JP4307800B2 - Immunostimulating composition containing mannooligosaccharide - Google Patents
Immunostimulating composition containing mannooligosaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- JP4307800B2 JP4307800B2 JP2002213324A JP2002213324A JP4307800B2 JP 4307800 B2 JP4307800 B2 JP 4307800B2 JP 2002213324 A JP2002213324 A JP 2002213324A JP 2002213324 A JP2002213324 A JP 2002213324A JP 4307800 B2 JP4307800 B2 JP 4307800B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、マンノースを主体とする構成糖からなるオリゴ糖類を主成分とする免疫賦活作用を有する組成物、及びその組成物を用いた飲食物及び飼料に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
免疫は、外界から侵入してきた微生物、ウィルス、有害化学物質のみならず、身体の中で作られた癌細胞などの多くのものから身体を守り、健康な状態を維持するための生体防御機構の一つである。免疫機能を活性化させて健康な身体を維持することは、予防医学の観点から重要である。特に高齢化社会に向かい生活習慣病や癌などが問題になっており、これらの疾病を未然に防止するため「食と健康」に関心が寄せられている。そのため種々の食品中から免疫賦活物質の探索やその作用機作についての研究が行われている。そして各種の健康補助食品が開発・販売されているが、日常の食生活で手軽にそして経済的に免疫を活性化できる飲食品の開発には至っていない。
【0003】
また、本発明は未利用資源の有効活用にも関するものである。コーヒーの抽出残渣は、従来、そのほとんどが焼却あるいは産業廃棄物として処理されてきた。近年になり、コーヒー抽出残渣が堆肥原料あるいは活性炭原料として利用されるようになってきたが、それらは未利用資源の高度利用という観点からは十分とはいえず、更なるコーヒー抽出残渣の高度利用の方法を確立することは重要課題となっている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、免疫賦活作用を有する組成物を開発すること、および、通常の食生活習慣の大幅な変更を伴うことなく、しかも免疫賦活効果に優れた経済的かつ簡便な飲食物を提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、これらのような課題を解決するために鋭意検討の結果、マンナンを多く含む食品素材、主に、コーヒー抽出粕加水分解物から、糖鎖中にマンノース残基以外の糖残基の含有量が少ない重合度1乃至10のマンノオリゴ糖類又はマンノースとグルコース及びガラクトースのような単糖類の少なくとも1種とが1乃至10分子結合したマンノースを主体としたオリゴ糖類に免疫賦活効果を見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。さらに、無着色、無酸の糖鎖中にマンノース残基以外の糖残基の含有量が少ない重合度1乃至10のマンノオリゴ糖類を得ることで、食品への適用範囲を飛躍的に広げることができることを見いだした。
本発明は、マンノースを主体とした単糖が1乃至10分子結合したオリゴ糖類又はマンノースとグルコース及びガラクトースのような単糖類の少なくとも1種とが1乃至10分子結合したマンノースを主体としたオリゴ糖を主成分とすることを特徴とする免疫賦活作用を有する組成物に関する。当該組成物は、マンノースもしくはマンノースを主体とした単糖が2乃至10分子結合した単一の化合物、または、それらの中から選ばれた2種以上のオリゴ糖を主成分とする組成物を意味する。
本発明の組成物において、マンノースが1乃至10分子結合した単一の化合物ないしはそれらの中から選ばれた2種以上の化合物を含有する免疫賦活作用を有する組成物であることが望ましい。
【0006】
本発明の組成物において、総固形分に対し、マンノースを主体とする単糖類が1乃至10分子結合したオリゴ糖類又はマンノースとグルコース及びガラクトースのような単糖類の少なくとも1種とが1乃至10分子結合したマンノースを主体としたオリゴ糖類の合計含有割合が60重量%以上のものが好ましく、80重量%以上のものがさらに好ましい。
【0007】
本発明における組成物の糖組成においてはマンノース残基の割合が70重量%以上、更に好ましくは80重量%以上であるものが望ましい。マンノース残基の割合が70%に満たないと、効果が大きく期待できないとともに、甘味度も増し適用の幅が狭まる傾向にある。構成糖としては、マンノース以外には、加水分解する出発物質にもよるがグルコース、ガラクトースなどが含まれるが必要に応じて除去することもできる。組成物中の遊離のマンノース含量については50%以下に抑えられたものが望ましい。50重量%を超えると、マンノース由来の苦味のために、適用の範囲に制約を受ける傾向にある。さらに、マンノースを主体としたオリゴ糖類は、マンノースが2乃至6分子結合したオリゴ糖類であることが好ましい。
本発明においては、マンナンを加水分解処理することによって得られたマンノースを主成分とする免疫賦活作用を有する組成物が好ましい。また、当該マンナンがコーヒー豆及び/またはコーヒー抽出残渣から得られるものであることが好ましい。
さらに、本発明においては、コーヒー抽出残渣を加水分解処理することによって得られたマンノースを主成分とする免疫賦活作用を有する組成物が好ましい。
また、本発明は、上記に説明した本発明に係る組成物を含有する飲食物及び飼料にも関する。なお、本発明に係る組成物は、飲食物、飼料のみならず化粧品、医薬品等幅広い分野で使用することが可能である。本発明の組成物は、飲食物として人が口から摂取することにより免疫賦活効果を発揮する。
本発明の組成物は、例えばココナッツ椰子から得られるコプラミール、フーク、南アフリカ産椰子科植物HuacraPalm、ツクネイモマンナン、ヤマイモマンナンよりマンナンを抽出後、酸加水分解、高温加熱加水分解、酵素加水分解、微生物発酵の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上の方法で処理し、活性炭処理、吸着樹脂処理、イオン交換樹脂処理、イオン交換膜処理等の方法で精製された糖混合物及び/またはコンニャクイモ、ユリ、スイセン、ヒガンバナ等に含まれるグルコマンナン、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガム等に含まれるガラクトマンナンを酸加水分解、高温加熱加水分解、酵素加水分解、微生物発酵の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上の方法で処理し、活性炭処理、吸着樹脂処理、イオン交換樹脂処理、イオン交換膜処理等の方法で分離精製し構成糖としてマンノースの比率を高めたものであってもよい。
さらに、コーヒー生豆または焙煎したコーヒー豆を酸加水分解、高温加熱加水分解、酵素加水分解、微生物発酵の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上の方法で処理し、活性炭処理、吸着樹脂処理、イオン交換樹脂処理、イオン交換膜処理等の方法で精製することによって得ることができる。
あるいは、コーヒー抽出残渣を、酸加水分解、高温加熱加水分解、酵素加水分解、微生物発酵の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上の方法で可溶化処理した水溶液を活性炭処理、吸着樹脂処理、イオン交換樹脂処理、イオン交換膜処理等の方法で精製することによって得ることができる。
一般に、焙煎粉砕コーヒーを商業用の抽出器にて抽出すると、その際に焙煎コーヒーに含まれるガラクトマンナンの側鎖であるガラクトースが可溶化したり、アラビノガラクタンが加水分解によって可溶化する。従って、コーヒー抽出残渣中にはマンナンが豊富であり、しかも直鎖構造をとっているものと推定される。一方、セルロースは分解されにくく残渣として残っているが、セルロースを分解せずにマンナンを特異的に加水分解する条件を適宜選択することにより、マンノースを主体とするオリゴ糖を得ることができる。
本発明において使用されるコーヒー抽出残渣は通常の液体コーヒーあるいはインスタントコーヒー製造工程において抽出されたものであれば、常圧下、加圧下抽出であろうと、またいかなる起源、製法のものであっても使用することができる。
コーヒー抽出残渣を酸及び/または熱により加水分解しオリゴ糖類を高純度に含むように調製した組成物を液体コーヒー、インスタントコーヒー等にそのまま添加して使用することもできるが、必要に応じて活性炭、イオン交換樹脂、溶剤等で脱色、脱臭、脱酸等の精製処理をしたものを添加した方がコーヒー本来の味、香りのより豊かなコーヒーを提供することができる。
【0008】
更に、カラムクロマトグラフィー等で特定の重合度をもつマンノオリゴ糖に分画した上で使うこともできる。
以下に本発明において、コーヒー抽出残渣からマンノースを主成分とする単糖類が1乃至10分子結合したオリゴ糖類を含有する組成物を製造する代表的な方法を述べるが、必ずしも以下の製法に限定されるものではない。
コーヒー抽出残渣を分解する方法としては、酸及び/または高温により加水分解する方法、酵素により分解する方法、微生物発酵により分解する方法が挙げられる。酸及び/または高温により加水分解する方法としては特開昭61−96947号、特開平2−200147号等に開示されている。商業用のコーヒー多段式抽出系において出てくるコーヒー抽出残渣を反応容器中において酸触媒を添加して加水分解することもできるし、酸触媒を添加せずに高温で短時間処理して加水分解することによっても得ることができる。管形栓流反応器を使用するのが便利であるが比較的高温で短時間の反応を行わせるのに向いているものならば、いかなる反応器を使用しても良好な結果が得られる。反応時間と反応温度を調節し、可溶化して加水分解させることによってDP10乃至40のマンナンをDP1乃至10のマンノオリゴ糖に分解し、その後コーヒー残渣と分離してマンノオリゴ糖類を得る。
「マンナン」という用語は、広くd−マンノースからなる多糖を意味する。単糖d−マンノースはアルドヘキソースであり、d−グルコース中のカルボキシル基に隣接する炭素に結合している水酸基の立体配置が逆になっているものである。「オリゴ糖」は、単糖の数が比較的少ないポリマーを意味する。とくに、本明細書においては、単糖の数が10以下であるポリマーをさす。マンノースは、便宜上DP1のオリゴ糖とするが、厳密にいうとオリゴ糖は2以上の単糖からなるものをさす。
「重合度」または「DP」とは、オリゴ糖を構成している単糖の数を意味する。従って、たとえばマンノースが4つの単糖から構成されているマンノオリゴ糖の重合度は4であるのでDP4と記載する。
【0009】
「コーヒー抽出残査」とは、たとえば大気条件下あるいは加圧条件下で焙煎粉砕コーヒーを水などの溶媒で抽出した後のいわゆるコーヒー抽出粕を意味する。また、酵素により分解する方法としては、例えばコーヒー抽出残渣を水性媒体に懸濁させ、ここへ例えば市販のセルラーゼ及びヘミセルラーゼ等を加えて撹拌しながら懸濁させればよい。酵素の量、作用させる温度及びその他の条件としては、通常の酵素反応に用いられる量、温度、条件であれば特に問題はなく、使用する酵素の最適作用量、温度、条件及びその他の要因によって適宜選択すればよい。
また、微生物発酵により分解する方法としては、例えば水性媒体に懸濁させたコーヒー抽出残渣にセルラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼなどを産出する微生物を植菌して培養させればよい。使用する微生物は、細菌類や担子菌類などコーヒー抽出残渣中のマンナンを分解する酵素を産出するものであれば良く、使用する微生物によって培養条件などは適宜選択すればよい。
【0010】
上記の方法によって得られたマンノースを主体とする単糖類が1乃至10分子結合したオリゴ糖類を含有する組成物を含む反応液は、必要に応じて精製を行う。精製法としては、骨炭、活性炭、炭酸飽充法、吸着樹脂、マグネシア法、溶剤抽出法等で脱色・脱臭を行い、イオン交換樹脂、イオン交換膜、電気透析等で脱塩、脱酸を行う。精製法の組み合わせ及び精製条件としては、マンノースが1乃至10分子結合したマンノオリゴ糖類を含む反応液中の色素、塩、及び酸等の量及びその他の要因に応じて適宜選択すればよい。
【0011】
【作用及び発明の効果】
このようにして得られたマンノースを主体とする単糖類が1乃至10分子結合したオリゴ糖類を含有する組成物(以下、「マンノオリゴ糖」あるいは、単に「MOS」という。)には、リンパ球を幼若化して分裂を誘起させる作用は有していないが、リンパ球の分裂を促進増強させる作用が認められた。
本発明にかかる組成物であるMOSは、Bリンパ球に働くLPSの刺激によって起こる分裂よりもTリンパ球に働くPHAの刺激によって起こる分裂を促進増強させる作用の方が大きかったことから、MOSは、Tリンパ球の活性化に強く作用するといえる。
【0012】
Bリンパ球は、抗原刺激により分裂・分化して抗体産生細胞となり、体液性免疫系に関与する。一方、Tリンパ球は、抗原刺激を受けて分裂・分化を感作リンパ球となり、細胞性免疫系に関与するだけでなく、ヘルパー細胞となってBリンパ球の分化増殖にも働き、体液性免疫系にも関与する。
MOSは、リンパ球が抗原刺激を受けた時、リンパ球分裂・増殖を促進する作用を有する、特に、体液性・細胞性免疫に関与するTリンパ球を活性化させることから免疫賦活作用を有していることを見出した。
次に、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する。
実施例1
マンノオリゴ糖の調製
コーヒー抽出残渣を反応器に送りやすくするために、まず粉砕して粒径を約1mmにした。次いで、総固形分濃度が約14重量%の水と粉砕物からなるスラリーを調製し4mの熱栓流反応器内において熱処理した。滞留時間8分に対応する速度で高圧蒸気とともに栓流反応器にポンプ輸送し、6.35mmφオリフィスを用いて約210℃に維持した。その後、大気圧下に噴出することによって、反応を急止した。できたスラリーを濾過して、不溶性固形分から可溶性固形分を含む液を分離した。この可溶性固形分含有液を活性炭、吸着樹脂で脱色し、さらにイオン交換樹脂で脱塩した後、濃縮、乾燥してマンノオリゴ糖を収率14%で得た。
【0013】
このようにして得られた免疫賦活作用を有する組成物のDP分布は、例えばDP1;2.4%、DP2;26.6%、DP3;20.2%、DP4;17.8%、DP5;10.9%、DP6;8.9%、DP7;6.0%、DP8;3.6%、DP9;1.9%、DP10;1.7%で、糖鎖中のマンノース残基の含有量は90%であるが、DP分布及び糖鎖中のマンノース残基の含有量は加水分解条件により種々の値をとりうる。オリゴ糖のDP1としてはマンノース等、DP2としてはマンノビオース等、DP3としてはマンノトリオース等、DP4としてはマンノテトラオース等、DP5としてはマンノペンタオース等、DP6としてはマンノヘキサオース等、DP7としてはマンノヘプタオース等、DP8としてはマンノオクタオース等、DP9としてはマンノノナオース等、DP10としてはマンノデカオース等で、結合様式はβ−1,4結合である。このようにして得たマンノオリゴ糖を用いて以下の免疫賦活実験を行った。
試験液の調製
オリゴ糖は10%FCSを含むRPMI−6410培地を用いて段階希釈した。すなわち上記マンノオリゴ糖をRPMI−6410培地(10%FBS含む)で0.5g/ml濃度に調製したものを原液として、10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4及び10-5g/ml溶液を調製した。
マウス脾細胞浮遊液の調製
生後5週齢のBALC/c系雄マウスを1週間予備飼育し、その期間中異常の認められなかった動物2匹を本試験に用いた。動物は、室温21乃至25℃、湿度40乃至75%、換気回数約15回/時、明暗サイクル12時間の飼育室内で、TPX製ケージに1乃至2匹ずつ収容して固形飼料(日本クレア(株)製CE―2)及び飲料水として水道水を自由に摂取させて飼育した。
マウス2匹を頸椎脱臼により屠殺して摘出した脾臓をRPMI―1640培地(Biowhittaker社製)を3ml入れておいたシャーレに個別に移し、スライドガラスのフロスト部分を用いて細胞を単離した。細胞液をディスポーサブルシリンジに回収し、しばらく放置した後、ステンレスメッシュを通して遠沈管に移し、約300×g、4℃で5分間遠心分離を行った。そして上清を除き、沈渣にパスツールピペットでRPMI−1640を2ml加え、十分撹拌した後、再度同条件で遠心分離した。この操作を2回繰り返した。最後の遠心分離終了後、上清を廃棄し沈渣にRPMI−1640(10%FBS含有)を2ml加えて細胞浮遊液とした。血球計測盤を用いて細胞数を計測し、2×106/mlに濃度を調製した。
リンパ球幼若化
平板96穴マイクロタイタープレートに左から3列ずつRPMI−1640、0.5mg/mlのPHAまたはLPS、1mg/mlのPHAまたはLPSを10μlずつ加えた。プレートの左2列にRPMI−1640(10%FBS含有)、左3列目からMOSの段階希釈液(0.5、10-1、10-2、10-3及び10-4g/ml)を各10μl添加した。そして左1列目を除く全列に細胞浮遊液を200μlずつ添加し、左1列目はブランクとしてRPMI−1640(10%FBS含有)を200μl添加した。このプレートを37℃、5%CO2環境下で培養した。65時間培養後にブロモデオキシウリジン(BrdU)を添加し、更に4時間培養した。そしてDNAに取り込まれたBrdUの量を酵素免疫抗体法により定量した。
PHA及びLPSによるマウスリンパ球の幼若化反応に対するMOSの影響を表に示した。
PHAあるいはLPSを添加しない場合には、MOSを0.005mg/ml〜25mg/ml添加したとき、マウスリンパ球の増殖は認められなかった。よって、MOSにはリンパ球を幼若化して分裂を誘起させる作用を有していないことがわかった。
PHA最終濃度0.025mg/ml及び0.05mg/mlの時、2例中2例においてMOS最終濃度0.005mg/ml〜0.5mg/mlの範囲でリンパ球分裂増強作用が認められた。
LPS最終濃度0.025mg/mlの時、2例中1例においてMOS最終濃度0.005mg/ml〜0.05mg/mlの範囲で分裂増強作用が認められた。LPS最終濃度0.05mg/mlの時、2例中1例においてMOS最終濃度0.005mg/mlでリンパ球分裂増強作用が認められた。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
マイトジェン濃度や個体差によって反応性に差が認められたものの、マンノオリゴ糖にリンパ球幼若化反応に対する増強作用が認められた。また、この増強作用はLPSよりもPHAの方が明確に認められた。マンノオリゴ糖はTリンパ球の活性化に強く作用すると考えられた。
実施例2
コーヒーミックスの製造法
インスタントコーヒー2.0gと実施例1で調整したマンノオリゴ糖0.5gとを混合しコーヒーミックスを調製した。このミックスをお湯140mlで溶かし、官能評価した結果、従来のインスタントコーヒーの味を十分維持し、しかも、より濃厚で味わい深いコーヒー飲料であった。日常の食習慣を変えることなく免疫賦活効果を期待できる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a composition having an immunostimulatory action mainly composed of oligosaccharides composed of saccharides mainly composed of mannose, and foods and drinks and feeds using the compositions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Immunity is a defense mechanism that protects the body from many microorganisms, viruses and harmful chemicals that have invaded from the outside world, as well as cancer cells created in the body and maintains a healthy state. One. It is important from the viewpoint of preventive medicine to activate the immune function and maintain a healthy body. In particular, lifestyle-related diseases and cancer are becoming problems in the aging society, and there is interest in “food and health” in order to prevent these diseases. For this reason, research is being conducted on the search for immunostimulatory substances from various foods and the mechanism of action. Various health supplements have been developed and sold, but food and beverage products that can activate immunity easily and economically in daily diet have not been developed.
[0003]
The present invention also relates to effective use of unused resources. Conventionally, most of coffee residue has been treated as incineration or industrial waste. In recent years, coffee extraction residues have come to be used as raw materials for compost or activated carbon, but these are not sufficient from the viewpoint of advanced utilization of unused resources. Establishing this method has become an important issue.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is to develop a composition having an immunostimulatory action and to provide an economical and simple food and drink excellent in immunostimulatory effect without significant changes in normal eating habits. It is an object.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent studies to solve these problems, the present inventors have found that sugar residues other than mannose residues are present in sugar chains from food materials containing a large amount of mannan, mainly coffee extract koji hydrolysates. We found an immunostimulatory effect on oligosaccharides mainly composed of mannose having a low group content and a degree of polymerization of 1 to 10 or mannose and 1 to 10 molecules of at least one monosaccharide such as glucose and galactose. The present invention has been completed. Furthermore, by obtaining a mannooligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of 1 to 10 in which the content of sugar residues other than mannose residues is small in a non-colored and acid-free sugar chain, the range of application to food can be dramatically expanded. I found what I could do.
The present invention relates to an oligosaccharide mainly composed of 1 to 10 molecules of monosaccharide mainly composed of mannose or an oligosaccharide composed mainly of mannose composed of 1 to 10 molecules of mannose and at least one monosaccharide such as glucose and galactose. The present invention relates to a composition having an immunostimulatory action characterized by comprising as a main component. The composition means a single compound in which 2 to 10 molecules of monosaccharides mainly composed of mannose or mannose are bonded, or a composition mainly composed of two or more kinds of oligosaccharides selected from them. To do.
The composition of the present invention is preferably a composition having an immunostimulatory effect containing a single compound in which 1 to 10 molecules of mannose are bonded or two or more compounds selected from them.
[0006]
In the composition of the present invention, 1 to 10 molecules of oligosaccharide or mannose in which 1 to 10 molecules of saccharides mainly composed of mannose are bonded to at least one kind of monosaccharides such as glucose and galactose with respect to the total solid content. The total content of oligosaccharides mainly composed of bound mannose is preferably 60% by weight or more, and more preferably 80% by weight or more.
[0007]
In the saccharide composition of the composition of the present invention, it is desirable that the ratio of mannose residues is 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more. If the ratio of the mannose residue is less than 70%, the effect cannot be expected greatly, and the sweetness level increases and the range of application tends to be narrowed. Constituent sugars other than mannose include glucose, galactose, and the like, depending on the starting material to be hydrolyzed, but can be removed as necessary. The free mannose content in the composition is preferably suppressed to 50% or less. If it exceeds 50% by weight, the range of application tends to be restricted due to the bitterness derived from mannose. Furthermore, the oligosaccharide mainly composed of mannose is preferably an oligosaccharide in which 2 to 6 molecules of mannose are bonded.
In the present invention, a composition having an immunostimulatory action mainly composed of mannose obtained by hydrolyzing mannan is preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the said mannan is obtained from a coffee bean and / or a coffee extraction residue.
Furthermore, in the present invention, a composition having an immunostimulatory action mainly composed of mannose obtained by hydrolyzing a coffee extraction residue is preferable.
Moreover, this invention relates also to the food and drink and feed containing the composition which concerns on this invention demonstrated above. The composition according to the present invention can be used in a wide range of fields such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as well as foods and drinks and feeds. The composition of the present invention exhibits an immunostimulatory effect when a person takes it as a food or drink from the mouth.
The composition of the present invention is obtained by extracting mannan from, for example, copra meal obtained from coconut palm, fuchs, South African coconut plants Huacal Palm, tsukunei mannmann, yam mannan, acid hydrolysis, high temperature heat hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, microbial fermentation A sugar mixture and / or konjac cucumber, lily, purified by a method such as activated carbon treatment, adsorption resin treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, ion exchange membrane treatment, etc. One or more methods selected from acid hydrolysis, high-temperature heat hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation of galactomannan contained in daffodils, lobsters, glucomannan, locust bean gum, guar gum, etc. Treatment with activated carbon, adsorption resin treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, The ratio of mannose as a separate purified component sugars by the method of exchange membrane process or the like or may be increased.
Furthermore, raw coffee beans or roasted coffee beans are treated by one or more methods selected from acid hydrolysis, high-temperature heat hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation, activated carbon treatment, adsorption resin treatment It can be obtained by purification by a method such as ion exchange resin treatment or ion exchange membrane treatment.
Alternatively, an aqueous solution obtained by solubilizing a coffee extraction residue by one or more methods selected from acid hydrolysis, high-temperature heat hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation is treated with activated carbon, adsorption resin, ion It can be obtained by purification by a method such as an exchange resin treatment or an ion exchange membrane treatment.
In general, when roasted and ground coffee is extracted with a commercial extractor, galactose, which is a side chain of galactomannan contained in roasted coffee, is solubilized or arabinogalactan is solubilized by hydrolysis. . Therefore, it is presumed that the coffee extraction residue is rich in mannan and has a linear structure. On the other hand, although cellulose is hardly decomposed and remains as a residue, an oligosaccharide mainly composed of mannose can be obtained by appropriately selecting conditions for specifically hydrolyzing mannan without decomposing cellulose.
As long as the coffee extraction residue used in the present invention is extracted in a normal liquid coffee or instant coffee manufacturing process, it may be extracted under normal pressure, under pressure, or from any origin and production method. can do.
A composition prepared by hydrolyzing the coffee extraction residue with acid and / or heat and containing oligosaccharides with high purity can be used as it is added to liquid coffee, instant coffee, etc., but if necessary, activated carbon In addition, it is possible to provide a coffee richer in the original taste and aroma of coffee by adding a product that has been subjected to a purification treatment such as decolorization, deodorization, or deoxidation with an ion exchange resin or a solvent.
[0008]
Furthermore, it can be used after being fractionated into manno-oligosaccharides having a specific degree of polymerization by column chromatography or the like.
In the present invention, a typical method for producing a composition containing an oligosaccharide in which 1 to 10 molecules of monosaccharides mainly composed of mannose are bonded from a coffee extraction residue will be described below. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to the following production method. It is not something.
Examples of the method for decomposing the coffee extraction residue include a method of hydrolyzing with an acid and / or high temperature, a method of decomposing with an enzyme, and a method of decomposing by microbial fermentation. Methods for hydrolyzing with an acid and / or high temperature are disclosed in JP-A-61-96947, JP-A-2-200147 and the like. The coffee extraction residue produced in a commercial coffee multistage extraction system can be hydrolyzed by adding an acid catalyst in the reaction vessel, or by treating it at high temperature for a short time without adding an acid catalyst. Can also be obtained. Although it is convenient to use a tubular plug flow reactor, good results can be obtained with any reactor that is suitable for carrying out a reaction at a relatively high temperature for a short time. By adjusting the reaction time and reaction temperature, solubilizing and hydrolyzing, DP-10 to 40 mannan are decomposed into DP1 to 10 manno-oligosaccharides, and then separated from coffee residues to obtain manno-oligosaccharides.
The term “mannan” refers to a polysaccharide consisting broadly of d-mannose. Monosaccharide d-mannose is an aldohexose, in which the configuration of the hydroxyl group bonded to the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group in d-glucose is reversed. “Oligosaccharide” means a polymer having a relatively small number of monosaccharides. In particular, in the present specification, it refers to a polymer having 10 or less monosaccharides. Mannose is an oligosaccharide of DP1 for convenience, but strictly speaking, an oligosaccharide consists of two or more monosaccharides.
“Degree of polymerization” or “DP” means the number of monosaccharides constituting the oligosaccharide. Therefore, for example, a manno-oligosaccharide in which mannose is composed of four monosaccharides has a degree of polymerization of 4, and is described as DP4.
[0009]
The “coffee extraction residue” means a so-called coffee extraction cake after extracting roasted and ground coffee with a solvent such as water under atmospheric conditions or pressurized conditions. Moreover, as a method of decomposing with an enzyme, for example, a coffee extraction residue may be suspended in an aqueous medium, and for example, commercially available cellulase and hemicellulase may be added thereto and suspended while stirring. There are no particular problems with the amount of enzyme, the temperature at which it acts, and other conditions as long as it is the amount, temperature, and conditions used in normal enzyme reactions, depending on the optimum amount of enzyme used, temperature, conditions, and other factors. What is necessary is just to select suitably.
Moreover, as a method of decomposing by microbial fermentation, for example, a microorganism that produces cellulase, hemicellulase, etc. may be inoculated and cultured in a coffee extraction residue suspended in an aqueous medium. The microorganism to be used may be any microorganism that produces an enzyme that decomposes mannan in the coffee extraction residue such as bacteria and basidiomycetes, and the culture conditions and the like may be appropriately selected depending on the microorganism to be used.
[0010]
The reaction solution containing a composition containing an oligosaccharide in which 1 to 10 molecules of monosaccharides mainly composed of mannose obtained by the above method are bound is purified as necessary. As purification methods, bone charcoal, activated carbon, carbonic acid saturation method, adsorption resin, magnesia method, solvent extraction method, etc. are used for decolorization and deodorization, and ion exchange resin, ion exchange membrane, electrodialysis, etc. are used for desalting and deoxidation. . The combination of the purification methods and the purification conditions may be appropriately selected according to the amount of the dye, salt, acid, etc. in the reaction solution containing the manno-oligosaccharide to which 1 to 10 molecules of mannose are bound, and other factors.
[0011]
[Operation and effect of the invention]
The thus obtained composition containing oligosaccharide having 1 to 10 molecules of monosaccharide mainly composed of mannose (hereinafter referred to as “mannooligosaccharide” or simply “MOS”) contains lymphocytes. Although it does not have the effect of inducing mitogenesis and mitosis, it has been observed to promote and enhance lymphocyte division.
MOS, which is a composition according to the present invention, was more effective in promoting and enhancing division caused by stimulation of PHA acting on T lymphocytes than division caused by stimulation of LPS acting on B lymphocytes. It can be said that it strongly acts on the activation of T lymphocytes.
[0012]
B lymphocytes divide and differentiate by antigen stimulation to become antibody-producing cells and participate in the humoral immune system. On the other hand, T lymphocytes undergo sensitization of mitosis and differentiation upon antigen stimulation, and not only participate in the cellular immune system but also serve as helper cells for the differentiation and proliferation of B lymphocytes. Also involved in the immune system.
MOS has an effect of promoting lymphocyte division and proliferation when lymphocytes are antigen-stimulated, and in particular, has an immunostimulatory effect by activating T lymphocytes involved in humoral and cellular immunity. I found out.
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
Example 1
Preparation of mannooligosaccharide In order to make it easy to send the coffee extraction residue to the reactor, it was first pulverized to a particle size of about 1 mm. Next, a slurry comprising water and a pulverized product having a total solid content concentration of about 14% by weight was prepared and heat-treated in a 4 m hot plug flow reactor. Pumped to the plug reactor with high pressure steam at a rate corresponding to a residence time of 8 minutes and maintained at about 210 ° C. using a 6.35 mmφ orifice. Thereafter, the reaction was stopped by spraying under atmospheric pressure. The resulting slurry was filtered to separate a liquid containing soluble solids from insoluble solids. This soluble solid-containing liquid was decolorized with activated carbon and an adsorption resin, further desalted with an ion exchange resin, concentrated and dried to obtain a mannooligosaccharide with a yield of 14%.
[0013]
The DP distribution of the composition having an immunostimulatory effect thus obtained is, for example, DP1; 2.4%, DP2; 26.6%, DP3; 20.2%, DP4; 17.8%, DP5; 10.9%, DP6; 8.9%, DP7; 6.0%, DP8; 3.6%, DP9; 1.9%, DP10; 1.7%, containing mannose residues in the sugar chain Although the amount is 90%, the DP distribution and the content of mannose residues in the sugar chain can take various values depending on the hydrolysis conditions. Oligosaccharide DP1 as mannose, DP2 as mannobiose, DP3 as mannotriose, DP4 as mannotetraose, DP5 as mannopentaose, DP6 as mannohexaose, etc. DP7 is mannoheptaose or the like, DP8 is mannooctaose or the like, DP9 is mannononaose or the like, DP10 is mannodekaose or the like, and the binding mode is β-1,4 bond. The following immunostimulation experiment was conducted using the mannooligosaccharide thus obtained.
Preparation of test solution Oligosaccharides were serially diluted using RPMI-6410 medium containing 10% FCS. That is, 10 −1 , 10 −2 , 10 −3 , 10 −4, and 10 −5 g were prepared by using the manno-oligosaccharide prepared in RPMI-6410 medium (containing 10% FBS) to a concentration of 0.5 g / ml. A / ml solution was prepared.
Preparation of mouse spleen cell suspension A 5-week-old BALC / c male mouse was preliminarily bred for 1 week, and 2 animals in which no abnormality was observed during this period were used in this study. The animals are housed in a TPX cage in a breeding room with a room temperature of 21 to 25 ° C., a humidity of 40 to 75%, a ventilation rate of about 15 times / hour, and a light / dark cycle of 12 hours. Co., Ltd. CE-2) and tap water as drinking water were bred freely.
Two mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the spleen removed was individually transferred to a petri dish containing 3 ml of RPMI-1640 medium (Biowhittaker), and cells were isolated using the frosted portion of the slide glass. The cell solution was collected in a disposable syringe and allowed to stand for a while, then transferred to a centrifuge tube through a stainless mesh and centrifuged at about 300 × g for 5 minutes at 4 ° C. Then, the supernatant was removed, and 2 ml of RPMI-1640 was added to the sediment with a Pasteur pipette, stirred well, and then centrifuged again under the same conditions. This operation was repeated twice. After the final centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded, and 2 ml of RPMI-1640 (containing 10% FBS) was added to the sediment to obtain a cell suspension. The number of cells was counted using a hemocytometer, and the concentration was adjusted to 2 × 10 6 / ml.
Lymphocyte blastogenesis 10 μl each of RPMI-1640, 0.5 mg / ml PHA or LPS, 1 mg / ml PHA or LPS was added to a flat plate 96-well microtiter plate in three rows from the left. RPMI-1640 (containing 10% FBS) in the left two rows of the plate, and MOS serial dilutions (0.5, 10 −1 , 10 −2 , 10 −3 and 10 −4 g / ml) from the third row on the left 10 μl of each was added. Then, 200 μl of cell suspension was added to all columns except the first column on the left, and 200 μl of RPMI-1640 (containing 10% FBS) was added as a blank in the left column. The plate was cultured at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 environment. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added after culturing for 65 hours, and further cultured for 4 hours. The amount of BrdU incorporated into the DNA was quantified by the enzyme immunoassay method.
The effect of MOS on the blastogenesis of mouse lymphocytes by PHA and LPS is shown in the table.
When PHA or LPS was not added, proliferation of mouse lymphocytes was not observed when MOS was added at 0.005 mg / ml to 25 mg / ml. Therefore, it was found that MOS does not have an action of inducing lymphocytes to induce division.
When the final PHA concentrations were 0.025 mg / ml and 0.05 mg / ml, lymphocyte division-enhancing effects were observed in the MOS final concentration range of 0.005 mg / ml to 0.5 mg / ml in 2 of the 2 cases.
When the LPS final concentration was 0.025 mg / ml, in one of the two cases, a mitotic enhancing effect was observed in the MOS final concentration range of 0.005 mg / ml to 0.05 mg / ml. When the LPS final concentration was 0.05 mg / ml, lymphocyte division-enhancing effect was observed in one of the two cases at a MOS final concentration of 0.005 mg / ml.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
Although there was a difference in reactivity depending on mitogen concentration and individual differences, manno-oligosaccharides were shown to enhance lymphocyte blastogenesis. In addition, this potentiating effect was clearly recognized in PHA than in LPS. Manno-oligosaccharides were thought to act strongly on T lymphocyte activation.
Example 2
Manufacturing method of coffee mix 2.0 g of instant coffee and 0.5 g of manno-oligosaccharide prepared in Example 1 were mixed to prepare a coffee mix. This mix was dissolved in 140 ml of hot water and subjected to sensory evaluation. As a result, the taste of the conventional instant coffee was sufficiently maintained, and the coffee beverage was richer and more delicious. The immunostimulatory effect can be expected without changing daily eating habits.
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