JP4290081B2 - Exhaust purification equipment - Google Patents

Exhaust purification equipment Download PDF

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JP4290081B2
JP4290081B2 JP2004196473A JP2004196473A JP4290081B2 JP 4290081 B2 JP4290081 B2 JP 4290081B2 JP 2004196473 A JP2004196473 A JP 2004196473A JP 2004196473 A JP2004196473 A JP 2004196473A JP 4290081 B2 JP4290081 B2 JP 4290081B2
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reducing agent
engine
temperature
electric heater
exhaust
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JP2006017043A (en
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公信 平田
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UD Trucks Corp
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UD Trucks Corp
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Priority to JP2004196473A priority Critical patent/JP4290081B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2005/011776 priority patent/WO2006003868A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Description

本発明は、液体還元剤を用いて排気中の窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）を還元浄化する排気浄化装置において、還元剤成分の析出を防止しつつ、その有効利用を図る技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a technology for effectively using a liquid reducing agent in an exhaust gas purification apparatus that reduces and purifies nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gas while preventing the precipitation of the reducing agent component.

エンジン排気に含まれるＮＯｘを除去する触媒浄化システムとして、特開２０００−２７６２７号公報（特許文献１）に開示された排気浄化装置が提案されている。かかる排気浄化装置は、エンジン排気管に配設された還元触媒の排気上流に、エンジン運転状態に応じた必要量の液体還元剤を噴射供給することで、排気中のＮＯｘと液体還元剤とを触媒還元反応させて、ＮＯｘを無害成分に浄化処理するものである。ここで、還元反応は、ＮＯｘと反応性が良好なアンモニアを用いるもので、液体還元剤としては、排気熱及び排気中の水蒸気により加水分解してアンモニアを発生する尿素水溶液が用いられる。
特開２０００−２７６２７号公報 As a catalyst purification system for removing NOx contained in engine exhaust, an exhaust purification device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-27627 (Patent Document 1) has been proposed. Such an exhaust purification device injects and supplies a required amount of liquid reducing agent according to the engine operating state to the exhaust upstream of the reduction catalyst disposed in the engine exhaust pipe, thereby reducing NOx and liquid reducing agent in the exhaust. A catalytic reduction reaction is performed to purify NOx into harmless components. Here, the reduction reaction uses ammonia having good reactivity with NOx, and as the liquid reducing agent, an aqueous urea solution that generates ammonia by hydrolysis with exhaust heat and water vapor in the exhaust is used.
JP 2000-27627 A

ところで、還元触媒の排気上流に噴射供給された尿素水溶液の一部は、排気管の内壁に付着することが知られている。排気熱により排気管が高温となっているため、その内壁に付着した尿素水溶液から水分が蒸発し、還元剤成分としての尿素が析出されてしまうことがある。エンジン負荷が高ければ、排気温度の上昇に伴って排気管温度が尿素の融点以上となり、尿素が溶解して除去される。しかし、アイドル状態のようなエンジン負荷が低い状態が長時間継続すると、排気管温度が尿素の融点以上まで昇温せず、尿素堆積量が徐々に増加してしまう。そして、尿素堆積量がある程度多くなると排気抵抗が増加し、排気圧力の上昇により燃費及び出力低下を来してしまうおそれがあった。   By the way, it is known that a part of the urea aqueous solution injected and supplied upstream of the reduction catalyst exhaust adheres to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. Since the exhaust pipe becomes hot due to the exhaust heat, moisture may evaporate from the urea aqueous solution adhering to the inner wall, and urea as a reducing agent component may be deposited. If the engine load is high, the exhaust pipe temperature becomes higher than the melting point of urea as the exhaust temperature rises, and urea is dissolved and removed. However, if a low engine load state such as an idle state continues for a long time, the exhaust pipe temperature does not rise above the melting point of urea, and the urea accumulation amount gradually increases. When the amount of urea deposition increases to some extent, exhaust resistance increases, and there is a risk that fuel consumption and output will decrease due to an increase in exhaust pressure.

そこで、本発明は以上のような従来の問題点に鑑み、電熱ヒータを内蔵したホットプレートの上面に液体還元剤を供給すると共に、ホットプレート温度が少なくとも還元剤成分の融点以上となるように電熱ヒータを制御することで、還元剤成分の析出を防止しつつ、その有効利用を図った排気浄化装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, in view of the conventional problems as described above, the present invention supplies a liquid reducing agent to the upper surface of a hot plate with a built-in electric heater, and at the same time, heats the hot plate so that the hot plate temperature is at least equal to the melting point of the reducing agent component. An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust emission control device that effectively controls the heater while controlling the heater to prevent precipitation of the reducing agent component.

このため、請求項１記載の発明では、エンジン排気管に配設され、液体還元剤により窒素酸化物を還元浄化する還元触媒と、該還元触媒の排気上流に位置する排気管の下部に配設されたホットプレートと、該ホットプレートを加熱する電熱ヒータと、前記ホットプレートの上面に液体還元剤を供給する還元剤供給手段と、前記ホットプレートのプレート温度を検出するプレート温度検出手段と、該プレート温度検出手段により検出されたプレート温度が、少なくとも、還元剤成分の融点である所定値以上となるように、前記電熱ヒータの作動を制御するヒータ制御手段と、エンジンのアイドル状態が所定時間継続したか否かを判定する継続判定手段と、該継続判定手段によりアイドル状態が所定時間継続したと判定されたときに、前記プレート温度検出手段により検出されたプレート温度が前記所定値未満であれば、前記電熱ヒータが劣化したと診断する劣化診断手段と、を含んで排気浄化装置を構成したことを特徴とする。 For this reason, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the reduction catalyst is disposed in the engine exhaust pipe and reduces and purifies nitrogen oxides with the liquid reducing agent, and is disposed in the lower part of the exhaust pipe located upstream of the reduction catalyst. A hot plate, an electric heater for heating the hot plate, a reducing agent supply means for supplying a liquid reducing agent to the upper surface of the hot plate, a plate temperature detecting means for detecting the plate temperature of the hot plate, The heater control means for controlling the operation of the electric heater and the engine idle state continues for a predetermined time so that the plate temperature detected by the plate temperature detection means is at least a predetermined value which is the melting point of the reducing agent component. Continuation determining means for determining whether or not the game has been performed, and when the continuation determination means determines that the idle state has continued for a predetermined time, If plate temperature detected is less than the predetermined value by the temperature detecting means, wherein the electric heater is constructed and deterioration diagnosis means for diagnosing and deteriorated, the comprise exhaust gas purification device.

請求項２記載の発明では、液体還元剤温度を検出する還元剤温度検出手段と、エンジン回転速度を検出する回転速度検出手段と、エンジン負荷を検出する負荷検出手段と、を備え、前記ヒータ制御手段は、前記還元剤温度検出手段，回転速度検出手段及び負荷検出手段により夫々検出された液体還元剤温度，エンジン回転速度及びエンジン負荷に基づいて、前記電熱ヒータの出力を制御することを特徴とする。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, the heater control includes: a reducing agent temperature detecting unit that detects a liquid reducing agent temperature ; a rotational speed detecting unit that detects an engine rotational speed; and a load detecting unit that detects an engine load. The means controls the output of the electric heater based on the liquid reducing agent temperature, the engine rotational speed and the engine load detected by the reducing agent temperature detecting means, the rotational speed detecting means and the load detecting means, respectively. To do.

請求項３記載の発明では、前記ヒータ制御手段は、液体還元剤温度，エンジン回転速度及びエンジン負荷に応じたヒータ出力が設定されたマップを参照して、前記電熱ヒータの出力を演算することを特徴とする。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, the heater control means calculates the output of the electric heater with reference to a map in which the heater output corresponding to the liquid reducing agent temperature, the engine rotation speed, and the engine load is set. Features.

請求項４記載の発明では、前記劣化診断手段により電熱ヒータが劣化したと診断されたときに、その旨を報知する報知手段が備えられたことを特徴とする。
請求項５記載の発明では、エンジンが始動しているか否かを判定する始動判定手段を備え、前記ヒータ制御手段は、前記始動判定手段によりエンジンが始動していると判定されたときのみ、前記電熱ヒータの作動を制御することを特徴とする。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, when the deterioration diagnosis unit diagnoses that the electric heater has deteriorated, a notification unit for notifying the fact is provided.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the apparatus includes start determination means for determining whether or not the engine has been started, and the heater control means only when the start determination means determines that the engine is started. The operation of the electric heater is controlled.

請求項１記載の発明によれば、ホットプレートの上面に供給された液体還元剤は、電熱ヒータにより加熱されているホットプレートから受熱し、その温度が還元剤成分の融点以上に昇温する。このため、液体還元剤は、融点以上に昇温することから、気化及び加水分解が促進され、排気管内に略均等に拡散しつつ還元触媒へと導かれる。一方、排気管を経て還元触媒へと導かれた排気中の窒素酸化物は、触媒還元反応により無害成分となって大気中に放出される。従って、ホットプレートの上面に供給された液体還元剤を積極的に気化及び加水分解させることで、還元剤成分の析出を防止しつつ、その有効利用を図ることができる。
このとき、電熱ヒータが劣化しているか否かを、その機能を介して間接的に診断することができる。即ち、エンジンがアイドル状態となると排気温度が低下するため、ホットプレートのプレート温度は徐々に低下する。しかし、電熱ヒータの劣化が少なければ、ホットプレートのプレート温度が所定値以上に維持されているため、アイドル状態が所定時間継続してもプレート温度が所定値未満となることがない。このため、アイドル状態が所定時間継続したときに、ホットプレートのプレート温度が所定値未満となっていれば、電熱ヒータの劣化により発熱量が減少したと診断することができる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the liquid reducing agent supplied to the upper surface of the hot plate receives heat from the hot plate heated by the electric heater, and the temperature rises above the melting point of the reducing agent component. For this reason, since the temperature of the liquid reducing agent is raised to the melting point or higher, vaporization and hydrolysis are promoted, and the liquid reducing agent is led to the reduction catalyst while being diffused substantially uniformly in the exhaust pipe. On the other hand, the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust led to the reduction catalyst through the exhaust pipe are released into the atmosphere as harmless components by the catalytic reduction reaction. Therefore, the liquid reductant supplied to the upper surface of the hot plate is actively vaporized and hydrolyzed, so that the reductant component can be prevented from being precipitated and effectively used.
At this time, it is possible to indirectly diagnose whether or not the electric heater has deteriorated through its function. That is, when the engine is in an idle state, the exhaust temperature decreases, so the plate temperature of the hot plate gradually decreases. However, if the deterioration of the electric heater is small, the plate temperature of the hot plate is maintained at a predetermined value or higher, so that the plate temperature does not become lower than the predetermined value even if the idle state continues for a predetermined time. For this reason, if the plate temperature of the hot plate is lower than a predetermined value when the idle state continues for a predetermined time, it can be diagnosed that the amount of heat generation has decreased due to deterioration of the electric heater.

請求項２記載の発明によれば、電熱ヒータの出力は、液体還元剤温度，エンジン回転速度及びエンジン負荷に基づいて制御されるため、ホットプレートの上面に比較的低温な液体還元剤が供給されても、必要最小限のエネルギでプレート温度を所定値以上に維持することができる。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the output of the electric heater is controlled based on the liquid reducing agent temperature, the engine rotational speed, and the engine load, a relatively low temperature liquid reducing agent is supplied to the upper surface of the hot plate. However, the plate temperature can be maintained at a predetermined value or higher with the minimum energy required.

請求項３記載の発明によれば、電熱ヒータの出力は、液体還元剤温度，エンジン回転速度及びエンジン負荷に応じたヒータ出力が設定されたマップを参照して演算されるため、制御負荷を低く抑えることができる。 According to the third aspect of the invention, the output of the electric heater is calculated with reference to a map in which the heater output corresponding to the liquid reducing agent temperature, the engine rotation speed, and the engine load is set. Can be suppressed .

請求項４記載の発明によれば、電熱ヒータが劣化したと診断されたときには、その旨が報知されるので、排気浄化装置の点検整備を促すことができる。
請求項５記載の発明によれば、エンジンが始動していなければ、排気中の窒素酸化物を浄化する必要がないので、電熱ヒータを作動させないことで、無駄なエネルギ消費などを回避することができる。 According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when it is diagnosed that the electric heater has deteriorated, the fact is notified, so it is possible to prompt the inspection and maintenance of the exhaust purification device.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is not necessary to purify the nitrogen oxide in the exhaust if the engine is not started. Therefore, wasteful energy consumption can be avoided by not operating the electric heater. it can.

以下、添付された図面を参照して本発明を詳述する。
図１は、液体還元剤として尿素水溶液を使用し、エンジン排気中に含まれるＮＯｘを還元触媒反応により浄化する排気浄化装置の全体構成を示す。
エンジン１０の排気マニフォールド１２に接続される排気管１４には、排気流通方向に沿って、一酸化窒素（ＮＯ）を二酸化窒素（ＮＯ2）へと酸化させる酸化触媒１６と、尿素水溶液を上方から下方に向けて滴下又は噴射して供給する供給ノズル１８と、尿素水溶液を加水分解して得られるアンモニアによりＮＯｘを還元浄化するＮＯｘ還元触媒２０と、ＮＯｘ還元触媒２０を通過したアンモニアを酸化させるアンモニア酸化触媒２２と、が夫々配設される。供給ノズル１８には、図示しない還元剤容器から、コンピュータを内蔵したコントロールユニット２４により制御される還元剤供給装置２６を介して、エンジン運転状態に応じた必要量の尿素水溶液が供給される。ここで、供給ノズル１８，コントロールユニット２４及び還元剤供給装置２６の協働により、還元剤供給手段が構成される。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of an exhaust purification apparatus that uses an aqueous urea solution as a liquid reducing agent and purifies NOx contained in engine exhaust by a reduction catalytic reaction.
An exhaust pipe 14 connected to the exhaust manifold 12 of the engine 10 includes an oxidation catalyst 16 that oxidizes nitrogen monoxide (NO) into nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and an aqueous urea solution from above along the exhaust flow direction. Supply nozzle 18 that is supplied by dropping or spraying downward, NOx reduction catalyst 20 that reduces and purifies NOx with ammonia obtained by hydrolyzing urea aqueous solution, and ammonia that oxidizes ammonia that has passed through NOx reduction catalyst 20 An oxidation catalyst 22 is provided. The supply nozzle 18 is supplied with a required amount of urea aqueous solution from a reducing agent container (not shown) through a reducing agent supply device 26 controlled by a control unit 24 incorporating a computer according to the engine operating state. Here, the reducing agent supply means is configured by the cooperation of the supply nozzle 18, the control unit 24 and the reducing agent supply device 26.

また、供給ノズル１８の下方に位置する排気管１４には、供給ノズル１８から滴下又は噴射された尿素水溶液を受け、これを融点温度（１３２℃）以上に加熱することで、その気化及び加水分解を促進する、熱伝導性の優れた金属からなるホットプレート２８が配設される。ホットプレート２８には、図２に示すように、そのプレート温度Ｔhpを検出する温度センサ３０及び電熱ヒータ３２が夫々内蔵される。ここで、温度センサ３０は、プレート温度検出手段として機能する。   The exhaust pipe 14 positioned below the supply nozzle 18 receives the urea aqueous solution dropped or injected from the supply nozzle 18 and heats it to a melting point temperature (132 ° C.) or higher, thereby vaporizing and hydrolyzing it. A hot plate 28 made of a metal having excellent thermal conductivity is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the hot plate 28 includes a temperature sensor 30 and an electric heater 32 for detecting the plate temperature Thp. Here, the temperature sensor 30 functions as plate temperature detection means.

ホットプレート２８に内蔵された電熱ヒータ３２の制御系として、温度センサ３０に加え、エンジン１０の回転速度Ｎeを検出する回転速度センサ３４と、エンジン負荷Ｑを検出する負荷センサ３６と、供給ノズル１８から供給される尿素水溶液温度Ｔuを検出する尿素温度センサ３８と、が夫々設けられる。ここで、エンジン負荷Ｑとしては、吸入空気流量，吸気負圧，アクセル開度，スロットル開度，燃料噴射量などが利用できる。また、回転速度センサ３４，負荷センサ３６及び尿素温度センサ３８は、夫々、回転速度検出手段，負荷検出手段及び還元剤温度検出手段として機能する。そして、温度センサ３０，回転速度センサ３４，負荷センサ３６及び尿素温度センサ３８の各信号は、コントロールユニット２４に夫々入力され、そのＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）に記憶された制御プログラムにより電熱ヒータ３２が制御される。なお、ＲＯＭに記憶された制御プログラムを実行することにより、ヒータ制御手段が実現される。   As a control system for the electric heater 32 incorporated in the hot plate 28, in addition to the temperature sensor 30, a rotation speed sensor 34 that detects the rotation speed Ne of the engine 10, a load sensor 36 that detects the engine load Q, and the supply nozzle 18. And a urea temperature sensor 38 for detecting the urea aqueous solution temperature Tu supplied from the above. Here, as the engine load Q, an intake air flow rate, an intake negative pressure, an accelerator opening, a throttle opening, a fuel injection amount, or the like can be used. The rotation speed sensor 34, the load sensor 36, and the urea temperature sensor 38 function as a rotation speed detection unit, a load detection unit, and a reducing agent temperature detection unit, respectively. The signals of the temperature sensor 30, the rotation speed sensor 34, the load sensor 36, and the urea temperature sensor 38 are respectively input to the control unit 24, and the electric heater 32 is controlled by a control program stored in the ROM (Read Only Memory). Be controlled. In addition, a heater control means is implement | achieved by running the control program memorize | stored in ROM.

図３は、コントロールユニット２４において、所定時間ごとに繰り返し実行される制御プログラムの内容を示す。
ステップ１（図では「Ｓ１」と略記する。以下同様）では、回転速度センサ３４から回転速度Ｎeを読み込む。
ステップ２では、回転速度Ｎeに基づいてエンジン１０が始動しているか否か、即ち、回転速度Ｎeが０より大（Ｎe＞０）であるか否かを判定する。そして、エンジン１０が始動していればステップ３へと進む一方（Ｙｅｓ）、エンジン１０が始動していなければ排気中のＮＯｘを浄化する必要がないので、無駄なエネルギ消費などを回避すべく処理を終了する（Ｎｏ）。なお、ステップ１及び２の処理が始動判定手段に該当する。 FIG. 3 shows the contents of a control program that is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals in the control unit 24.
In step 1 (abbreviated as “S1” in the figure, the same applies hereinafter), the rotational speed Ne is read from the rotational speed sensor 34.
In step 2, it is determined whether or not the engine 10 is started based on the rotational speed Ne, that is, whether or not the rotational speed Ne is greater than 0 (Ne> 0). If the engine 10 has been started, the process proceeds to step 3 (Yes). On the other hand, if the engine 10 has not been started, it is not necessary to purify NOx in the exhaust gas, so processing is performed to avoid unnecessary energy consumption. Is finished (No). In addition, the process of step 1 and 2 corresponds to a starting determination means.

ステップ３では、温度センサ３０からホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpを読み込む。
ステップ４では、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0未満であるか否かを判定する。ここで、所定値Ｔ0としては、尿素の融点温度より若干高い温度、換言すると、少なくともその融点温度以上とすればよい。そして、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0未満であれば、ステップ５へと進む（Ｙｅｓ）。一方、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0以上であれば、ステップ９へと進み（Ｎｏ）、ホットプレート２８の加熱を停止すべく、電熱ヒータ３２の作動を停止する。 In step 3, the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 is read from the temperature sensor 30.
In step 4, the plate temperature Thp is equal to or less than a predetermined value T 0. Here, the predetermined value T 0 may be a temperature slightly higher than the melting point temperature of urea, in other words, at least the melting point temperature. If the plate temperature Thp is less than the predetermined value T 0 , the process proceeds to step 5 (Yes). On the other hand, if the plate temperature Thp is equal to or higher than the predetermined value T 0 , the process proceeds to step 9 (No), and the operation of the electric heater 32 is stopped to stop the heating of the hot plate 28.

ステップ５では、尿素温度センサ３８から尿素水溶液温度Ｔuを読み込む。
ステップ６では、負荷センサ３６からエンジン負荷Ｑを読み込む。
ステップ７では、図４に示すようなヒータ出力マップを参照し、尿素水溶液温度Ｔu，回転速度Ｎe及びエンジン負荷Ｑに応じたヒータ出力を演算する。ここで、ヒータ出力マップには、ホットプレート２８に尿素水溶液が供給されるとプレート温度Ｔhpが低下することを見越し、これを補うための熱量を発生し得るヒータ出力が設定される。なお、ヒータ出力が離散的に設定されているときには、制御精度を向上させるべく、公知の補間技術を活用してその補間演算を行うことが望ましい。 In step 5, the urea aqueous solution temperature Tu is read from the urea temperature sensor 38.
In step 6, the engine load Q is read from the load sensor 36.
In step 7, a heater output corresponding to the urea aqueous solution temperature Tu, the rotational speed Ne, and the engine load Q is calculated with reference to the heater output map as shown in FIG. Here, in the heater output map, a heater output capable of generating heat to compensate for the decrease in the plate temperature Thp when the urea aqueous solution is supplied to the hot plate 28 is set. When the heater output is set discretely, it is desirable to perform the interpolation calculation using a known interpolation technique in order to improve the control accuracy.

ステップ８では、演算されたヒータ出力に基づいて電熱ヒータ３２を作動させる。
かかる排気浄化装置によれば、電熱ヒータ３２は、ホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0未満のときには作動する一方、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0以上のときには停止する。このとき、電熱ヒータ３２は、尿素水溶液温度Ｔu，回転速度Ｎe及びエンジン負荷Ｑに応じたヒータ出力に基づいて作動が制御されるため、ホットプレート２８の上面に比較的低温な尿素水溶液が供給されても、必要最小限のエネルギでプレート温度Ｔhpを所定値Ｔ0以上に維持することができる。 In step 8, the electric heater 32 is operated based on the calculated heater output.
According to the exhaust purification device, the electric heater 32, while the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 is operated when less than the predetermined value T 0, the plate temperature Thp is stopped when more than a predetermined value T 0. At this time, since the operation of the electric heater 32 is controlled based on the heater output corresponding to the urea aqueous solution temperature Tu, the rotational speed Ne, and the engine load Q, a relatively low temperature urea aqueous solution is supplied to the upper surface of the hot plate 28. However, the plate temperature Thp can be maintained at a predetermined value T 0 or more with the minimum necessary energy.

そして、エンジン１０の排気は、排気マニフォールド１２，排気管１４及び酸化触媒１６を経て、ＮＯｘ還元触媒２０へと導入される。一方、供給ノズル１８からホットプレート２８の上面へと供給された尿素水溶液は、ホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpが尿素の融点以上に維持されていることから、気化及び加水分解が促進されてアンモニアとなり、その排気下流に配設されたＮＯｘ還元触媒２０へと導入される。ＮＯｘ還元触媒２０では、アンモニアを還元剤として用いて、排気中のＮＯｘが水（Ｈ2Ｏ）及び無害なガス（窒素Ｎ2など）に還元浄化される。このとき、ＮＯｘ還元触媒２０によるＮＯｘ浄化率を向上させるべく、酸化触媒１６によりＮＯがＮＯ2へと酸化され、排気中のＮＯとＮＯ2との割合が触媒還元反応に適したものに改善される。また、ＮＯｘ還元触媒２０を通過したアンモニアは、その排気下流に配設されたアンモニア酸化触媒２２により酸化されるので、異臭を放つアンモニアがそのまま大気中に放出されることを防止できる。 The exhaust from the engine 10 is introduced into the NOx reduction catalyst 20 through the exhaust manifold 12, the exhaust pipe 14, and the oxidation catalyst 16. On the other hand, the urea aqueous solution supplied from the supply nozzle 18 to the upper surface of the hot plate 28 is promoted to vaporize and hydrolyze into ammonia because the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 is maintained above the melting point of urea. The NOx reduction catalyst 20 disposed downstream of the exhaust gas is introduced. The NOx reduction catalyst 20 uses ammonia as a reducing agent to reduce and purify NOx in the exhaust gas into water (H 2 O) and a harmless gas (such as nitrogen N 2 ). At this time, in order to improve the NOx purification rate by the NOx reduction catalyst 20, NO is oxidized to NO 2 by the oxidation catalyst 16, and the ratio of NO to NO 2 in the exhaust gas is improved to be suitable for the catalytic reduction reaction. The Further, since the ammonia that has passed through the NOx reduction catalyst 20 is oxidized by the ammonia oxidation catalyst 22 disposed downstream of the exhaust gas, it is possible to prevent ammonia that emits a strange odor from being released into the atmosphere as it is.

なお、ホットプレート２８の周囲にフィンや絞りを設け、気化及び加水分解したアンモニアの拡散を促進するようにしてもよい。また、ホットプレート２８としては、比較的低温の尿素水溶液が供給されても、そのプレート温度Ｔhpが容易に低下しないように、ある程度の熱容量を持たせることが望ましい。さらに、ホットプレート２８を排気管１４から取り外し可能な構造とすることで、万一尿素の析出が起こったときに、これを洗浄除去できるようにしてもよい。   Note that a fin or a diaphragm may be provided around the hot plate 28 to promote diffusion of vaporized and hydrolyzed ammonia. Further, it is desirable that the hot plate 28 has a certain heat capacity so that the plate temperature Thp does not easily decrease even when a relatively low temperature urea aqueous solution is supplied. Further, by adopting a structure in which the hot plate 28 can be removed from the exhaust pipe 14, it may be possible to wash and remove urea in the event of precipitation of urea.

図５は、電熱ヒータ３２の劣化を診断すべく、図３に示す制御プログラムと並列かつ所定時間ごとに繰り返し実行される診断プログラムを示す。
ステップ１１では、回転速度センサ３４から回転速度Ｎeを読み込む。
ステップ１２では、回転速度Ｎeに基づいてエンジン１０が始動しているか否かを判定する。そして、エンジン１０が始動していればステップ１３へと進む一方（Ｙｅｓ）、エンジン１０が始動していなければ処理を終了する（Ｎｏ）。 FIG. 5 shows a diagnostic program that is repeatedly executed in parallel with the control program shown in FIG. 3 every predetermined time in order to diagnose the deterioration of the electric heater 32.
In step 11, the rotational speed Ne is read from the rotational speed sensor 34.
In step 12, it is determined whether or not the engine 10 is started based on the rotational speed Ne. If the engine 10 has been started, the process proceeds to step 13 (Yes), while if the engine 10 has not been started, the process is terminated (No).

ステップ１３では、負荷センサ３６からエンジン負荷Ｑを読み込む。
ステップ１４では、回転速度Ｎe及びエンジン負荷Ｑに基づいて、エンジン１０がアイドル状態であるか否かを判定する。そして、アイドル状態であればステップ１５へと進む一方（Ｙｅｓ）、アイドル状態でなければ処理を終了する（Ｎｏ）。なお、アイドル状態であるか否かは、吸気管に配設されたスロットル弁の開度、又は、これに併設されたアイドルスイッチの出力などから判定するようにしてもよい。 In step 13, the engine load Q is read from the load sensor 36.
In step 14, it is determined based on the rotational speed Ne and the engine load Q whether or not the engine 10 is in an idle state. If it is in the idle state, the process proceeds to step 15 (Yes), while if it is not in the idle state, the process is ended (No). Whether or not the engine is in an idle state may be determined from the opening of a throttle valve disposed in the intake pipe or the output of an idle switch provided therewith.

ステップ１５では、アイドル状態が所定時間継続したか否かを判定する。そして、アイドル状態が所定時間継続したならばステップ１６へと進む一方（Ｙｅｓ）、アイドル状態が所定時間継続していなければ処理を終了する（Ｎｏ）。なお、ステップ１４及び１５の処理が継続判定手段に該当する。
ステップ１６では、温度センサ３０からホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpを読み込む。 In step 15, it is determined whether or not the idle state has continued for a predetermined time. If the idle state has continued for a predetermined time, the process proceeds to step 16 (Yes), while if the idle state has not continued for the predetermined time, the process is terminated (No). Note that the processing of steps 14 and 15 corresponds to the continuation determination means.
In step 16, the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 is read from the temperature sensor 30.

ステップ１７では、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0未満であるか否かを判定する。そして、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0未満であればステップ１８へと進み（Ｙｅｓ）、電熱ヒータ３２が劣化していることを報知すべく、警告灯などを作動させる。一方、プレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0以上であれば処理を終了する（Ｎｏ）。なお、ステップ１６及び１７の処理が劣化診断手段に、ステップ１８の処理が報知手段に夫々該当する。 In step 17, the plate temperature Thp is equal to or less than a predetermined value T 0. If the plate temperature Thp is less than the predetermined value T 0 , the process proceeds to step 18 (Yes), and a warning lamp or the like is operated to notify that the electric heater 32 has deteriorated. On the other hand, if the plate temperature Thp is equal to or higher than the predetermined value T 0 , the process ends (No). Note that the processing in steps 16 and 17 corresponds to the deterioration diagnosis means, and the processing in step 18 corresponds to the notification means.

かかる診断プログラムによれば、ホットプレート２８に内蔵された電熱ヒータ３２が劣化しているか否かを、その機能を介して間接的に診断することができる。即ち、エンジン１０がアイドル状態となると排気温度が低下するため、ホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpは徐々に低下する。しかし、電熱ヒータ３２の劣化が少なければ、図３に示す制御プログラムにより、ホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0以上に維持されるため、アイドル状態が所定時間継続してもプレート温度ＴhpがＴ0未満となることはない。このため、アイドル状態が所定時間継続したときに、ホットプレート２８のプレート温度Ｔhpが所定値Ｔ0未満となっていれば、電熱ヒータ３２の劣化により発熱量が減少したと診断することができる。そして、電熱ヒータ３２が劣化したときには、警告灯などによりこれを報知することで、排気浄化装置の点検整備を促すことができる。 According to such a diagnostic program, it is possible to indirectly diagnose whether or not the electric heater 32 built in the hot plate 28 has deteriorated through its function. That is, when the engine 10 enters an idle state, the exhaust temperature decreases, so the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 gradually decreases. However, the less deterioration of the electric heater 32, the control program shown in FIG. 3, since the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 is maintained above a predetermined value T 0, the plate idle even for the predetermined period temperature Thp Is never less than T 0 . For this reason, if the plate temperature Thp of the hot plate 28 is less than the predetermined value T 0 when the idle state continues for a predetermined time, it can be diagnosed that the heat generation amount has decreased due to the deterioration of the electric heater 32. Then, when the electric heater 32 is deteriorated, it is possible to prompt the inspection and maintenance of the exhaust emission control device by notifying this by a warning light or the like.

なお、本発明は、尿素水溶液を液体還元剤として使用する排気浄化装置に限らず、炭化水素を主成分とするガソリン，軽油，アルコールなどを液体還元剤として使用するものにも適用可能であることはいうまでもない。   The present invention is not limited to an exhaust gas purification device that uses an aqueous urea solution as a liquid reducing agent, but can also be applied to those that use gasoline, light oil, alcohol, or the like mainly containing hydrocarbons as a liquid reducing agent. Needless to say.

本発明を適用した排気浄化装置の全体構成図Overall configuration diagram of an exhaust emission control device to which the present invention is applied ホットプレートの詳細説明図Detailed explanation of hot plate 電熱ヒータを制御する制御プログラムのフローチャートFlow chart of control program for controlling electric heater ヒータ出力マップの説明図Illustration of heater output map 電熱ヒータの劣化を診断する診断プログラムのフローチャートFlow chart of diagnostic program for diagnosing degradation of electric heater

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ エンジン
１４ 排気管
１８ 供給ノズル
２０ ＮＯｘ還元触媒
２４ コントロールユニット
２６ 還元剤供給装置
２８ ホットプレート
３０ 温度センサ
３２ 電熱ヒータ
３４ 回転速度センサ
３６ 負荷センサ
３８ 尿素温度センサ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Engine 14 Exhaust pipe 18 Supply nozzle 20 NOx reduction catalyst 24 Control unit 26 Reducing agent supply apparatus 28 Hot plate 30 Temperature sensor 32 Electric heater 34 Rotational speed sensor 36 Load sensor 38 Urea temperature sensor

Claims (5)

エンジン排気管に配設され、液体還元剤により窒素酸化物を還元浄化する還元触媒と、
該還元触媒の排気上流に位置する排気管の下部に配設されたホットプレートと、
該ホットプレートを加熱する電熱ヒータと、
前記ホットプレートの上面に液体還元剤を供給する還元剤供給手段と、
前記ホットプレートのプレート温度を検出するプレート温度検出手段と、
該プレート温度検出手段により検出されたプレート温度が、少なくとも、還元剤成分の融点である所定値以上となるように、前記電熱ヒータの作動を制御するヒータ制御手段と、
エンジンのアイドル状態が所定時間継続したか否かを判定する継続判定手段と、
該継続判定手段によりアイドル状態が所定時間継続したと判定されたときに、前記プレート温度検出手段により検出されたプレート温度が前記所定値未満であれば、前記電熱ヒータが劣化したと診断する劣化診断手段と、
を含んで構成されたことを特徴とする排気浄化装置。 A reduction catalyst disposed in the engine exhaust pipe for reducing and purifying nitrogen oxides with a liquid reducing agent;
A hot plate disposed under the exhaust pipe located upstream of the exhaust of the reduction catalyst;
An electric heater for heating the hot plate;
Reducing agent supply means for supplying a liquid reducing agent to the upper surface of the hot plate;
Plate temperature detecting means for detecting the plate temperature of the hot plate;
Heater control means for controlling the operation of the electric heater so that the plate temperature detected by the plate temperature detection means is at least a predetermined value which is the melting point of the reducing agent component ;
Continuation determining means for determining whether or not the engine has been idle for a predetermined time;
A deterioration diagnosis for diagnosing that the electric heater has deteriorated if the plate temperature detected by the plate temperature detecting means is less than the predetermined value when the continuation determining means determines that the idle state has continued for a predetermined time. Means,
An exhaust emission control device comprising: 液体還元剤温度を検出する還元剤温度検出手段と、
エンジン回転速度を検出する回転速度検出手段と、
エンジン負荷を検出する負荷検出手段と、
を備え、
前記ヒータ制御手段は、前記還元剤温度検出手段，回転速度検出手段及び負荷検出手段により夫々検出された液体還元剤温度，エンジン回転速度及びエンジン負荷に基づいて、前記電熱ヒータの出力を制御することを特徴とする請求項１記載の排気浄化装置。 Reducing agent temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the liquid reducing agent;
A rotation speed detection means for detecting the engine rotation speed;
Load detection means for detecting engine load;
With
The heater control means controls the output of the electric heater based on the liquid reducing agent temperature, the engine rotational speed and the engine load detected by the reducing agent temperature detecting means, the rotational speed detecting means and the load detecting means, respectively. The exhaust emission control device according to claim 1. 前記ヒータ制御手段は、液体還元剤温度，エンジン回転速度及びエンジン負荷に応じたヒータ出力が設定されたマップを参照して、前記電熱ヒータの出力を演算することを特徴とする請求項２記載の排気浄化装置。 The said heater control means calculates the output of the said electric heater with reference to the map in which the heater output according to the liquid reducing agent temperature, the engine rotational speed, and the engine load was set . Exhaust purification device. 前記劣化診断手段により電熱ヒータが劣化したと診断されたときに、その旨を報知する報知手段が備えられたことを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれか１つに記載の排気浄化装置。 The exhaust gas purification according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an informing means for informing that when the electric heater is diagnosed as deteriorated by the deterioration diagnosis means. apparatus. エンジンが始動しているか否かを判定する始動判定手段を備え、
前記ヒータ制御手段は、前記始動判定手段によりエンジンが始動していると判定されたときのみ、前記電熱ヒータの作動を制御することを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項４のいずれか１つに記載の排気浄化装置。 Provided with start determination means for determining whether or not the engine is started;
5. The heater according to claim 1, wherein the heater control unit controls the operation of the electric heater only when the start determination unit determines that the engine is started. 6. The exhaust emission control device described.
JP2004196473A 2004-07-02 2004-07-02 Exhaust purification equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4290081B2 (en)

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