JP4352116B2 - Injection battery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid injection type battery having excellent liquid injection properties.

As an example of a conventional general injection type battery, one described in Patent Document 1 can be cited. The liquid injection type battery will be described with reference to FIG.
In the liquid injection type battery 90 of FIG. 9, an outer case 91 accommodates an inner case 92 made of a cylindrical resin molded body, and the inner case 92 made of the cylindrical resin molded body has a donut-shaped power generation. A central cavity portion 94 that covers the portion 93 and accommodates an ampoule 95 in which an electrolytic solution is enclosed is provided. In the power generation unit 93, a large number of single cells are stacked, and the single cells are connected in series.

  Such a conventional liquid injection type battery is mounted on, for example, a flying body, and when the flying body is fired, the ampoule enclosing the electrolyte is destroyed by the impact of the launch. Furthermore, the launched flying object rotates, that is, the liquid injection type battery that is mounted rotates, and the electrolyte flows into the power generation unit by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the liquid injection type battery, and the battery is activated. A voltage is generated. In the liquid injection type battery of FIG. 9, a liquid inlet is provided in a predetermined region of the inner case that divides the central cavity and the power generation unit so as to occupy almost the entire region, and the electrolyte is supplied to all the single cells. I am trying to be injected.

  Conventionally, in order to facilitate the destruction of an ampoule due to an impact, an ampoule breaking mechanism for breaking the ampoule is provided in the battery (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In recent years, there has been a demand for miniaturization of flying objects, and accordingly, there is a demand for miniaturization of liquid injection type batteries mounted on the flying objects. However, since the conventional battery as described above has a large total battery height and battery outer shape, such a conventional battery cannot be mounted on a small flying object or the like. In recent years, the volume of the battery is smaller than that of conventional liquid injection type batteries by about ½, that is, the number of single cells constituting the power generation unit is small, and can be injected into the power generation unit with a small amount of electrolyte. There is a need for a liquid battery.

Furthermore, in order to activate the conventional battery, as described above, impact and rotation are required. That is, an electromotive force cannot be obtained only by destroying the ampule by impact, and it is necessary to rotate the battery to generate a centrifugal force and move the electrolyte solution to the power generation unit by the force. However, recently, there is a demand for a liquid injection type battery as a power supply unit that is activated in a short time without a rotation in order to move the electrolytic solution to the power generation unit, and only by the impact of launch.
JP 2001-236944 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-11808

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid-injected battery that is smaller than the prior art and that can be activated in a short period of time only by the impact of firing without requiring rotation.

The present invention
(1) Ampoule enclosing electrolyte,
(2) Power generation unit,
(3) The present invention relates to a liquid injection type battery including a structure having a first housing part for housing the ampoule and a second housing part for housing the power generation unit. The structure includes a connecting portion disposed between the first housing portion and the second housing portion, and the connecting portion includes an ampule breaking mechanism for breaking the ampule, the first housing portion, and the second housing. At least one liquid injection path communicating with the unit. The total cross-sectional area of the at least one injection channel is 15 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule.

  In the liquid injection type battery, it is preferable that a net-like member having a 1 to 3.5 mm square mesh is provided in at least one liquid injection path.

  In the liquid injection type battery, the total cross-sectional area of at least one liquid injection path is more preferably 70 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule.

  In the liquid injection type battery, it is preferable that the connecting portion is removable from the structure.

  In the liquid injection type battery, the ampoule breaking mechanism is preferably a protrusion.

  According to the present invention, even when the battery does not rotate, the electrolyte solution quickly moves to the power generation unit, so that the liquid injection type battery can be activated in a short time from the application of the impact.

  An injection type battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Here, FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the injection type battery 10 as seen from the front, and FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the injection type battery 10 as seen from the side. In addition, the external shape of the injection type battery 10 is not specifically limited. For example, the outer shape of the injection type battery can be a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like.

In the injection type battery 10, a structure 12 is disposed in a case 11, and the structure 12 houses a first housing portion 13 for housing an ampoule 15 enclosing an electrolytic solution, and a power generation portion 16. It has the 2nd accommodating part 14 for doing. Between the 1st accommodating part 13 and the 2nd accommodating part 14, the connection part 17 is provided as a part of structure. The connecting portion 17 may be integrated with the structure 12 or may be detachable. The connecting portion 17 has a conical ampule breaking mechanism 18 on the first housing portion 13 side. Further, the connecting portion 17 has at least one (four in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) liquid injection path 19 that allows the first storage portion 13 and the second storage portion 14 to communicate with each other.
Moreover, the said injection | pouring type battery 10 receives the inertial force of the direction of the arrow shown by FIG. 2 by the impact at the time of discharge.

  Temporary lids 20 are disposed on the upper portion of the first accommodating portion 13 and the lower portion of the second accommodating portion 14 so that the electrolyte does not leak to the outside. Between the case 11 and the structure 12, lead wires 22a and 22b for connecting the output terminals 21a and 21b and the power generation unit 2 are arranged. In addition, a lid 23 is provided on the upper portion of the temporary lid 20 on the first accommodating portion 13 side, and the opening of the case 11 is sealed by the lid 23.

As the case 11 and the structural body 12, for example, those made of stainless steel can be used.
As the temporary lid | cover 20, what consists of metal plates, such as an iron plate and a plated steel plate, can be used, for example.
As the lid | cover 23, what consists of resin, such as polyethylene, can be used, for example.
As the output terminals 21a and 21b and the leads 22a and 22b, those made of materials known in the art can be used.

Next, the power generation unit 16 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Here, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the power generation unit 16.
The power generation unit 16 includes a plurality of single cells configured by alternately stacking separators 31 and electrode plates 32.

As the separator 31, a material known in the art, for example, a material made of paper or the like can be used.
As the electrode plate 32, as shown in FIG. 3, a material in which the positive electrode 32b is supported on one surface of the substrate 32a and the negative electrode 32c is supported on the other surface is used. Here, as the base material 32a, a material known in the art, for example, a material made of a plated steel plate or the like can be used. Moreover, the positive electrode 32b and the negative electrode 32c can use the combination of various materials. For example, as the positive electrode 32b, a material known in the art, for example, a material containing lead dioxide or the like can be used. As the negative electrode 32c, a material known in the art, for example, a material containing lead or the like can be used.
Moreover, the electrolyte solution sealed in the ampoule is appropriately selected according to the combination of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. For example, when the positive electrode contains lead dioxide and the negative electrode contains lead, an electrolyte solution made of a perchloric acid aqueous solution or the like can be used.
A single cell 33 is composed of the positive electrode 32b, the separator 31, and the negative electrode 32c.

  Further, from the viewpoint of ease of impregnation of the electrolytic solution into the entire power generation unit, the power generation unit 16 is configured such that the traveling direction of the electrolytic solution in the liquid injection path and the lamination of the single cells 33 are shown in FIG. It is preferable that the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode constituting the single cell 33 are arranged in the second accommodating portion so that the directions intersect with each other, that is, the side surfaces of the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode are directed toward the liquid injection path.

Next, the connecting portion will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 4 shows a top view of the connecting portion 17 having four liquid injection paths. In FIG. 4, a circle 41 indicated by a dotted line indicates the range of the cross section of the ampoule.
The ampoule breaking mechanism 18 is positioned substantially at the center of a circle 41 indicating the range of the cross section of the ampoule, and four liquid injection paths 19 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the circle 41 with respect to the ampoule breaking mechanism.

Since the conical ampule breaking mechanism 18 is disposed on the first housing portion side of the connecting portion 17, the ampule 15 is easily broken when an inertial force in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 2 is applied. Become.
The ampoule breaking mechanism is preferably a conical protrusion because it makes it easy to break the ampoule. However, the ampoule breaking mechanism is not limited to such a shape, and any shape that can break the ampoule can be used. The thing of such a shape can also be used. Further, the position of the ampoule breaking mechanism may be appropriately changed within the range as long as the ampoule can be broken.

  After the ampule 15 is broken, the electrolytic solution sealed in the ampule passes through at least one liquid injection path provided in the connecting portion and moves to the power generation portion. At this time, since the inside of the battery is hermetically sealed, it is necessary to discharge the air corresponding to the volume of the electrolyte flowing into the second housing portion 14 to another place. In the liquid injection type battery according to the present embodiment, the air to be discharged from the second storage portion 14 is discharged to the first storage portion through the exhaust passage 24. As shown in FIG. 4, the connecting portion 17 is provided with an exhaust hole 42 communicating with the exhaust passage 24. The same applies to FIG. 5 described below.

Here, the total cross-sectional area of the at least one injection channel is 15 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule. That is, in the present invention, the lower limit of the total cross-sectional area of at least one liquid injection path is set to 15% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule, the liquid injection path is increased, and the liquid injection speed is increased. By setting the total cross-sectional area of the liquid injection path to 15% or more of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule, the liquid injection speed is significantly improved.
In the case where an ampoule breaking mechanism is provided at the connecting portion, it is difficult to make the total cross-sectional area of at least one liquid injection path larger than 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule due to structural limitations.

  In this way, the injection speed can be improved by increasing the cross-sectional area of the injection path. Moreover, the ampoule can be easily broken by providing the ampoule breaking mechanism on the first housing portion side of the connecting portion. Therefore, due to these synergistic effects, it is possible to greatly shorten the rise time until the injection battery reaches a predetermined voltage.

  Further, when the diameter of each liquid injection path or the cross-sectional area of each liquid injection path is large in the connecting portion 17, the broken fine fragments of the ampule pass through the liquid injection path and move to the power generation section. There is a case. In order to collect such fine debris, as shown in FIG. 5, it is preferable that a mesh member 51 having a 1 mm to 3.5 mm square mesh can be provided inside the liquid injection path. When the mesh size of the mesh member is smaller than 1 mm square, the electrolyte does not easily flow to the power generation unit. If the mesh size is larger than 3.5 mm square, the broken fine pieces of the ampoule may move to the power generation unit without being collected by the mesh member.

For example, when the number of liquid injection paths provided in the connecting portion is small and the opening per one is large, the total of the cross-sectional areas of the liquid injection paths is 70 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampule. Is preferably provided with a mesh member as described above. This is to prevent the broken pieces of the ampoule from interfering with the liquid injection path and the power generation unit, that is, the electrolyte flowing into the power generation unit.
Or when the cross-sectional area of one injection path becomes larger than 44.6 mm < ² >, you may provide a net-like member in the injection path. This is for the same reason as described above.

  The number of liquid injection channels provided in the connecting portion is determined by a desired ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the liquid injection channel to the cross-sectional area of the ampoule, the diameter of the liquid injection channel, and the like. For example, when the diameter of the injection channel or the cross-sectional area of the injection channel is small, it is necessary to provide a plurality of injection channels so that the total cross-sectional area of the injection channel with respect to the cross-sectional area of the ampoule becomes a desired ratio. . When the diameter of the liquid injection path is large, even if there is only one liquid injection path, the total cross-sectional area of the liquid injection path relative to the cross-sectional area of the ampoule can be set to a desired ratio. The caliber increases. Therefore, as described above, it is preferable to provide a net-like member in the liquid injection path to collect ampule fragments.

  Moreover, you may comprise the said connection part 17 from the mesh member which has the said 1mm-3.5mm square mesh. That is, you may comprise the whole connection part shown by FIG.4 and 5 from such a net-like member. Also in this case, the ampoule breaking mechanism is provided on the first housing portion side of the mesh member in the same manner as described above. In this mesh member, each mesh serves as an injection path.

The connecting portion 17 is preferably cartridge type, that is, removable. In this way, by making the connecting portion 17 removable, the connecting portion can be exchanged. At this time, it is possible to variously adjust the voltage rise time by preparing a plurality of connecting portions having different total cross-sectional areas of the liquid injection passage and replacing them appropriately. Also in this case, in order to quickly inject the liquid into the power generation unit, the total cross-sectional area of at least one liquid injection path provided in the plurality of connecting units is 15 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule. It is necessary to change between.
For example, in the case of the injection type battery shown in FIG. 1, the connecting portion 17 can be removed by pulling the connecting portion 17 from the structure 12 in the horizontal direction.

  As the connection part and the net-like member, those made of stainless steel or the like can be used.

(Battery 1)
A small injection type battery as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was produced.
As the power generation unit, a power generation unit composed of three single cells by alternately stacking paper separators and electrode plates was used. Here, the thickness of the electrode plate was 0.15 to 0.16 mm, the thickness of the separator was about 1.35 mm, and the thickness of the single cell was 1.5 mm. The lead wire thickness was 0.13 mm.
As shown in FIG. 3, the electrode plate is one in which a positive electrode made of lead dioxide is supported on one surface of a substrate made of a plated steel plate and a negative electrode made of lead is supported on the other surface. It was. And the electric power generation part was arrange | positioned in the 2nd accommodating part so that the side surface of each single cell might oppose a liquid injection path.
As the ampule, a glass ampoule in which an electrolytic solution made of a perchloric acid aqueous solution was enclosed was used.
As the case and the structure, those made of stainless steel (SUS303) were used. Moreover, as a connection part, what consists of stainless steel (SUS304) was used.

As the connecting portion, a connecting portion having four liquid injection paths as shown in FIG. 4 was used. Here, the cross-sectional area of each injection channel was 15% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule, and the total cross-sectional area of the injection channel was 61% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule.
The produced injection type battery was designated as battery 1.

(Battery 2)
A liquid injection type battery was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that a connecting part as shown in FIG. 5 was used as the connecting part. The obtained battery was designated as battery 2.
Here, the connecting portion has one injection channel, and the cross-sectional area of the injection channel was 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule. Further, a net-like member having a 1 mm square mesh was provided in the liquid injection path in order to collect fine fragments of the ampoule.

(Comparative battery 1)
As a comparison, a liquid injection type battery 60 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 was produced. In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the same number is attached | subjected to the component similar to FIG. 1 and FIG.
The liquid injection battery 10 and the liquid injection battery 60 are greatly different in the liquid injection path that communicates the first storage portion 13 and the second storage portion 14.
In the liquid injection type battery 60, one liquid injection path 61 is provided above each single cell constituting the power generation unit. That is, there are the same number of liquid injection paths and single cells, and the electrolytic solution is supplied to each single cell from the corresponding liquid injection paths. In this case, the total cross-sectional area of the injection channel is smaller than 15% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule due to structural limitations. Further, the comparative battery 1 does not have an ampoule breaking mechanism.

In this comparative example, similarly to the battery 1, a power generation unit composed of three single cells was used, and a structure having three liquid injection channels with a diameter of 1.0 mmφ was used. At this time, the total of the cross-sectional areas of the three injection channels was 3.7% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule.
The produced injection battery was designated as comparative battery 1.

(Conventional battery 1)
As a conventional battery, a liquid injection type battery as shown in FIG. 9 was produced.
In the injection type battery of FIG. 9, a cylindrical power generation unit was used. In the single cell constituting the cylindrical power generation unit, the same positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, and the like as the single cell used in the battery 1 were used. In the conventional battery 1, the power generation unit is configured using three single cells.
Also in this battery, a glass ampoule was used, and the same electrolyte solution as that used in the battery 1 was used.
The produced battery was designated as Conventional Battery 1.

  In addition, in the said batteries 1-2, the comparison battery 1, and the conventional battery 1, the nominal capacity (0.12 W * s) and the nominal voltage (4V) were made the same.

(Evaluation)
Using the batteries 1 and 2, the comparative battery 1 and the conventional battery 1 obtained as described above, these were evaluated as follows.
The glass ampule was broken by applying an impact of 10,000 G and applying an inertial force in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 2 without rotating each battery at room temperature. After the ampule was broken, the time (rise time) until reaching a predetermined voltage (4 V) was measured.
The obtained results are shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, in the conventional battery 1 (curve D) in which the battery needs to rotate, the battery voltage did not reach the predetermined voltage (4 V).
In comparison battery 1 (curve C), it took 10 ms or more to reach 4 V, but in battery 1 (curve B) and battery 2 (curve A), the voltage rose to 4 V within 5 ms. In this way, the total cross-sectional area of the liquid injection path is 15 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule, thereby improving the liquid injection speed without rotating the battery, that is, a predetermined voltage. It is possible to shorten the rise time until.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a liquid-injected battery that is smaller than the conventional battery that can be activated in a short time only by the impact of firing even when it does not rotate.

It is a figure which shows schematically the longitudinal cross-section when the injection type battery concerning one Embodiment of this invention is seen from the front. It is a figure showing roughly a longitudinal section when the injection type battery concerning one embodiment of the present invention is seen from the side. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows roughly the electric power generation part used for the injection type battery concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows roughly the connection part used for the injection type battery concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows roughly the connection part used for the injection type battery concerning another embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematically the longitudinal cross-section when the comparative battery 1 used in Example 1 is seen from the front. It is a figure which shows schematically the longitudinal cross-section when the comparative battery 1 used in Example 1 is seen from the side. 3 is a graph showing changes over time in battery voltage of batteries 1 and 2, comparative battery 1 or conventional battery 1; It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the conventional injection type battery roughly.

Explanation of symbols

10, 60, 90 Liquid injection type battery 11 Case 12 Structure 13 First storage part 14 Second storage part 15, 95 Ampoule 16, 93 Power generation part 17 Connection part 18 Ampoule breaking mechanism 19, 61 Liquid injection path 20 Temporary lid 21a , 21b Output terminal 22a, 22b Lead wire 23 Lid 24 Exhaust path 31 Separator 32 Electrode plate 32a Base material 32b Positive electrode 32c Negative electrode 33 Single cell 41 Circle indicating the cross-sectional range of the ampoule 42 Exhaust hole 51 Reticulated member 91 Outer case 92 Inside Case 94 Central cavity

Claims (5)

(1) Ampoule enclosing electrolyte,
(2) Power generation unit,
(3) A structure having a first housing part for housing the ampoule and a second housing part for housing the power generation unit,
The structure includes a connecting portion disposed between the first housing portion and the second housing portion, and the connecting portion includes an ampule breaking mechanism for breaking the ampule and the first housing portion. And at least one liquid injection path communicating with the second storage portion,
The liquid injection type battery, wherein the total cross-sectional area of the at least one liquid injection path is 15 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule.   The liquid injection type battery according to claim 1, wherein the at least one liquid injection path is provided with a mesh member having a 1 to 3.5 mm square mesh.   The liquid injection type battery according to claim 2, wherein the total cross-sectional area of the at least one liquid injection path is 70 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the ampoule.   The injection type battery according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion is removable from the structure.   The injection type battery according to claim 1, wherein the ampoule breaking mechanism is a protrusion.

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