JP4308094B2 - Reducing agent supply device - Google Patents

Reducing agent supply device Download PDF

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JP4308094B2
JP4308094B2 JP2004184586A JP2004184586A JP4308094B2 JP 4308094 B2 JP4308094 B2 JP 4308094B2 JP 2004184586 A JP2004184586 A JP 2004184586A JP 2004184586 A JP2004184586 A JP 2004184586A JP 4308094 B2 JP4308094 B2 JP 4308094B2
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urea water
abnormality
reducing agent
addition
agent supply
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JP2006009606A (en
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信也 佐藤
登 内田
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F01N2900/102—Travelling distance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/227—Limping Home, i.e. taking specific engine control measures at abnormal conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/26—Control of the engine output torque by applying a torque limit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Description

本発明は、ＮＯxを還元浄化するための選択還元型触媒に還元剤を供給するための還元剤供給装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a reducing agent supply device for supplying a reducing agent to a selective reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx.

従来より、ディーゼルエンジンにおいては、排出ガスが流通する排気管の途中に、酸素共存下でも選択的にＮＯxを還元剤と反応させる性質を備えた選択還元型触媒を装備し、該選択還元型触媒の上流側に必要量の還元剤を添加して該還元剤を選択還元型触媒上で排出ガス中のＮＯx（窒素酸化物）と還元反応させ、これによりＮＯxの排出濃度を低減し得るようにしたものがある。   Conventionally, a diesel engine is equipped with a selective reduction catalyst having a property of selectively reacting NOx with a reducing agent even in the presence of oxygen in the middle of an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas circulates. A required amount of reducing agent is added upstream of the catalyst so that the reducing agent undergoes a reduction reaction with NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the exhaust gas on the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, thereby reducing the NOx emission concentration. There is what I did.

他方、プラントなどにおける工業的な排煙脱硝処理の分野では、還元剤にアンモニア（ＮＨ3）を用いてＮＯxを還元浄化する手法の有効性が既に広く知られているところであるが、自動車の場合には、アンモニアそのものを搭載して走行することに関し安全確保が困難であるため、近年においては、毒性のない尿素水を還元剤として使用することが研究されている（例えば、特許文献１や特許文献２参照）。
特開２００２−１６１７３２号公報 特開２００２−１６６１３０号公報 On the other hand, in the field of industrial flue gas denitration treatment in plants and the like, the effectiveness of a method for reducing and purifying NOx using ammonia (NH 3 ) as a reducing agent is already widely known. Since it is difficult to ensure safety with respect to traveling with ammonia itself, in recent years, the use of non-toxic urea water as a reducing agent has been studied (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patents). Reference 2).
JP 2002-161732 A JP 2002-166130 A

即ち、尿素水を選択還元型触媒の上流側で排出ガス中に添加すれば、約１７０℃以上の温度条件下で前記尿素水がアンモニアと炭酸ガスに分解され、選択還元型触媒上で排出ガス中のＮＯxがアンモニアにより良好に還元浄化されることになる。   That is, if urea water is added to the exhaust gas upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the urea water is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide under a temperature condition of about 170 ° C. or higher, and the exhaust gas is exhausted on the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The NOx contained therein is reduced and purified well by ammonia.

しかしながら、この種の選択還元型触媒においては、尿素水が必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）あるいは欠水したまま放置されてしまったり、適正な濃度の尿素水が補充されなかったりする虞れがあり、そのような場合に選択還元型触媒によるＮＯxの還元浄化作用が得られなくなるという問題があった。   However, in this type of selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the urea water is less than the minimum required amount (less than the set lower limit of the level sensor) or left out of the water, or the urea water of the proper concentration is not replenished. In such a case, there has been a problem that the NOx reduction and purification action by the selective catalytic reduction catalyst cannot be obtained.

本発明は上述の実情に鑑みてなしたもので、尿素水の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下や濃度異常が生じている条件下でも、良好なＮＯxの還元浄化を継続し得るようにした還元剤供給装置を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is possible to reduce and purify NOx satisfactorily even under conditions where the urea water is less than the necessary minimum amount (less than the lower limit set value of the level sensor) or the concentration is abnormal. An object of the present invention is to provide a reducing agent supply device which can be continued.

本発明は、ＮＯxを還元浄化するための選択還元型触媒に対し還元剤を供給する還元剤供給装置であって、常用の還元剤として尿素水を貯蔵する尿素水タンクと、エンジン燃料として軽油を貯蔵する燃料タンクと、これら尿素水タンク及び燃料タンクの何れか一方から流路切替手段を介し選択的に尿素水又は軽油を導いて選択還元型触媒の入側に噴射する噴射装置と、尿素水の添加に異常が生じたことを検出する異常検出手段と、該異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で流路切替手段に燃料タンク側への切り替えを指令する制御装置とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。 The present invention relates to a reducing agent supply device for supplying a reducing agent to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx, a urea water tank for storing urea water as a usual reducing agent, and light oil as engine fuel. A fuel tank to be stored, an injection device that selectively introduces urea water or light oil from one of these urea water tank and fuel tank through the flow path switching means, and injects the selective reduction catalyst, and urea water An abnormality detecting means for detecting that an abnormality has occurred in the addition of the fuel, and a control for instructing the flow path switching means to switch to the fuel tank side under a condition in which an abnormality in the addition of urea water is detected by the abnormality detecting means And a device .

而して、このようにすれば、尿素水の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下や濃度異常が生じている時に、これらの異常が異常検出手段により検出され、制御装置により流路切替手段が自動的に燃料タンク側へ切り替えられるので、前記尿素水の添加の異常が生じている条件下でも、燃料タンクから軽油を還元剤として導いて噴射装置により選択還元型触媒の入側に噴射することが可能となり、ＮＯxの還元浄化を尿素水を使用せずに良好に継続することが可能となる。 Thus, in this way, when there is a decrease or concentration abnormality of less than the necessary minimum amount of urea water (less than the set lower limit value of the level sensor) , these abnormalities are detected by the abnormality detecting means, and the control device because switched into the flow path shifting unit is automatically fuel tank, even under conditions in which abnormality of the addition of the urea water has occurred, selective reduction by injectors direct the light oil as the reducing agent from the fuel tank It is possible to inject the catalyst to the inlet side, and NOx reduction and purification can be favorably continued without using urea water.

更に、本発明においては、尿素水の添加に異常が生じたことを運転者に知らせる警告手段を備え、異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で制御装置から前記警告手段に警告作動を指令するように構成すると良い。   Further, in the present invention, warning means for notifying the driver that abnormality has occurred in the addition of urea water is provided, and the warning is issued from the control device under the condition that abnormality in addition of urea water is detected by the abnormality detection means. It is good to comprise so that a warning action | operation may be commanded to a means.

このようにすれば、尿素水の添加の異常が異常検出手段により検出された時に、制御装置により警告手段が警告作動を起こすので、この警告作動により尿素水の添加の異常が運転者に確実に知らされることになる。   In this way, when the abnormality of the urea water addition is detected by the abnormality detection means, the warning means is activated by the control device, so that the abnormality of urea water addition is assured to the driver by this warning operation. To be informed.

また、尿素水の添加の異常を検出する異常検出手段としては、例えば、尿素水タンク内の尿素水の液面レベルを検出するレベルセンサと、尿素水タンク内の尿素水の濃度を検出する濃度センサとにより構成することが可能である。   Further, as an abnormality detecting means for detecting an abnormality in the addition of urea water, for example, a level sensor for detecting the level of urea water in the urea water tank and a concentration for detecting the concentration of urea water in the urea water tank It is possible to configure with a sensor.

更に、異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下でエンジントルクの制限をエンジン制御コンピュータに指令するように制御装置を構成したり、異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で走行距離をカウントし且つそのカウントした走行距離が所定距離を超えた時にエンジン始動の阻止をエンジン制御コンピュータに指令するように制御装置を構成したりすることが可能である。   Further, the controller may be configured to instruct the engine control computer to limit the engine torque under the condition that abnormality of the urea water addition is detected by the abnormality detection means, or abnormal addition of urea water may be detected by the abnormality detection means. It is possible to configure the control device so that the engine control computer is instructed to stop the engine start when the travel distance is counted under the condition where the engine is detected and the counted travel distance exceeds a predetermined distance. is there.

上記した本発明の還元剤供給装置によれば、下記の如き種々の優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the reducing agent supply apparatus of the present invention described above, various excellent effects as described below can be obtained.

（Ｉ）本発明の請求項１に記載の発明によれば、尿素水の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下や濃度異常が生じている条件下でも、燃料タンクから軽油を還元剤として導いて選択還元型触媒の入側に噴射することができるので、ＮＯxの還元浄化を尿素水を使用せずに良好に継続することができる。   (I) According to the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention, light oil is removed from the fuel tank even under conditions where the urea water is less than the necessary minimum amount (less than the set lower limit of the level sensor) or the concentration is abnormal. Therefore, NOx reduction and purification can be continued well without using urea water.

（ＩＩ）本発明の請求項１に記載の発明によれば、尿素水の添加の異常が生じた時に運転者の意思とは無関係に自動的に燃料タンク側へ流路が切り替わり、該燃料タンク内の燃料が還元剤として消費されていくことになるので、運転者に早期の尿素水の補充を促すことができる。 According to the invention described in claim 1, (II) the present invention, regardless of automatic passage is switched to the fuel tank side of the driver's intention when the abnormality of the addition of the urea water occurs, the fuel tank Since the fuel inside is consumed as a reducing agent, the driver can be promptly replenished with urea water.

（ＩＩＩ）本発明の請求項２、３に記載の発明によれば、尿素水の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下や濃度異常により尿素水の添加に異常が生じたことを検出して運転者に確実に知らせることができ、これにより運転者に早期の尿素水の補充を促すことができる。 (III) According to the inventions described in claims 2 and 3 of the present invention, an abnormality has occurred in the addition of urea water due to a decrease in concentration below the minimum required amount of urea water (less than the set lower limit value of the level sensor) or an abnormal concentration. This can be detected and notified to the driver without fail, thereby prompting the driver to replenish urea water at an early stage.

（ＩＶ）本発明の請求項４、５に記載の発明によれば、尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下でエンジントルクや走行距離が制限されるので、運転者に早期の尿素水の補充を促すことができる。 (IV) According to the inventions according to claims 4 and 5 of the present invention, the engine torque and the travel distance are limited under the condition that abnormality of addition of urea water is detected. It can encourage replenishment of water.

以下本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しつつ説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１〜図４は本発明を実施する形態の一例を示すもので、図１中における符号１はディーゼル機関であるエンジンを示し、ここに図示しているエンジン１では、ターボチャージャ２が備えられており、エアクリーナ３から導いた空気４が吸気管５を介し前記ターボチャージャ２のコンプレッサ２ａへと送られ、該コンプレッサ２ａで加圧された空気４が更にインタークーラ６へと送られて冷却され、該インタークーラ６から図示しないインテークマニホールドへと空気４が導かれてエンジン１の各シリンダに導入されるようにしてある。   1 to 4 show an example of an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 denotes an engine which is a diesel engine. In the engine 1 shown here, a turbocharger 2 is provided. The air 4 guided from the air cleaner 3 is sent to the compressor 2a of the turbocharger 2 through the intake pipe 5, and the air 4 pressurized by the compressor 2a is further sent to the intercooler 6 to be cooled. The air 4 is guided from the intercooler 6 to an intake manifold (not shown) and introduced into each cylinder of the engine 1.

また、このエンジン１の各シリンダから排出された排出ガス７がエキゾーストマニホールド８を介し前記ターボチャージャ２のタービン２ｂへと送られ、該タービン２ｂを駆動した排出ガス７が排気管９を介し車外へ排出されるようにしてある。   The exhaust gas 7 discharged from each cylinder of the engine 1 is sent to the turbine 2b of the turbocharger 2 through the exhaust manifold 8, and the exhaust gas 7 that has driven the turbine 2b goes out of the vehicle through the exhaust pipe 9. It is supposed to be discharged.

そして、排出ガス７が流通する排気管９の途中には、選択還元型触媒１０がケーシングに抱持されて装備されており、この選択還元型触媒１０は、図２に示す如きフロースルー方式のハニカム構造物として形成され、酸素共存下でも選択的にＮＯxをアンモニアと反応させ得るような性質を有している。   In the middle of the exhaust pipe 9 through which the exhaust gas 7 circulates, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10 is mounted and mounted on a casing. The selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10 is a flow-through type as shown in FIG. It is formed as a honeycomb structure and has the property that NOx can be selectively reacted with ammonia even in the presence of oxygen.

しかも、本形態例で採用している選択還元型触媒１０は、後述の尿素水１１及び軽油１２の何れを還元剤としても酸素共存下で選択的にＮＯxを還元浄化し得る性質を備えたものとなっており、例えば、銅系触媒やゼオライト触媒などにより構成されている。   Moreover, the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10 employed in the present embodiment has the property of selectively reducing and purifying NOx in the presence of oxygen using any of the urea water 11 and light oil 12 described later as a reducing agent. For example, it is composed of a copper-based catalyst or a zeolite catalyst.

更に、選択還元型触媒１０の上流側に電磁式の添加弁１３が配置されていると共に、該添加弁１３と所要場所に設けた尿素水タンク１４との間が供給ポンプ１６を有する供給ライン１５により接続されているが、この供給ライン１５は供給ポンプ１６より上流側で三方切替バルブ１７（流路切替手段）を介し分岐して燃料タンク１８にも接続されており、該燃料タンク１８と前記尿素水タンク１４の何れか一方から三方切替バルブ１７を介し選択的に尿素水１１又は軽油１２を導いて選択還元型触媒１０の上流側に添加し得るようになっていて、これら添加弁１３、供給ライン１５、供給ポンプ１６、三方切替バルブ１７により噴射装置１９が構成されている。   Further, an electromagnetic addition valve 13 is disposed upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10, and a supply line 15 having a supply pump 16 between the addition valve 13 and a urea water tank 14 provided at a required place. However, the supply line 15 branches upstream of the supply pump 16 via a three-way switching valve 17 (flow path switching means) and is also connected to the fuel tank 18. The urea water 11 or the light oil 12 can be selectively introduced from any one of the urea water tanks 14 via the three-way switching valve 17 and can be added to the upstream side of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10. An injection device 19 is configured by the supply line 15, the supply pump 16, and the three-way switching valve 17.

ここで、前記尿素水タンク１４には、尿素水タンク１４内の尿素水１１の液面レベルを検出するレベルセンサ２０と、尿素水タンク１４内の尿素水１１の濃度を検出する濃度センサ２１とが異常検出手段として装備されており、また、特に本形態例では、選択還元型触媒１０の入口側と出口側にも、排気管９内を流れる排出ガス７中のＮＯx濃度を検出するＮＯxセンサ２２，２３が更なる異常検出手段として装備されており、これらレベルセンサ２０、濃度センサ２１、ＮＯxセンサ２２，２３からの検出信号２０ａ，２１ａ，２２ａ，２３ａが、エンジン制御コンピュータ（ＥＣＵ：Electronic Control Unit）を成す制御装置２４に入力されるようになっている。   The urea water tank 14 includes a level sensor 20 that detects the level of the urea water 11 in the urea water tank 14, and a concentration sensor 21 that detects the concentration of the urea water 11 in the urea water tank 14. Is provided as an abnormality detection means, and in this embodiment, in particular, the NOx sensor for detecting the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas 7 flowing in the exhaust pipe 9 also on the inlet side and the outlet side of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10. 22 and 23 are provided as further abnormality detection means, and detection signals 20a, 21a, 22a and 23a from these level sensor 20, concentration sensor 21 and NOx sensors 22 and 23 are sent to an engine control computer (ECU: Electronic Control). Unit) is input to the control device 24.

他方、前記制御装置２４からは、レベルセンサ２０、濃度センサ２１、ＮＯxセンサ２２，２３からの検出信号２０ａ，２１ａ，２２ａ，２３ａに基づき尿素水１１の添加に異常が生じていると判定された時に、三方切替バルブ１７に対し尿素水タンク１４側から燃料タンク１８側へ流路を切り替える指令が流路切替信号１７ａとして出力されるようになっている。   On the other hand, it is determined from the control device 24 that there is an abnormality in the addition of the urea water 11 based on the detection signals 20a, 21a, 22a, and 23a from the level sensor 20, the concentration sensor 21, and the NOx sensors 22 and 23. Sometimes, a command for switching the flow path from the urea water tank 14 side to the fuel tank 18 side is output to the three-way switching valve 17 as a flow path switching signal 17a.

尚、前記制御装置２４で尿素水１１の添加に異常が生じていると判定された際には、運転席のインストルメントパネルなどに備えた表示装置２５（警告手段）に向け異常表示信号２５ａを出力して警告表示を行い、尿素水１１の添加の異常を運転者に知らせるようにすると良い。   When the controller 24 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the addition of the urea water 11, an abnormality display signal 25a is sent to the display device 25 (warning means) provided in the instrument panel of the driver's seat. It is preferable to output and display a warning to inform the driver of the abnormal addition of the urea water 11.

また、前記制御装置２４からは、添加弁１３と供給ポンプ１６に対し開弁指令信号１３ａと駆動指令信号１６ａが夫々出力されるようになっており、前記添加弁１３の開弁作動により尿素水１１や軽油１２の添加量が適切に制御され、その添加時に必要な噴射圧力が前記供給ポンプ１６の駆動により適宜に得られるようになっている。   The control device 24 outputs a valve opening command signal 13a and a drive command signal 16a to the addition valve 13 and the supply pump 16, respectively. 11 and the amount of light oil 12 added are appropriately controlled, and the injection pressure required at the time of addition is appropriately obtained by driving the supply pump 16.

図３は尿素水１１の添加に異常が発生した時の具体的な制御手順を示すもので、ステップＳ１でレベルセンサ２０により尿素水１１の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下が検出されるか、ステップＳ２で濃度センサ２１により尿素水１１の濃度が規定範囲内にないと確認されるか、ステップＳ３でＮＯxセンサ２２，２３により選択還元型触媒１０の入口側と出口側とでＮＯx濃度が低減されていないと確認されるかした場合、ステップＳ４で制御装置２４により尿素水１１の添加に異常が発生していると判定され、還元剤を尿素水１１から軽油１２へ切り替える決定が成される結果、ステップＳ５で三方切替バルブ１７が燃料タンク１８側へ切り替えられて軽油１２が添加弁１３へ送られるようにしてある。   FIG. 3 shows a specific control procedure when an abnormality occurs in the addition of the urea water 11, which is less than the necessary minimum amount of the urea water 11 (less than the set lower limit value of the level sensor) by the level sensor 20 in step S1. Whether a decrease is detected, whether the concentration sensor 21 confirms that the concentration of the urea water 11 is not within the specified range in step S2, or whether the NOx sensors 22 and 23 in step S3 are used to input and exit the selective reduction catalyst 10 If it is confirmed that the NOx concentration has not been reduced, the controller 24 determines in step S4 that an abnormality has occurred in the addition of the urea water 11, and the reducing agent is changed from the urea water 11 to the light oil 12 by the controller 24. As a result of the determination to switch to, the three-way switching valve 17 is switched to the fuel tank 18 side in step S5 and the light oil 12 is sent to the addition valve 13.

ただし、ＮＯxセンサ２２，２３による異常検出は、自動車の運転が開始された後でしか確認できないため、基本的にはレベルセンサ２０と濃度センサ２１だけで異常を検出し、ＮＯxセンサ２２，２３による異常検出についてはバックアップとして活用するようにしても良い。   However, since the abnormality detection by the NOx sensors 22 and 23 can be confirmed only after the driving of the automobile is started, the abnormality is basically detected only by the level sensor 20 and the concentration sensor 21, and is detected by the NOx sensors 22 and 23. Abnormality detection may be used as a backup.

尚、濃度センサ２１により尿素水１１の濃度が規定範囲内にないと確認された場合や、ＮＯxセンサ２２，２３により選択還元型触媒１０の入口側と出口側とでＮＯx濃度が低減されていないと確認された場合は、選択還元型触媒１０に添加されている尿素水１１がＮＯxの還元反応に適した濃度に達していないか、或いは、尿素水１１以外の液体（水など）が見掛け上補充されているケースが想定される。   When the concentration sensor 21 confirms that the concentration of the urea water 11 is not within the specified range, or the NOx sensors 22 and 23 have not reduced the NOx concentration on the inlet side and the outlet side of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10. Is confirmed, the urea water 11 added to the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 10 does not reach a concentration suitable for the reduction reaction of NOx, or a liquid (such as water) other than the urea water 11 is apparent. The case where it is replenished is assumed.

他方、図４は適正な濃度の尿素水１１が補充された時の具体的な復帰手順を示すもので、ステップＳ１１で適正な濃度の尿素水１１が補充（入れ替え）された時に、ステップＳ１２でレベルセンサ２０により尿素水１１の規定量以上の補充が検出されると共に、ステップＳ１３で濃度センサ２１により尿素水１１の濃度が規定範囲内にあると確認された時に、ステップＳ１４で制御装置２４により異常が解消されたと判定され、還元剤を軽油１２から尿素水１１へ戻す決定が成される結果、ステップＳ１５で三方切替バルブ１７が尿素水タンク１４側へ切り替えられて尿素水１１が添加弁１３へ送られるようにしてある。   On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows a specific return procedure when the urea water 11 having the proper concentration is replenished. When the urea water 11 having the proper concentration is replenished (replaced) in step S11, in step S12, When the level sensor 20 detects the replenishment of the urea water 11 or more than the specified amount, and the concentration sensor 21 confirms that the concentration of the urea water 11 is within the specified range in step S13, the controller 24 in step S14. As a result of determining that the abnormality has been resolved and returning the reducing agent from the light oil 12 to the urea water 11, the three-way switching valve 17 is switched to the urea water tank 14 side in step S 15, and the urea water 11 is added to the addition valve 13. To be sent to.

尚、適正な濃度の尿素水１１が補充される時には、自動車が停車状態にあるものと考えられるので、レベルセンサ２０と濃度センサ２１だけで復帰を確認すれば良い。   It should be noted that when the urea solution 11 having an appropriate concentration is replenished, it is considered that the automobile is in a stopped state. Therefore, the return may be confirmed only by the level sensor 20 and the concentration sensor 21.

而して、このように還元剤供給装置を構成すれば、尿素水１１の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下や濃度異常が生じている時に、これらの異常がレベルセンサ２０や濃度センサ２１、更には、ＮＯxセンサ２２，２３により検出され、これらからの検出信号２０ａ，２１ａ，２２ａ，２３ａを受けた制御装置２４にて還元剤を尿素水１１から軽油１２へ切り替える決定が成され、この制御装置２４からの流路切替信号１７ａにより三方切替バルブ１７が燃料タンク１８側へ切り替えられて軽油１２が添加弁１３へ送られる。   Thus, when the reducing agent supply device is configured in this way, when a decrease in the urea water 11 less than the necessary minimum amount (less than the set lower limit value of the level sensor) or a concentration abnormality occurs, these abnormalities are detected by the level sensor. 20, the concentration sensor 21, and further the NOx sensors 22, 23, and the control device 24 that receives the detection signals 20 a, 21 a, 22 a, 23 a from these detects the switching of the reducing agent from the urea water 11 to the light oil 12. The three-way switching valve 17 is switched to the fuel tank 18 side by the flow path switching signal 17a from the control device 24, and the light oil 12 is sent to the addition valve 13.

この結果、尿素水１１の必要最小量未満（レベルセンサの設定下限値未満）の低下や濃度異常が生じている条件下でも、燃料タンク１８から軽油１２を還元剤として導いて噴射装置１９により選択還元型触媒１０の入側に噴射することができるので、ＮＯxの還元浄化を尿素水１１を使用せずに良好に継続することができる。   As a result, the light oil 12 is led from the fuel tank 18 as a reducing agent and selected by the injection device 19 even under conditions where the urea water 11 is less than the necessary minimum amount (less than the set lower limit of the level sensor) or the concentration is abnormal. Since injection can be performed on the inlet side of the reduction catalyst 10, NOx reduction purification can be favorably continued without using the urea water 11.

また、尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出された時に、制御装置２４により三方切替バルブ１７が自動的に燃料タンク１８側へ切り替えられ、燃料タンク１８内の軽油１２が還元剤として消費されていくことになるので、運転者に早期の尿素水１１の補充を促すことができる。   Further, when an abnormality in the addition of urea water 11 is detected, the three-way switching valve 17 is automatically switched to the fuel tank 18 side by the control device 24, and the light oil 12 in the fuel tank 18 is consumed as a reducing agent. Therefore, it is possible to prompt the driver to replenish urea water 11 at an early stage.

更に、本形態例では、尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出された時に、制御装置２４により表示装置２５に警告表示が成されるので、この警告表示により尿素水１１の添加の異常が運転者に確実に知らされることができる。   Furthermore, in this embodiment, when an abnormality in the addition of the urea water 11 is detected, a warning is displayed on the display device 25 by the control device 24. Can be surely informed.

また、以上に述べた説明では、燃費の悪化を例示したが、これ以外にも尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出されている条件下でエンジントルクの制限を制御装置２４内のエンジン制御を掌る部分に指令（制御装置がエンジン制御コンピュータと別に設けられている場合には制御装置からエンジン制御コンピュータへ指令）するように制御装置２４を構成したり、尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で走行距離をカウントし且つそのカウントした走行距離が所定距離を超えた時にエンジン始動の阻止をエンジン制御コンピュータに指令するように制御装置２４を構成したりすることも可能である。   Further, in the above description, the deterioration of fuel consumption is exemplified. However, in addition to this, the engine torque is limited by controlling the engine in the control device 24 under the condition that abnormality of addition of the urea water 11 is detected. The control device 24 is configured so that a command is given to the part (if the control device is provided separately from the engine control computer, the command is sent from the control device to the engine control computer), or abnormal addition of urea water 11 is detected. It is also possible to configure the control device 24 so as to count the travel distance under a certain condition and to command the engine control computer to prevent the engine from starting when the counted travel distance exceeds a predetermined distance.

ここで、エンジントルクの制限は、燃料噴射装置への燃料噴射量の指示値を低減することで実行され、また、走行距離のカウントは、尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出されてからの時間を車速に乗算することで実行されることになる。   Here, the limitation of the engine torque is executed by reducing the indicated value of the fuel injection amount to the fuel injection device, and the count of the travel distance is the time after the abnormal addition of the urea water 11 is detected. It is executed by multiplying the vehicle speed.

更に、尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出されてからの残りの走行距離については、表示装置２５に表示して運転者に知らせれば良く、この走行距離の制限については、付近のガソリンスタンドなど（将来的な尿素水１１の供給のインフラ整備を前提）で尿素水１１を補給するのに十分な走行距離を適宜に設定しておけば良い。   Further, the remaining travel distance after the abnormal addition of the urea water 11 is detected may be displayed on the display device 25 to inform the driver. For restrictions on the travel distance, a nearby gas station or the like may be used. A travel distance sufficient to replenish the urea water 11 may be appropriately set (assuming future infrastructure development for supplying the urea water 11).

而して、このようにすれば、尿素水１１の添加の異常が検出されている条件下でエンジントルクや走行距離が制限されるので、運転者に早期の尿素水１１の補充を促すことができる。   Thus, in this way, the engine torque and the travel distance are limited under the condition that the abnormality of the addition of the urea water 11 is detected, so that the driver is encouraged to replenish the urea water 11 at an early stage. it can.

尚、本発明の還元剤供給装置は、上述の形態例にのみ限定されるものではなく、流路切替手段は三方切替バルブに限定されないこと、異常検出手段はレベルセンサ、濃度センサ、濃度センサに限定されないこと、警告手段は表示装置以外にブザーなどの警報音を発するものであっても良いこと、また、制御装置がエンジン制御コンピュータと別に設けられていても良いこと、その他、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   The reducing agent supply device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The flow path switching means is not limited to the three-way switching valve, and the abnormality detection means is a level sensor, concentration sensor, or concentration sensor. It is not limited, the warning means may emit an alarm sound such as a buzzer in addition to the display device, the control device may be provided separately from the engine control computer, and other aspects of the present invention. Of course, various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

本発明を実施する形態の一例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows an example of the form which implements this invention. 図１の選択還元型触媒を部分的に切り欠いて示す斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the selective catalytic reduction catalyst of FIG. 異常発生時の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure at the time of abnormality occurrence. 尿素水補充時の復帰手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the return procedure at the time of urea water replenishment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ エンジン
７ 排出ガス
９ 排気管
１０ 選択還元型触媒
１１ 尿素水
１２ 軽油
１４ 尿素水タンク
１７ 三方切替バルブ（流路切替手段）
１７ａ 流路切替信号
１８ 燃料タンク
１９ 噴射装置
２０ レベルセンサ（異常検出手段）
２０ａ 検出信号
２１ 濃度センサ（異常検出手段）
２１ａ 検出信号
２２ ＮＯx濃度センサ（異常検出手段）
２２ａ 検出信号
２３ ＮＯx濃度センサ（異常検出手段）
２３ａ 検出信号
２４ 制御装置
２５ 表示装置（警告手段）
２５ａ 異常表示信号 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Engine 7 Exhaust gas 9 Exhaust pipe 10 Selective reduction type catalyst 11 Urea water 12 Light oil 14 Urea water tank 17 Three-way switching valve (flow path switching means)
17a Flow path switching signal 18 Fuel tank 19 Injection device 20 Level sensor (abnormality detection means)
20a Detection signal 21 Concentration sensor (abnormality detection means)
21a Detection signal 22 NOx concentration sensor (abnormality detection means)
22a Detection signal 23 NOx concentration sensor (abnormality detection means)
23a Detection signal 24 Control device 25 Display device (warning means)
25a Abnormal display signal

Claims (5)

ＮＯxを還元浄化するための選択還元型触媒に対し還元剤を供給する還元剤供給装置であって、常用の還元剤として尿素水を貯蔵する尿素水タンクと、エンジン燃料として軽油を貯蔵する燃料タンクと、これら尿素水タンク及び燃料タンクの何れか一方から流路切替手段を介し選択的に尿素水又は軽油を導いて選択還元型触媒の入側に噴射する噴射装置と、尿素水の添加に異常が生じたことを検出する異常検出手段と、該異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で流路切替手段に燃料タンク側への切り替えを指令する制御装置とを備えたことを特徴とする還元剤供給装置。 A reducing agent supply device for supplying a reducing agent to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx, a urea water tank for storing urea water as a normal reducing agent, and a fuel tank for storing light oil as engine fuel An injection device that selectively introduces urea water or light oil from either one of these urea water tank and fuel tank via the flow path switching means and injects it to the inlet side of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, and abnormal addition of urea water And an abnormality detection means for detecting the occurrence of the occurrence of an abnormality, and a control device for instructing the flow path switching means to switch to the fuel tank side under the condition that the abnormality of the urea water is detected by the abnormality detection means. A reducing agent supply apparatus characterized by the above. 尿素水の添加に異常が生じたことを運転者に知らせる警告手段を備え、異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で制御装置から前記警告手段に警告作動を指令するように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の還元剤供給装置。 A warning means for notifying the driver that an abnormality has occurred in the addition of urea water is provided, and a warning operation is commanded from the control device to the warning means under a condition in which an abnormality in the addition of urea water is detected by the abnormality detection means. reducing agent supply device according to the configuration in claim 1, wherein as. 尿素水タンク内の尿素水の液面レベルを検出するレベルセンサと、尿素水タンク内の尿素水の濃度を検出する濃度センサとにより異常検出手段を構成したことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の還元剤供給装置。 Claim wherein the level sensor for detecting the liquid level of the urea water in the urea water tank, that constitute abnormality detection means by a concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of the urea water in the urea water tank 1 or 2 The reducing agent supply device according to 1. 異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下でエンジントルクの制限をエンジン制御コンピュータに指令するように制御装置を構成したことを特徴とする請求項１、２又は３に記載の還元剤供給装置。 According to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that configuring the controller to direct the limit of engine torque to the engine control computer under the abnormality of the addition of the urea water is detected by the abnormality detecting means Reducing agent supply device. 異常検出手段により尿素水の添加の異常が検出されている条件下で走行距離をカウントし且つそのカウントした走行距離が所定距離を超えた時にエンジン始動の阻止をエンジン制御コンピュータに指令するように制御装置を構成したことを特徴とする請求項１、２、３又は４に記載の還元剤供給装置。 Control is performed so that the engine control computer is instructed to prevent engine start when the travel distance is counted under the condition that abnormality of addition of urea water is detected by the abnormality detection means and the counted travel distance exceeds a predetermined distance The reducing agent supply apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4 , wherein the apparatus is configured.
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