JP4299264B2 - Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel with good castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and exhaust system parts made of it - Google Patents
Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel with good castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and exhaust system parts made of it Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、９００℃以上の高温で使用される自動車等用エンジンの排気系部品等に好適に用いられる、安価で鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼及びそれからなる排気系部品に関する。 The present invention is an inexpensive austenitic heat-resistant cast steel having good castability, high-temperature strength and good oxidation resistance, and exhaust gas comprising the same, which is suitably used for exhaust system parts of engines for automobiles and the like used at a high temperature of 900 ° C. or higher. Related to system parts.
自動車等のエンジン用の排気系部品として、例えば、エグゾーストマニホールドやタービンハウジングがあるが、エンジンの高性能化に伴い、より高温で使用されるため、従来使用されていたオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鉄やフェライト系耐熱鋳鋼では対応ができなくなってきている。
オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼として、特許文献１、特許文献２には、Ｆｅ−Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ系耐熱鋳鋼にＮｂ、Ｗ、Ｎ、Ｓを添加し、高温強度、鋳造性、加工性に優れた自動車エンジン用排気系部品等を提供する開示がある。
Exhaust system parts for engines such as automobiles include, for example, exhaust manifolds and turbine housings. However, because they are used at higher temperatures as engine performance increases, conventionally used austenitic heat-resistant cast iron and ferrite systems are used. With heat-resistant cast steel, it is no longer possible to cope with it.
As an austenitic heat-resistant cast steel, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 add Nb, W, N, and S to an Fe-Ni-Cr heat-resistant cast steel and are excellent in high-temperature strength, castability, and workability. There is disclosure that provides exhaust system components and the like.
このため、オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鉄やフェライト系耐熱鋳鋼に代えて、ＪＩＳ規格のＳＣＨ１２やＳＣＨ２１のようなオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼が使用されるが、ＳＣＨ１２では、高温強度、耐酸化性が不足し、ＳＣＨ２１では、高温強度、耐酸化性については問題ないが、ＳＣＨ１２に比較して、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ含量が多く高価である。
また、上記特許文献１、特許文献２には、Ｎｂ含量を０．５〜６．０％としているが、０．８％を超えてＮｂを添加すると耐酸化性が低下するので、上記のＮｂ含量範囲では、耐酸化性が要求される自動車エンジン用排気系部品には不可である。
したがって、本発明は、上記従来の耐熱鋳鉄、耐熱鋳鋼の問題点を解決し、ＳＣＨ２１と同程度かそれ以上の高温強度と耐酸化性を確保しつつ、安価で、鋳造性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼及びそれからなる排気系部品を提供するものである。
For this reason, in place of austenitic heat-resistant cast iron or ferritic heat-resistant cast steel, austenitic heat-resistant cast steel such as JIS standard SCH12 or SCH21 is used. Although there is no problem with regard to the high temperature strength and oxidation resistance, the Ni and Cr contents are large and expensive compared to SCH12.
In Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the Nb content is set to 0.5 to 6.0%. However, if Nb is added in excess of 0.8%, the oxidation resistance is lowered. In the content range, it is not possible for an exhaust system part for an automobile engine that requires oxidation resistance.
Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the above-mentioned conventional heat-resistant cast iron and heat-resistant cast steel, secures high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance comparable to or higher than SCH21, and is inexpensive and has good castability. The present invention provides a heat-resistant cast steel and an exhaust system component comprising the same.
本発明は、ＳＣＨ１２を基本成分とする合金系に、Ａｌ、Ｚｒ、Ｂ、Ｎを適当な量で添加することにより、安価でありながら、鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼を得る。 The present invention is an austenite system that is inexpensive but has good castability, high-temperature strength, and oxidation resistance by adding appropriate amounts of Al, Zr, B, and N to an alloy system containing SCH12 as a basic component. Get heat-resistant cast steel.
本発明の第一のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼は、質量％で、Ｃ：０．２〜０．５％、Ｓｉ：１．０〜２．０％、Ｍｎ：０．２〜２．０％、Ｎｉ：８．０〜１２．０％、Ｃｒ：１８．０〜２３．０％、Ｎ：０．０２〜０．０８％、Ａｌ：０．６〜１．０％、Ｚｒ：０．０２〜０．１０％、Ｂ：０．００１〜０．０５％、残部Ｆｅ及び不可避不純物からなることを特徴とする。 The first austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention is in mass%, C: 0.2 to 0.5%, Si: 1.0 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.2 to 2.0%, Ni : 8.0-12.0%, Cr: 18.0-23.0%, N: 0.02-0.08%, Al: 0.6-1.0%, Zr: 0.02-0 10%, B: 0.001 to 0.05%, balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
そして、さらに本発明の第二は、上記オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼からなる排気系部品である。 The second aspect of the present invention is an exhaust system part made of the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel.
以下に本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼の組成範囲の限定理由について詳細に説明する。
Ｃ：０．２０〜０．５０％
Ｃは、溶湯の流動性すなわち鋳造性を良くし、また、固溶強化と共に、Ｎｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｎの共存下において、炭化物あるいは炭窒化物を形成し、高温強度やクリープ破断強度を高める作用がある。このような効果を得るためには、０．２０％以上を必要とする。一方、Ｃの含有量が０．５０％を超えると、二次炭化物が過剰に析出して靭性が低下することと、被削性が悪くなるので、０．５％以下とする。
The reason for limiting the composition range of the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention will be described in detail below.
C: 0.20 to 0.50%
C improves the fluidity of the molten metal, that is, the castability. In addition to solid solution strengthening, C forms carbides or carbonitrides in the presence of Nb, Cr, and N, and has the effect of increasing high temperature strength and creep rupture strength. is there. In order to obtain such an effect, 0.20% or more is required. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.50%, secondary carbides are excessively precipitated and the toughness is lowered and the machinability is deteriorated, so the content is made 0.5% or less.
Ｓｉ：１．０〜２．０％
Ｓｉは脱酸剤として働き、耐酸化性の改善に有効な元素である。また、溶湯の流動性すなわち鋳造性を良くする。以上の効果を得るためには、少なくとも１．０％以上を必要とする。しかし、２．０％を超えて添加すると、オーステナイト組織が不安定となり、高温強度が低下するので２．０％以下とする。
Si: 1.0-2.0%
Si acts as a deoxidizer and is an effective element for improving oxidation resistance. Further, the fluidity of the molten metal, that is, the castability is improved. In order to obtain the above effects, at least 1.0% or more is required. However, if added over 2.0%, the austenite structure becomes unstable and the high-temperature strength decreases, so the content is made 2.0% or less.
Ｍｎ：０．２〜２．０％
Ｍｎは脱酸剤として働く他、ＳをＭｎＳとして固定し、無害化する働きがあるが、０．２％未満ではこのような効果は期待できず、２．０％を超えて加えると耐酸化性が低下するので、２．０％以下とする。
Mn: 0.2 to 2.0%
In addition to acting as a deoxidizer, Mn works to fix S as MnS and detoxify it. However, if it is less than 0.2%, such an effect cannot be expected. Therefore, the content is made 2.0% or less.
Ｎｉ：８．０〜１２．０％
Ｎｉはオーステナイト組織を安定化し、９００℃以上の温度域で良好な高温強度と耐酸化性を保持するためには、少なくとも８．０％以上は必要である。Ｎｉは高価な元素であり、安価にするために１２．０％以下にし、高温強度の不足分は、本発明の他の添加元素で補う。
Ni: 8.0 to 12.0%
Ni needs to be at least 8.0% or more to stabilize the austenite structure and maintain good high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance in the temperature range of 900 ° C. or higher. Ni is an expensive element, and is made 12.0% or less in order to reduce the cost, and the lack of high-temperature strength is supplemented with other additive elements of the present invention.
Ｃｒ：１８．０〜２３．０％
ＣｒはＮｉとの共存下において、オーステナイト組織を形成し、高温強度と耐酸化性を確保するのに有効であるが、１８．０％未満ではこの効果が少なく、２３．０％を超えるとシグマ相脆化による割れが懸念されるので、成分範囲は１８．０〜２３．０％とする。
Cr: 18.0 to 23.0%
Cr forms an austenite structure in the presence of Ni, and is effective in securing high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. However, this effect is small at less than 18.0%, and sigma at over 23.0%. Since there is concern about cracking due to phase embrittlement, the component range is set to 18.0 to 23.0%.
Ｎ：０．０２〜０．０８％
Ｎは強力なオーステナイト生成元素であり、間接的にシグマ相脆化を抑制したり、結晶粒の微細化や高温強度を上昇させる働きがあるが、０．０２％未満ではこのような効果は期待できず、０．０８％を超えて含有させると、多量の窒化物を形成し、脆化を促進させると共に、耐酸化性が低下するので０．０８％以下とする。
N: 0.02 to 0.08%
N is a strong austenite-generating element, which indirectly suppresses sigma phase embrittlement and works to refine crystal grains and increase high-temperature strength, but such effects are expected at less than 0.02%. However, if the content exceeds 0.08%, a large amount of nitride is formed, embrittlement is promoted, and oxidation resistance is lowered, so the content is made 0.08% or less.
Ａｌ：０．６〜１．０％
Ａｌは高温における耐酸化性を改善する元素であり、少なくとも０．６％以上を必要とする。しかし、１．０％を超えて添加すると介在物が増えるのと、溶湯表面にアルミナの酸化被膜が発生して湯流れが悪くなり、鋳造性が低下する。
Al: 0.6 to 1.0%
Al is an element that improves oxidation resistance at high temperatures, and requires at least 0.6% or more. However, if more than 1.0% is added, inclusions increase, an oxide film of alumina is generated on the surface of the molten metal, the molten metal flow is deteriorated, and castability is lowered.
Ｚｒ：０．０２〜０．１％
Ｚｒはクリープ破断強度、延性、耐酸化性を向上させるが、０．０２％未満ではその効果を発揮することができない。また、０．１％を超えて添加すると、介在物が増え、靭性と延性が低下する。
Zr: 0.02 to 0.1%
Zr improves creep rupture strength, ductility, and oxidation resistance, but if it is less than 0.02%, its effects cannot be exhibited. Moreover, when it adds exceeding 0.1%, an inclusion will increase and toughness and ductility will fall.
Ｂ：０．００１〜０．０５％
Ｂは高温強度、特に高温靭性の改善に効果的な元素であり、粒界における炭化物の析出を抑制し、析出物を微細かつ安定化する効果がある。かかる効果を発揮するためには、少なくとも０．００１％以上を必要とする。しかし、Ｂを多量に添加するとボライドが現れ、靭性が低下するので、０．０５％以下とする。
B: 0.001 to 0.05%
B is an element effective for improving high-temperature strength, particularly high-temperature toughness, and has the effect of suppressing the precipitation of carbides at grain boundaries and making the precipitate fine and stable. In order to exhibit such an effect, at least 0.001% or more is required. However, when a large amount of B is added, boride appears and the toughness decreases, so the content is made 0.05% or less.
本発明では、このような組成限定を有するオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼を用いて、安価で鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好な排気系部品を提供する。 In the present invention, an austenitic heat-resistant cast steel having such a composition limitation is used to provide an exhaust system component that is inexpensive and has good castability, high-temperature strength, and oxidation resistance.
以上説明したとおり、本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼は鋳造性に優れ、高温強度、耐酸化性とも良好であり、溶解費についてコスト比較を行うと、ＪＩＳ規格ＳＣＨ２１に対し、２４〜３１％のコストダウンが可能で、非常に安価に製造できる。
このような本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼は、エグゾーストマニホールドやタービンハウジング等の自動車等エンジン用排気系部品に好適である。
As described above, the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention is excellent in castability, good in high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and costs are compared with respect to JIS standard SCH21. It can be down and manufactured at a very low cost.
Such austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention is suitable for engine exhaust system parts such as an exhaust manifold and a turbine housing.
本発明に係る、９００℃以上で使用される自動車エンジン用排気系部品等に適し、安価で鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼の実施例を説明する。
表１に示す化学成分の発明鋼と比較鋼を、２２．５ｋｇ用高周波炉で大気溶解し、砂鋳型に鋳込み、供試材［ＪＩＳ−Ｇ０３０７、図（ａ）］を採取した。なお、この時の出湯温度は、１５５０℃で５秒以内で鋳込みを完了した。
Examples of austenitic heat-resistant cast steel suitable for automobile engine exhaust system parts used at 900 ° C. or higher according to the present invention, which are inexpensive, have good castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance will be described.
Inventive steels and comparative steels having chemical components shown in Table 1 were melted in the air in a 22.5 kg high-frequency furnace, cast into sand molds, and specimens [JIS-G0307, Fig. (A)] were collected. At this time, pouring temperature was 1550 ° C. and casting was completed within 5 seconds.
供試材の所定位置から、引張試験用と酸化損耗試験用の素材を切出し、試験を実施した。引張試験片は、ＪＩＳ−Ｇ０５６７、II−６型試験片を用いた。８００℃と１０００℃の引張試験結果を表２に示す。 From the predetermined position of the test material, materials for tensile test and oxidation wear test were cut out and tested. As the tensile test piece, a JIS-G0567, II-6 type test piece was used. Table 2 shows the tensile test results at 800 ° C and 1000 ° C.
酸化損耗試験は、直径１０ｍｍ、長さ２０ｍｍの丸棒試験片を作製し、大気中で１０５０℃に保持した熱処理炉中に試験片を挿入し、５０時間と２００時間保持後、取出し空冷し、試験前後の酸化損耗量を測定した。表３に酸化損耗量試験の結果を示す。 In the oxidation wear test, a round bar test piece having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 20 mm was prepared, the test piece was inserted into a heat treatment furnace maintained at 1050 ° C. in the atmosphere, held for 50 hours and 200 hours, taken out and air-cooled, The amount of oxidation wear before and after the test was measured. Table 3 shows the results of the oxidation wear test.
ＳＣＨ１２の基本成分に、Ａｌ、Ｚｒ、Ｖを添加した発明鋼Ｎｏ．１〜６は比較鋼Ｎｏ．８（ＪＩＳ規格ＳＣＨ１２）と比較して、８００℃、１０００℃における高温強度、１０５０℃における耐酸化性、いずれについても遥かに優れており、比較鋼Ｎｏ．９（ＪＩＳ規格ＳＣＨ２１）と比べても同等か、それ以上の性能を有することが判った。 Invention steel No. 1 in which Al, Zr and V are added to the basic components of SCH12. Nos. 1 to 6 are comparative steel Nos. Compared with No. 8 (JIS standard SCH12), both the high temperature strength at 800 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and the oxidation resistance at 1050 ° C. are far superior. Compared to 9 (JIS standard SCH21), it was found to have the same or better performance.
発明鋼Ｎｏ．１〜６はＶを含まない比較鋼Ｎｏ．７と比べると、高温強度が改善され、耐酸化性も良好である。 Invention Steel No. Nos. 1 to 6 are comparative steels No. Compared with 7, the high-temperature strength is improved and the oxidation resistance is also good.
ＳＣＨ１２の基本成分に、Ａｌ、Ｚｒ、Ｂ、Ｎを添加した発明鋼Ｎｏ．１３〜１８は、比較鋼Ｎｏ．２３（ＪＩＳ規格ＳＣＨ１２）と比較して、８００℃、１０００℃における高温強度、１０５０℃における耐酸化性、いずれについても遥かに優れており、比較鋼Ｎｏ．２７（ＪＩＳ規格ＳＣＨ２１）と比べても同等かそれ以上の性能を有することが判った。 Invention steel No. 1 in which Al, Zr, B and N are added to the basic components of SCH12. Nos. 13 to 18 are comparative steel Nos. Compared with No. 23 (JIS standard SCH12), both the high temperature strength at 800 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and the oxidation resistance at 1050 ° C. are far superior. It was found that the performance was equivalent to or better than 27 (JIS standard SCH21).
比較鋼Ｎｏ．７は、発明鋼Ｎｏ．１〜６のＮｉ、Ｃｒ含量をそれぞれ７％、１７％に抑えた鋼種であるが、発明鋼Ｎｏ．１〜６に比較して耐酸化性がかなり低下している。
したがって、本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼のＮｉ、Ｃｒ含量はそれぞれ８％、１８％以上であることが望ましい。
以上の発明鋼Ｎｏ．１〜６を用い、肉厚が２．５〜３．５ｍｍの自動車エンジン用のタービンハウジングを鋳造した結果、内外部性状はいずれも健全であった。
Comparative steel No. 7 is an invention steel No. 7. The steel grades in which the Ni and Cr contents of 1 to 6 are suppressed to 7% and 17%, respectively. Compared with 1-6, the oxidation resistance is considerably lowered.
Accordingly, the Ni and Cr contents of the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention are desirably 8% and 18% or more, respectively.
The above invention steel No. As a result of casting a turbine housing for an automobile engine having a wall thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 mm using Nos. 1 to 6, the internal and external properties were sound.
Claims (2)
An exhaust system part made of an austenitic heat-resistant cast steel having good castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance according to claim 1.
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| US10316694B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2019-06-11 | Garrett Transportation I Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
| US9534281B2 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-01-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
| US9896752B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2018-02-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
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