JP4342762B2 - Screw dehydrator - Google Patents

Screw dehydrator Download PDF

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JP4342762B2
JP4342762B2 JP2002056155A JP2002056155A JP4342762B2 JP 4342762 B2 JP4342762 B2 JP 4342762B2 JP 2002056155 A JP2002056155 A JP 2002056155A JP 2002056155 A JP2002056155 A JP 2002056155A JP 4342762 B2 JP4342762 B2 JP 4342762B2
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case
outer shell
shell case
screw
ultrasonic
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JP2003251496A (en
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勝 俵
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サンケン工業株式会社
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/128Vertical or inclined screw presses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、スクリーンを清掃して目詰まりを解消するための機構を備えているスクリュー脱水機、なかでも超音波振動を利用して清掃を行うスクリュー脱水機に関する。スクリュー脱水機は、土木建設現場、化学工場、食品工場、製紙工場などにおいて含水物を圧搾して、含水物をケーキ状の固体と液体とに分離する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般的なスクリュー脱水機においては、圧搾対象の含水物を螺旋ブレードで搬送し、その間に螺旋ブレードとろ過スクリーンとで含水物を圧搾して、ケーキ状の固体と液体とに分離する。例えば、土木建設現場で発生する微粒子を含んだ汚泥原液の固液分離を行う場合には、汚泥原液に高分子凝集剤を加えて微粒子を凝集したうえで、この凝集液をスクリュー脱水機で圧搾することにより、微粒子を含まないろ液と脱水ケーキとに分離している。このように含水物の圧搾を連続して行っていると、固形物がスクリーンのろ過隙間に詰まって、圧搾効率が急速に低下してしまうことがある。
【0003】
上記のようなスクリーンの目詰まりを解消するための手段として、加圧された洗浄水を噴き付けてスクリーンを洗浄することが特許第2637390号公報に公知であり、回転駆動されるスクリーンに圧縮空気を吹き付けて洗浄することが特開2001−179492号公報に公知である。前者では、螺旋ブレードに沿って洗浄ノズルの一群を配置する。後者では、棒状の洗浄ノズルに対してスクリーンを回転駆動することによって、スクリーンの周面全体を洗浄できるようにしている。このように加圧流体をスクリーンに吹き付けて清掃を行うスクリュー脱水機によれば、スクリーンの目詰まりを確実に除去できるものの、洗浄ノズルを別途設ける必要があり、さらにスクリーンを回転駆動することを要し、全体構造が複雑になる。洗浄ノズルの一群を螺旋ブレードに沿って配置する前者装置では、洗浄ノズルの補修や交換に多くの手間が掛かる。
【0004】
本発明のスクリュー脱水機においては、超音波振動を利用してスクリーンの清掃を行うが、この種の清掃機構は特開2001−149709号公報に公知である。そこでは、スクリーンの周囲を覆う外筒の内部に超音波発生器を配置している。清掃時には、外筒内に圧搾水を満たした状態で超音波振動子を駆動し、超音波で圧搾水を振動させてスクリーン面から汚泥を剥離し、さらに圧搾水中の超音波振動に伴うキャビテーションによって気泡が生じ、この気泡がスクリーンに当ることでスクリーン面の汚泥を剥離除去できるとされている。本発明のスクリュー脱水機はスクリューを縦長になる状態で配置するが、この種の脱水機は、例えば特開平9−84545号公報に公知である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のスクリュー脱水機では、通常の脱水運転時に、外筒の排水口に設けたバルブを開放して圧搾水を筒外へ自然流下させる。そして、スクリーンの清掃を行う場合には、先のバルブを閉じて外筒に圧搾水を充満させ、あるいは洗浄水を別途送給して外筒内に水を充満させる必要がある。そのため、圧搾水あるいは洗浄水を充満させるまでの間は清掃作業を開始できず、即応性に欠ける。超音波発生器を外筒内の一箇所にのみ配置しているので、超音波発生器の近傍ではスクリーンに付着している汚泥等を除去できるが、超音波発生器から遠く離れた個所では超音波が減衰し、その振動エネルギーが極端に小さくなるため、充分な洗浄効果を得難い。超音波発生器が外筒の内部に配置してあるので、その点検や補修作業を行う場合にスクリューや外筒等を分解する必要があり、超音波発生器の点検や補修作業に多くの手間が掛かる。超音波発生器を完全防水する必要があるので、防水構造に採る分だけ構造が複雑化する不利もある。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、超音波振動を利用してろ過スクリーンの清掃を行うスクリュー脱水機において、筒状のスクリーンの全周面を満遍なくしかも簡便に清掃することにある。本発明の目的は、スクリーンの目詰まり状況に応じて、いつでもスクリーン清掃を行え、しかも超音波発生器の点検や補修作業が容易に行え、設置に要するスペースも少なくて済むスクリュー脱水機を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のスクリュー脱水機は、図1に示すように圧搾スクリュー8と、筒状のろ過スクリーン9と、ろ過スクリーン9の周囲を囲む外殻ケース2と、ろ過スクリーン9における脱水ケーキの出口30に配置されるゲート機構4とを備えている。圧搾スクリュー8、ろ過スクリーン9および外殻ケース2は、それぞれ縦長姿勢で配置されて、外殻ケース2の上部に圧搾液の排液口21が設けられている。排液口21で規定される圧搾液の液位Lより下側の外殻ケース2の周面複数箇所には、超音波振動を発振する多数個の超音波発生器40が配置されている。
【0008】
これら超音波発生器40は、外殻ケース2の長手方向の同じ高さ位置において、該外殻ケース2の周方向の対向位置に配された一対の超音波発生器40・40を一つの単位として、これら単位が外殻ケース2の長手方向に沿って一定間隔置きに分散配置されており、各単位を構成する超音波発生器40・40は、隣接する長手方向の単位を構成する超音波発生器40・40に対して、周方向へは90度ずつ位相がずれている。各超音波発生器40の発振部41は、外殻ケース2に設けた装着口42を介して外殻ケース2の内面に臨んでいる。ろ過スクリーン9の清掃に際しては、圧搾スクリュー8を逆転回転させて脱水ケーキをほぐし含水させて軟らかくしたのちに、各超音波発生器40を駆動する。単位段を構成する超音波発生器40・40の対は、交互に駆動することができる。
【0009】
外殻ケース2は、上ケース6と、上ケース6に対して着脱できる主ケース7とで構成する。含水物の入口14は上ケース6に、圧搾液の排液口21は主ケース7の上部にそれぞれ設けて、圧搾液の液位Lを主ケース6の上部に設定する。上ケース6の内部には、圧搾スクリュー8の連結軸8aの外周囲を覆う保護筒13を配置し、この保護筒13の内面上部に連結軸8aをシールするシール体12を配置することができる。
【0010】
【発明の作用効果】
本発明では、圧搾スクリュー8、ろ過スクリーン9および外殻ケース2を縦長姿勢で配置し、さらに外殻ケース2の上部に排液口21を設けことにより、外殻ケース2内に圧搾液が充満し、圧搾スクリュー8およびろ過スクリーン9の殆どの部分が圧搾液中に浸漬する状態で脱水処理を行うようにした。そのうえで、排液口21によって規定される圧搾液の液位Lより下側の外殻ケース2の周面複数箇所に超音波発生器40配置して、ろ過スクリーン9の周面全体に超音波振動がむらなく到達できるようにした。従って本発明によれば、ろ過スクリーン9が目詰まりした場合には、圧搾作業を中断した後、超音波発生器40を駆動するだけでろ過隙間を塞ぐ固形物を除去し、脱水機能を適正な状態に回復させることができる。
【0011】
つまり、圧搾液の充満を待つ必要もなく、ろ過隙間の清掃を簡便にしかも即座に行えるうえ、外殻ケース2の周面に配置した複数個の超音波発生器40でろ過スクリーン9の周囲を均等にむらなく洗浄して、脱水機能を効果的に回復できる。また、各超音波発生器40は外殻ケース2の周面に配置してあるので、外殻ケース2やろ過スクリーン9などを分解する必要もなく、超音波発生器40の点検や交換等の補修作業が少ない手間で簡単に行える。スクリュー脱水機は縦長に構成したので、その設置に要するスペースが少なくて済む利点もある。
【0012】
多数個の超音波発生器40が外殻ケース2の周方向および長手方向に沿って一定間隔置きに配置されたスクリュー脱水機によれば、超音波発生器40で発生させた振動波をろ過スクリーン9の周囲に対して均等に作用させて、ろ過隙間の洗浄を確実にしかも短時間で行うことができる。超音波発生器40の発振部41が、外殻ケース2に設けた装着口42を介して外殻ケース2の内面に臨んでいると、超音波発生器40で発生した振動波を圧搾液中に直接発振できるので、振動エネルギーのロスがなく、より強力な振動波をろ過スクリーン9に作用させて、ろ過隙間の洗浄をさらに効果的に行うことができる。超音波発生器40の発振部41のみを防水すればよいので、超音波発生器40の全体を圧搾液中に浸漬する場合に比べて、超音波発生器40の構造が簡素化し、その分だけコストを削減できる。
【0013】
上ケース6と、主ケース7とで外殻ケース2を構成し、上ケース6に含水物の入口14を設け、さらに主ケース7の上部に圧搾液の排液口21を設けて、圧搾液の液位Lを主ケース6の上部に設定すると、圧搾スクリュー8の連結軸8a用のシール体12が上ケース6内の気層部に位置して、ろ過スクリーン9内に送り込まれる含水物が直接シール体12に付着するのを防止できるうえ、シール体12の周囲を保護筒13で覆って、入口14から送給される含水物がシール体12に付着するのを防止できるので、シール体12が早期に摩滅するのを解消し、その寿命を延ばすことができる。
【0014】
【実施例】
図面は本発明に係るスクリュー脱水機の実施例を示しており、図2に示すごとく、スタンド1で垂直に支持される縦長の外殻ケース2と、外殻ケース2の上端に配置される減速機付きのモーター3と、外殻ケース2の他側端に設けられるゲート機構4と、含水物を加圧送給するポンプ5とを備えている。
【0015】
外殻ケース2は、スタンド1に固定支持される上ケース6と、上ケース6にこれの下方にあって連続する主ケース7とに分割されており、その内部に圧搾スクリュー8とろ過スクリーン9とが収容してある。
【0016】
図1において上ケース6は下向きに開口する筒状のケースからなり、ケース上面に固定した軸受ケース10上にモーター3が取り付けられ、軸受ケース10の内部に設けた一対のベアリング11に、圧搾スクリュー8の上端の連結軸8aが軸支されている。この連結軸8aはモーター3の出力軸3aにキーを介して固定して、その外周囲が保護筒13で覆われており、保護筒13の内面上部に装着したシール体12でベアリング11との間を水密状に封止している。
【0017】
上ケース6の外周筒壁には含水物を供給するための入口14が設けてある。上ケース6の下面の開口周縁には、主ケース7を接続するためのフランジ15を固定してあり、フランジ15の下面側に主ケース7およびろ過スクリーン9を位置決めするためのピン16が突設されている。含水物はポンプ5で入口14を介して上ケース6内に加圧送給するが、入口14から噴出の含水物がシール体12に直接付着するのを避けるために上下に長い先の保護筒13を設け、連結軸8aの殆どの上方部分を保護筒13で覆っている。
【0018】
主ケース7は、上ケース6と同径で上下両端が開口する筒ケースからなり、上端および下端のそれぞれにフランジ17・18を固定してある。上端のフランジ17を上ケース6のフランジ15に接合して、両者15・17をボルト19で締結することにより、主ケース7を上ケース6と一体化でき、ボルト19を外すことにより主ケース7と上ケース6とを分離できる。主ケース7の筒壁の上端一側には、圧搾液を回収する排液口21が設けてある。このように、外殻ケース2の上部に排液口21を設けてあると、外殻ケース2の内部を圧搾液で常に満たして、図1の符号Lで示す液位より下方に位置する、圧搾スクリュー8およびろ過スクリーン9の殆どの部分を圧搾液に浸漬させておくことができる。
【0019】
圧搾スクリュー8は、中空の主軸23とその外周囲に固定した螺旋ブレード24と、主軸23の上端に固定した連結軸8aとからなり、連結軸8aをベアリング11で片持ち状に軸支することにより垂直に吊持されている。主軸23とろ過スクリーン9との間隔が大きいと、ろ過スクリーン9に近い側の含水物のみが圧搾されて、主軸23に近い側の含水物が圧搾されにくい。そこでこの実施例では、主軸23の外周面とろ過スクリーン9の内周面との間隔を30mmとして、含水物を均一に脱水できるようにした。螺旋ブレード24は、一端から他端へ向かって同径、同ピッチに形成してある。
【0020】
図4においてろ過スクリーン9は、耐圧性に優れたウエッジワイヤー9aをろ過要素とする円筒状に形成されており、その上下両端に上フランジ27と下フランジ28とを固定してある。主ケース7内にろ過スクリーン9を差し込み、その上フランジ27を上ケース6側のピン16に係合し、さらに下フランジ28を主ケース6のフランジ18にボルト29(図2参照)で締結することにより、主ケース6に対してろ過スクリーン9を同心状に固定する。上ケース6に主ケース7を装着した状態においては、ろ過スクリーン9の内面が螺旋ブレード24の突端周面に接触している。下フランジ28の中央には、脱水ケーキの出口30が円孔状に開口している。
【0021】
図3においてゲート機構4は、先の出口30を塞ぐ円盤状のゲート体32と、ゲート体32およびフランジ18に挿通される一対の調整ボルト34と、各調整ボルト34にねじ込まれるナット36およびばね受片35と、ばね受片35とフランジ18との間に配置される圧縮コイル形のばね37とからなる。ゲート体32は、常態において前記ばね37で出口30側に押し付け付勢されて、出口30を塞いでおり、ナット36の締め込み量を調整することで脱水状態を調整できる。
【0022】
上記構成のスクリュー脱水機において、目詰まり状態に陥ったろ過スクリーン9のろ過隙間を清掃して脱水機能を回復するために、外殻ケース2の周面に多数個(10個)の超音波発生器40を設ける。この超音波発生器40は市販品からなり、図4に示すようにその発振部41が主ケース7の壁面に貫通状に設けた装着口42を介して主ケース7内に臨み、ろ過スクリーン9の周面と対向するように取り付けてある。
【0023】
各超音波発生器40は主ケース7の上下長手方向に沿って一定間隔置きに、しかも周方向へは90度ずつ位相がずれるように分散配置してある。このように、各超音波発生器40がろ過スクリーン9の周囲を取り囲むように分散配置されていると、各超音波発生器40から発振した超音波振動をろ過スクリーン9の周面に対して均等に、しかも確実に作用させることができるので、ろ過スクリーン9のろ過隙間を塞いでいる固形物を確実に剥落させて除去できる。超音波発生器40の発振エネルギーを増強すると、主ケース7内に充満する圧搾液中でキャビテーションに伴う水蒸気泡が発生し、水蒸気泡が破裂する際の圧搾液の衝突圧力によって、ろ過隙間を塞いでいた固形物を剥落して除去できる。図5において符号43は超音波発生器40用の制御装置である。
【0024】
本発明のスクリュー脱水機は、土木建設現場で発生する微粒子を含んだ汚泥原液の固液分離を行う場合などに用いる。その際、従来は汚泥原液に高分子凝集剤を加えて微粒子を凝集したうえで、この凝集液をスクリュー脱水機で圧搾することにより、微粒子を含まない水分と脱水ケーキとに分離していたが、本発明のスクリュー脱水機では、高分子凝集剤による前処理を省略して汚泥原液を直接圧搾する。具体的には、図5に示すごとく汚泥槽44に貯留された汚泥原液をポンプ5で上ケース6の入口14へ加圧送給し、圧搾スクリュー8をモーター3で回転駆動して圧搾を行う。
【0025】
ろ過スクリーン9内の汚泥原液は、螺旋ブレード24で出口30へ向かって押し込まれ、出口30へ到達するまでの間に圧搾され脱水される。脱水された固形物すなわち脱水ケーキは、強制的に下方の出口30側へ押し込まれ、ばね37の付勢力に抗しながらゲート体32を押し開けて出口30から落下し、ケーキ容器45に収容される。ろ過スクリーン9を通り抜けた圧搾液は、排液口21から排出されて排液槽46に回収される。
【0026】
例えば、排液口21からの圧搾液の流量が一定量未満になると、これを流量センサー48で検知することにより、ろ過スクリーン9が目詰まり状態になっていると判定する。その場合には、ろ過スクリーン9を清掃する。それには、まずポンプ5による汚泥原液の送給を停止し、さらにモーター3を逆転駆動して脱水ケーキをほぐし含水させて軟らかくする。
【0027】
この状態で超音波発生器40を駆動し、主ケース6内に充満する圧搾水を介して振動波を作用させると、ろ過スクリーン9のろ過隙間に付着していた脱水ケーキが振動を受けて剥離される。振動波を受けたウエッジワイヤー9aこれ自体が振動することによっても、ろ過隙間に付着の脱水ケーキを振り落とすことができる。このとき、超音波発生器40は一斉に駆動してもよいし、主ケース7の周面で対向する超音波発生器40の対を交互に駆動して、振動波がろ過スクリーン9に対して左右方向あるいは上下方向から交互に到達するようにしてもよい。この後、汚泥源液をポンプ5でろ過スクリーン9内へ送給し、圧搾スクリュー8による圧搾を再開する。
【0028】
上記以外に、外殻ケース2は圧搾スクリュー8の中心軸が斜めに傾く状態で配置してもよく、その場合には排液口21は主ケース7の上部に設けて、圧搾スクリュー8とろ過スクリーン9の大半の部分が圧搾液中に浸漬されるようにする。超音波発生器40の配置形態は、実施例で説明した配置形態と異なっていてもよく、例えば主ケース7の周面に螺旋状に配置することができる。超音波発生器40はその発振部41が主ケース7の外周面に密着する状態で配置してもよい。
【0029】
圧搾スクリュー8は先すぼまり形状や、末広がり形状になっていてもよい。螺旋ブレード24は出口30に近づくに従ってそのピッチが小さくなるようにすることができる。実施例で説明した外殻ケース2は上下を反転して、出口30を上端に設け、さらに排液口21を出口30の近傍に設けてもよい。スタンド1の支持対象は主ケース7であってもよいし、上ケース6と主ケース7の双方であってもよい。ゲート機構4は、ばね37を省略して、流体圧シリンダでゲート体32を閉じ付勢してもよい。ろ過スクリーン9は必ずしもウエッジワイヤーをろ過要素とする必要はなく、パンチングメタルや、複数種のろ過要素を内外に重ねて形成してあってもよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】上部の縦断正面図
【図2】側面図
【図3】縦断側面図
【図4】図3におけるA−A線断面図
【図5】使用例を説明する正面図
【符号の説明】
2 外殻ケース
6 上ケース
7 主ケース
8 圧搾スクリュー
9 ろ過スクリーン
12 シール体
13 保護筒
14 入口
21 排液口
30 出口
40 超音波発生器
41 発振部
42 装着口
L 液位
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a screw dehydrator having a mechanism for cleaning a screen and eliminating clogging, and more particularly to a screw dehydrator that performs cleaning using ultrasonic vibration. The screw dehydrator squeezes a hydrated material at a civil engineering construction site, a chemical factory, a food factory, a paper mill, etc., and separates the hydrated substance into a cake-like solid and a liquid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a general screw dehydrator, a hydrated material to be squeezed is conveyed by a spiral blade, and the hydrated material is squeezed by a spiral blade and a filtration screen between them to separate into a cake-like solid and a liquid. For example, when performing solid-liquid separation of a sludge stock solution containing fine particles generated at a civil engineering construction site, a polymer flocculant is added to the sludge stock solution to agglomerate the fine particles, and then this aggregate solution is compressed with a screw dehydrator. By doing so, it is separated into a filtrate and a dehydrated cake that do not contain fine particles. If the hydrated material is continuously squeezed in this way, the solid matter may be clogged in the filtration gap of the screen, and the squeezing efficiency may be rapidly reduced.
[0003]
As a means for eliminating the clogging of the screen as described above, it is known in Japanese Patent No. 2637390 that a pressurized cleaning water is sprayed to clean the screen, and compressed air is applied to the rotationally driven screen. It is known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-179492 to wash by spraying. In the former, a group of cleaning nozzles is arranged along the spiral blade. In the latter, the entire peripheral surface of the screen can be cleaned by rotationally driving the screen with respect to a rod-shaped cleaning nozzle. According to the screw dehydrator that performs cleaning by spraying pressurized fluid onto the screen in this way, although clogging of the screen can be surely removed, it is necessary to separately provide a cleaning nozzle, and it is necessary to rotationally drive the screen. However, the overall structure becomes complicated. In the former apparatus in which a group of cleaning nozzles is arranged along the spiral blade, much effort is required to repair or replace the cleaning nozzles.
[0004]
In the screw dehydrator of the present invention, the screen is cleaned using ultrasonic vibration. This type of cleaning mechanism is known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-149709. There, an ultrasonic generator is disposed inside an outer cylinder that covers the periphery of the screen. At the time of cleaning, the ultrasonic vibrator is driven in a state where the outer cylinder is filled with the compressed water, the compressed water is vibrated with ultrasonic waves, the sludge is peeled off from the screen surface, and further, by cavitation accompanying ultrasonic vibration in the compressed water It is said that bubbles are generated and sludge on the screen surface can be peeled and removed when the bubbles hit the screen. The screw dehydrator of the present invention is arranged in a state where the screw is vertically long. This type of dehydrator is known, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-84545.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the screw dehydrator described above, during normal dehydration operation, a valve provided at the drain of the outer cylinder is opened to allow the compressed water to naturally flow out of the cylinder. When cleaning the screen, it is necessary to close the previous valve and fill the outer cylinder with compressed water, or separately supply wash water to fill the outer cylinder with water. Therefore, the cleaning operation cannot be started until the compressed water or the washing water is filled, and the responsiveness is lacking. Since the ultrasonic generator is placed only at one location in the outer cylinder, sludge adhering to the screen can be removed in the vicinity of the ultrasonic generator, but it can be removed at a location far away from the ultrasonic generator. Since the sound wave attenuates and the vibration energy becomes extremely small, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient cleaning effect. Since the ultrasonic generator is placed inside the outer cylinder, it is necessary to disassemble the screw, outer cylinder, etc. when performing inspection and repair work, which requires a lot of labor for inspection and repair work of the ultrasonic generator. It takes. Since it is necessary to completely waterproof the ultrasonic generator, there is also a disadvantage that the structure becomes complicated by the waterproof structure.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to uniformly and easily clean the entire peripheral surface of a cylindrical screen in a screw dehydrator that cleans a filtration screen using ultrasonic vibration. An object of the present invention is to provide a screw dehydrator that can clean a screen at any time according to the clogging condition of the screen, can easily check and repair an ultrasonic generator, and requires less space for installation. There is.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As shown in FIG. 1, the screw dehydrator of the present invention includes a pressing screw 8, a cylindrical filtration screen 9, an outer shell case 2 surrounding the filtration screen 9, and a dehydrated cake outlet 30 in the filtration screen 9. And a gate mechanism 4 to be arranged. The pressing screw 8, the filtration screen 9, and the outer shell case 2 are arranged in a vertically long posture, and a discharge port 21 for pressing liquid is provided on the upper portion of the outer shell case 2. The liquid level peripheral surface a plurality of locations of the lower side of the outer shell case 2 than L of the compressed fluid which is defined by drain port 21, that have a large number of ultrasonic generator 40 for oscillating the ultrasonic vibration is disposed.
[0008]
These ultrasonic generators 40 are a unit of a pair of ultrasonic generators 40 and 40 arranged at opposite positions in the circumferential direction of the outer shell case 2 at the same height in the longitudinal direction of the outer shell case 2. These units are distributed at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the outer shell case 2, and the ultrasonic generators 40 and 40 constituting each unit are ultrasonic waves constituting adjacent longitudinal units. The phases are shifted by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction with respect to the generators 40 and 40. The oscillating portion 41 of each ultrasonic generator 40 faces the inner surface of the outer shell case 2 through a mounting opening 42 provided in the outer shell case 2. When cleaning the filter screen 9, the ultrasonic screw 40 is driven after the pressing screw 8 is rotated in the reverse direction to loosen and dehydrate the dehydrated cake and soften it. The pair of ultrasonic generators 40 and 40 constituting the unit stage can be driven alternately.
[0009]
The outer shell case 2 includes an upper case 6 and a main case 7 that can be attached to and detached from the upper case 6. The inlet 14 of the hydrous material is provided in the upper case 6, and the outlet 21 for the compressed liquid is provided in the upper part of the main case 7, and the liquid level L of the compressed liquid is set in the upper part of the main case 6. Inside the upper case 6, a protective cylinder 13 that covers the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 8a of the squeezing screw 8 can be disposed, and a seal body 12 that seals the connecting shaft 8a can be disposed on the inner surface of the protective cylinder 13. .
[0010]
[Effects of the invention]
In the present invention, the squeezing screw 8, the filtration screen 9 and the outer shell case 2 are arranged in a vertically long posture, and the drainage port 21 is provided on the upper portion of the outer shell case 2, so that the outer shell case 2 is filled with the compressed liquid. The dehydration process was performed with most of the pressing screw 8 and the filtration screen 9 being immersed in the pressing liquid. In addition, ultrasonic generators 40 are arranged at a plurality of locations on the peripheral surface of the outer shell case 2 below the liquid level L of the squeezed liquid defined by the drain port 21, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the entire peripheral surface of the filtration screen 9. Was able to reach evenly. Therefore, according to the present invention, when the filtration screen 9 is clogged, after squeezing operation is interrupted, the solid matter blocking the filtration gap is removed only by driving the ultrasonic generator 40, and the dehydration function is properly performed. It can be restored to the state.
[0011]
That is, there is no need to wait for the filling of the compressed liquid, the filtration gap can be easily and immediately cleaned, and the surroundings of the filtration screen 9 are surrounded by a plurality of ultrasonic generators 40 arranged on the peripheral surface of the outer shell case 2. The dehydration function can be effectively recovered by washing evenly and evenly. Further, since each ultrasonic generator 40 is arranged on the peripheral surface of the outer shell case 2, there is no need to disassemble the outer shell case 2, the filtration screen 9, etc., and the ultrasonic generator 40 can be inspected and replaced. It can be easily done with little effort and repair work. Since the screw dehydrator is configured in a vertically long shape, there is an advantage that a small space is required for installation.
[0012]
According to the screw dehydrator in which a large number of ultrasonic generators 40 are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the outer shell case 2, the vibration waves generated by the ultrasonic generator 40 are filtered. It is possible to perform the cleaning of the filtration gap reliably and in a short time by acting uniformly on the periphery of 9. When the oscillating portion 41 of the ultrasonic generator 40 faces the inner surface of the outer shell case 2 via the mounting opening 42 provided in the outer shell case 2, vibration waves generated by the ultrasonic generator 40 are being compressed. Since the vibration can be directly oscillated, there is no loss of vibration energy, and a more powerful vibration wave can be applied to the filtration screen 9 to more effectively clean the filtration gap. Since only the oscillating portion 41 of the ultrasonic generator 40 needs to be waterproofed, the structure of the ultrasonic generator 40 is simplified compared with the case where the entire ultrasonic generator 40 is immersed in the compressed liquid, and only that much. Cost can be reduced.
[0013]
The upper case 6 and the main case 7 constitute the outer shell case 2, the upper case 6 is provided with an inlet 14 for a hydrated substance, and further, a compressed liquid discharge port 21 is provided at the upper part of the main case 7. When the liquid level L is set at the upper part of the main case 6, the sealing body 12 for the connecting shaft 8 a of the squeezing screw 8 is located in the air layer part in the upper case 6, and the hydrated matter fed into the filtration screen 9 is The seal body 12 can be prevented from adhering directly, and the periphery of the seal body 12 is covered with the protective cylinder 13 so that the water-containing material fed from the inlet 14 can be prevented from adhering to the seal body 12. 12 can be prevented from wearing out early, and its life can be extended.
[0014]
【Example】
The drawing shows an embodiment of a screw dehydrator according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, a vertically long outer shell case 2 that is vertically supported by a stand 1 and a speed reducer disposed at the upper end of the outer shell case 2. A motor 3 with a machine, a gate mechanism 4 provided at the other side end of the outer shell case 2, and a pump 5 for feeding and supplying water-containing material under pressure are provided.
[0015]
The outer shell case 2 is divided into an upper case 6 fixedly supported on the stand 1 and a main case 7 below and continuous with the upper case 6, and a squeezing screw 8 and a filtration screen 9 are provided therein. And is housed.
[0016]
In FIG. 1, the upper case 6 is formed of a cylindrical case that opens downward. The motor 3 is mounted on a bearing case 10 fixed to the upper surface of the case, and a pair of bearings 11 provided inside the bearing case 10 are connected to a compression screw. A connecting shaft 8a at the upper end of 8 is pivotally supported. The connecting shaft 8a is fixed to the output shaft 3a of the motor 3 through a key, and the outer periphery thereof is covered with a protective cylinder 13. The seal body 12 attached to the upper part of the inner surface of the protective cylinder 13 is connected to the bearing 11. The space is sealed in a watertight manner.
[0017]
An inlet 14 for supplying hydrated material is provided on the outer peripheral cylindrical wall of the upper case 6. A flange 15 for connecting the main case 7 is fixed to the opening peripheral edge of the lower surface of the upper case 6, and a pin 16 for positioning the main case 7 and the filtration screen 9 protrudes from the lower surface side of the flange 15. Has been. The hydrated matter is pressurized and fed into the upper case 6 through the inlet 14 by the pump 5. In order to prevent the hydrated matter ejected from the inlet 14 from directly adhering to the seal body 12, the protective cylinder 13 that is long at the top and bottom is provided. And most of the upper part of the connecting shaft 8a is covered with a protective cylinder 13.
[0018]
The main case 7 is a cylindrical case having the same diameter as the upper case 6 and open at both upper and lower ends, and flanges 17 and 18 are fixed to the upper end and the lower end, respectively. By joining the flange 17 at the upper end to the flange 15 of the upper case 6 and fastening both the bolts 19 with the bolts 19, the main case 7 can be integrated with the upper case 6, and by removing the bolts 19, the main case 7 And the upper case 6 can be separated. A drainage port 21 for collecting the squeezed liquid is provided on one side of the upper end of the cylindrical wall of the main case 7. Thus, when the drainage port 21 is provided in the upper part of the outer shell case 2, the inside of the outer shell case 2 is always filled with the squeezed liquid, and located below the liquid level indicated by the symbol L in FIG. Most parts of the pressing screw 8 and the filtration screen 9 can be immersed in the pressing liquid.
[0019]
The compression screw 8 includes a hollow main shaft 23, a spiral blade 24 fixed to the outer periphery thereof, and a connecting shaft 8 a fixed to the upper end of the main shaft 23, and the connecting shaft 8 a is cantilevered by a bearing 11. Is suspended vertically. When the distance between the main shaft 23 and the filtration screen 9 is large, only the hydrated material on the side close to the filtration screen 9 is compressed, and the hydrated material on the side close to the main shaft 23 is hardly compressed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the filtration screen 9 is set to 30 mm so that the water-containing material can be dehydrated uniformly. The spiral blade 24 has the same diameter and the same pitch from one end to the other end.
[0020]
In FIG. 4, the filtration screen 9 is formed in a cylindrical shape using a wedge wire 9 a excellent in pressure resistance as a filtration element, and an upper flange 27 and a lower flange 28 are fixed to upper and lower ends thereof. The filtration screen 9 is inserted into the main case 7, the upper flange 27 is engaged with the pin 16 on the upper case 6 side, and the lower flange 28 is fastened to the flange 18 of the main case 6 with bolts 29 (see FIG. 2). Thus, the filtration screen 9 is fixed concentrically to the main case 6. In a state where the main case 7 is attached to the upper case 6, the inner surface of the filtration screen 9 is in contact with the peripheral surface of the protruding end of the spiral blade 24. In the center of the lower flange 28, a dewatered cake outlet 30 is opened in a circular shape.
[0021]
In FIG. 3, the gate mechanism 4 includes a disk-shaped gate body 32 that blocks the previous outlet 30, a pair of adjustment bolts 34 that are inserted through the gate body 32 and the flange 18, and nuts 36 and springs that are screwed into the adjustment bolts 34. It comprises a receiving piece 35 and a compression coil spring 37 disposed between the spring receiving piece 35 and the flange 18. The gate body 32 is normally pressed against the outlet 30 by the spring 37 and closes the outlet 30, and the dewatering state can be adjusted by adjusting the tightening amount of the nut 36.
[0022]
In the screw dehydrator configured as described above, a large number (10) of ultrasonic waves are generated on the peripheral surface of the outer shell case 2 in order to recover the dehydration function by cleaning the filtration gap of the clogged filtration screen 9. A container 40 is provided. The ultrasonic generator 40 is a commercially available product, and as shown in FIG. 4, the oscillating portion 41 faces the inside of the main case 7 through a mounting opening 42 provided in a penetrating manner on the wall surface of the main case 7. It is attached so as to face the peripheral surface.
[0023]
The ultrasonic generators 40 are dispersedly arranged at regular intervals along the vertical direction of the main case 7 and so that the phases are shifted by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. As described above, when the ultrasonic generators 40 are arranged so as to surround the filtration screen 9, the ultrasonic vibrations oscillated from the ultrasonic generators 40 are evenly distributed with respect to the peripheral surface of the filtration screen 9. In addition, since it can act reliably, the solid matter blocking the filtration gap of the filtration screen 9 can be reliably peeled off and removed. When the oscillation energy of the ultrasonic generator 40 is increased, water vapor bubbles accompanying cavitation are generated in the compressed liquid filling the main case 7 and the filtration gap is blocked by the collision pressure of the compressed liquid when the water vapor bubbles burst. The solid matter that has come off can be peeled off and removed. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 43 denotes a control device for the ultrasonic generator 40.
[0024]
The screw dehydrator of the present invention is used when performing solid-liquid separation of a sludge stock solution containing fine particles generated at a civil engineering construction site. At that time, conventionally, a polymer flocculant was added to the sludge stock solution to agglomerate the fine particles, and this agglomerated liquid was squeezed with a screw dehydrator to separate moisture and dehydrated cake that did not contain fine particles. In the screw dehydrator of the present invention, the pretreatment with the polymer flocculant is omitted and the sludge stock solution is directly squeezed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, sludge stock solution stored in the sludge tank 44 is pressurized and fed to the inlet 14 of the upper case 6 by the pump 5, and the squeezing screw 8 is rotationally driven by the motor 3 to perform squeezing.
[0025]
The sludge stock solution in the filtration screen 9 is pushed toward the outlet 30 by the spiral blade 24 and is compressed and dehydrated before reaching the outlet 30. The dehydrated solid substance, that is, the dehydrated cake, is forcibly pushed into the lower outlet 30 side, pushes open the gate body 32 against the urging force of the spring 37, falls from the outlet 30, and is stored in the cake container 45. The The compressed liquid that has passed through the filtration screen 9 is discharged from the drain port 21 and collected in the drain tank 46.
[0026]
For example, when the flow rate of the squeezed liquid from the drain port 21 is less than a certain amount, the flow rate sensor 48 detects this to determine that the filtration screen 9 is clogged. In that case, the filtration screen 9 is cleaned. For this purpose, first, the supply of the sludge undiluted solution by the pump 5 is stopped, and further, the motor 3 is driven in reverse to loosen the dehydrated cake so as to contain water and soften it.
[0027]
When the ultrasonic generator 40 is driven in this state and a vibration wave is applied through the compressed water filling the main case 6, the dewatered cake attached to the filtration gap of the filtration screen 9 is vibrated and peeled off. Is done. The dehydrated cake adhering to the filtration gap can be shaken off also by the fact that the wedge wire 9a itself that has received the vibration wave vibrates. At this time, the ultrasonic generator 40 may be driven all at once, or alternatively, the pair of ultrasonic generators 40 facing each other on the peripheral surface of the main case 7 are alternately driven so that the vibration wave is applied to the filtration screen 9. You may make it arrive alternately from the left-right direction or the up-down direction. Thereafter, the sludge source liquid is fed into the filtration screen 9 by the pump 5 and the squeezing by the squeezing screw 8 is resumed.
[0028]
In addition to the above, the outer shell case 2 may be arranged in a state where the central axis of the pressing screw 8 is inclined, and in that case, the drain port 21 is provided at the upper part of the main case 7 and the pressing screw 8 and the filtration screw are filtered. The most part of the screen 9 is immersed in the pressing liquid. The arrangement form of the ultrasonic generator 40 may be different from the arrangement form described in the embodiment. For example, the ultrasonic generator 40 can be arranged on the peripheral surface of the main case 7 in a spiral shape. The ultrasonic generator 40 may be arranged in a state in which the oscillating portion 41 is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the main case 7.
[0029]
The pressing screw 8 may have a tapered shape or a divergent shape. The pitch of the spiral blade 24 can be reduced as it approaches the outlet 30. The outer shell case 2 described in the embodiment may be turned upside down, the outlet 30 may be provided at the upper end, and the drain port 21 may be provided in the vicinity of the outlet 30. The support target of the stand 1 may be the main case 7 or both the upper case 6 and the main case 7. The gate mechanism 4 may omit the spring 37 and close and bias the gate body 32 with a fluid pressure cylinder. The filtration screen 9 does not necessarily need to use a wedge wire as a filtration element, and may be formed by overlapping punching metal or a plurality of types of filtration elements inside and outside.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a front view of a vertical section of the upper portion. FIG. 2 is a side view of the vertical section. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. ]
2 Outer shell case 6 Upper case 7 Main case 8 Squeeze screw 9 Filtration screen 12 Sealing body 13 Protective cylinder 14 Inlet 21 Drainage port 30 Outlet 40 Ultrasonic generator 41 Oscillator 42 Mounting port L Liquid level

Claims (2)

圧搾スクリュー(8)と、筒状のろ過スクリーン(9)と、ろ過スクリーン(9)の周囲を囲む外殻ケース(2)と、ろ過スクリーン(9)における脱水ケーキの出口(30)に配置されるゲート機構(4)とを備えており、
圧搾スクリュー(8)、ろ過スクリーン(9)および外殻ケース(2)は、それぞれ縦長姿勢で配置されて、外殻ケース(2)の上部に圧搾液の排液口(21)が設けられており、
排液口(21)で規定される圧搾液の液位(L)より下側の外殻ケース(2)の周面複数箇所に、超音波振動を発振する多数個の超音波発生器(40)が配されており、
外殻ケース(2)の長手方向の同じ高さ位置において、該外殻ケース(2)の周方向の対向位置に配された一対の超音波発生器(40・40)を単位段として、これら単位段が外殻ケース(2)の長手方向に沿って一定間隔置きに分散配置されており、
各単位段を構成する超音波発生器(40・40)は、隣接する長手方向の単位段を構成する超音波発生器(40・40)に対して、周方向へは90度ずつ位相がずれており、
各超音波発生器(40)の発振部(41)が、外殻ケース(2)に設けた装着口(42)を介して外殻ケース(2)の内面に臨んでおり、
ろ過スクリーン(9)の清掃に際しては、圧搾スクリュー(8)を逆転回転させて脱水ケーキをほぐし含水させて軟らかくしたのちに、各超音波発生器(40)を駆動するようにしてあり、
単位段を構成する超音波発生器(40・40)の対を交互に駆動できることを特徴とするスクリュー脱水機。
The screw (8), the cylindrical filtration screen (9), the outer shell case (2) surrounding the circumference of the filtration screen (9), and the outlet (30) of the dehydrated cake in the filtration screen (9) And a gate mechanism (4)
The compression screw (8), the filtration screen (9), and the outer shell case (2) are each arranged in a vertically long posture, and a discharge port (21) for the compressed liquid is provided on the upper portion of the outer shell case (2). And
Multiple ultrasonic generators (40) that oscillate ultrasonic vibrations at a plurality of locations on the peripheral surface of the outer shell case (2) below the level (L) of the compressed liquid defined by the drainage port (21). )
A pair of ultrasonic generators (40, 40) arranged at opposite positions in the circumferential direction of the outer shell case (2) at the same height position in the longitudinal direction of the outer shell case (2) are used as unit stages. Unit steps are distributed at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the outer shell case (2),
The ultrasonic generators (40, 40) constituting each unit stage are 90 degrees out of phase in the circumferential direction with respect to the ultrasonic generators (40, 40) constituting the adjacent longitudinal unit stages. And
The oscillating portion (41) of each ultrasonic generator (40) faces the inner surface of the outer shell case (2) via the mounting opening (42) provided in the outer shell case (2).
When cleaning the filtration screen (9), after rotating the squeezing screw (8) in a reverse direction to loosen the dehydrated cake and soften it, each ultrasonic generator (40) is driven ,
A screw dehydrator, wherein a pair of ultrasonic generators (40, 40) constituting a unit stage can be driven alternately .
外殻ケース(2)が、上ケース(6)と、上ケース(6)に対して着脱できる主ケース(7)とで構成されており、
含水物の入口(14)が上ケース(6)に、圧搾液の排液口(21)が主ケース(7)の上部にそれぞれ設けられて、圧搾液の液位(L)が主ケース(6)の上部に設定されており、
上ケース(6)の内部に、圧搾スクリュー(8)の連結軸(8a)の外周囲を覆う保護筒(13)が配置され、この保護筒(13)の内面上部に連結軸(8a)をシールするシール体(12)が配置されている請求項1記載のスクリュー脱水機
The outer shell case (2) is composed of an upper case (6) and a main case (7) that can be attached to and detached from the upper case (6).
The hydrated material inlet (14) is provided in the upper case (6), the squeezed liquid outlet (21) is provided in the upper part of the main case (7), and the liquid level (L) of the squeezed liquid is in the main case Is set at the top of 6)
A protective cylinder (13) that covers the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (8a) of the pressing screw (8) is disposed inside the upper case (6), and the connecting shaft (8a) is placed on the inner surface of the protective cylinder (13). The screw dehydrator according to claim 1, wherein a sealing body (12) for sealing is disposed .
JP2002056155A 2002-03-01 2002-03-01 Screw dehydrator Expired - Lifetime JP4342762B2 (en)

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JP4787454B2 (en) * 2002-11-18 2011-10-05 サンケン工業株式会社 Screw dehydrator
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