JP4324716B2 - Gas turbine equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gas turbine device that provides a high-temperature heat source and a low-temperature heat source in an emergency such as a disaster or in a remote area where power supply is not stable.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A gas turbine device (power generation device) has been developed and provided for the purpose of securing power in an emergency power generation device at the time of a disaster or power failure, or in a remote area where power supply is not stable. As shown in FIG. 3, the gas turbine power generator mainly includes a rotating mechanism that directly connects a compressor and an expansion turbine to compress and expand gas.
[0003]
That is, in FIG. 3, CM is a compressor composed of a centrifugal impeller, a scroll, etc., compresses the air introduced through the filter FT and outputs high-temperature and high-pressure air. R1 is a flow path that guides air from the compressor CM to the expansion turbine TR, passes through the regenerator TC, and is connected to the expansion turbine TR through the combustion chamber FR. The expansion turbine TR is also constituted by an impeller, a scroll, and the like, and obtains rotational force by expanding high-temperature and high-pressure air. ST is a rotating shaft that directly connects the compressor CM and the expansion turbine TR, and rotates the compressor CM by the rotational force from the expansion turbine TR. SB is a rotary bearing that supports the rotary shaft ST.
[0004]
In the combustion chamber FR, combustion is performed by supplying the combustion gas G, and high-temperature and high-pressure air is further heated. Exhaust gas from the expansion turbine TR is heat-exchanged in the regenerator TC via the flow path R2, and then guided to the exhaust heat recovery device HT and finally discharged. The GE is a generator that converts the rotational force of the expansion turbine TR into electric energy and takes it out. Accordingly, the air compressed by the compressor CM is guided to the combustion chamber FR, where it is heated to a high temperature and then expanded by the expansion turbine TR.
[0005]
Of the generated power at this time, the difference from the power used in the compression of the compressor CM is taken out as a rotational axial force, and the generator is attached to this shaft (including a case where it is connected via a speed reducer). By turning the GE, the electric energy is extracted. The generated electricity is supplied as commercial frequency alternating current through the inverter circuit IV. These are relatively small and used as a small gas turbine device.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Such a small gas turbine device has been pursued for utility as a power generation device. This is because it is installed in parallel in various facilities and used as an emergency power supply device in an emergency. However, the things that require power during a disaster or power outage are mainly related to computers that manage information, lighting, food, etc., and air conditioning that maintains the living environment. Among them, information-related equipment can be operated in a power-saving mode by cutting a CRT that consumes a large amount of power. Lighting can be used for emergency lights at night and underground, and by cutting off places where external light can be used. Can be fully covered by battery drive.
[0007]
On the other hand, a large amount of electric power is required for the operation of devices that handle energy such as cold storage and air conditioning, and the power consumption of the generator is concentrated on such devices. However, since the main purpose of these devices is to generate high and low temperatures, the energy obtained by the gas turbine device is converted into electrical energy once, and when the cold storage or air conditioning device is operated, the conversion between them is performed. There is a problem that a loss is generated by the efficiency. The present invention is intended to provide a gas turbine apparatus that solves such problems.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the gas turbine apparatus provided by the present invention directly generates gas at high and low temperatures without converting energy obtained by the gas turbine into rotational force or electric energy.
[0009]
That is, a first rotation mechanism that includes a first compressor that compresses air, a first expansion turbine that is directly connected to the first compressor and expands air, and air that is compressed and output by the first compressor. A second compressor that is divided into a first flow path and a second flow path, receives air in the second flow path and compresses it, and expands the air that is directly connected to the second compressor and compressed by the second compressor And receiving compressed air from a positive displacement compressor provided separately from the first and second compressors, and receiving the air in the first flow path. a combustion mechanism for guiding combusted within the heat energy to the first expansion turbine, the flow path and before from the second compressor and the second flow path to the second expansion turbine Each flow path of the exhaust flow path of the first expansion turbine is that a interposed thermal exchanger, respectively.
[0010]
Therefore, the rotation mechanism is started up by the combustion mechanism, and each heat exchanger can be used as a high-temperature heat source to heat the cold water as hot water, and the exhaust gas from the second expansion turbine can be used as cooling air.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a gas turbine apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS.
First, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described. In the figure, the air flowing in from the air intake 1 passes through the air filter 2 and is guided to the first compressor 3. The first compressor 3 includes a centrifugal impeller 3A, a diffuser 3B, and a scroll 3C, and compresses substantially adiabatically, so that the temperature and pressure of the compressed air rise. Then, this air is guided to the extraction unit 4. The extraction unit 4 is a branch of the output path, and the air compressed by the first compressor 3 is divided. One of the divided air is led to a second compressor described later, and the other is sent to the combustion chamber. Led.
[0012]
That is, the other air is divided and then enters the regenerative heat exchanger 5. The regenerated heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with the combustion gas and then enters the combustion chamber 6. Note that a check valve 6A is provided at the entrance of the combustion chamber 6 to prevent backflow. The combustion chamber 6 is also connected to a flow path for injecting air for starting up the rotation, and a check valve 6B is also attached thereto. The combustion chamber 6 is provided with an inner wall 6D on the inner side of the outer wall 6C, and the sent air flows into the outer side of the inner wall 6D. On the other hand, there is a burner 6E inside the inner wall 6D, and fuel gas is ejected from the nozzle of the burner 6E. In addition, a large number of small holes are opened in the inner wall 6D so that the air is gradually mixed with the fuel gas. Further, an ignition spark electrode 6F is attached to the burner 6E so that it can be ignited.
[0013]
Combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 6 is sent to the regenerative heat exchanger 5, warms the air sent from the first compressor 3, and then led to the first expansion turbine 7. The first expansion turbine 7 includes an impeller 7A, a nozzle 7B, and a scroll 7C. The combustion gas that has entered the scroll 7C is blown from the nozzle 7B to the impeller 7A to rotate the impeller 7A. Then, the combustion gas expands almost adiabatically, goes to the outlet, passes through the heat exchanger 8 for waste heat recovery, and is discharged from the exhaust duct 9 having a silencing function.
[0014]
The first compressor 3 and the first expansion turbine 7 are directly connected by a common shaft 10. Unlike the conventional gas turbine, the common shaft 10 is not attached with a generator, gears, or the like. Therefore, the common shaft 10 has only an aerodynamic force and has few eccentric elements, and can be held by the foil-like dynamic pressure gas bearings 11A and 11B. is there. Therefore, a long-life rotating body that is oil-free and maintenance-free can be realized. The first rotation mechanism is constituted by the first compressor 3, the first expansion turbine 7, the common shaft 10 directly connecting them, and the bearings thereof.
[0015]
Now, the air is divided by the extraction section 4 provided after the first compressor 3, but one of the divided air is sent to the second compressor side. That is, the extracted air passes through the flow control valve 4A and is guided to the first heat exchanger 12 in the second flow path. And after cooling here, it is guide | induced to the 2nd compressor 13 and compressed. Similar to the first compressor 3, the second compressor 13 includes a centrifugal impeller 13A, a diffuser 13B, and a scroll 13C, and the air is compressed almost adiabatically and the temperature and pressure rise.
[0016]
The air is further cooled by the second heat exchanger 14, and then partially condensed water is removed by the centrifugal water droplet separator 15, and the air is expanded almost adiabatically by the second expansion turbine 16. This second expansion turbine 16 is also composed of an impeller 16A, a nozzle 16B, and a scroll 16C, like the first expansion turbine 7, and is connected to the second compressor 13 by a common shaft 18 held by dynamic pressure gas bearings 17A, 17B. Directly connected. The second rotation mechanism is constituted by the second compressor 13 and the second expansion turbine 16 and the common shaft 18 or the like directly connecting both of them.
[0017]
By the way, this apparatus does not function unless the first compressor 3 and the first expansion turbine 7 start to rotate. Therefore, in the present invention, a mechanism for starting up the rotation is provided. That is, a small reciprocating compressor 20 and an air reservoir tank 21 for storing the compressed air are provided. When the outlet valve 21A of the air reservoir tank 21 is opened at the start of rotation, the air here is guided to the check valve 6B portion of the combustion chamber 6, whereby the internal pressure of the combustion chamber 6 is first increased, which is the first expansion. The turbine 7 is rotated.
[0018]
As a result, the compression function works on the first compressor 3, and the pressurized air is supplied to the combustion chamber 6. When the pressure becomes higher than the air reservoir tank 21, the check valve 6A is opened, and 6B Is closed, the air is switched to the air from the first compressor 3. Before switching, the burner 6E in the combustion chamber 3 is ignited to start up a steady operation mode. If the first flow path is stabilized, the second flow path is also in a stable operating state by flowing air through the second flow path. As described above, in the present invention, the combustion chamber is composed of the combustion chamber 6, the burner 6E, the ignition spark electrode 6F and the reciprocating compressor 20 described above, and the combustion mechanism 6 is equipped with these. Have.
[0019]
According to the present invention, since the second expansion turbine 16 expands almost adiabatically from the air that has already been cooled to near normal temperature before expansion, the expanded air can obtain low-temperature and high-humidity air. Further, high-temperature heat can be obtained from the heat exchanger 8 for waste heat recovery and the first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 14 in the second flow path as heat sources. Therefore, hot water can be obtained by passing through the cold water supply pipe 19 and exchanging heat therewith. This hot water can be used for hot water supply and heating.
[0020]
The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the equipment when the cold air to be supplied is not at a temperature significantly below 0 ° C., but requires a flow rate of cold air. In this embodiment, the air from the first compressor 3 is not further compressed but is directed to the second expansion turbine 16. The power of the second expansion turbine 16 is transmitted to the second compressor 13, and the compressed air increases the air flow rate of the second flow path.
[0021]
The characteristics of the gas turbine apparatus provided by the present invention are as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above and illustrated examples, and various modified examples can be given. That is, the specific configurations of the first and second rotating mechanisms and the combustion mechanism are not limited to the illustrated examples. For example, although a foil type hydrodynamic bearing is used in the illustrated example as a bearing for supporting the common shafts 10 and 18 in the rotation mechanism, other air bearings may be employed. The combustion mechanism may be modified with respect to the shape of the combustion chamber, the arrangement of check valves and intake ports, the installation of the inner wall, and the like, and is not limited to these illustrated examples. The supply of the high-temperature and low-temperature fluid according to the present invention may be any of hot water, cold water, high-temperature air, and low-temperature air, or a combination thereof, and can be output in various forms.
[0022]
Further, although a check valve is provided on the combustion chamber entrance side of the combustion mechanism, it can also be configured by a valve that can operate sequentially. Furthermore, a battery may be provided for restarting the small compressor 20. Moreover, it can also be set as the structure which performs whole control by a programmable controller etc. FIG. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a flow path that can realize both the method of FIG. 1 and the method of FIG. 2 and realize both types by switching valves. Further, the first compressor, the first expansion turbine, the second compressor, and the second expansion turbine can be coupled to be on the same axis, thereby reducing the size of the device. The present invention includes all these modified embodiments.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the gas turbine device provided by the present invention has a simple structure of a rotation mechanism mainly composed of a compressor and an expansion turbine, and is provided with a combustion mechanism that ensures the startup of the rotation mechanism. It is characterized in that a heat exchanger is organically disposed in the flow path system between both mechanisms in parallel with the first and second, and a heat source of high temperature and low temperature is obtained by directly using this heat exchanger. Can be obtained easily and efficiently. Therefore, it is possible to provide a small gas turbine apparatus with high thermal efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a gas turbine apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of another type of gas turbine apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a conventional configuration.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Air intake 2 ... Air filter 3 ... 1st compressor 4 ... Extraction part 5 ... Regenerative heat exchanger 6 ... Combustion chamber 7 ... 1st expansion turbine 8 ... Heat exchange for waste heat recovery 9 ... Exhaust duct 10 ... Common shaft 11 ... Dynamic pressure gas bearing 12 ... 1st heat exchanger 13 ... 2nd compressor 14 ... 2nd heat exchanger 15 ... Centrifugal drop separator 16 ... ... Second expansion turbine 17 ... Dynamic pressure gas bearing 18 ... Common shaft 19 ... Supply pipe 20 ... Reciprocating compressor 21 ... Air reservoir tank

Claims (3)

 A first rotating mechanism including a first compressor that compresses air; a first expansion turbine that is directly connected to the first compressor and expands air; and air that is compressed and output by the first compressor is first. A second compressor that is divided into a flow path and a second flow path, receives the air in the second flow path and compresses the air, and a second compressor that is directly connected to the second compressor and expands the air compressed by the second compressor. Obtaining compressed air from a small displacement compressor that is provided separately from the first and second compressors while receiving the air in the first flow path and the second rotating mechanism comprising a two-expansion turbine A combustion mechanism for internally combusting and leading the thermal energy to the first expansion turbine, the second flow path, a flow path from the second compressor to the second expansion turbine, and the first A heat exchanger interposed in each flow path of the exhaust flow path of the expansion turbine, and using each of these heat exchangers as a high-temperature heat source to heat the cold water as hot water to cool the exhaust of the second expansion turbine A small gas turbine device characterized in that it can be used as air.  A first rotating mechanism including a first compressor that compresses air; a first expansion turbine that is directly connected to the first compressor and expands air; and air that is compressed and output by the first compressor is first. A second compressor that is divided into a flow path and a second flow path, receives new air, and compresses the new air; air that is directly connected to the second compressor and compressed by the second compressor; and air in the second flow path And a small displacement type compressor that receives the air in the first flow path and is provided separately from the first and second compressors. Before the mixing of the combustion mechanism that obtains the compressed air from the combustion chamber and combusts it internally and directs the heat energy to the first expansion turbine, and the second flow path and the output flow path of the second compressor. A heat exchanger interposed in each flow path of the second flow path, the output flow path of the second compressor and the exhaust flow path of the first expansion turbine, and using each heat exchanger as a high-temperature heat source, A small gas turbine apparatus characterized in that the exhaust gas from the second expansion turbine can be used as cooling air by heating the water as hot water. The gas turbine apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the small positive displacement compressor is configured by a reciprocating method.

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