JP4318858B2 - セラミック母材複合物の高温断熱材を有するガスタービン - Google Patents
セラミック母材複合物の高温断熱材を有するガスタービン Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4318858B2 JP4318858B2 JP2000537825A JP2000537825A JP4318858B2 JP 4318858 B2 JP4318858 B2 JP 4318858B2 JP 2000537825 A JP2000537825 A JP 2000537825A JP 2000537825 A JP2000537825 A JP 2000537825A JP 4318858 B2 JP4318858 B2 JP 4318858B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- gas turbine
- spheres
- coating
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002694 phosphate binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 55
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
- C04B28/344—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition solely as one or more phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/049,369 US6197424B1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1998-03-27 | Use of high temperature insulation for ceramic matrix composites in gas turbines |
| US09/049,369 | 1998-03-27 | ||
| PCT/US1999/003111 WO1999048837A1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1999-02-11 | Use of high temperature insulation for ceramic matrix composites in gas turbines |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002507688A JP2002507688A (ja) | 2002-03-12 |
| JP2002507688A5 JP2002507688A5 (enExample) | 2006-03-23 |
| JP4318858B2 true JP4318858B2 (ja) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=21959450
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000537825A Expired - Fee Related JP4318858B2 (ja) | 1998-03-27 | 1999-02-11 | セラミック母材複合物の高温断熱材を有するガスタービン |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6197424B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1068161B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4318858B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100527685B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69901440T2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1999048837A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (148)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6733907B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2004-05-11 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Hybrid ceramic material composed of insulating and structural ceramic layers |
| US7067181B2 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2006-06-27 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Insulating ceramic based on partially filled shapes |
| US6641907B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2003-11-04 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | High temperature erosion resistant coating and material containing compacted hollow geometric shapes |
| US6977060B1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2005-12-20 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Method for making a high temperature erosion resistant coating and material containing compacted hollow geometric shapes |
| US7563504B2 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 2009-07-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Utilization of discontinuous fibers for improving properties of high temperature insulation of ceramic matrix composites |
| US6676783B1 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 2004-01-13 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | High temperature insulation for ceramic matrix composites |
| US6485848B1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 2002-11-26 | General Electric Company | Coated article and method of making |
| US6697130B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-02-24 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Flexible led backlighting circuit |
| US6746755B2 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2004-06-08 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Ceramic matrix composite structure having integral cooling passages and method of manufacture |
| US6884384B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2005-04-26 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Method for making a high temperature erosion resistant material containing compacted hollow geometric shapes |
| US20030112931A1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-06-19 | Wendell Brown | Facilitating navigation of an interactive voice response (IVR) menu to establish a telephone connection |
| US6495207B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-17 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Method of manufacturing a composite wall |
| US6759151B1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2004-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Multilayer article characterized by low coefficient of thermal expansion outer layer |
| US6709230B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-03-23 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Ceramic matrix composite gas turbine vane |
| US6648597B1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-11-18 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Ceramic matrix composite turbine vane |
| GB0226997D0 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2002-12-24 | Welding Inst | Heat resistant product |
| JP2004036443A (ja) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-02-05 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | ガスタービンシュラウド構造 |
| US6929852B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2005-08-16 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Protective overlayer for ceramics |
| DE10239631A1 (de) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | Carcoustics Tech Center Gmbh | Isolierbauteil zur Wärme- und/oder Schallisolierung mit feuerhemmender Beschichtung |
| US6758653B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2004-07-06 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Ceramic matrix composite component for a gas turbine engine |
| US7093359B2 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2006-08-22 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Composite structure formed by CMC-on-insulation process |
| US9068464B2 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2015-06-30 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method of joining ceramic parts and articles so formed |
| US7270890B2 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2007-09-18 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Wear monitoring system with embedded conductors |
| US6838157B2 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2005-01-04 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Method and apparatus for instrumenting a gas turbine component having a barrier coating |
| US7618712B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2009-11-17 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Apparatus and method of detecting wear in an abradable coating system |
| US20050198967A1 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2005-09-15 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corp. | Smart component for use in an operating environment |
| US7582359B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2009-09-01 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Apparatus and method of monitoring operating parameters of a gas turbine |
| US8151623B2 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2012-04-10 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Sensor for quantifying widening reduction wear on a surface |
| US7572524B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2009-08-11 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method of instrumenting a component |
| US7094027B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Row of long and short chord length and high and low temperature capability turbine airfoils |
| US6893750B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2005-05-17 | General Electric Company | Thermal barrier coating protected by alumina and method for preparing same |
| US6767659B1 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2004-07-27 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Backside radiative cooled ceramic matrix composite component |
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| US7198860B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2007-04-03 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Ceramic tile insulation for gas turbine component |
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| US7985493B2 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2011-07-26 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | High temperature insulation and insulated article |
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| US8315834B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2012-11-20 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | System and method for measuring coating thickness |
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-
1998
- 1998-03-27 US US09/049,369 patent/US6197424B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-02-11 DE DE69901440T patent/DE69901440T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-11 EP EP99910952A patent/EP1068161B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-11 KR KR10-2000-7010756A patent/KR100527685B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-11 WO PCT/US1999/003111 patent/WO1999048837A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-11 JP JP2000537825A patent/JP4318858B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|
| WO1999048837A1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| KR20010042230A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
| US6197424B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 |
| DE69901440T2 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
| DE69901440D1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
| JP2002507688A (ja) | 2002-03-12 |
| KR100527685B1 (ko) | 2005-11-25 |
| EP1068161B1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
| EP1068161A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
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