JP2005281869A - Inexpensive austenitic heat resistant cast steel having satisfactory castability, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and exhaust system component obtained by using the same - Google Patents
Inexpensive austenitic heat resistant cast steel having satisfactory castability, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and exhaust system component obtained by using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、900℃以上の高温で使用される自動車等用エンジンの排気系部品等に好適に用いられる、安価で鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼及びそれからなる排気系部品に関する。 The present invention is an inexpensive austenitic heat-resistant cast steel having excellent castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and an exhaust comprising the same, suitably used for exhaust system parts of engines for automobiles and the like used at a high temperature of 900 ° C. or higher. Related to system parts.
自動車等のエンジン用の排気系部品として、例えば、エグゾーストマニホールドやタービンハウジングがあるが、エンジンの高性能化に伴い、より高温で使用されるため、従来使用されていたオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鉄やフェライト系耐熱鋳鋼では対応ができなくなってきている。
オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼として、特許文献1、特許文献2には、Fe−Ni−Cr系耐熱鋳鋼にNb、W、N、Sを添加し、高温強度、鋳造性、加工性に優れた自動車エンジン用排気系部品等を提供する開示がある。
Exhaust system parts for engines such as automobiles include, for example, exhaust manifolds and turbine housings, but they are used at higher temperatures as engine performance increases, so conventionally used austenitic heat-resistant cast iron and ferrite systems With heat-resistant cast steel, it is no longer possible to cope with it.
As an austenitic heat-resistant cast steel, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 add Nb, W, N, and S to an Fe-Ni-Cr heat-resistant cast steel, and are excellent in high-temperature strength, castability, and workability. There is disclosure that provides exhaust system components and the like.
このため、オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鉄やフェライト系耐熱鋳鋼に代えて、JIS規格のSCH12やSCH21のようなオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼が使用されるが、SCH12では、高温強度、耐酸化性が不足し、SCH21では、高温強度、耐酸化性については問題ないが、SCH12に比較して、Ni、Cr含量が多く高価である。
また、上記特許文献1、特許文献2には、Nb含量を0.5〜6.0%としているが、0.8%を超えてNbを添加すると耐酸化性が低下するので、上記のNb含量範囲では、耐酸化性が要求される自動車エンジン用排気系部品には不可である。
したがって、本発明は、上記従来の耐熱鋳鉄、耐熱鋳鋼の問題点を解決し、SCH21と同程度かそれ以上の高温強度と耐酸化性を確保しつつ、安価で、鋳造性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼及びそれからなる排気系部品を提供するものである。
For this reason, in place of austenitic heat-resistant cast iron or ferritic heat-resistant cast steel, austenitic heat-resistant cast steel such as JIS standard SCH12 or SCH21 is used. Although there is no problem with regard to the high temperature strength and oxidation resistance, the Ni and Cr contents are large and expensive compared to SCH12.
Further, in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the Nb content is set to 0.5 to 6.0%. However, if Nb is added in excess of 0.8%, the oxidation resistance is lowered. In the content range, it is not possible for an exhaust system part for an automobile engine that requires oxidation resistance.
Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the above-mentioned conventional heat-resistant cast iron and heat-resistant cast steel, secures high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance comparable to or higher than SCH21, and is inexpensive and has good castability. The present invention provides a heat-resistant cast steel and an exhaust system component comprising the same.
本発明は、SCH12を基本成分とする合金系に、Al、Zr、B、Nを適当な量で添加することにより、安価でありながら、鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼を得る。 The present invention is an austenite system that is inexpensive but has good castability, high-temperature strength, and oxidation resistance by adding appropriate amounts of Al, Zr, B, and N to an alloy system containing SCH12 as a basic component. Get heat-resistant cast steel.
本発明の第一のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼は、質量%で、C:0.2〜0.5%、Si:1.0〜2.0%、Mn:0.2〜2.0%、Ni:8.0〜12.0%、Cr:18.0〜23.0%、N:0.02〜0.08%、Al:0.6〜1.0%、Zr:0.02〜0.10%、B:0.001〜0.05%、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなることを特徴とする。 The first austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention is in mass%, C: 0.2 to 0.5%, Si: 1.0 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.2 to 2.0%, Ni : 8.0-12.0%, Cr: 18.0-23.0%, N: 0.02-0.08%, Al: 0.6-1.0%, Zr: 0.02-0 10%, B: 0.001 to 0.05%, balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
そして、さらに本発明の第二は、上記オーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼からなる排気系部品である。 The second aspect of the present invention is an exhaust system component made of the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel.
以下に本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼の組成範囲の限定理由について詳細に説明する。
C:0.20〜0.50%
Cは、溶湯の流動性すなわち鋳造性を良くし、また、固溶強化と共に、Nb、Cr、Nの共存下において、炭化物あるいは炭窒化物を形成し、高温強度やクリープ破断強度を高める作用がある。このような効果を得るためには、0.20%以上を必要とする。一方、Cの含有量が0.50%を超えると、二次炭化物が過剰に析出して靭性が低下することと、被削性が悪くなるので、0.5%以下とする。
The reason for limiting the composition range of the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention will be described in detail below.
C: 0.20 to 0.50%
C improves the fluidity of the molten metal, that is, the castability. In addition to solid solution strengthening, C forms carbides or carbonitrides in the presence of Nb, Cr, and N, and has the effect of increasing high temperature strength and creep rupture strength. is there. In order to obtain such an effect, 0.20% or more is required. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.50%, secondary carbides are excessively precipitated and the toughness is lowered, and the machinability is deteriorated.
Si:1.0〜2.0%
Siは脱酸剤として働き、耐酸化性の改善に有効な元素である。また、溶湯の流動性すなわち鋳造性を良くする。以上の効果を得るためには、少なくとも1.0%以上を必要とする。しかし、2.0%を超えて添加すると、オーステナイト組織が不安定となり、高温強度が低下するので2.0%以下とする。
Si: 1.0-2.0%
Si acts as a deoxidizer and is an effective element for improving oxidation resistance. Further, the fluidity of the molten metal, that is, the castability is improved. In order to obtain the above effects, at least 1.0% or more is required. However, if added over 2.0%, the austenite structure becomes unstable and the high-temperature strength decreases, so the content is made 2.0% or less.
Mn:0.2〜2.0%
Mnは脱酸剤として働く他、SをMnSとして固定し、無害化する働きがあるが、0.2%未満ではこのような効果は期待できず、2.0%を超えて加えると耐酸化性が低下するので、2.0%以下とする。
Mn: 0.2 to 2.0%
In addition to acting as a deoxidizer, Mn fixes S as MnS and detoxifies it. However, if it is less than 0.2%, such an effect cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 2.0%, it is resistant to oxidation. Therefore, the content is made 2.0% or less.
Ni:8.0〜12.0%
Niはオーステナイト組織を安定化し、900℃以上の温度域で良好な高温強度と耐酸化性を保持するためには、少なくとも8.0%以上は必要である。Niは高価な元素であり、安価にするために12.0%以下にし、高温強度の不足分は、本発明の他の添加元素で補う。
Ni: 8.0 to 12.0%
Ni needs to be at least 8.0% or more to stabilize the austenite structure and maintain good high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance in the temperature range of 900 ° C. or higher. Ni is an expensive element, and is made 12.0% or less in order to reduce the cost, and the lack of high-temperature strength is supplemented with other additive elements of the present invention.
Cr:18.0〜23.0%
CrはNiとの共存下において、オーステナイト組織を形成し、高温強度と耐酸化性を確保するのに有効であるが、18.0%未満ではこの効果が少なく、23.0%を超えるとシグマ相脆化による割れが懸念されるので、成分範囲は18.0〜23.0%とする。
Cr: 18.0 to 23.0%
Cr forms an austenite structure in the presence of Ni and is effective in securing high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. However, if it is less than 18.0%, this effect is small, and if it exceeds 23.0%, sigma Since there is concern about cracking due to phase embrittlement, the component range is set to 18.0 to 23.0%.
N:0.02〜0.08%
Nは強力なオーステナイト生成元素であり、間接的にシグマ相脆化を抑制したり、結晶粒の微細化や高温強度を上昇させる働きがあるが、0.02%未満ではこのような効果は期待できず、0.08%を超えて含有させると、多量の窒化物を形成し、脆化を促進させると共に、耐酸化性が低下するので0.08%以下とする。
N: 0.02 to 0.08%
N is a strong austenite-forming element, which indirectly suppresses sigma phase embrittlement and works to refine crystal grains and increase high-temperature strength, but such an effect is expected at less than 0.02%. However, if the content exceeds 0.08%, a large amount of nitride is formed, embrittlement is promoted, and oxidation resistance is lowered, so the content is made 0.08% or less.
Al:0.6〜1.0%
Alは高温における耐酸化性を改善する元素であり、少なくとも0.6%以上を必要とする。しかし、1.0%を超えて添加すると介在物が増えるのと、溶湯表面にアルミナの酸化被膜が発生して湯流れが悪くなり、鋳造性が低下する。
Al: 0.6 to 1.0%
Al is an element that improves oxidation resistance at high temperatures, and requires at least 0.6% or more. However, if more than 1.0% is added, inclusions increase, an oxide film of alumina is generated on the surface of the molten metal, the molten metal flow is deteriorated, and castability is lowered.
Zr:0.02〜0.1%
Zrはクリープ破断強度、延性、耐酸化性を向上させるが、0.02%未満ではその効果を発揮することができない。また、0.1%を超えて添加すると、介在物が増え、靭性と延性が低下する。
Zr: 0.02 to 0.1%
Zr improves creep rupture strength, ductility, and oxidation resistance, but if it is less than 0.02%, its effect cannot be exhibited. Moreover, when it adds exceeding 0.1%, inclusion will increase and toughness and ductility will fall.
B:0.001〜0.05%
Bは高温強度、特に高温靭性の改善に効果的な元素であり、粒界における炭化物の析出を抑制し、析出物を微細かつ安定化する効果がある。かかる効果を発揮するためには、少なくとも0.001%以上を必要とする。しかし、Bを多量に添加するとボライドが現れ、靭性が低下するので、0.05%以下とする。
B: 0.001 to 0.05%
B is an element effective for improving high-temperature strength, particularly high-temperature toughness, and has the effect of suppressing the precipitation of carbides at grain boundaries and making the precipitate fine and stable. In order to exhibit such an effect, at least 0.001% or more is required. However, when a large amount of B is added, boride appears and the toughness decreases, so the content is made 0.05% or less.
本発明では、このような組成限定を有するオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼を用いて、安価で鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好な排気系部品を提供する。 In the present invention, an austenitic heat-resistant cast steel having such a composition limitation is used to provide an exhaust system component that is inexpensive and has good castability, high-temperature strength, and oxidation resistance.
以上説明したとおり、本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼は鋳造性に優れ、高温強度、耐酸化性とも良好であり、溶解費についてコスト比較を行うと、JIS規格SCH21に対し、24〜31%のコストダウンが可能で、非常に安価に製造できる。
このような本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼は、エグゾーストマニホールドやタービンハウジング等の自動車等エンジン用排気系部品に好適である。
As described above, the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention is excellent in castability, good in high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, and costs are compared with respect to JIS standard SCH21. It can be down and can be manufactured at a very low cost.
Such austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention is suitable for engine exhaust system parts such as an exhaust manifold and a turbine housing.
本発明に係る、900℃以上で使用される自動車エンジン用排気系部品等に適し、安価で鋳造性と高温強度、耐酸化性の良好なオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼の実施例を説明する。
表1に示す化学成分の発明鋼と比較鋼を、22.5kg用高周波炉で大気溶解し、砂鋳型に鋳込み、供試材[JIS−G0307、図(a)]を採取した。なお、この時の出湯温度は、1550℃で5秒以内で鋳込みを完了した。
Examples of austenitic heat-resistant cast steel suitable for automobile engine exhaust system parts and the like used at 900 ° C. or higher according to the present invention, inexpensive, castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance will be described.
Inventive steels and comparative steels having chemical components shown in Table 1 were melted in the air in a 22.5 kg high-frequency furnace, cast into sand molds, and specimens [JIS-G0307, Fig. (A)] were collected. At this time, pouring temperature was 1550 ° C. and casting was completed within 5 seconds.
供試材の所定位置から、引張試験用と酸化損耗試験用の素材を切出し、試験を実施した。引張試験片は、JIS−G0567、II−6型試験片を用いた。800℃と1000℃の引張試験結果を表2に示す。 From the predetermined position of the test material, materials for tensile test and oxidation wear test were cut out and tested. As the tensile test piece, a JIS-G0567, II-6 type test piece was used. Table 2 shows the tensile test results at 800 ° C and 1000 ° C.
酸化損耗試験は、直径10mm、長さ20mmの丸棒試験片を作製し、大気中で1050℃に保持した熱処理炉中に試験片を挿入し、50時間と200時間保持後、取出し空冷し、試験前後の酸化損耗量を測定した。表3に酸化損耗量試験の結果を示す。 In the oxidation wear test, a round bar test piece having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 20 mm was prepared, the test piece was inserted into a heat treatment furnace maintained at 1050 ° C. in the atmosphere, held for 50 hours and 200 hours, taken out and air-cooled, The amount of oxidation wear before and after the test was measured. Table 3 shows the results of the oxidation wear test.
SCH12の基本成分に、Al、Zr、Vを添加した発明鋼No.1〜6は比較鋼No.8(JIS規格SCH12)と比較して、800℃、1000℃における高温強度、1050℃における耐酸化性、いずれについても遥かに優れており、比較鋼No.9(JIS規格SCH21)と比べても同等か、それ以上の性能を有することが判った。 Invention steel No. 1 in which Al, Zr and V are added to the basic components of SCH12 Nos. 1 to 6 are comparative steel Nos. Compared with No. 8 (JIS standard SCH12), both the high temperature strength at 800 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and the oxidation resistance at 1050 ° C. are far superior. 9 (JIS standard SCH21) was found to have the same or better performance.
発明鋼No.1〜6はVを含まない比較鋼No.7と比べると、高温強度が改善され、耐酸化性も良好である。 Invention Steel No. Nos. 1 to 6 are comparative steels No. Compared with 7, the high-temperature strength is improved and the oxidation resistance is also good.
SCH12の基本成分に、Al、Zr、B、Nを添加した発明鋼No.13〜18は、比較鋼No.23(JIS規格SCH12)と比較して、800℃、1000℃における高温強度、1050℃における耐酸化性、いずれについても遥かに優れており、比較鋼No.27(JIS規格SCH21)と比べても同等かそれ以上の性能を有することが判った。 Invention steel No. 1 in which Al, Zr, B and N are added to the basic components of SCH12. Nos. 13 to 18 are comparative steel Nos. Compared with No. 23 (JIS standard SCH12), both the high temperature strength at 800 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and the oxidation resistance at 1050 ° C. are far superior. It was found that the performance was equal to or better than 27 (JIS standard SCH21).
比較鋼No.7は、発明鋼No.1〜6のNi、Cr含量をそれぞれ7%、17%に抑えた鋼種であるが、発明鋼No.1〜6に比較して耐酸化性がかなり低下している。
したがって、本発明のオーステナイト系耐熱鋳鋼のNi、Cr含量はそれぞれ8%、18%以上であることが望ましい。
以上の発明鋼No.1〜6を用い、肉厚が2.5〜3.5mmの自動車エンジン用のタービンハウジングを鋳造した結果、内外部性状はいずれも健全であった。
Comparative steel No. 7 is an invention steel No. 7. The steel grades in which the Ni and Cr contents of 1 to 6 are suppressed to 7% and 17%, respectively. Compared to 1-6, the oxidation resistance is considerably reduced.
Accordingly, the Ni and Cr contents of the austenitic heat-resistant cast steel of the present invention are desirably 8% and 18% or more, respectively.
The above invention steel No. As a result of casting a turbine housing for an automobile engine having a wall thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 mm using 1 to 6, the inside and outside properties were sound.
Claims (2)
An exhaust system part made of austenitic heat-resistant cast steel having good castability, high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance according to claim 1.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011124970A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel |
EP2980254A1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stainless steel alloy, turbocharger turbine housing formed from the stainless steel alloy, and methods for manufacturing the same |
US9896752B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2018-02-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
US10316694B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2019-06-11 | Garrett Transportation I Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011124970A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel |
US9163303B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2015-10-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel |
EP2980254A1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stainless steel alloy, turbocharger turbine housing formed from the stainless steel alloy, and methods for manufacturing the same |
CN105316598A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-10 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Stainless steel alloy, turbocharger turbine housing formed from the stainless steel alloy, and methods for manufacturing the same |
US9534281B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2017-01-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
US9896752B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2018-02-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
US10316694B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2019-06-11 | Garrett Transportation I Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger turbine housings formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
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