Table 3 shows the results of the reaction evaluation after the same samples used in Table 2 were placed on a sieve tester for 0, 10, and 50 hours.
[Table 3]
Figure 2004116360
[0021]
As shown in Table 1 to Table 1, in all of the results, the case where the catalyst was held by the Ni steel holding plate or the Cr steel holding plate in the present embodiment was heated for a longer time than the method of holding by the SUS steel of the comparative example. It was found that the subsequent saturation purification rate was large.
[0022]
As is evident from the above results, the method according to the first or second embodiment maximizes the effect of the cross catalyst. That is, the biggest problem in using the cross catalyst as an automobile purification catalyst is the holding mechanism. For this reason, there have been concerns about long-time use at high temperatures despite many improvements. Most of this concern was sustained reaction at temperatures above 850 ° C. with severe vibration.
[0023]
In the present invention, as a result of thoroughly reexamining the holding structure up to now, it has a reaction function, retains mechanical properties even at high temperatures exceeding 850 ° C., and holds nickel or chromium steel which is itself highly flexible. The point is that we made the material. With this configuration, even when the cloth catalyst is used at a high temperature, it is possible to alleviate the conventional mechanical damage and the reaction inhibition caused by the scale generation and the like.
[0024]
Further, the configuration according to the embodiment of the present invention enables the catalyst to be mounted in the exhaust manifold, which was not technically possible until now. Nickel and chromium steels oxidize CO and HC in an air atmosphere at 400 to 600 ° C., while reducing NOx in a low oxygen atmosphere containing HC. This reactivity increases as the temperature increases, and shows an extent that the reactivity of the cross catalyst is not inferior in an atmosphere exceeding 800 ° C. In particular, it was also found that the larger the area occupied by the cut metal surface, such as a punched metal plate and an expanded metal lath plate, the higher the reactivity. Furthermore, since the nickel plate has good metal malleability and good flexibility, the degree of mechanical damage of the cross catalyst when sandwiched between the metal plates is incomparable with that of ordinary heat-resistant steel (SUS, etc.). The degree of mechanical damage under a high-temperature atmosphere was remarkably improved at 850 ° C to 900 ° C.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by holding the cross catalyst with nickel steel or chromium steel, it is possible to have a function of complementing the mechanical and reaction life of the cross catalyst, and to provide an excellent purification function of the internal combustion engine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
11, 13 metal perforated thin plate 21 first metal perforated thin plate 23 first metal perforated thin plate 12, 22 cross catalyst

Claims (5)

触媒物質を表面に担持してなる無機繊維質織布状のクロス触媒と、金属鋼からなる金属質有孔薄板とを組み合わせて一体とした触媒体を内燃機関の排気系に装着した内燃機関用排気浄化装置。For an internal combustion engine equipped with an integrated catalyst body mounted on the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine by combining an inorganic fibrous woven cloth cross catalyst carrying a catalytic substance on its surface and a metallic perforated thin plate made of metal steel Exhaust gas purification device. 触媒体は、少なくとも1枚以上のクロス触媒を複数枚の金属質有孔薄板で挟持し、円筒状に加工した請求項1記載の内燃機関用排気浄化装置。2. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst body is formed by holding at least one or more cross catalysts between a plurality of metal perforated thin plates and processing them into a cylindrical shape. 触媒体は、第1の金属質有孔薄板を巻芯とし、前記第1の金属質有孔薄板にクロス触媒と第2の金属質有孔薄板を交互に重ねたものを巻回し、ロ−ル状にした請求項1記載の内燃機関用触媒装置。The catalyst body is formed by winding a first metal perforated thin plate having a core as a core and a cross catalyst and a second metal perforated thin plate alternately stacked on the first metal perforated thin plate. The catalyst device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst device is formed in a ring shape. 金属質有孔薄板は、ニッケル鋼のエキスパンドメタルラス板もしくはパンチングメタル又は網板である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用触媒装置。The catalyst device for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metallic porous thin plate is an expanded metal lath plate, a punched metal, or a mesh plate of nickel steel. 金属質有孔薄板は、クロム鋼のエキスパンドメタルラス板もしくはパンチングメタル又は網板である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用触媒装置。The catalyst device for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal-made perforated thin plate is an expanded metal lath plate, a perforated metal, or a mesh plate of chromium steel.
JP2002279299A 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related JP4352677B2 (en)

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