JP4326139B2 - Extrusion molding machine and molding method using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is, for example, an extrusion molding machine for producing coke raw material by molding plastic general waste such as sorted household waste into a predetermined shape so that it can be used as a coal substitute raw material for coke oven equipment. It relates to the molding method used.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a conventional method for producing a molded product, for example, waste that has been unpacked, crushed, sorted, and crushed into plastic in a compressed package is converted into a screw-type extrusion molding machine that rotates at a constant speed with a screw-type quantitative feeder. Supply, compression by screw extrusion, friction (heat), friction between plastics (heat) and heating to melt the thermoplastic resin contained in the waste, and extrude it from the extrusion port, to obtain a massive molded product having a predetermined shape There was a manufacturing method.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as in the conventional method of manufacturing a molded product, the purpose of the extrusion molding machine adopted for the volume reduction treatment of general plastic waste is to reduce the landfill disposal capacity. Size, bulk specific gravity, and lump ratio) were not performed. In addition, even when trying to mold a product of a certain quality, the waste extruded from the extrusion molding machine was broken up with a rod-shaped breaking machine to form a molded product. The part shape and length could not be aligned.
Furthermore, when the temperature of the extrusion molding machine is high, since the waste is discharged in a state where it is not completely solidified, it is bent when it is broken by a breaker, and may adhere to other molded products. there were. As described above, a molded product having a non-uniform shape, particularly length, is difficult to convey and quantitatively cut out, and is difficult to use as, for example, a coke oven raw material.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides an extrusion molding machine capable of molding a molded product into a predetermined shape and a molding method using the same in order to ensure the quality such as the shape of the molded product. With the goal.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An extrusion molding machine according to the present invention that meets the above-described object is provided by melting at least a part of crushed plastic-based waste and extruding from a plurality of extrusion ports formed in a die plate, and arranged downstream from the extrusion port. In an extrusion molding machine that manufactures a massive molded product that can be used as a coke raw material by cutting with a cut blade, the molded product extruded from a plurality of the extrusion ports can contact the downstream side of the blade. A shielding plate is provided, and the plurality of molded products that are in contact with the shielding plate are cut with the blades aligned in length.
The molded product is gradually extruded from a plurality of extrusion ports of the die plate, but the resistance of the extrusion port varies depending on the position of the extrusion port and the properties of the waste, and the extrusion speed from each extrusion port varies. Therefore, if the protruding length of the molded product is not restricted, for example, if it is configured to cut every predetermined time, a molded product having a non-uniform length is formed.
In the present invention, since the shielding plate is provided on the downstream side of the blade, the molded product having a high extrusion speed comes into contact with the shielding plate and enters a standby state, while the molded product having a low extrusion speed contacts the shielding plate. Then, the molded product is cut with a blade in a state where the projection length of the molded product from the extrusion port is uniform. With this configuration, it is possible to regulate the maximum length of the molded product and mold a molded product having a uniform length.
In addition, since wastes mixed with many types of plastic are used as raw materials, there are cases where a large amount of powder is included in the molded product due to differences in the molding conditions of each plastic, but because it is cut using a blade, The end shape can be made uniform and the amount of dust generated can be reduced as compared with the case where the molded product is folded and manufactured.
[0005]
Here, on the downstream side of the die plate, the cooling fluid is jetted toward the molded product extruded from the extrusion port at a lower position avoiding the dropping path of the molded product cut by the blade, and solidified. It is also possible to provide a jet nozzle and provide a suction duct at a position above the die plate.
For example, air, water, or a mixed fluid thereof can be used as the cooling fluid.
Since the molded product extruded from the extrusion port is not solidified, if you try to cut it as it is, a bent irregular shaped product may be formed, but by cooling, the molded product is solidified and bent Can be cut toughness without cutting. Moreover, it can prevent that the molded products formed adhere and integrate.
Since the ejection nozzle is provided below the extrusion port and the suction duct is provided above, the dust generated around the extrusion molding machine is raised from below to the suction duct, and can be efficiently removed and the molded product is cooled. Subsequent cooling fluid can also be removed by suction.
Moreover, since the ejection nozzle is provided at a position avoiding the dropping path of the molded product, it is possible to avoid blowing the molded product that is cut and dropped by the ejection nozzle. In addition, when water is used for the cooling fluid, it is preferable to eject the water in a mist shape that can be sucked by the suction duct. When water is used, dust scattering can be suppressed and contamination around the extrusion molding machine can be prevented.
[0006]
The molding method using the extrusion molding machine according to the present invention in accordance with the above object is to melt at least a part of the crushed plastic-based waste material and extrude it from a plurality of extrusion ports formed in a die plate. in the molding method using an extruder to further produce a molded article of the available bulk as a coke raw material was cut with arranged blade on the downstream side, to place the蔽板barrier on the downstream side of the blade, the press The molded product gradually discharged from the outlet is applied to the shielding plate to adjust the protruding length, and then the molded product is cut with the blade to align the length.
Adjusting the protruding length refers to regulating the maximum length of a molded product to be cut by changing the position of the shielding plate with respect to the blade.
Since the protruding length is adjusted by placing the molded product against the shielding plate, the molded product with a high extrusion speed from the extrusion port is kept waiting until the tip of the molded product with a slow extrusion speed reaches the shielding plate. By absorbing the difference in extrusion speed, the maximum length of the molded product to be cut can be made uniform.
[0007]
It is also possible to adjust the average length of the molded product by changing the time interval from cutting the molded product protruding from one extrusion port by the blade to cutting the molded product protruding from the same extrusion port again. It is.
That is, if the time interval for cutting is increased, the number of molded products that protrude and hit the shielding plate increases, and the average length increases, and if the time interval is shortened, the number of molded products that are cut before hitting the shielding plate increases. The average length is shortened. In either case, the maximum length is equal to the distance from the blade to the shielding plate.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Subsequently, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an extrusion molding machine 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of pieces formed on a die plate 16 by melting at least a part of crushed plastic-based waste. This is an apparatus for producing a lump-shaped molded product 19 that can be used as a coke raw material by being extruded from the extrusion port 17 and cut by a plurality of blades 18 arranged on the downstream side of the extrusion port 17. This will be described in detail below.
[0009]
First, the structure of the extrusion molding machine 10 will be described.
An opening 21 through which waste can be charged is provided in the upper part of the housing 11 of the extrusion molding machine 10, and the screws 14 and 15 of the screw feeders 12 and 13 are arranged in parallel inside the housing 11. It is arranged horizontally.
The die plate 16 is provided at the downstream end portion in the axial direction of the screws 14 and 15, and the nozzle 20 is provided on the die plate 16 at a predetermined interval on an appropriate circumference centered on the axis of the screws 14 and 15. Are provided in large numbers.
In addition, the die plate 16 is provided with a heater (not shown), and the waste introduced from the opening 21 is contained in the waste by frictional heat due to rotation of the screws 14 and 15 and, in some cases, heating by the heater. The thermoplastic resin contained in the plastic is melted.
Each nozzle 20 is formed with an extrusion port 17 penetrating in the waste flow direction, and the waste material in which the thermoplastic resin is melted has a cross-sectional shape matched to the extrusion port 17 to form the die plate 16. It becomes a continuous molded product 19a protruding in a rod shape downstream, and solidifies.
[0010]
Next, a configuration for cutting the continuous molded product 19a protruding from the extrusion port 17 will be described.
On the downstream side of the extrusion port 17 of the extrusion molding machine 10, rotary bosses 24 and 25 respectively connected to the motors 22 and 23 are provided so as to face the screws 14 and 15 with their axes aligned.
Four blades 18 each having an edge in the circumferential direction are provided on the same plane on the front side (the upstream side in the waste flow direction) of the rotating bosses 24 and 25. Each blade 18 protrudes radially outward from the axial center of each rotary boss 24, 25, and is further offset and attached in the same circumferential direction (for example, clockwise direction). The distance between the centers of the rotating bosses 24 and 25 is smaller than twice the length of the blade 18, but each blade 18 is configured not to interfere even if the rotating bosses 24 and 25 rotate.
Further, on the downstream side of the blade 18 (the base side of the rotating bosses 24 and 25), a shielding plate 27 capable of abutting the molded product 19 respectively extruded from the plurality of extrusion ports 17 avoids the rotating bosses 24 and 25. Are arranged. The shielding plate 27 is fixedly disposed on the extrusion molding machine 10 via an attachment member (not shown).
The blades 18 provided on the rotary bosses 24 and 25 are rotated by the motors 22 and 23, and the molded product 19a passing through a circle drawn by the locus of the blade 18 can be cut.
[0011]
The shielding plate 27 can be fixed by moving in the axial direction of the rotary bosses 24, 25. With such a configuration, the plurality of molded products 19a that are in contact with the shielding plate 27 are cut by the blade 18 so as to have a uniform length. It is possible to form a molded article 19 having a sufficient length.
The molded product 19 can be formed in a cylindrical shape having a length of 30 to 70 mm and a diameter of 20 to 30 mm (depending on the diameter of the nozzle 20), for example.
That is, the molded products 19a protruding from the extrusion ports 17 have different extrusion speeds. However, the molded product 19a having a high extrusion speed does not protrude any more when the tip is in contact with the shielding plate 27, and the extrusion It waits until the molded article 19a having a low speed reaches the shielding plate 27. Then, after the projection lengths of the respective molded products 19 are aligned, the molded product 19 with the maximum length regulated can be molded by cutting with the blade 18.
In the present embodiment, since the waste mainly composed of crushed plastic is used as a raw material, the melting conditions are often not uniform, and it is difficult to make the protruding lengths of all the molded products 19a the same. However, for example, the rotational speed of the blade 18 is adjusted so that the average length is 30 to 70 mm or the molded product 19 having a predetermined length of 30 to 70 mm is included in a predetermined ratio of 80 to 95%. It is possible to perform molding.
In addition, after the molded product 19a reaches the shielding plate 27, the molded product 19 may be bent a little to try to protrude further. Even in this case, the maximum length of the molded product 19 can be set to a predetermined length or less.
[0012]
The nozzles 20 are provided, for example, at 100 or more locations, and it may take time to try to align the lengths of the molded products 19a protruding from all the nozzles 20, but even if the nozzles 20 are cut a little earlier, a predetermined amount is required. Since the dimension value can be suppressed to be equal to or shorter than the length, when the maximum length of the product is specified, the cutting time can be slightly shortened to shorten the manufacturing time.
The motors 22 and 23 can freely control the speed according to the waste extrusion speed, and can also perform intermittent operation.
For example, when trying to align the lengths of all the molded products 19, intermittent operation is performed, and the movement of the blade 18 is stopped until all the molded products 19 come into contact with the shielding plate 27. If there is no problem even if 19 is slightly shorter than the specified dimension, it can be continuously rotated and manufactured in a short time. In the case of continuous operation, the average length of the molded product 19 can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed.
[0013]
Next, a configuration for cooling and solidifying the molded product 19a before cutting will be described.
On the downstream side of the die plate 16, in the lower position of the nozzle 20, water, which is an example of a cooling fluid, is sprayed in a mist state and solidified toward the molded product 19 a extruded continuously from the plurality of extrusion ports 17. A jet nozzle 29 is provided.
A suction duct 30 capable of sucking water ejected from the ejection nozzle 29 is provided above the die plate 16.
The position of the ejection nozzle 29 is a lower position avoiding the drop path 28 of the molded product 19 cut by the blade 18, and water can be poured before cutting each molded product 19a extruded from each extrusion port 17. It may be arranged anywhere as long as it is a position, and can be arranged at a plurality of places.
By the water jetted upward from the jet nozzle 29, the temperature of the molded product 19a extruded from the extrusion port 17 can be lowered to promote solidification, and cutting with the blade 18 can be easily performed.
[0014]
Further, the solidified molded product 19a contains a lot of powder, and dust is often generated when cutting with the blade 18. However, water is ejected upward from the ejection nozzle 29, and water is attached to the dust. Accordingly, the amount of dust floating in the air can be reduced, and the water and dust ejected can be moved upward toward the suction duct 30 to facilitate suction by the suction duct 30.
The water ejected at this time is ejected in the form of water droplets of a size that can be sucked by the suction force of the suction duct 30. With such a configuration, the water falls and wets the floor around the extrusion molding machine 10. This can be prevented.
In addition, although the moisture content contained in the molded article 19 to be molded increases due to the water adhering to the molded article 19a, there is no problem in the quality as a coke raw material.
[0015]
Next, the procedure of the molding method using the extrusion molding machine according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
(Raw material input and melting process)
The operation of the extrusion molding machine 10 is started and the temperature of the die plate 16 is raised.
Next, the crushed and sorted plastic-based waste is charged into the opening 21 of the extrusion molding machine 10 by a certain amount or continuously. The thrown-in waste is transferred to the downstream side in the housing 11 by the rotation of the screws 14 and 15, and the thermoplastic resin contained in at least a part of the waste is caused by frictional heat due to sliding with the screws 14 and 15. And is melted by heating by the die plate 16.
And the waste in the housing 11 is extruded from the extrusion port 17 formed in each of the many nozzles 20 of the die plate 16.
[0016]
(Length adjustment process)
Next, water is ejected from the ejection nozzle 29 to the extruded molded product 19a and solidified. The amount of water to be ejected can be adjusted according to the cutting state by the blade 18. That is, when the molded product 19 or 19a has a large amount of bending, the amount of water is increased to promote solidification, and when the molded product 19 or 19a easily collapses, the amount of water is decreased. And form a little softer.
Next, the molded product 19a that is gradually discharged from the extrusion port 17 is applied to a shielding plate 27 that is disposed downstream of the extrusion port 17 and that has a predetermined gap between the extrusion port 17 and the protruding length thereof. That is, the maximum length is adjusted by the fixing position of the shielding plate 27. At this time, the blade 18 provided on the rotary bosses 24 and 25 is continuously rotated or stopped at a position avoiding each molded product 19a.
The average length of the molded product 19 is adjusted by adjusting the speeds of the motors 22 and 23 that rotate the blade 18. When the speed of the motors 22 and 23 is increased, the number of the molded products 19a that protrude until they hit the shielding plate 27 is reduced, and the average length of the molded products 19 cut by the blade 18 is shortened. The number of the molded products 19a protruding up to increases, and the average length of the molded products 19 becomes longer.
In addition, when the motors 22 and 23 are intermittently operated, the length of the average length of the molded product 19 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the operation and stop intervals. In any case, the maximum length of the molded product 19 is equal to the distance between the blade 18 and the shielding plate 27.
[0017]
(Cutting process)
After adjusting the projecting length, the motors 22 and 23 are operated under the same operating conditions as in the adjustment, and the continuous molded product 19a is cut by the blade 18 disposed downstream from the extrusion port 17, and the molded product 19 is cut. Can be made the same length.
The cut molded article 19 falls downward, avoiding the ejection nozzle 29, and is collected and transferred.
With such a configuration, it is possible to manufacture a lump-shaped molded product 19 having a predetermined shape that can be used as a coke raw material.
As described above, the extrusion molding machine and the molding method using the same according to the present embodiment have been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the blade is a motor. The molded product 19a is cut by being rotated by the above, but it is also possible to make the cutter reciprocate in a direction orthogonal to the protruding direction of the molded product 19a.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
In the extrusion molding machine according to claims 1 and 2, since the shielding plate is provided on the downstream side of the cutter, the continuous molded product is cut with the cutter in a state where the projection length of the molded product from the extrusion port is uniform. Thus, a molded product whose maximum length is regulated can be molded.
In addition, since the waste mainly composed of crushed plastic is used as a raw material, the molded product contains a large amount of powder, but since it is cut using a knife, Compared to the end shape, the amount of dust generated can be reduced.
In particular, in the extrusion molding machine of claim 2, wherein, since the ejection nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid is provided, the molded article to solidify, can be cleavable firmness without bending.
Further, since the suction duct is provided, dust generated around the molding machine can be removed, and the cooling fluid after cooling the molded product can be sucked and removed.
Moreover, since the ejection nozzle avoids the direct lower side of the molded product, it is possible to avoid blowing the molded product that is cut and dropped by the ejection nozzle.
In the molding method using the extrusion molding machine according to claim 3, since the projection length is adjusted by using the shielding plate, the projection is cut regardless of the difference in the extrusion speed of the molded product protruding from each extrusion port. The maximum length of the molded product can be regulated.
Moreover, since the molded product is cut with the blade, the end shape can be made uniform.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an extrusion molding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the same extrusion molding machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
10: extrusion molding machine, 11: housing, 12, 13: screw feeder, 14, 15: screw, 16: die plate, 17: extrusion port, 18: blade, 19: molded product, 19a: molded product, 20: nozzle , 21: opening, 22, 23: motor, 24, 25: rotating boss, 27: shielding plate, 28: drop path, 29: jet nozzle, 30: suction duct

Claims (3)

At least a part of the crushed plastic-based waste is melted and extruded from a plurality of extrusion ports formed in a die plate, and can be used as a coke raw material by cutting with a blade disposed downstream from the extrusion port In an extrusion molding machine for producing a lump-shaped molded product,
On the downstream side of the cutter, a shielding plate capable of abutting the molded products respectively extruded from the plurality of extrusion ports is provided, and the plurality of molded products in contact with the shielding plate are lengthened with the cutter. An extrusion molding machine characterized by aligning and cutting.   2. The extrusion molding machine according to claim 1, wherein a downstream side of the die plate avoids a dropping path of the molded product cut by the blade and is directed toward the molded product extruded from the extrusion port. An extrusion molding machine comprising a jet nozzle for jetting and solidifying a cooling fluid, and a suction duct provided at a position above the die plate. At least a part of the crushed plastic-based waste is melted and extruded from a plurality of extrusion ports formed in a die plate, and can be used as a coke raw material by cutting with a blade disposed downstream from the extrusion port In a molding method using an extrusion molding machine for producing a lump-shaped molded article,
Place the蔽板barrier on the downstream side of the blade, after the molded article is gradually discharged from the extrusion port to adjust the protruding length against the shielding plate, and cutting the molded product by the blade A molding method using an extrusion molding machine characterized by aligning the length.

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