JP3661634B2 - Double-sided gap type rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally applied to a synchronous rotating machine, and is particularly suitable for an engine direct-coupled generator-motor that is required to be thin in the axial direction.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Vehicles are becoming more electrified because of the need to improve fuel efficiency, and technologies that aim at energy saving of vehicles in cooperation with the engine, such as assisting engine power at low speed or kinetic energy regeneration during vehicle braking, are in the spotlight. The key to such a mechanical / electric hybrid system is the size and performance of the rotating machine connected to the engine. In particular, in the engine direct-coupled type that is sandwiched between the transmission and the engine, the longer the axial direction, the worse the fit within a limited vehicle width, and the worse the support characteristics of engine vibration. There were problems such as. From the inefficient induction machine type to the efficient synchronous machine type, technical development and practical application of a permanent magnet type that is particularly effective in reducing efficiency and size have been attempted.
[0003]
However, these are distributed or concentrated on the inner or outer diameter of the stator as in the conventional rotating machine, and the length of the coil end portion that is not related to voltage induction is also long, and the axial length is about The length was 50 mm to 100 mm. Therefore, the copper loss due to the large winding resistance is also large, and it is necessary to greatly separate the axial mounting dimension, that is, the coil transmission and the engine, and the physique and the support structure as a whole of the power train section become large. There was also a problem. Even if the permanent magnet type is efficient when the load is particularly heavy, it is necessary to supply a current for generating a magnetomotive force facing the stator winding to suppress the magnetic force when the load is small. There is a problem that the efficiency does not increase with a light load of normal use as well as requiring a special control technique.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present application intends to provide a rotating machine with a short axial dimension that is efficient to solve the above-mentioned problems at the same time. Therefore, it is an object to devise a structure based on an efficient synchronous machine that is a permanent magnet type capable of adjusting the field and has a low stator winding resistance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present application intends to solve the above-described problems as follows.
[0006]
First, as in the configuration shown in claim 1, N is arranged in the circumferential direction on each of the armature winding and the stator composed of the armature core having the armature winding, and the inner and outer diameters or both end surfaces of the laminated core. And a rotor having first and second magnetic pole groups in which S poles are alternately arranged, and the magnetomotive force source of the first magnetic pole group is a permanent magnet, and the second magnetomotive force is The source is an electromagnet, and the armature core passes the magnetic flux generated by the action of each magnetomotive force source through the same passage, and the armature winding is wound around the passage.
[0007]
With this configuration, both sides of the stator are air gaps, so that the axial dimension of both the iron core and armature winding is shortened, and a permanent magnet is used for half of the field required for output. It is compact, including the directional thickness, and is efficient. In addition, since the permanent magnet magnetic flux and the electromagnet magnetic flux can be applied to one armature winding interlinkage magnetic flux path, the armature winding magnetic flux can be adjusted by adjusting the magnetomotive force of one of the field windings. The sum of the amount of linkage can be controlled. That is, the amount of power generation can be easily varied without performing complicated control such as field weakening control by causing the current of the armature winding to flow by the inverter.
[0008]
In the configuration shown in claim 2, the first magnetic pole group is located on the outer diameter side of the armature core, the second magnetic pole group is located on the inner diameter side of the armature core, and the first The magnetic pole group 2 has a single concentrated winding field consisting of a claw-shaped magnetic pole and a field winding wound on the inner diameter side thereof.
[0009]
Accordingly, a large magnetomotive force can be simultaneously applied to the second magnetic pole group on the inner diameter side of the armature core by a single field winding, and the armature winding can be applied from the permanent magnet of the first magnetic pole group. Since the magnetic flux acting on the wire can be controlled easily and powerfully, in other words, a strong magnet can be used, and the overall performance improvement effect can be increased. Miniaturization can be achieved.
[0010]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the stator core has a yoke portion connected in an annular shape and a tooth-like portion toward the double-sided gap, and a toroidal winding is provided around the yoke portion. Wind them and connect them to the multiphase winding.
[0011]
As a result, the armature winding generally requires a height in the end direction of the armature winding in the axial direction, but only the actual winding height when circling around the yoke is required. In addition, the single toroidal winding forms windings corresponding to both air gap surfaces, and the total winding amount can be halved compared with a case where distributed winding and concentrated winding are performed on both sides.
[0012]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, at least a part of the stator core is a segment member having an engaging portion in the yoke portion, and the toroidal windings are individually attached to the yoke portion. And an annular stator.
[0013]
As a result, although it is generally a toroidal winding that is extremely difficult to mass-produce, it can be made in advance and fitted, so that it can be put into practical use. Even if it is a large engine direct-coupled machine, it does not require large-scale production facilities, and it is easy to inspect and repair when using the product. That is, it becomes possible to provide the above-described thin, high-efficiency, high-performance product in practical use.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First Embodiment]
A configuration of a first embodiment applied to a generator directly connected to a vehicle running engine will be described with reference to FIG.
[0015]
An armature core 2 made of a laminated iron plate is attached to the housing 1, and an armature winding 3 is wound around the iron core 2 and the winding 3 is in good thermal contact with the housing 1. Further, the protruding portion of the armature winding 3, that is, the end turn portion is in good thermal contact with the housing 1.
[0016]
On the two inner and outer diameter surfaces of the laminated core 2, the first outer diameter side 12 and the second outer diameter surface 5 on the inner diameter side are supported by the rotating field core 4. The side magnetic pole group 6 and the inner diameter side magnetic pole group 13 are arranged to face each other. Each magnetic pole group and the field iron core of the support body are integrated with the iron hub 10 and are fixed by a torque converter 15, a crankshaft 16, a fastening bolt 11, and the like.
[0017]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the first magnetic pole group and the second magnetic pole group have N.P. The armature core has a tooth-shaped portion and a yoke portion in a hundred-legged shape, and the inner and outer diameter-side tooth-like portions are aligned with the radial line. The first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are positioned so as to be substantially aligned on this radial line (depending on the rotation angle of the rotor). Although not shown in detail, the armature winding is a copper wire having a rectangular cross section, and is wound around the yoke portion corresponding to the body portion of the above-mentioned centripetal iron core.
[0018]
Three stator teeth are arranged between two magnetic pole pitches on the inner and outer diameter sides, and the toroidal winding corresponds to a 2 / 3π short-pitch winding (concentrated winding). Yes.
[0019]
Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described. As the crankshaft rotates, the hub rotates, and the field core and magnetic pole fixed thereto rotate to apply an alternating magnetic field to the armature core, thereby inducing a voltage in the armature winding. The generated voltage is led to a three-phase rectifier (not shown) connected to the armature winding, converted to direct current, and led to a vehicle storage battery for charging.
[0020]
Although both the field winding 9 and the armature winding 3 generate heat when energized, the field winding 3 and the armature winding transfer heat to the housing 1 and both the windings are cooled well. The Further, as described above, since the protruding portion of the armature winding 3, that is, the end turn portion, is in good thermal contact with the housing 1, the armature winding is also cooled well by heat conduction.
[0021]
In the storage battery, the charging voltage of the battery increases as the charging amount increases. A field current regulator (not shown) detects this voltage and decreases the current amount of the field winding. This reduces the amount of power generated by the armature winding. When the charging voltage is decreased, the current of the field winding is increased to increase the power generation amount of the armature winding.
[0022]
Here, the increase / decrease of the field current and the increase / decrease of the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature winding, that is, the adjustment of the power generation amount will be described in detail.
[0023]
The magnetic flux passing through the core yoke portion surrounded by the armature winding 3 in the cross section shown in FIG. 2 will be described. In FIG. 2, when there is no current in the field winding, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flows through the other magnet magnetic poles adjacent to each other as shown by the broken line in the figure, passes through the iron core yoke, and the armature winding. Interlink with. Next, by passing a current that generates the polarity shown outside () in the field winding, a magnetic flux as shown by a solid line in the figure flows to the yoke portion, and the linkage flux of the armature winding increases. To do. Conversely, when a field current is applied, the magnetic flux of the magnet magnetic pole goes directly to the electromagnet magnetic pole as shown by the one-dot chain line in the figure, and the magnetic flux does not interlink with the iron core yoke. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the field current in this way, it is possible to control the magnetic flux involved in the power generation of the magnetic circuit including the permanent magnet.
[0024]
With the above structure, the axial dimension is reduced, mounting is easy, the excitation power can be reduced, and the copper loss of the armature is low. It is possible to provide a practical engine direct-coupled generator that can control power generation with current control and is suitable for mass production with simple assembly.
[0025]
As a concrete prototype example of this example, 14v-7 kw (600 rpm) and efficiency 82% at an outer diameter of 280 mm and a total length of 20 mm, and a prototype example of a conventional Landel type iron core synchronous machine (outer diameter of φ280 mm, full length) At 80 mm, it was significantly thinner, higher output and higher efficiency than 42v-6 kw (600 rpm), efficiency 75%).
[0026]
In addition, as described above, the toroidal winding has a structure in which flat copper wires are connected later, so that in addition to improving the physique performance, forging facilities that are large and difficult to lay, large armature core punching winding facilities, etc. Needless to say, there is no need for this, and there is an effect in terms of mass productivity that it can be manufactured with simple equipment.
[0027]
[Other Embodiments]
In the first embodiment, the inner and outer diameters of the armature core are the gap surfaces, but both axial end faces may be the gap surfaces. This is particularly useful in cases where the axial direction is loose and the radial direction is severe, since the void area can be greatly increased. Although not shown, the magnetic poles and armature core teeth are partially fan-shaped, and the coil is wound and wound around the teeth on both sides instead of the yoke as in the first embodiment. Also good.
[0028]
In the first embodiment, three armature core teeth are provided for two magnetic pole pitches, and equivalently 2 / 3π short-pitch winding (concentrated winding) in which armature windings are applied to these yoke portions. However, six armature core teeth for two magnetic pole pitches, armature windings are applied to these yokes, and these are connected in three phases to form a dual connection with short-pitch winding. Also good. According to this, the magnetic noise can be reduced because the magnitude and phase of the armature reaction can be dispersed.
[0029]
Moreover, although application of the generator was shown in the said Example, it is good also as a generator motor which used the rectifier circuit as the bidirectional inverter. The armature winding may be a flat wire having a substantially rectangular cross section or a round wire. Distributed winding may be used instead of toroidal winding.
[0030]
A plurality of three-phase circuits may be formed with a plurality of slots per magnetic pole / phase on the inner and outer diameters to reduce noise based on the third harmonic.
[0031]
That is, as described above, the armature winding and the armature core can be appropriately changed and devised depending on the design focus.
[0032]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the magnet magnetic pole is disposed on the outer diameter side, or the magnet is attached to the surface of the rotor. However, the inner diameter side may be used, and the position of the magnet in the magnetic circuit may be changed as appropriate. it can. In order to concentrate the magnetic flux, soft iron pole pieces are used for all the magnetic poles, and even if magnets are placed in the inner part or attached to the rotor surface, centrifugal force restraining is applied to the outer periphery. Nylon and carbon fiber can be wound, a nonmagnetic stainless steel plate can be attached, or a composite magnetic material can be used.
[0033]
In the above embodiment, the electromagnet field element is a so-called Landell-type field element having claw-shaped magnetic poles. However, as shown in FIG. 3, the saddle-shaped field core is a part of the fixed field core 8. 20, a field winding 9 is wound, and a magnetic flux leakage prevention magnet ring is interposed at a bowl-shaped tip. Also, between this outer diameter and the armature core, a magnet built-in laminated first magnetic pole and a magnet built-in laminated second magnetic pole, and a stainless non-magnetic ring for preventing magnetic flux leakage are fixed between them. Yes. Inside the first laminated core magnetic pole and the second laminated core magnetic pole, permanent magnets are embedded at every other magnetic pole pitch, and an inner rotor having NS alternating magnetic poles formed by permanent magnet portions and non-permanent magnet portions is provided. There is no. The first laminated magnetic pole and the second laminated magnetic pole have the same rotor surface polarity in the axial direction, and apply substantially the same magnetic flux to the winding with the armature at the same time. Needless to say, the magnetic flux supply efficiency is optimal.
[0034]
In this embodiment, the inner diameter side can be excited using the force of the permanent magnet, and the magnetic flux supply can be controlled by a small field winding provided in the central part of the saddle-shaped iron core. Can be realized. Furthermore, forging of a large claw-shaped magnetic pole core as in the first embodiment can be avoided. That is, since the saddle-shaped field core can be formed by press molding, there is also an effect that it can be simply manufactured without special equipment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a first embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the internal detailed structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an internal detailed structure of another embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Housing,
2 ... Armature core,
3 ... Armature winding,
4 ... Rotating field core,
5: Internal cavity surface,
6 ... Inner diameter side field magnetic pole,
7: Field core gap 8: Fixed field core,
9: Fixed field winding,
10 ... Iron hub,
11 ... fastening bolt,
12: outer diameter side void surface,
13 ... outer diameter side field magnetic pole,
14 ... Permanent magnet,
15 ... Torcon,
16 ... Crankshaft.

Claims (4)

A stator composed of an armature winding and an armature core including the armature winding, and first and second magnetic pole groups in which N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction in each of the inner and outer diameters of the laminated core. And the magnetomotive force source of the first magnetic pole group is a permanent magnet, the second magnetomotive force source is an electromagnet, and the armature core is an action of each magnetomotive force source. The magnetic flux by is passed through the same passage, and the armature winding is wound around the passage ,
The first magnetic pole group is located on the outer diameter side of the armature core, the second magnetic pole group is located on the inner diameter side of the armature core, and these magnetic pole groups are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction and are made of the same member. Provided,
The armature iron core has a yoke portion and a tooth-like portion on the inner and outer diameter side in a position aligned with the radial line,
The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine characterized in that the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are also arranged so as to be substantially aligned on the radial line . 2. The double-sided air gap rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic pole group is excited by a cylindrical iron core at an inner central portion and a single concentrated field winding at an outer diameter portion thereof.   The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the armature winding is a toroidal winding wound around a circumferential yoke portion of an armature core.   4. The double-sided gap type rotating electric machine according to claim 3, wherein the armature cores are arranged and fixed to each other in a ring shape by a dovetail-shaped locking portion at a part of the circumferential yoke portion.

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