JP4423143B2 - Injection battery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid injection type battery that is mounted on a flying object and is activated only by an impact when the flying object is launched. More specifically, the present invention relates to a small-sized injection type battery with a low voltage.

  In the conventional injection type battery, when the flying object is launched, the ampoule enclosing the electrolyte is destroyed by the impact of the launch. At the same time, the flying body rotates, so that centrifugal force is applied, and the electrolytic solution flows into the power generation unit arranged around the ampoule, the battery is activated, and a voltage is generated. Such a liquid injection type battery is used as a power supply unit for a fuze of a flying object that turns after launch (for example, Patent Document 1).

In the power generation unit, a plurality of single cells are stacked, and the single cells are connected in series with each other. A single cell is comprised from the positive electrode which consists of lead dioxide, the negative electrode which consists of lead, and a ring-shaped separator.
By the way, in recent years, application of a liquid injection type battery is demanded as a power supply unit that is activated only by a launch impact without turning. However, in the conventional liquid injection type battery as described above, there is a problem that the battery is not activated because the electrolyte does not flow into the power generation unit arranged around the ampoule only by the launch impact.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, a liquid injection type battery that is activated only by a launch impact has been studied. 4 and 5 are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the side surface and the front surface of the injection type battery, respectively.
The stainless steel structure 13 stored in the stainless steel case 15 includes an ampoule storage part 11a for storing an ampoule, a power generation part storage part 12a for storing a power generation part below the ampoule storage part 11a, and the A liquid injection path 18 and an exhaust path 19 are provided to connect the ampoule storage section 11a and the power generation section storage section 12a.

An ampoule 11 in which an electrolytic solution made of a perchloric acid aqueous solution is enclosed is installed in the ampoule housing portion 11a. The power generation unit storage unit 12a is provided with a power generation unit 12 composed of a plurality of single cells formed by alternately laminating separators 34 and electrode plates 35.
Here, FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the power generation unit 12. As the electrode plate 35, as shown in FIG. 6, one having a substrate 32 made of nickel or the like coated with lead dioxide 33 as a positive electrode and the other surface coated with lead 31 as a negative electrode is used. The single cell 36 includes lead 31, a cellulose separator 34, and lead dioxide 33. The power generation unit 12 is arranged such that the side surfaces of the stacked single cells 36 face the liquid injection path 18 side, and the ampoule 11 and the power generation unit 12 are arranged in a straight line via the liquid injection path 18. Yes.

Temporary lids 14 are respectively arranged on the upper part of the ampoule storage part 11a and the lower part of the power generation part storage part 12a so that the electrolyte does not leak outside. A pair of lead wires 16 a and 16 b that connect the output terminals 20 a and 20 b and the power generation unit 12 are arranged between the structure 13 and the case 15.
Then, a lid 17 is formed of a resin made of polyethylene or the like on the upper portion of the temporary lid 14 disposed on the upper portion of the case 15 and the ampoule housing portion 11a, whereby the case 15 is sealed.

The operation of the injection type battery will be described.
When a force due to a shooting impact is applied in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 5, the ampoule 11 is broken and the enclosed electrolyte is scattered outside. And since the ampoule 11, the electric power generation part 12, and the liquid injection path 18 are arrange | positioned on a straight line, even if it is non-turning, electrolyte solution flows into the electric power generation part 12 through the liquid injection path 18 by a launch impact ( The direction of the arrow indicated by the broken line in FIG. 5). At this time, since the inside of the battery is hermetically sealed, the volume of air into which the electrolytic solution has flowed into the power generation unit storage unit 12a passes through the exhaust path 19 and is exhausted to the ampoule storage unit 11a. Thereby, inflow to the electric power generation part 12 of electrolyte solution is performed rapidly. Since the side surface of each single cell constituting the power generation unit 12 faces the liquid injection path 18 side, the electrolyte surely flows into each cell, and a voltage is generated.

However, since only one liquid injection path is provided in the center, the electrolytic solution easily flows into the single cell located in the center rather than the end of the power generation unit. Therefore, the liquid injection amount of the single cell tends to vary. In addition, it takes time for the electrolytic solution to sufficiently reach the end of the power generation unit.
In addition, there is a demand for a liquid injection type battery that is a small type with a volume of a power generation unit of about 1/2 and a generated voltage as low as 1/6 as compared with a conventional liquid injection type battery. That is, there is an increasing demand for a liquid injection type battery that has a small amount of electrolytic solution, has a small number of stacked single cells that constitute the power generation unit, and can inject the electrolytic solution into the power generation unit only with a firing impact.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-64574

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a liquid injection type battery that solves the above problems and can inject electrolyte into a plurality of unit cells constituting the power generation unit simultaneously and evenly into the power generation unit and enables rapid activation. The purpose is to do.

Pouring type battery of the present invention, (a) and ampoule an electrolyte solution was sealed, (b) a plurality of the power generation unit for the single cell and product layer, (c) ampule portion, the power generation unit housing portion, and the A structure having an injection path and an exhaust path communicating with the ampoule storage section and the power generation section storage section, and the ampoule and the power generation section are linearly arranged and stacked via the liquid injection path A side surface of the single cell is arranged toward the liquid injection path, the liquid injection path is divided for each single cell and is positioned above the single cell, and the exhaust path is stored in the power generation unit. And an angle θ of the exhaust passage in the vicinity of the inlet with respect to a direction perpendicular to the side surface is 30 ° ≦ θ <70 ° .

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, an injection type battery which can inject | pour electrolyte into a power generation part simultaneously and equally to the several single cell which comprises a power generation part, and can be activated rapidly can be provided.

  The present invention communicates an ampoule enclosing an electrolyte, a power generation unit in which a plurality of single cells are stacked in a lateral direction, an ampoule storage unit, a power generation unit storage unit, and the ampoule storage unit and the power generation unit storage unit. A structure having a liquid path and an exhaust path, the ampoule and the power generation unit are arranged in a straight line through the liquid injection path, and the side surfaces of the stacked single cells face the liquid injection path The liquid injection path is arranged, and the liquid injection path is divided for each single cell, and each of the liquid injection paths is located above the single cell.

As an example of the embodiment of the present invention, schematic longitudinal sectional views of the front and side surfaces of a low-voltage, small-sized injection type battery are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.
The stainless steel structure 3 housed in the stainless steel case 5 includes an ampoule housing part 1a for housing an ampoule, a power generation part housing part 2a for housing a power generating part below the ampoule housing part 1a, and the It has a liquid injection path 8 and an exhaust path 9 that connect the ampoule storage section 1a and the power generation section storage section 2a.

The ampoule housing 1a is provided with an ampoule 1 in which an electrolytic solution made of a perchloric acid aqueous solution is enclosed. In the power generation unit storage unit 2a, the power generation unit 2 including a plurality of single cells configured by alternately laminating separators 24 and electrode plates 25 is disposed. The ampule 1, the liquid injection path 8, and the power generation unit 2 are arranged in that order in the direction (in the direction of the arrow) that receives the launch impact shown in FIG. 2.
Here, FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the power generation unit 2. As the electrode plate 25, a substrate 22 made of nickel or the like and having one surface coated with lead dioxide 23 as a positive electrode and the other surface coated with lead 21 as a negative electrode is used. The single cell 26 includes a lead 21, a separator 24 made of cellulose, and a lead dioxide 23. The power generation unit 2 is disposed so that the side surfaces of the stacked single cells 26, that is, the end surfaces of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator constituting the single cell 26 face the liquid injection path 8 side. Are arranged in a straight line through the liquid injection path 8. In this case, it is preferable that the axes of the ampoule 1 and the power generation unit 2 coincide on a straight line via the liquid injection path 8, but they do not necessarily have to coincide.

  The plurality of liquid injection paths 8 are divided for each single cell 26 constituting the power generation unit 2, and are arranged one by one above the single cell 26. That is, the liquid injection path 8 has the same number of flow paths as the number of the single cells 26, and these flow paths are respectively positioned above the single cells 26. As the shape of the liquid injection path, there may be a single inlet for the liquid injection path, branched internally to form a plurality of flow paths, and a plurality of outlets.

Temporary lids 4 are respectively disposed on the upper part of the ampoule storage part 1a and the lower part of the power generation part storage part 2a so that the electrolyte does not leak outside. Between the structure 3 and the case 5, a pair of lead wires 6a and 6b for connecting the output terminals 10a and 10b and the power generation unit 2 are arranged.
A lid 7 is formed of a resin made of polyethylene or the like on the upper part of the case 5 and the ampoule housing portion 1a, thereby sealing the case 5.

The operation of the above injection type battery will be described.
When a force due to a shooting impact is applied in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 2, the ampoule 1 is broken and the enclosed electrolyte is scattered outside. And since the ampoule 1, the power generation unit 2, and the liquid injection path 8 are arranged in a straight line, the electrolyte solution flows through the liquid injection path 8 and flows into the power generation unit 2 due to the launch impact, although there is no turning (see FIG. (Direction of arrow indicated by a broken line in FIG. 2).

At this time, since each of the plurality of liquid injection paths 8 is arranged above each unit cell, the electrolyte flows into each unit cell simultaneously and evenly. Since the inside of the battery is hermetically sealed, the volume of air into which the electrolytic solution has flowed into the power generation unit storage unit 2a passes through the exhaust path 9 and is exhausted to the ampoule storage unit 1a.
Thereby, since electrolyte solution can flow into a power generation part quickly and uniformly, a battery voltage generate | occur | produces reliably and a battery can be activated quickly.

The exhaust path has an inlet that communicates with the ampoule storage part on a side surface of the power generation unit storage part, and an angle θ of the exhaust path near the inlet with respect to a direction perpendicular to the side surface is 30 ° ≦ θ <70 °. Preferably there is.
When the angle θ is less than 30 °, the electrolyte enters the exhaust passage, and the inside of the exhaust passage is completely blocked by the electrolyte. For this reason, it becomes impossible to exhaust the air of a power generation part accommodating part to an ampoule accommodating part via an exhaust path, and it becomes difficult for electrolyte solution to flow into a power generation part quickly.
On the other hand, when the angle θ is 70 ° or more, there is a structural problem of the structure due to the positional relationship between the exhaust path and the ampoule housing portion, and therefore the exhaust path cannot be provided.

  Further, a breaking mechanism for breaking the ampoule may be provided on the upper part of the ampoule. For example, a cylindrical weight made of stainless steel may be disposed on the ampoule in FIG. Even if a breaking mechanism is not provided as shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to break the ampoule only by the force received by the launch impact.

In the above structure, a single liquid injection path is provided above each single cell constituting the power generation unit, but a plurality of liquid injection paths are provided above each single cell. Also good.
Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
A liquid injection type battery having the same structure as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was produced. As the power generation unit 2, a power generation unit composed of three single cells 26 in which cellulose separators 24 and electrode plates 25 are alternately stacked is used. As the electrode plate 25, as shown in FIG. 3, one surface of a substrate 22 made of nickel was coated with lead dioxide 23 as a positive electrode, and the other surface was coated with lead 21 as a negative electrode. A stainless steel structure 3 having three injection channels 8 as shown in FIG. 2 was used so as to correspond to the three single cells 26, respectively. And the electric power generation part 2 was arrange | positioned so that one side surface of each single cell 26 might oppose the liquid injection path 8. FIG. An ampoule 1 made of glass was filled with an electrolytic solution composed of a perchloric acid aqueous solution. In addition, the angle θ of the exhaust passage near the entrance with respect to the direction perpendicular to the side surface of the power generation unit storage unit was set to 45 °. In this way, a small-sized injection type battery with a low voltage was obtained.

<< Comparative Example 1 >>
In place of the structure 3 in the first embodiment, a liquid injection type battery is manufactured in the same manner as in the first embodiment except that the structure 13 having a single liquid injection path is used as in FIGS. Produced.
Five injection type batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were produced. Then, at normal temperature, the ampoule was broken by applying an impact force corresponding to the launch impact (15000 G) without turning each battery. At this time, the number of batteries whose battery voltage rose to a predetermined voltage within 0.03 seconds was examined.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

  In Example 1, since the electrolyte solution flowed into each single cell simultaneously and uniformly, a predetermined voltage was generated in time for all the batteries. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the inflow of the electrolyte into the single cell was not uniform, and the electrolyte did not easily flow into the end portion of the power generation unit, so that a predetermined voltage could not be obtained in time.

Example 2
Instead of the structure used in Example 1, structures in which the angle θ shown in FIG. 1 was variously changed as shown in Table 2 were prepared. And the injection type | mold battery was each produced by the method similar to Example 1 except using these structures. Then, as in Example 1, the state of liquid clogging in the exhaust passage when a shooting impact was applied was examined. The liquid clogging is a state in which the electrolyte enters the exhaust path and is completely blocked by the electrolyte.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

When the angle θ was 30 ° or more, liquid clogging did not occur. In addition, when the angle θ is 70 ° or more, the exhaust path cannot be provided due to the structural problem of the structure due to the positional relationship between the exhaust path and the ampoule storage portion.
Therefore, when the angle θ is 30 ° ≦ θ <70 °, liquid clogging of the exhaust passage does not occur, the air in the power generation unit storage unit can be smoothly exhausted to the ampoule storage unit, and the electrolyte quickly flows into the power generation unit I found out that

  As described above, the liquid injection type battery of the present invention can be applied to a liquid injection type battery that requires rapid activation because the electrolyte can be injected into the power generation unit simultaneously and evenly into a plurality of single cells constituting the power generation unit. it can.

It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view in the side surface of the injection type battery of the Example of this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view in the front of the injection type battery of the Example of this invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion X (power generation unit) in FIG. 2. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view in the side surface of the injection type battery of a comparative example. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view in the front of the injection type battery of a comparative example. FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a Y portion (power generation unit) in FIG. 5.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ampoule 2 Power generation part 3 Structure 4 Temporary cover 5 Case 6a, 6b Lead wire 7 Lid 8 Injection path 9 Exhaust path 10a, 10b Output terminal 21 Lead 22 Substrate 23 Lead dioxide 24 Separator 25 Electrode plate 26 Single cell

Claims (1)

(A) an ampoule enclosing an electrolyte; (b) a power generation unit in which a plurality of single cells are stacked; (c) an ampoule storage unit, a power generation unit storage unit, and the ampoule storage unit and the power generation unit storage unit. A structure having a liquid injection path and an exhaust path in communication with each other;
The ampoule and the power generation unit are arranged in a straight line through the liquid injection path,
The side surfaces of the stacked single cells are arranged toward the liquid injection path,
The liquid injection path is divided for each single cell, and is located above the single cell ,
The exhaust path has an inlet in communication with the ampoule storage part on a side surface of the power generation part storage part,
An injection type battery characterized in that an angle θ of the exhaust passage near the inlet with respect to a direction perpendicular to the side surface is 30 ° ≦ θ <70 ° .

Images