JP4300618B2 - Friction stir welding method and sealed container obtained thereby - Google Patents

Friction stir welding method and sealed container obtained thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4300618B2
JP4300618B2 JP4984299A JP4984299A JP4300618B2 JP 4300618 B2 JP4300618 B2 JP 4300618B2 JP 4984299 A JP4984299 A JP 4984299A JP 4984299 A JP4984299 A JP 4984299A JP 4300618 B2 JP4300618 B2 JP 4300618B2
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container body
lid
tool
friction stir
stir welding
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JP2000246467A (en
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久司 堀
慎也 牧田
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、肉厚の異なる部材間の周状突合せ部を摩擦攪拌接合で気密接合する方法及びそれにより得られた電池ケース等の密閉容器に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
アルミニウム，アルミニウム合金等のアルミニウム材料製密封容器の製造に際しては、ＭＩＧ溶接等の溶融溶接で容器本体に蓋体を密封状態で一体化しているが、被溶接材料に大量の熱が与えられるため熱変形が生じ易い。一般的に容器本体は薄肉、蓋体は厚肉であるため、熱容量の相違に起因して溶接熱によって上昇する温度も容器本体と蓋体では異なったものとなりやすい。この状態で容器本体に蓋体が接合されるため、熱変形による開先形状の変形，溶込み不良等から接合部の気密性が十分に確保できない。
【０００３】
溶融溶接に替わる方法として、摩擦攪拌接合が注目されている。摩擦攪拌接合では、図１（ａ）に示すように、一対のアルミニウム材料製板材１ａ，１ｂの突合せ端面に沿って回転ツール２を押圧状態で移動させる。回転ツール２は、被接合材である板材１ａ，１ｂよりも硬度及び軟化温度の高い材料でできており、円筒形ツール２ａの下端から攪拌ピン２ｂが軸方向に突出している。円筒形ツール２ａの底面は、軸中心に向かって窪んだ表面押え部２ｃとなっている。
【０００４】
板材１ａ，１ｂの突合せ端面に対し、図１（ｂ）に示すように、回転ツール２を若干傾けて回転させながら左方向に移動する。板材１ａ，１ｂの突合せ端面近傍にあるアルミニウム材料は、攪拌ピン２ｂの回転移動による摩擦熱で加熱され可塑化される。その結果、突合せ端面の近傍にあるメタルは、各板材１ａ，１ｂ間にわたって水平方向及び垂直方向に流動化し攪拌される。表面押え部２ｃは、流動化したアルミニウム材料の垂直方向の動きを抑制して摩擦熱を発生させると共に、攪拌ピン２ｂと相俟って流動化したアルミニウム材料を攪拌する。その結果、一定の幅及び深さをもつ接合部３が形成される。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
摩擦攪拌接合で形成された接合部３は、アーク溶接等で形成される盛り上がったビードと異なり、板材１ａ，１ｂの表面とほぼ同じ表面になるため、後加工も容易である。しかも、アーク溶接等の溶融溶接に比較して板材１ａ，１ｂに与える熱量が大幅に少ないため、溶接時に発生しがちな熱変形も抑制される。
しかし、従来の摩擦攪拌接合では、被接合材料を一平面上に配置し、直線状又は曲線状の突合せ部を接合することが大半であった。また、電池ケースの容器本体と蓋体とのように肉厚の異なる材料を摩擦攪拌接合すると、厚肉材と薄肉材とではメタルの攪拌流動に差が生じるため、十分な攪拌状態が得られず未溶接部等の欠陥を含む接合部が形成されがちである。また、摩擦熱で可塑化した薄肉側のメタルが厚肉側に流動し、接合後の薄肉側に肉不足が生じることもある。肉不足は、継手強度を低下させるばかりでなく、気密性を損ねる原因にもなる。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、このような問題を解消すべく案出されたものであり、被接合材の肉厚との関係で回転ツールの回転方向を規制することにより、接合界面を介し厚肉及び薄肉の両被接合材にわたって可塑化されたアルミニウム材料の流動を均一化し、気密性の高い接合部を形成させることを目的とする。
本発明の摩擦攪拌接合方法は、その目的を達成するため、厚肉アルミニウム部材の端面に段差部を形成し、当該段差部に薄肉アルミニウム材を前記厚肉アルミニウム部材と直交する方向に、当該薄肉アルミニウム材の表面と前記厚肉アルミニウム部材の端面の先端面とが同一面となるように押し当てて厚肉アルミニウム部材と薄肉アルミニウム材の突合せ部を形成し、当該突合せ部に回転ツールの攪拌ピンを押し込み、回転ツールの進行速度に回転速度が加算されるシアー側（たとえば、ツール回転方向が下向き時計回りの場合では接合進行方向左側）に厚肉アルミニウム材が位置する方向に回転ツールを回転させながら前記攪拌ピンを突合せ部に押込んだ状態のままで当該突合せ部に沿って回転ツールを進行させることを特徴とする。
【０００７】
電池ケース等の容器本体に蓋体を気密接合する場合、断面長円状の内部空間をもつアルミニウム材料製容器本体に、厚肉アルミニウ部材からなり端面に容器本体側の寸法が小さくなるような段差部を形成した蓋体の、寸法が小さくなるように形成された段差部で形成される挿入部を差し込み、容器本体の側壁と蓋体の側壁とを突き合わせて容器本体を周回する突合せ部を形成し、突合せ部に回転ツールの攪拌ピンを押し込み、回転ツールの進行速度に回転速度が加算されるシアー側に蓋体が位置する方向に回転ツールを回転させながら前記攪拌ピンを突合せ部に押込んだ状態のままで当該突合せ部に沿って回転ツールを進行させる。
回転ツールは、表面押え部を被接合材表面に接触させた状態で、被接合材表面の法線と攪拌ピンの軸線との間の角度で定義される前進角θを３〜３０度の範囲に設定することが好ましい。
【０００８】
【実施の形態】
以下、電池ケースの容器本体に蓋体を気密接合する場合を例にとって本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに拘束されるものではなく、肉厚が異なるアルミニウム材料を周回する突合せ部に沿って接合する場合にも同様に適用される。
電池ケースの容器本体１０は、アルミニウム材料の深絞り加工又は扱き加工で作られており、図２に示すように断面がほぼ長円形で、底板が一体成形された深い形状をもっている。容器本体１０の厚みｔ1 は、深絞り加工を容易にし、且つ電池ケースの軽量化を図るため、電池ケースのサイズにもよるが通常０．５〜２ｍｍの範囲に設定されている。
【０００９】
容器本体１０に気密接合される蓋体２０は、アルミニウム材料の鍛造加工等によって作られており、容器本体１０の断面長円形の内部空間に差し込まれる挿入部２１をカバー部２２の下方に備えている。カバー部２２は、容器本体１０の外側形状と同じ形状をもっており、挿入部２１を容器本体１０に差し込んだとき、容器本体１０の側壁１１及びカバー部２２の側壁２３が連続面を形成する。蓋体１０は、最も厚い部分で３〜１５ｍｍの厚みをもっている。
容器本体１０に蓋体２０を気密接合するに際しては、図３に示すように容器本体１０に挿入部２１を挿し込み、容器本体１０の側壁１１にカバー部２２の側壁２３を位置合せする。側壁１１と側壁２３との突合せ部に回転ツール３０の攪拌ピン３１を押し込み、回転ツール３０を高速回転すると、接合界面近傍にある側壁１１及び２３のメタルは攪拌ピン３１及び表面押え部３２との摩擦によって加熱され可塑化し流動する。
【００１０】
メタルの流動によって側壁１１と２３との間に接合部Ｗが形成されるが、回転ツール３０の回転方向が接合部Ｗの形状や継手強度，気密性等に大きな影響を及ぼす。
進行方向Ｄに進む回転ツール３０の進行速度Ｖadが回転ツール３０の回転速度Ｖrtに加算される側（以下、シアー側といい、反対側をフロー側という）に厚肉の蓋体２０が位置する場合（図４ａ）、先ず回転ツール３０と蓋体２０及び容器本体１０との間で摩擦熱が発生する。発生した摩擦熱で蓋体２０の材料が可塑化され、攪拌ピン３１の挿入及び回転による塑性流動で攪拌ピン３１の上方に移動する。移動した材料は、回転ツール３０の回転によって更に後方に押し流され、回転ツール３０の最下点で表面押え部３２の後端により押し込まれる。その結果、容器本体１０の接合部近傍に肉不足を生じることなく、突合せ部が強固に接合される。
【００１１】
これに対し、フロー側に厚肉の蓋体２０が位置すると、摩擦熱によって可塑化された容器本体１０の材料が攪拌ピン３１及び回転ツール３０の回転によって上方に移動するが、回転速度Ｖrtと進行速度Ｖadの差ΔＶ（＝Ｖrt−Ｖad）の分だけメタル流動量が少なくなる。移動した材料は、回転ツール３０の回転により更に後方に押し流され、回転ツール３０の最下点で押し込まれる。その結果、容器本体１０の接合部近傍に肉不足が生じ、接合強度が不充分で気密性にも劣る継手が形成される。
また、蓋体２０の挿入部２１を容器本体１０に差し込んだ状態で側壁１１と２３との突合せ部に回転ツール３０を押し当てているので、回転ツール３０の押圧力は蓋体２０の平面方向で受け止められる。その結果、平面状ベースに突合せ部を載置しなくても、容器本体１０の変形が防止され、容器本体１０を周回する気密接合部が形成される。
【００１２】
摩擦攪拌接合に際しては、表面押え部３２の縁部が被接合材料である容器本体１０及び蓋体２０の表面に接する状態で、回転ツール３０の前進角θを３〜３０度の範囲に設定することが好ましい。前進角θは、図５に示すように容器本体１０及び蓋体２０につけた曲面の法線Ｌ1 と攪拌ピン３１の軸線Ｌ2 との間の角度として定義される。前進角θが３度未満になると、接合部前方にある容器本体１０及び蓋体２０のメタルを押圧する表面押え部３２の前方に働く力が大きくなりすぎ、摩擦熱で可塑化したメタルが回転ツール３０の外方に排出され、接合部に欠陥が発生しやすくなる。逆に３０度を超える前進角θでは、接合部後方にある容器本体１０及び蓋体２０のメタルを押圧する表面押え部３２の範囲が小さすぎるため、可塑化したメタルがスムーズに押し込まれず、ピン孔を埋めることができず、メタル不足に起因した欠陥が接合部に発生しやすくなる。
【００１３】
【実施例】
アルミニウム材料として５０８３−Ｏ材を用い、肉厚０．８ｍｍの側壁間の内法幅ｗが２３．６ｍｍで、内法半径ｒ＝１１ｍｍの半円筒部を両側につけた断面長円形状の内部空間をもつ深さｄ＝１５０ｍｍの容器本体１０（図２）を深絞り加工により成形した。蓋体２０も同じ材料５０８３−Ｏ材を鍛造加工によって成形し、挿入部２１の高さｈを１０ｍｍに設定した。
回転ツール３０には、直径９．５ｍｍの円筒部の底面を半径１１．８ｍｍの曲面でえぐって表面押え部３２とし、直径２ｍｍ，突出長さ１．５ｍｍの攪拌ピン３１を表面押え部３２から突出させたものを使用した。
【００１４】
蓋体２０の挿入部２１を容器本体１０に差し込み、容器本体１０の側壁１１に蓋体２０の側壁２３を突き合わせた。側壁１１−２３の突合せ部に回転ツール３０の攪拌ピン３１を押し込み、進行速度Ｖad＝２００ｍｍ／分，回転速度Ｖrt＝８０００ｒｐｍで回転ツール３０を駆動させた。回転ツール３０は、シアー側に蓋体２０又は容器本体１０が位置する２方向に回転させた。シアー側に容器本体１０が位置する場合（図４ｂ）、接合部Ｗの内部に未接合部Ｗｆが残っており、接合部Ｗの幅も０．３ｍｍに過ぎず、気密性に劣る接合部Ｗであった。これに対し、シアー側に蓋体２０が位置する場合（図４ａ）、接合部Ｗの内部に未接合部Ｗf が検出されず、接合幅も２ｍｍと広くなった健全で気密性に優れた接合部Ｗが形成された。
シアー側に蓋体２０が位置する条件（図４ａ）下で、回転ツール３０の前進角θが接合の良否に及ぼす影響を調査した。表１の調査結果にみられるように、前進角θが３〜３０度の範囲にあるとき、未接合部Ｗf がなく平坦度の高い接合部Ｗが形成された。他方、前進角θが１度になるとトンネル状空洞部等の欠陥が接合部に発生し、前進角θが４０度では開口状等の欠陥が接合部に発生した。
【００１５】

Figure 0004300618
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明においては、厚肉材と薄肉材との摩擦攪拌接合に際し、シアー側に厚肉材がくるように回転ツールの回転方向を規制している。これにより、厚肉材側では摩擦熱によって可塑化したメタルの攪拌流動が促進され、接合に必要なメタル量を確保すると共に、薄肉材に肉不足を引き起こすことなく、健全で気密性に優れた接合部を形成している。接合された部材は、摩擦攪拌溶接本来の接合部形状特性が良好なことを活用し、矯正等の後加工が大幅に軽減され製品として使用される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 従来の摩擦攪拌溶接を説明するために接合界面方向（ａ）及び整合界面と直交する方向（ｂ）からみた接合部の断面
【図２】 本発明の攪拌摩擦接合が適用される電池ケースの容器本体及び蓋体の斜視図
【図３】 本発明に従った攪拌摩擦接合における接合部の断面図
【図４】 厚肉の蓋体がシアー側（ａ）及びフロー側（ｂ）にある場合の説明図
【図５】 回転ツールの前進角θを説明する図
【符号の説明】
１０：容器本体 １１：容器本体の側壁
２０：蓋体 ２１：挿入部 ２２：カバー部 ２３：側壁
３０：回転ツール ３１：攪拌ピン ３２：表面押え部
Ｄ：回転ツールの進行方向 Ｗ：接合部 Ｗf ：未接合部
θ：回転ツールの前進角 Ｌ1 ：曲面部の法線 Ｌ2 ：攪拌ピンの軸線[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for airtight joining of circumferential butted portions between members having different thicknesses by friction stir welding and a sealed container such as a battery case obtained thereby.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When manufacturing sealed containers made of aluminum materials such as aluminum and aluminum alloys, the lid body is integrated with the container body in a sealed state by fusion welding such as MIG welding. However, since a large amount of heat is applied to the material to be welded, Deformation tends to occur. In general, since the container body is thin and the lid is thick, the temperature that rises due to the welding heat due to the difference in heat capacity tends to be different between the container body and the lid. In this state, the lid body is joined to the container main body, and therefore the airtightness of the joint portion cannot be sufficiently secured due to deformation of the groove shape due to thermal deformation, poor penetration, and the like.
[0003]
Friction stir welding has attracted attention as a method that replaces fusion welding. In the friction stir welding, as shown in FIG. 1A, the rotary tool 2 is moved in a pressed state along the butt end surfaces of the pair of aluminum material plate materials 1a and 1b. The rotary tool 2 is made of a material having a hardness and a softening temperature higher than those of the plate materials 1a and 1b that are materials to be joined, and a stirring pin 2b protrudes in the axial direction from the lower end of the cylindrical tool 2a. The bottom surface of the cylindrical tool 2a is a surface pressing portion 2c that is recessed toward the center of the axis.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the rotary tool 2 is moved to the left while being slightly tilted and rotated with respect to the butted end surfaces of the plate materials 1a and 1b. The aluminum material in the vicinity of the butted end surfaces of the plate materials 1a and 1b is heated and plasticized by frictional heat generated by the rotational movement of the stirring pin 2b. As a result, the metal in the vicinity of the butt end face is fluidized and stirred in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction between the plate members 1a and 1b. The surface pressing portion 2c suppresses the vertical movement of the fluidized aluminum material to generate frictional heat, and stirs the fluidized aluminum material together with the stirring pin 2b. As a result, the joint portion 3 having a certain width and depth is formed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Unlike the raised bead formed by arc welding or the like, the joint portion 3 formed by friction stir welding has substantially the same surface as the surfaces of the plate materials 1a and 1b, so that post-processing is also easy. Moreover, since the amount of heat applied to the plate materials 1a and 1b is significantly less than that of fusion welding such as arc welding, thermal deformation that tends to occur during welding is also suppressed.
However, in the conventional friction stir welding, in most cases, the materials to be joined are arranged on one plane and the straight or curved butt portions are joined. In addition, if materials with different thicknesses such as the container body and lid of the battery case are friction stir welded, there will be a difference in the stirring flow of the metal between the thick and thin materials, so a sufficient stirring state can be obtained. There is a tendency that joints including defects such as unwelded parts are formed. In addition, the metal on the thin side plasticized by frictional heat may flow to the thick side, resulting in a lack of thickness on the thin side after joining. The lack of meat not only lowers the joint strength but also causes the airtightness to be impaired.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been devised to solve such a problem, and by regulating the rotation direction of the rotary tool in relation to the thickness of the material to be joined, the thick and thin walls are joined via the joining interface. An object is to uniformize the flow of the plasticized aluminum material over both materials to be joined and to form a highly airtight joint.
In order to achieve the object, the friction stir welding method of the present invention forms a stepped portion on the end face of the thick aluminum member, and a thin aluminum material is formed on the stepped portion in a direction perpendicular to the thick aluminum member. The abutting portion of the thick aluminum member and the thin aluminum material is formed by pressing so that the surface of the aluminum material and the tip surface of the end surface of the thick aluminum member are the same surface, and the stirring pin of the rotary tool is formed in the abutting portion. And rotate the rotary tool in the direction in which the thick aluminum material is positioned on the shear side where the rotational speed is added to the rotational speed of the rotary tool (for example, the left side of the welding progress direction when the tool rotation direction is clockwise). However, the rotating tool is advanced along the abutting portion while the stirring pin is pushed into the abutting portion.
[0007]
When airtightly bonding a lid to a container body such as a battery case, a step made of a thick aluminum aluminum member on the container body made of an aluminum material having an inner space with an oval cross section so that the dimensions of the container body side on the end surface are reduced. Insert the insertion part formed by the stepped part formed so that the dimension of the lid forming the part becomes small, but the side wall of the container body and the side wall of the lid body are abutted to form a butt section that goes around the container body Then, the stirring pin of the rotating tool is pushed into the abutting portion, and the agitating pin is pushed into the abutting portion while rotating the rotating tool in the direction in which the lid is positioned on the shear side where the rotational speed is added to the traveling speed of the rotating tool . The rotating tool is advanced along the abutting portion while remaining in the state .
The rotating tool has a forward angle θ defined by an angle between the normal line of the surface of the material to be bonded and the axis of the stirring pin in a state where the surface pressing portion is in contact with the surface of the material to be bonded. It is preferable to set to.
[0008]
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by taking as an example a case where a lid body is airtightly joined to a container body of a battery case, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a butt that circulates aluminum materials having different thicknesses. The same applies to the case of joining along the part.
The container body 10 of the battery case is made by deep drawing or handling of an aluminum material, and has a deep shape with a substantially oval cross section and a bottom plate integrally formed as shown in FIG. The thickness t 1 of the container body 10 is usually set in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm, although it depends on the size of the battery case, in order to facilitate deep drawing and reduce the weight of the battery case.
[0009]
The lid 20 that is airtightly joined to the container body 10 is made by forging an aluminum material or the like, and includes an insertion portion 21 that is inserted into an inner space having an oval cross section of the container body 10 below the cover portion 22. Yes. The cover part 22 has the same shape as the outer shape of the container body 10, and when the insertion part 21 is inserted into the container body 10, the side wall 11 of the container body 10 and the side wall 23 of the cover part 22 form a continuous surface. The lid 10 has a thickness of 3 to 15 mm at the thickest portion.
When the lid 20 is hermetically joined to the container main body 10, the insertion portion 21 is inserted into the container main body 10 as shown in FIG. 3, and the side wall 23 of the cover portion 22 is aligned with the side wall 11 of the container main body 10. When the agitating pin 31 of the rotating tool 30 is pushed into the abutting portion between the side wall 11 and the side wall 23 and the rotating tool 30 is rotated at a high speed, the metal of the side walls 11 and 23 in the vicinity of the joining interface is in contact with the agitating pin 31 and the surface pressing portion 32. Heated by friction, plasticized and fluidized.
[0010]
The joint W is formed between the side walls 11 and 23 due to the flow of the metal, but the rotational direction of the rotary tool 30 greatly affects the shape of the joint W, joint strength, airtightness, and the like.
On the side where the traveling speed V ad of the rotating tool 30 traveling in the traveling direction D is added to the rotational speed V rt of the rotating tool 30 (hereinafter referred to as the shear side, the opposite side is referred to as the flow side) When positioned (FIG. 4 a), first, frictional heat is generated between the rotary tool 30, the lid body 20, and the container body 10. The material of the lid body 20 is plasticized by the generated frictional heat, and moves above the stirring pin 31 by plastic flow caused by the insertion and rotation of the stirring pin 31. The moved material is washed away further by the rotation of the rotary tool 30 and is pushed by the rear end of the surface pressing portion 32 at the lowest point of the rotary tool 30. As a result, the butt portion is firmly joined without causing a shortage of meat near the joint portion of the container body 10.
[0011]
On the other hand, when the thick lid 20 is positioned on the flow side, the material of the container body 10 plasticized by frictional heat moves upward by the rotation of the stirring pin 31 and the rotary tool 30, but the rotation speed V rt The metal flow amount is reduced by the difference ΔV (= V rt −V ad ) between the traveling speed V ad and the traveling speed V ad . The moved material is swept away further by the rotation of the rotary tool 30 and is pushed in at the lowest point of the rotary tool 30. As a result, a shortage of meat occurs in the vicinity of the joint portion of the container body 10, and a joint with insufficient joint strength and poor airtightness is formed.
Further, since the rotary tool 30 is pressed against the abutting portion between the side walls 11 and 23 with the insertion portion 21 of the lid 20 inserted into the container body 10, the pressing force of the rotary tool 30 is applied in the plane direction of the lid 20. It is received by. As a result, even if the butt portion is not placed on the planar base, deformation of the container body 10 is prevented, and an airtight joint that circulates around the container body 10 is formed.
[0012]
At the time of friction stir welding, the advance angle θ of the rotary tool 30 is set in a range of 3 to 30 degrees in a state where the edge of the surface pressing portion 32 is in contact with the surfaces of the container body 10 and the lid 20 that are the materials to be joined. It is preferable. The advancing angle θ is defined as an angle between the normal line L 1 of the curved surface attached to the container body 10 and the lid 20 and the axis L 2 of the stirring pin 31 as shown in FIG. When the advancing angle θ is less than 3 degrees, the force acting in front of the surface presser 32 that presses the metal of the container body 10 and the lid 20 in front of the joint becomes too large, and the metal plasticized by frictional heat rotates. It is discharged to the outside of the tool 30, and defects are likely to occur at the joint. On the contrary, when the advance angle θ exceeds 30 degrees, the range of the surface pressing portion 32 that presses the metal of the container body 10 and the lid 20 at the rear of the joint portion is too small. The hole cannot be filled, and defects due to lack of metal tend to occur at the joint.
[0013]
【Example】
An internal space having an oval cross section in which a 5083-O material is used as the aluminum material, the inner width w between the side walls of 0.8 mm is 23.6 mm, and semicylindrical portions having an inner radius r = 11 mm are attached to both sides. A container body 10 (FIG. 2) having a depth d = 150 mm with a shape was formed by deep drawing. The lid 20 was also formed by forging the same material 5083-O, and the height h of the insertion portion 21 was set to 10 mm.
The rotary tool 30 has a bottom surface of a cylindrical portion having a diameter of 9.5 mm and a curved surface having a radius of 11.8 mm as a surface pressing portion 32, and a stirring pin 31 having a diameter of 2 mm and a protruding length of 1.5 mm is provided from the surface pressing portion 32. A protruding one was used.
[0014]
The insertion part 21 of the lid 20 was inserted into the container body 10, and the side wall 23 of the lid 20 was abutted against the side wall 11 of the container body 10. The stirring pin 31 of the rotary tool 30 was pushed into the butt portion of the side wall 11-23, and the rotary tool 30 was driven at a traveling speed V ad = 200 mm / min and a rotational speed V rt = 8000 rpm. The rotary tool 30 was rotated in two directions in which the lid 20 or the container body 10 was positioned on the shear side. When the container body 10 is positioned on the shear side (FIG. 4b), the unjoined portion Wf remains inside the joint portion W, the width of the joint portion W is only 0.3 mm, and the joint portion W is inferior in airtightness. Met. In contrast, if the lid 20 is positioned on the shear side (FIG. 4a), inside the unbonded portion W f of the joint W not been detected, an excellent sound and airtight bonding width became wide and 2mm A joint W was formed.
Under the condition (FIG. 4a) in which the lid 20 is positioned on the shear side, the influence of the advance angle θ of the rotary tool 30 on the quality of the joining was investigated. As seen in Table 1 findings, when the advancing angle θ is in the range of 3-30 degrees, unbonded portion W f is not high flatness joint W is formed. On the other hand, when the advance angle θ is 1 degree, defects such as tunnel-shaped cavities occur at the joint, and when the advance angle θ is 40 degrees, defects such as openings are generated at the joint.
[0015]
Figure 0004300618
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, the rotation direction of the rotary tool is regulated so that the thick material comes to the shear side during the friction stir welding of the thick material and the thin material. As a result, the stir flow of the metal plasticized by frictional heat is promoted on the thick material side, ensuring the amount of metal necessary for joining, and without causing a shortage of meat in the thin material, it is excellent in sound and airtightness. A junction is formed. The joined member is used as a product by making use of the fact that the shape characteristic of the joint part inherent to friction stir welding is good, and post-processing such as correction is greatly reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a joint as viewed from a joint interface direction (a) and a direction (b) orthogonal to a matching interface in order to explain conventional friction stir welding. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a container body and a lid of a battery case. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a joint portion in agitation friction welding according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a thick lid with a shear side (a) and a flow side (b). Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining the advance angle θ of the rotating tool.
10: Container body 11: Side wall 20 of container body: Lid 21: Insertion part 22: Cover part 23: Side wall 30: Rotating tool 31: Stirring pin 32: Surface pressing part D: Traveling direction of rotating tool W: Joint W f : Unjoined part θ: Advance angle of rotating tool L 1 : Normal line of curved surface part L 2 : Axis line of stirring pin

Claims (4)

厚肉アルミニウム部材の端面に段差部を形成し、当該段差部に薄肉アルミニウム材を前記厚肉アルミニウム部材と直交する方向に、当該薄肉アルミニウム材の表面と前記厚肉アルミニウム部材の端面の先端面とが同一面となるように押し当てて厚肉アルミニウム部材と薄肉アルミニウム材の突合せ部を形成し、当該突合せ部に回転ツールの攪拌ピンを押し込み、回転ツールの進行速度に回転速度が加算されるシアー側に厚肉アルミニウム材が位置する方向に回転ツールを回転させながら前記攪拌ピンを突合せ部に押込んだ状態のままで当該突合せ部に沿って回転ツールを進行させることを特徴とする摩擦攪拌接合方法。A stepped portion is formed on the end surface of the thick aluminum member, and a thin aluminum material is formed on the stepped portion in a direction perpendicular to the thick aluminum member, and the front surface of the end surface of the thick aluminum member Are pressed so that they are flush with each other to form a butted portion of a thick-walled aluminum member and a thin-walled aluminum material, and a stirring pin of a rotary tool is pushed into the butted portion, and the rotational speed is added to the traveling speed of the rotating tool Friction stir welding, wherein the rotating tool is advanced along the abutting portion while the agitating pin is pushed into the abutting portion while rotating the rotating tool in the direction in which the thick aluminum material is positioned on the side Method. 断面長円状の内部空間をもつアルミニウム材料製容器本体に、厚肉アルミニウ部材からなり端面に容器本体側の寸法が小さくなるような段差部を形成した蓋体の、寸法が小さくなるように形成された段差部で形成される挿入部を差し込み、容器本体の側壁と蓋体の側壁とを突き合わせて容器本体を周回する突合せ部を形成し、当該突合せ部に回転ツールの攪拌ピンを押し込み、回転ツールの進行速度に回転速度が加算されるシアー側に蓋体が位置する方向に回転ツールを回転させながら前記攪拌ピンを突合せ部に押込んだ状態のままで当該突合せ部に沿って回転ツールを進行させることを特徴とする摩擦攪拌接合方法。  Formed so that the size of the lid body is made of a thick aluminum aluminium member with a stepped portion on the end face that makes the container body side smaller in size on the container body made of aluminum material having an inner space with an oval cross section. The insertion portion formed by the stepped portion is inserted, the abutting portion that goes around the container body is formed by abutting the side wall of the container body and the side wall of the lid, and the stirring pin of the rotary tool is pushed into the abutting portion and rotated. The rotational speed is added to the traveling speed of the tool. While rotating the rotary tool in the direction in which the lid is positioned on the shear side, the rotating tool is moved along the abutting portion while the stirring pin is pushed into the abutting portion. A friction stir welding method characterized by proceeding. 回転ツールの表面押え部を被接合材表面に接触させた状態で被接合材表面の法線と攪拌ピンの軸線との間の角度を前進角θ＝３〜３０度の範囲に設定する請求項１又は２記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。  The angle between the normal line of the surface of the material to be bonded and the axis of the stirring pin is set in a range of advancing angle θ = 3 to 30 degrees with the surface pressing portion of the rotary tool in contact with the surface of the material to be bonded. The friction stir welding method according to 1 or 2. 断面長円状の内部空間をもつアルミニウム材料製の容器本体と、該内部空間に対応する断面形状の挿入部がカバー部から段差をつけて形成されたアルミニウム材料製の蓋体とを備え、容器本体に挿入部が差し込まれた状態でカバー部の側壁が容器本体の側壁に摩擦攪拌接合で気密接合されている密封容器。  A container body made of an aluminum material having an inner space having an oval cross section, and a lid made of an aluminum material in which an insertion portion having a cross section corresponding to the inner space is formed with a step from the cover portion; A sealed container in which the side wall of the cover part is airtightly joined to the side wall of the container body by friction stir welding in a state where the insertion part is inserted into the main body.
JP4984299A 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Friction stir welding method and sealed container obtained thereby Expired - Lifetime JP4300618B2 (en)

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US9073148B2 (en) 2010-12-16 2015-07-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Friction stir spot welding device and member support therefor
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