JP4346955B2 - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a magnet-type rotating electrical machine, and more particularly, to one used in cooperation with an engine such as a motorcycle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, some generators used in vehicles and the like generate electricity by generating electromotive force (voltage) in a stator-side power generation coil by electromagnetic induction using the electromagnet by energizing a rotor-side excitation coil. There are an excitation type that performs power generation (for example, see Patent Document 1) and a magnet type that generates power using a magnet (permanent magnet) on the rotor side. Among these, in order to cope with the different power generation performance between the case where a strong magnetic flux is required and the case where the magnetic flux is weak, a magnet type generator is provided with a control magnetic pole between the rotor magnets. There is a stator in which a field coil is provided, and the generated power can be adjusted by controlling energization to the field coil (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
[0003]
By the way, in recent years, a magnet generator as described above may be used as an engine starter motor or as an assist motor in a hybrid vehicle or the like. Electric power is supplied to the coil to form a rotating magnetic field, thereby creating a rotational force of the rotor. When used as a power generator, power is generated by generating an electromotive force in a power generation coil by a rotating rotor magnet. Some of the generator motors are also provided with a field coil so that the output can be adjusted in order to meet the required driving performance (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-68653 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent No. 3363682 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-127564 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-127565
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The rotating electrical machine such as the above-described magnet generator and generator motor is generally an outer rotor type in which a stator is disposed in a bottomed cylindrical rotor. In such a rotating electrical machine, If the amount of current supplied to the field coil is suppressed or a fan is provided in order to suppress the temperature rise in the rotor due to the field coil, the operation efficiency may be reduced.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to perform an efficient operation by controlling a magnetic field and enhancing heat dissipation of a field coil in a magnet-type rotating electrical machine.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above problems, the invention described in claim 1 is a rotor core (for example, the rotor core 4 in the embodiment) that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft, and a permanent magnet (for example, in the embodiment) that is attached to the outer periphery of the rotor core. A magnet 5), a stator core disposed outside the rotor core (for example, the stator core 6 in the embodiment), and a coil wound around the stator core (for example, the power generation coil 8 in the embodiment), and adjacent to the stator core A field coil (for example, the field coil 16 in the embodiment) and a field ring (for example, the field ring 26 in the embodiment) are provided, and the rotor core has a control magnetic pole (for example, an implementation) between the permanent magnets. A control magnetic pole 15), and the field coil passes through the field ring and the control magnetic pole. In a rotating electrical machine configured to form a closed magnetic path (for example, the generator 1 in the embodiment), the rotor core has a large diameter portion (for example, a magnet mounting recess 14 in the embodiment) to which the permanent magnet is mounted (for example, the magnet mounting recess 14 in the embodiment). For example, the large-diameter portion 13 in the embodiment and a small-diameter portion (for example, the small-diameter portion 18 in the embodiment) provided on a side surface in the axial direction of the large-diameter portion via a step surface (for example, the step surface 12 in the embodiment). The large-diameter portion includes a holder cap (for example, the holder cap 20 in the embodiment) that sandwiches the permanent magnet from the side in contact with the step surface, and the shaft of the field ring The outer peripheral portion of the field plate (for example, the field plate 25 in the embodiment) is disposed at one end portion in the direction, and the outer peripheral portion of the stator core is disposed at the other inner peripheral portion. Combined, the field coil is characterized in the field boss of magnetic plate is fixed to the outer periphery (e.g. boss 23 in the embodiment), to be closely arranged so as to face the small diameter portion of the rotor core And
[0007]
According to this rotating electrical machine, it is possible to change the magnetic pole and the magnetic flux amount of the control magnetic pole according to the direction and magnitude of the current supplied to the field coil, and control to adjust the driving performance according to the required output. It becomes possible. In addition, different output specifications can be achieved simply by changing the setting of the direction and magnitude of the current supplied to the field coil, and a plurality of types of rotating electrical machines can be handled with minimal changes without changing the basic layout.
The so-called inner rotor type in which the stator core is disposed outside the rotor core allows the field coil and the field ring provided adjacent to the stator core to be well radiated.
[0008]
The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that the permanent magnet has the same magnetic pole.
[0009]
According to this rotating electrical machine, misassembly of magnets is reduced, and component management is facilitated.
[0010]
The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the field ring is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the stator core.
[0011]
According to this rotating electrical machine, it is possible to easily form a closed magnetic path when the field coil is energized, and to further radiate heat.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux generated by energization of the field coil forms a closed magnetic path that passes through the field plate, the field ring, the stator core, the control magnetic pole, and the rotor core.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the field coil is adjacent to the stator core in the axial direction and adjacent to the field ring in the radial direction, and the field coil and the field plate include a coil bobbin. It is characterized by contacting in the axial direction.
The invention described in claim 6 is characterized in that a side wall is provided at an end of the concave portion opposite to the small diameter portion in the axial direction, and the permanent magnet is sandwiched between the side wall and the holder cap.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the field ring is provided with a boss-like protrusion along the axial direction, the stator core is attached to one side of the protrusion, and the other side of the protrusion is The field plate is attached.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A magnet type generator (rotating electric machine) 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is used in conjunction with an engine (not shown) such as a motorcycle, for example, and rotates in conjunction with a crankshaft of the engine. And a stator 3 that is fixed to an engine case or the like, and is configured to generate power as the engine is operated.
[0013]
The rotor 2 includes a rotor core 4 that rotates integrally with a rotation shaft (not shown) such as a crankshaft of an engine or a drive shaft linked to the crankshaft, and a plurality of rotor cores 4 that are attached around the rotor core 4 in the circumferential direction. The stator 3 includes a magnet (permanent magnet) 5, and the stator 3 is wound around a stator core 6 disposed outside the rotor core 4 and a plurality of salient pole portions 7 of the stator core 6. And 2) a plurality of power generation coils (coils) 8 disposed to face each other in the radial direction. That is, the generator 1 is configured as a so-called inner rotor type in which the rotor 2 rotates inside the stator 3.
[0014]
The rotor core 4 is made of a ferromagnetic material such as iron (a material having a high magnetic permeability), and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape sharing the axis C of the rotating shaft. Here, if the left-right direction in FIG. 2 is the left-right direction of the generator 1, the rotation shaft is inserted from the right side into the insertion hole 9 provided on the inner peripheral side of the rotor core 4, and fastening means such as a bolt nut are used. The rotor core 4 and the rotating shaft are integrally coupled. The right end of the rotor core 4 serves as the rotating shaft mounting surface 10. Further, a step portion 11 is provided at the right end portion of the rotor core 4 by changing the periphery of the insertion hole 9 of the rotating shaft mounting surface 10 to the left side in a step shape.
[0015]
The portion on the right side (rotating shaft attachment surface 10 side) of the rotor core 4 substantially in the axial direction is a large-diameter portion 13 having a large diameter with respect to the left-side portion via a step surface 12 orthogonal to the axis C. It is said. On the outer peripheral portion of the large-diameter portion 13, a magnet mounting recess 14 is provided in which the outer peripheral surface is changed radially inward. Here, the magnet 5 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape that is flat in the radial direction of the rotor core 4, and is formed in an arc shape so as to form the same outer peripheral surface as the large diameter portion 13. A plurality (four in this embodiment) of the magnets 5 are arranged at equal intervals on the outer peripheral portion of the large-diameter portion 13 of the rotor core 4, and magnet mounting recesses 14 are provided corresponding to the magnets 5.
[0016]
A portion between each magnet mounting recess 14 of the rotor core 4 is configured as a control magnetic pole 15 for forming a field magnetic pole of the generator 1 together with each magnet 5. In other words, the control magnetic poles 15 are the same number (four) as the magnets 5 and are arranged alternately with the magnets 5 in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 4. In this embodiment, the control magnetic pole 15 and the magnet 5 are set so that their polar arc angles θp and θm are substantially the same. The magnets 5 are provided with the same magnetic poles, and the counter electrodes are formed by magnetizing the control magnetic poles 15 between the magnets 5 by the field coil 16 as necessary.
[0017]
The magnet mounting recess 14 does not penetrate through the rotating shaft mounting surface 10 in the axial direction, and therefore, a side wall 17 is provided on the right side of each magnet mounting recess 14. Further, on the left side of the magnet mounting recess 14, an annular holder cap 20 is provided that is fitted and attached to the small diameter portion 18 on the left side of the rotor core 4 and fixed in contact with the stepped surface 12 by a screw 19. And each magnet 5 is clamped by the side wall 17 of each magnet attachment recessed part 14, and the holder cap 20, and is hold | maintained by the latching claw 21 provided in the side wall 17 and the holder cap 20, and each magnet 5 becomes a rotor core. 4 is fixed.
[0018]
The stator core 6 is formed by laminating thin plate-like ferromagnetic materials (for example, silicon steel plates) in the axial direction, and is formed in an annular shape surrounding the large-diameter portion 13 around the axis C. A plurality (twelve in this embodiment) of salient poles 7 project from the inner periphery of the stator core 6 toward the inside in the radial direction, and each salient pole 7 has a conductor through an insulating member 22. Each of the coils 8 is formed by winding. Each power generation coil 8 is connected in three phases by a power distribution component (not shown), and is connected to a battery and an electrical component via a rectifier and a voltage regulator.
[0019]
A field coil 16 that controls the amount of magnetic flux of the control magnetic pole 15 of the rotor core 4 is provided on the left side of the stator core 6. The field coil 16 has an annular shape centered on the axis C, and is formed by winding a conducting wire through a coil bobbin 24 made of an insulating member surrounding the small diameter portion 18 of the rotor core 4. The coil bobbin 24 is disposed close to the small-diameter portion 18 of the rotor core 4 in the radial direction, and is fixed to the outer periphery of the boss portion 23 of the field plate 25 that forms the left end portion of the generator 1. The outer peripheral portion of the field plate 25 and the outer peripheral portion of the stator core 6 are connected via a field ring 26. Here, the field plate 25 and the field ring 26 are made of a ferromagnetic material.
[0020]
The field ring 26 is a cylindrical member centered on the axis C, and is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the stator core 6 and forms the outer peripheral portion of the generator 1. A plurality of fixing protrusions 28 (four in this embodiment) having through holes 27 extending in the axial direction are provided on the inner peripheral side of the field ring 26 and fixed to the field plate 25 and the stator core 6. Through holes 29 and 29 corresponding to the through holes 27 of the projecting portion 28 are provided, respectively. The outer peripheral portion of the field plate 25 is aligned with the left end portion of the field ring 26, and the outer peripheral portion of the stator core 6 is aligned with the inner peripheral portion of the right side, and fastening members such as through bolts are fitted in the through holes 27 and 29. 2 is inserted from the right side of FIG. 2 and tightened into the engine cover, whereby the stator core 6, the field ring 26, and the field plate 25 are fixed to the engine case in an integrally coupled state.
[0021]
The field coil 16 is adjacent to the stator core 6 in the axial direction and adjacent to the field ring 26 in the radial direction. The field coil 16 and the field plate 25 are in axial contact with each other via the coil bobbin 24. Here, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, most of the magnetic flux generated by energizing the field coil 16 is the field plate 25, the field ring 26, the stator core 6, the control magnetic pole 15, and the rotor core 4. A closed magnetic path indicated by an arrow F or F ′ in the figure passing through the line is formed. Then, the magnetic pole and the magnetic flux amount of the magnet 5 and the control magnetic pole 15 can be changed according to the direction and magnitude of the current supplied to the field coil 16. In the figure, an arrow M is a closed magnetic circuit formed by the magnet 5.
[0022]
Next, the operation will be described.
First, when the rotor 2 rotates through the rotating shaft by the operation of the engine, an electromotive force is generated in each power generating coil 8 due to a change in the magnetic field due to the movement of each magnet 5, and this electromotive force is supplied to the battery and electrical components as generated power Is done. At this time, when the field coil 16 is not energized, the magnetic flux from the field coil 16 does not act on the field, so the amount of magnetic flux of the rotor 2 depends on the amount of magnetic flux of each magnet 5.
[0023]
Next, when each field pole 16 is energized so that each control magnetic pole 15 is opposite to each magnet 5, that is, the magnetic path passing through the stator core 6 generated by the field coil 16 is opposite to the magnetic path of the magnet 5. When the closed magnetic path F is formed, the magnetic flux generated by the field coil 16 is subtracted by each magnet 5, and the combined magnetic flux added by each control magnetic pole 15 acts on each power generating coil 8. For this reason, if the current supplied to the field coil 16 is increased, the amount of magnetic flux of each control magnetic pole 15 having a small magnetic resistance is increased accordingly, and the total magnetic flux change is increased to increase the generated power of each power generating coil 8. Can be increased.
[0024]
Further, when the field coil 16 is energized in the direction opposite to the energizing direction so that the control magnetic pole 15 is on the same polarity side as each magnet 5, that is, the magnetic field passing through the stator core 6 generated by the field coil 16. When the closed magnetic path F ′ is formed so that the path is in the same direction as the magnetic path of the magnet 5, the magnetic flux generated by the field coil 16 is added in each magnet 5, and the added combined magnetic flux is generated in each control magnetic pole 15. It acts on each power generation coil 8. Therefore, if the current supplied to the field coil 16 is increased, the amount of magnetic flux of each control magnetic pole 15 having a small magnetic resistance is reduced accordingly, and the total magnetic flux change is reduced to reduce the generated power of each power generating coil 8. Can be increased.
[0025]
Therefore, it is possible to control to adjust the power generation performance according to the required output (generated power). Especially when used in vehicles, the required output varies finely depending on the state of charge of the battery and the state of use of electrical components, so if the power generation performance is adjusted according to each condition, the required output is small While it is possible to reduce the electric friction by suppressing the power generation performance, the maximum power generation performance can be exhibited when the required output is large.
[0026]
According to the above embodiment, since the output can be increased or decreased depending on the direction and magnitude of the current passed through the field coil 16, even if the required output is small, surplus power due to excessive power generation is regulated by the regulator (voltage It is possible to suppress waste such as disposal as thermal energy by the adjustment circuit) and to suppress electrical friction. As a result, efficient power generation (driving) can be performed, and thus the fuel consumption of the engine can be improved.
[0027]
In addition, since the output specifications can be made different simply by changing the setting of the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through the field coil 16, versatility is increased and the cost can be reduced.
[0028]
Further, since the stator 3 having the power generation coil 8 has good heat dissipation by being an inner rotor type, the field coil 16 is adjacent to the field ring 26 forming the outer peripheral portion of the power generator 1 and the power generator. Since it is adjacent to the field plate 25 that forms the left end portion of the magnetic field 1, the field coil 16, the field ring 26, and the field plate 25 can be radiated well. Thereby, the temperature rise of the whole generator 1 is suppressed, and it is not necessary to take measures such as suppressing the amount of current supplied to the field coil 16 or providing a cooling fan, and as a result, efficient power generation can be performed.
[0029]
Furthermore, by making the magnetic poles of the plurality of magnets 5 the same, it is possible to reduce misassembly and facilitate component management, thereby improving yield and reducing costs.
[0030]
A field ring 26 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the stator core 6 and the field coil 16, and a field plate 25 is disposed on the left side of the field coil 16, that is, on the side opposite to the stator core 6. When the coil 16 is energized, a closed magnetic circuit is easily formed, and the magnetic flux of each magnet 5 and the control magnetic pole 15 can be effectively increased or decreased.
[0038]
In addition, this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, For example, you may apply the said structure to electric motors, such as a starter motor. In this case, it is possible to vary the output characteristics of the motor by increasing or decreasing the amount of magnetic flux by the field coil. Similarly, the above configuration may be applied to a generator motor such as a motor generator. And it is applicable not only to what is used for a vehicle or a general purpose engine but general rotary electric machines, such as a fan motor, for example.
In addition, the component configuration of the rotor 2 and the stator 3 is an example. For example, the rotor core 4 may be integrated with the rotating shaft, and the control magnetic pole 15 may be separated from the rotor core 4 . Further, the magnets 5 are not necessarily the same magnetic pole. Furthermore, if the number of magnets 5 and control magnetic poles 15 and the ratios of the respective polar arc angles θp and θm are changed, the field poles are all adjusted to have the same size and the same operating performance as those composed of magnets. Is also possible.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention , it is possible to control the driving performance to be adjusted according to the output required by changing the direction and magnitude of the current supplied to the field coil. Waste such as discarding surplus power can be suppressed, and electrical friction can be suppressed. As a result, an efficient driving can be performed, and further, the fuel consumption of the engine and the acceleration performance of the vehicle can be improved. Moreover, different output specifications can be achieved by simply changing the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through the field coil, and multiple types of rotating electrical machines can be handled with minimal changes without changing the basic layout. As a result, versatility is increased and costs can be reduced.
The so-called inner rotor type in which the stator core is arranged outside the rotor core increases the heat dissipation of the field coil and the field ring provided adjacent to the stator core. There is no need to take measures, and more efficient operation can be performed.
[0040]
According to the present invention , misassembly of magnets is reduced and component management is facilitated, so that it is possible to improve yield and reduce costs.
[0041]
According to the present invention, since it is possible to easily form a closed magnetic circuit when a field coil is energized, the magnetic flux of each magnet can be effectively increased or decreased. Moreover, the heat dissipation of the field coil can be further enhanced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a generator in a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 and illustrating the operation of a field coil.
4 is an operation explanatory view taken along the line BB in FIG. 3. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 generator (rotary electric machine) 4 rotor core 5 magnet (permanent magnet) 6 stator core 8 generator coil (coil) 12 stepped portion 13 large diameter portion 14 magnet mounting recess 15 control magnetic pole 16 field coil 18 small diameter portion 20 holder cap 23 boss portion 25 Field Plate 26 Field Ring

Claims (7)

A rotor core that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft, a permanent magnet attached to the outer periphery of the rotor core, a stator core disposed outside the rotor core, and a coil wound around the stator core;
A field coil and a field ring are provided adjacent to the stator core, and a control magnetic pole is provided between the permanent magnets on the rotor core so that the field coil forms a closed magnetic path passing through the field ring and the control magnetic pole. In the configured rotating electrical machine,
The rotor core includes a large-diameter portion having a concave portion to which the permanent magnet is attached, and a small-diameter portion provided via a step surface on an axial side portion of the large-diameter portion,
The large-diameter portion includes a holder cap that sandwiches the permanent magnet from the side in a state of being in contact with the stepped surface,
The outer peripheral portion of the field plate is aligned with one axial end of the field ring, and the outer peripheral portion of the stator core is aligned with the other inner peripheral portion, respectively.
The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the field coil is fixed to the outer periphery of the boss portion of the field plate and is disposed close to the small diameter portion of the rotor core.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet has the same magnetic pole.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the field ring is disposed on an outer peripheral side of the stator core.   4. The magnetic flux generated by energization of the field coil forms a closed magnetic path that passes through the field plate, field ring, stator core, control magnetic pole, and rotor core. The rotating electrical machine according to item 1.   The field coil is adjacent to the stator core in the axial direction and is adjacent to the field ring in the radial direction, and the field coil and the field plate are in axial contact with each other via a coil bobbin. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a side wall is provided at an end of the concave portion opposite to the small diameter portion in the axial direction, and the permanent magnet is sandwiched between the side wall and the holder cap. The rotating electrical machine according to item 1.   The field ring is provided with a boss-like protrusion along the axial direction, the stator core is attached to one side of the protrusion, and the field plate is attached to the other side of the protrusion. The rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the rotating electric machine is characterized.

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