JP2002262827A - Serum lipid improving composition containing mannooligosaccharide - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition effective for improving the serum lipid level by using unused resources. SOLUTION: The composition effective for improving the serum lipid level contains an oligosaccharide as a main component. The oligosaccharide is composed mainly of 1-10 molecules of bonded monosaccharides composed mainly of mannose and produced by hydrolyzing mannan obtained from coffee beans and/or extraction residue of coffee.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composition mainly composed of oligosaccharides mainly composed of mannose and having an effect of improving serum lipids, and to a food, a food and a feed using the composition.

[0002] In recent years, where the relationship between diet and lifestyle-related diseases has become a major concern, the physiological functions of foods have attracted attention. In particular, as the incidence of lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver is increasing, how to prevent obesity, which is thought to be the cause of these diseases, in daily eating habits is a major issue. It has become. Lipids are greatly involved in obesity, and there is a need for a food material that suppresses an increase in serum lipids. Conventionally, dietary fiber has been used for the purpose of controlling lipids, but its flavor and texture have changed, and its disadvantages remain economically.

In recent years, β-mannose biose such as β-1,4 mannobiose, which is a compound in which D-mannose is β-1,4 bonded, has been developed.
The physiological functions of 1,4-mannooligosaccharides have attracted attention, and are also known as substances for preventing harmful bacterial contamination of livestock (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-38064). D-mannose is β-1,4 as an important partial structure of the sugar chain of human glycoprotein.
It contains bound manno-oligosaccharides and is expected to be used not only as a raw material for food and drink but also as a raw material for pharmaceuticals (Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-21278, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-998).
9).

[0004] The present invention also relates to the effective use of unused resources. Conventionally, most coffee extraction residues have been incinerated or treated as industrial waste. In recent years, coffee extraction residues have been used as a raw material for compost or activated carbon.However, they are not sufficient from the viewpoint of advanced utilization of unused resources. It is an important issue to establish the method of the above.

[0005]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the physiological functions of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides having a mannose residue are added to feed in order to prevent infection by harmful bacteria (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-2008). 38064), a method of applying to plants or soil to promote plant growth (JP-A-63-215606) and the like have been proposed.
It is almost unknown what physiological function is exhibited by humans, and a method for growing bifidobacteria by ingesting glucomannan oligosaccharide, which is a hydrolyzate of konjac (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-21780) )
Is only proposed. Moreover, the method is a method of growing bifidobacteria, and there is a possibility that other intestinal harmful bacteria may also grow. In addition, the konjac hydrolyzate contains a large amount of glucose residues other than mannose residues in the sugar chain, and there is no report on a manno-oligosaccharide containing almost no sugar residues other than mannose residues. .

As a method for producing monosaccharides and oligosaccharides having a mannose residue, for example, glucomannan contained in konjac, lily and the like, and galactomannan contained in guar gum, locust bean gum and the like are hydrolyzed with an acid or an enzyme. A method of decomposing (JP-A-63-49093) and a method of producing mannobiose from copra meal by enzymatic hydrolysis (JP-A-11-18793) have been proposed.

However, glucomannan or galactomannan hydrolyzate is mixed with glucose, galactose, etc., and is far from a manno-oligosaccharide having mannose as a main constituent sugar.

[0008] Manno-oligosaccharides having a low content of sugar residues other than mannose residues in the sugar chain can be obtained by hydrolyzing the coffee extraction residue (US Pat. No. 4,484,012, U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,
No. 745, U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,730) contains a coloring substance, a lipid, a protein, a salt, an acid and the like.

Furthermore, by hydrolyzing copra meal and subjecting mannose to condensation or transfer reaction, mannooligosaccharides having a low content of sugar residues other than mannose residues in the sugar chain can be obtained (JP-A-11-018).
791), however, their physiological functions and their use in food and drink are unknown. It is an object of the present invention to provide an economical and simple food and drink which is excellent in the action of improving serum lipids without a significant change in normal eating habits.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve these problems, and as a result, have found that a food material containing a large amount of mannan, mainly a coffee extract lees hydrolyzate, Mannose oligosaccharides having a low content of sugar residues other than mannose residues in the degree of polymerization of 1 to 10 or mannose and at least one kind of monosaccharides such as glucose and galactose are mainly composed of mannose in which 1 to 10 molecules are bonded. The inventors have found that the oligosaccharides have an effect of improving serum lipids, and have completed the present invention. Further, by obtaining mannooligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 1 to 10 having a low content of sugar residues other than mannose residues in an uncolored, acid-free sugar chain, the range of application to food can be dramatically expanded. I found what I could do.

The present invention relates to an oligosaccharide comprising 1 to 10 molecules of a monosaccharide mainly composed of mannose, or a mannose mainly composed of 1 to 10 molecules of mannose and at least one monosaccharide such as glucose and galactose. The present invention relates to a composition having an activity of improving serum lipids, characterized in that the composition has an oligosaccharide as a main component. The composition comprises mannose or a mannose-based monosaccharide of 2 to 1%.
It refers to a single compound with 0 molecules bonded, or a composition mainly composed of two or more oligosaccharides selected from them. In the composition of the present invention, mannose is 1 to 1;
It is desirable that the composition be a single compound having 0 molecules bonded or a composition containing two or more compounds selected from them, which has an effect of improving serum lipids.

In the composition of the present invention, the total content of oligosaccharides having 1 to 10 monosaccharides mainly composed of mannose bonded to the total solid content is preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight. preferable.

In the saccharide composition of the composition of the present invention, the ratio of mannose residues is preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more. If the ratio of mannose residues is less than 70%, the effect cannot be expected to be large, and the sweetness is also increased, and the range of application tends to be narrowed. The constituent sugars include glucose, galactose, etc., depending on the starting material to be hydrolyzed, in addition to mannose, but can be removed as necessary. The content of free mannose in the composition is desirably suppressed to 50% or less. If it exceeds 50% by weight, the range of application tends to be restricted due to bitterness derived from mannose. Further, the oligosaccharide mainly composed of mannose is preferably an oligosaccharide having 2 to 6 molecules of mannose bonded thereto. And the binding mode is β-1,4
It is preferably a bond.

In the present invention, a composition having an activity of improving serum lipids containing mannose as a main component obtained by hydrolyzing mannan is preferred. Also,
It is preferred that the mannan is obtained from coffee beans and / or coffee extraction residue.

Further, in the present invention, a composition having an effect of improving serum lipids containing mannose as a main component obtained by hydrolyzing a coffee extraction residue is preferred.

The present invention also relates to foods and drinks and feeds containing the above-described composition according to the present invention. The composition according to the present invention can be in any form, such as powder, granules, tablets, and syrup, and can be applied to a wide range of fields such as other foods and drinks and feeds. And, by taking it through the mouth, it exerts an effect of improving serum lipids. The rate of addition is not particularly limited, but is appropriately selected depending on the desired characteristics of the food or drink or feed.

The composition of the present invention is obtained by extracting mannan from, for example, copra meal, hook obtained from coconut coconut palm, HuacraPalm from South Africa, tsukuneimomannan, and yamimomannan, and then subjecting to acid hydrolysis, high temperature heat hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis. A sugar mixture and / or konjac potato, lily, which are treated by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of: activated carbon treatment, adsorption resin treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, ion exchange membrane treatment, etc. Glucomannan contained in narcissus, amaryllidaceae, etc., galactomannan contained in locust bean gum, guar gum, etc. is treated by one or more methods selected from acid hydrolysis, high temperature heat hydrolysis, and enzyme hydrolysis. , Activated carbon treatment, adsorption resin treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, ion exchange membrane treatment Or it may be an increased ratio of mannose as a way to separation and purification constituent sugars and the like.

Further, the green coffee beans or the roasted coffee beans are treated by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of acid hydrolysis, high temperature heat hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis,
It can be obtained by purification by a method such as activated carbon treatment, adsorption resin treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, or ion exchange membrane treatment.

Alternatively, an aqueous solution obtained by solubilizing a used coffee residue by one or more methods selected from acid hydrolysis, high-temperature heat hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis is treated with activated carbon, adsorbed resin, It can be obtained by purification by a method such as ion exchange resin treatment and ion exchange membrane treatment.

Generally, when roasted and ground coffee is extracted with a commercial extractor, galactose which is a side chain of galactomannan contained in the roasted coffee is solubilized, and arabinogalactan is hydrolyzed. Solubilize. Therefore, it is presumed that coffee residue is rich in mannan and has a linear structure. On the other hand, although cellulose is hardly decomposed and remains as a residue, an oligosaccharide mainly composed of mannose can be obtained by appropriately selecting conditions for specifically hydrolyzing mannan without decomposing cellulose.

[0021] The coffee extraction residue used in the present invention may be extracted under normal pressure or pressure, as long as it is extracted in a usual liquid coffee or instant coffee production process, and coffee extraction residue of any origin and production method. Can also be used.

A composition prepared by hydrolyzing a coffee extraction residue with acid and / or heat and containing oligosaccharides with high purity can be used as it is by adding it directly to liquid coffee, instant coffee or the like. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a coffee having a richer original taste and aroma by adding a product which has been subjected to a purification treatment such as decolorization, deodorization, and deoxidation with activated carbon, an ion exchange resin or the like.

Further, it can be used after fractionating into mannooligosaccharides having a specific polymerization degree by column chromatography or the like. Hereinafter, in the present invention, a typical method for producing a composition containing oligosaccharides in which monosaccharides containing mannose as a main component are bonded in 1 to 10 molecules from a coffee extraction residue is described, but is not necessarily limited to the following production method. Not something.

Methods for decomposing the coffee extraction residue include a method of hydrolyzing with an acid and / or high temperature and a method of decomposing with an enzyme. A method of hydrolyzing with an acid and / or high temperature is described in JP-A-61-96.
947, JP-A-2-200147 and the like. Spent coffee residue from a commercial coffee multi-stage extraction system can be hydrolyzed by adding an acid catalyst in a reaction vessel, or by treating at a high temperature for a short time without adding an acid catalyst. It can also be obtained by decomposition. It is convenient to use a tubular plug flow reactor, but good results can be obtained using any reactor that is suitable for conducting a reaction at a relatively high temperature for a short time. The reaction time and reaction temperature are adjusted, solubilized and hydrolyzed to decompose the mannan of DP10 to 40 into mannooligosaccharides of DP1 to 10, and then separate from the coffee residue to obtain mannooligosaccharides.

The term "mannan" refers to a polysaccharide consisting broadly of d-mannose. The monosaccharide d-mannose is an aldohexose, in which the configuration of the hydroxyl group bonded to the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group in d-glucose is reversed.

"Oligosaccharide" means a polymer having relatively few monosaccharides. In particular, in the present specification, it refers to a polymer in which the number of monosaccharides is 10 or less. Mannose is a DP1 oligosaccharide for convenience, but strictly speaking, an oligosaccharide refers to one composed of two or more monosaccharides.

"Degree of polymerization" or "DP" means the number of monosaccharides constituting an oligosaccharide. Therefore, for example, the degree of polymerization of a manno-oligosaccharide in which mannose is composed of four monosaccharides is 4, and is described as DP4.

"Coffee residue" means, for example, so-called coffee extract cake after extraction under atmospheric conditions.
As a method of decomposing with an enzyme, for example, a coffee extraction residue may be suspended in an aqueous medium, and then, for example, a commercially available cellulase, hemicellulase, or the like may be added thereto and suspended with stirring. The amount of the enzyme, the temperature at which it is allowed to act, and other conditions are not particularly limited as long as it is the amount, temperature, and conditions used in a normal enzyme reaction, and may depend on the optimal amount of the enzyme to be used, temperature, conditions, and other factors. What is necessary is just to select suitably.

The reaction solution containing a composition containing oligosaccharides having 1 to 10 molecules of monosaccharides mainly composed of mannose obtained by the above method is purified as necessary. As a purification method, decolorization is performed by bone charcoal, activated carbon, carbonation saturation method, adsorption resin, magnesia method, etc.
Desalting and deoxidizing are performed by ion exchange membrane, electrodialysis and the like. The combination of the purification methods and the purification conditions are as follows.
What is necessary is just to select suitably according to the quantity of a pigment | dye, a salt, an acid, etc. in the reaction liquid containing the mannooligosaccharide which couple | bonded 10-10 molecules, and other factors.

Next, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples and test examples. Example 1 In order to easily send a coffee extraction residue to a reactor, the residue was first ground to a particle size of about 1 mm. Next, a slurry consisting of water and a pulverized product having a total solid content of about 14 w / w% was prepared and heat-treated in a 4 m hot plug flow reactor. Pumped with high pressure steam to the plug flow reactor at a rate corresponding to a residence time of 8 minutes, using a 6.35 mmφ orifice for approximately 2 minutes.
Maintained at 10 ° C. The reaction was then halted by squirting under atmospheric pressure. Filter the resulting slurry,
A liquid containing a soluble solid was separated from an insoluble solid. The solution containing the soluble solid was decolorized with activated carbon and an adsorption resin, and then desalted with an ion exchange resin. After fractionation with activated charcoal, the mixture is concentrated and dried to obtain one monosaccharide mainly composed of mannose.
A composition containing 10 to 10 molecules of linked oligosaccharides was obtained at a yield of 13%. The DP distribution of the composition used to evaluate the usefulness of the serum lipid improving effect was DP1; 0.6%, DP
2; 34.6%, DP3; 23.5%, DP4;
2%, DP5; 12.7%, DP6; 8.3%, DP7
Above: 4.1%. The content of the mannose residue in the sugar chain is 90%, and the oligosaccharide DP1 is mannose or the like, DP2 is mannobiose or the like, DP3 is mannotriose or the like, DP4 is mannotetraose or the like, and DP5 is DP5 or the like. Is mannopentaose, DP
6 is mannohexaose or the like, DP7 is mannoheptaose or the like, and the binding mode is β-1,4 bond. Six-week-old Slc: Wistar (SPF) male rats were pre-fed for 1 week on powdered feed. 1
After fasting for 6 hours, blood was collected from the jugular vein under light anesthesia with ether, and after serum separation, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were measured by an automatic analyzer. Based on the total cholesterol concentration and body weight at that time, the rats were divided into two groups of five per group by a continuous randomization method, and the test meal (control group) and the composition according to the present invention were added to the test meal at 5%. Test food (MOS
Group) each for 4 weeks. Table 1 shows the composition of the test meal.

Feed formulation

[Table 1]

Breeding is performed at room temperature 22 ± 3 ° C. and humidity 50 ± 20.
%, In a breeding room with a 12-hour light-dark cycle, and feed and drinking water were freely available. Blood was collected from the jugular vein under light ether anesthesia in a state in which each group had been fasted for 16 hours or more at 1 week and 4 weeks after ingestion, and after serum separation, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were measured with an automatic analyzer It was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

Changes in serum lipids

[Table 2] The effect appears from the first week of ingestion, and after 4 weeks, MOS
It became clear that the increase in both total cholesterol and neutral fat was significantly suppressed in the group as compared with the control group.

Example 2 The effect of the composition according to the present invention was verified on one subject (46 years old, male) with hyperlipidemia. The subjects did not administer any drugs or took any probiotic agents (lactic acid bacteria products) from 3 weeks before the start of the test to throughout the test period, but did not perform any other dietary restrictions. 3 g of a dry powder of mannooligosaccharide having the composition of the representative example was dissolved in a beverage once a day and ingested for two consecutive weeks. Blood was collected before and at the end of the intake period to measure total cholesterol and triglycerides. Table 3 shows the results.

Changes in serum lipids

[Table 3]

Example 3 Method for Producing a Coffee Mix A coffee mix was prepared by mixing 2.0 g of instant coffee, 0.5 g of manno-oligosaccharide powder and 3.0 g of creaming powder. Add this mix to hot water 140
As a result of dissolving the mixture in ml and performing a sensory evaluation, the taste of the conventional milk coffee was sufficiently maintained, and a thicker and more flavored coffee beverage was obtained. If this drink is continued to be taken, an effect of suppressing an increase in blood lipid can be expected.

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Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) a monosaccharide mainly containing mannose is 1 to 10:
Serum lipid improving activity characterized in that the main component is a mannose-based oligosaccharide in which 1 to 10 molecule-bound oligosaccharides or mannose and at least one monosaccharide such as glucose and galactose are bound. A composition comprising: 2. An oligosaccharide in which 1 to 10 molecules of a monosaccharide mainly composed of mannose are bonded to the total solid content, or 1 to 10 molecules of a mannose and at least one type of monosaccharide such as glucose and galactose are bonded. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the total content of oligosaccharides mainly composed of mannose is 60 w / w% or more. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of mannose residues is at least 70 w / w% in the saccharide composition. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide mainly composed of mannose is at least one selected from oligosaccharides having 2 to 6 molecules of mannose bonded thereto. Composition. 5. A composition obtained by subjecting the composition according to claim 1 to hydrolysis treatment of mannan. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said mannan is obtained from coffee bean and / or coffee extract residue. 7. A food, drink or feed containing the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6.