JP4278351B2

JP4278351B2 - Oil level detection method and apparatus for compressor

Info

Publication number: JP4278351B2
Application number: JP2002223052A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 卓関根
Original assignee: Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-07-31
Filing date: 2002-07-31
Publication date: 2009-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-31
Also published as: JP2004061056A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、圧縮機の油面検出方法及び装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
空気調和装置、特に、複数個の圧縮機を備えた空気調和装置では、各圧縮機から冷媒と共に吐出された潤滑油が、同一の冷媒回路内を流れて各圧縮機へ戻されることになるので、各圧縮機内の潤滑油量が不均一となる場合が生ずる。
【０００３】
このため、このような空気調和装置にあっては、圧縮機内の潤滑油の油面を検出する油面検出装置が設置されて、各圧縮機内の潤滑油量を適正に保持できるようにしたものがある。
【０００４】
上述の油面検出装置は、従来、特開平６‐３２３６４５号公報に記載のようなフロート式の油面検出装置や、温度式の油面検出装置が提案されている。この温度式の油面検出装置では、検出用管路内を流れる流体の温度を検出して、温度低下が著しい場合に上記流体がガス冷媒であって、圧縮機内の潤滑油が少ないことを検出できる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、フロート式の油面検出装置では、フロートなどの真円度や肉厚、加工精度などの不具合から検出精度が低下してしまう恐れがある。
【０００６】
また、温度式の油面検出装置では、検出温度の差が小さく、このため、この場合も油面の検出精度が低下してしまう恐れがある。
【０００７】
本発明の目的は、上述の事情を考慮してなされたものであり、圧縮機内の油面を正確に検出できる圧縮機の油面検出方法及び装置を提供することにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１に記載の発明は、圧縮機の底部から連通管を経て上記圧縮機に接続された吸込管へ流れる冷媒または潤滑油を含む流体を、上記圧縮機からのガス冷媒が凝縮された液冷媒を用いて冷却する冷却装置が冷却し、この冷却装置は上記流体が冷媒を含む場合に機能して冷媒の液化を促し、その後減圧装置が減圧し、上記冷却装置の下流側における連通管内の流体温度と、減圧装置の下流側における上記連通管内の流体温度の差を求め、該差と上記圧縮機内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面以上ある場合に生じる温度差ΔＴｍ１，ΔＴｍ２、及びない場合に生じる温度差ΔＴｎ１，ΔＴｎ２とを比較することにより、当該連通管内の流体の大部分が潤滑油であるか冷媒であるかを判断して、上記圧縮機内の検出基準面に対する潤滑油の油面を検出することを特徴とするものである。
【００１０】
請求項２に記載の発明は、圧縮機の底部と当該圧縮機に接続された吸込管とが冷媒または潤滑油を含む流体を流す連通管を用いて連通され、この連通管に冷却装置及び減圧装置が、上記吸込管へ向かう下流に沿って順次設けられ、上記冷却装置は、上記圧縮機から吐出されたガス冷媒を凝縮する熱交換器からの液冷媒を導いて上記連通管内の流体を冷却し、この冷却装置は上記流体が冷媒を含む場合に機能して冷媒の液化を促し、上記連通管には、冷却装置の下流に第１温度センサが、減圧装置の下流に第２温度センサがそれぞれ設置され、これらの第１温度センサおよび第２温度センサが検出する上記連通管内の流体温度の差を求め、該差と上記圧縮機内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面以上ある場合に生じる温度差ΔＴｍ１，ΔＴｍ２、及びない場合に生じる温度差ΔＴｎ１，ΔＴｎ２とを比較することにより、当該連通管内の流体の大部分が潤滑油であるか冷媒であるかを判断して、上記圧縮機内の検出基準面に対する潤滑油の油面を検出するよう構成されたことを特徴とするものである。
【００１２】
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項２に記載の発明において、上記減圧装置がキャピラリチューブであることを特徴とするものである。
【００１３】
請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項２又は３に記載の発明において、上記冷却装置の下流側に開閉弁が配設され、この開閉弁が所定間隔で適宜開弁されるよう構成されたことを特徴とするものである。請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項２乃至４のいずれかに記載の発明において、上記連通管の圧縮機側は二股に分岐され、この圧縮機内の油面の検出基準面に対して上下位置で上記圧縮機に各々接続されることを特徴とするものである。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面に基づき説明する。
【００１５】
図１は、本発明に係る圧縮機の油面検出装置が適用された空気調和装置を示す系統図である。
【００１６】
この空気調和装置１０は、室外機１１及び室内機１２を有し、室外機１１の室外冷媒配管１９と室内機１２の室内冷媒配管１６とが接続されて構成される。また、上記室外機１１が備える後述の圧縮機２０は単一ではなく、複数個が並列に設置されたものである。
【００１７】
上記室内機１２は、室内冷媒配管１６に室内膨張弁１７及び室内熱交換器１８が配設されて構成され、室内膨張弁１７は、その弁開度が空調負荷に応じて調整される。上記室内熱交換器１８には、この室内熱交換器１８へ送風する室内ファン２２が隣接して配置されている。
【００１８】
上記室外機１１は、室外冷媒配管１９に圧縮機２０が配設され、この圧縮機２０の吸込側にアキュムレータ２１が配設され、吐出側に四方弁２３が配設され、更に、四方弁２３側の室外冷媒配管１９に室外熱交換器２４、室外膨張弁２５、レシーバタンク２７が順次配設されて構成される。上記室外膨張弁２５は、その弁開度が空調負荷に応じて調整される。また、上記室外熱交換器２４には、この室外熱交換器２４へ送風する室外ファン２６が隣接して配置されている。
【００１９】
上記四方弁２３の切換により空気調和装置１０が冷房運転又は暖房運転に設定される。
【００２０】
つまり、四方弁２３が冷房側に切り替えられると、冷媒が実線矢印αの如く流れ、室外機１１の圧縮機２０から吐出された冷媒は、四方弁２３を経て室外熱交換器２４に至り、この室外熱交換器２４で凝縮され、室外膨張弁２５及びレシーバタンク２７を経て室内機１２に至り、室内膨張弁１７を経て減圧された後、室内熱交換器１８で蒸発されて室内を冷房する。室内熱交換器１８からの冷媒は室外機１１に流れ、この室外機１１の四方弁２３及びアキュムレータ２１を経て圧縮機２０に戻される。
【００２１】
また、四方弁２３が暖房側に切り替えられると、冷媒が破線矢印βの如く流れ、室外機１１の圧縮機２０から吐出された冷媒は、四方弁２３を経て室内機１２に至り、この室内機１２の室内熱交換器１８にて凝縮して室内を暖房する。室内熱交換器１８にて凝縮された冷媒は、室内膨張弁１７を経て室外機１１に流れ、レシーバタンク２７を経て室外膨張弁２５で減圧され、室外熱交換器２４で蒸発された後、四方弁２３及びアキュムレータ２１を経て圧縮機２０に戻される。
【００２２】
蒸発器として機能する室内熱交換器１８または室外熱交換器２４から圧縮機２０へ冷媒（ガス冷媒）が戻される室外冷媒配管１９のうちの吸込管３０と、上記圧縮機２０とが連通管３２にて連通される。図２に示すように、この連通管３２の圧縮機２０側は二股に分岐され、一方が圧縮機２０の底部３１に、他方が圧縮機２０の鉛直方向ほぼ中央位置にそれぞれ接続されている。
【００２３】
この連通管３２には、合流部から吸込管３０へ向かう下流側に冷却装置３３と、減圧装置としてのキャピラリチューブ３４とが順次配設されている。
【００２４】
上記冷却装置３３は、図２及び図３に示すように二重管構造にて構成され、内管が室外冷媒配管１９である。この内管（室外冷媒配管１９）と外管３５とに囲まれた空間３６に連通管３２が接続される。従って、連通管３２内に流入した圧縮機２０内の冷媒、または当該圧縮機２０潤滑用の潤滑油は、連通管３２内を流れて冷却装置３３に至ると、この冷却装置３３の作用で、空間３６を流動する間に、室外熱交換器２４（冷房運転の場合）または室内熱交換器１８（暖房運転の場合）により凝縮された液冷媒と熱交換されて冷却される。
【００２５】
その後、連通管３２内に流入した冷媒または潤滑油は、キャピラリチューブ３４の作用で減圧されて、吸込管３０内へ戻される。このキャピラリチューブ３４は断熱構造にて構成されている。
【００２６】
また、連通管３２には、冷却装置３３の下流側に第１温度センサ３８が設置され、キャピラリチューブ３４の下流側に第２温度センサ３９が設置される。これらの第１温度センサ３８及び第２温度センサ３９は、連通管３２内を流れる流体（つまり冷媒、潤滑油）の温度を検出する。
【００２７】
上述の連通管３２、冷却装置３３、キャピラリチューブ３４、第１温度センサ３８及び第２温度センサ３９を備えて、圧縮機の油面検出装置４０が構成される。
【００２８】
上記第１温度センサ３８、第２温度センサ３９によりそれぞれ検出される連通管３２内の流体の検出温度Ｔ１、Ｔ２について、次に述べる。
【００２９】
圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面Ｈ以上であるときには、連通管３２内の流体の大部分が潤滑油となる。この場合、潤滑油は、熱容量が大きいので冷却装置３３による温度低下が少なく、しかもキャピラリチューブ３４による減圧の影響も受けない。このため、第１温度センサ３８による検出温度Ｔ１は図４の点Ｂの温度となり、第２検出センサ３９による検出温度は、点Ｂから自然放熱分低下して、点Ｃの温度となる。点Ｂは等温線ｂ上にあり、点Ｃは等温線ｃ上にあることから、検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔ２の温度差は、等温線ｂと等温線ｃとの温度差ΔＴｍ１となる。
【００３０】
なお、図４中の点Ａの温度は、圧縮機２０から連通管３２へ流入し始めた時の連通管３２内の流体温度であり、等温線ａ上に存在する。また、図４中の点Ｄは、冷却装置３３の内管（室外冷媒配管１９）内を流れる液冷媒の温度であり、等温線ｅ上に存在する。
【００３１】
同様に圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面Ｈ以上であって、外気温が非常に低く、且つ空気調和装置１０における冷媒の高圧と低圧との差が小さく、圧縮機２０から連通管３２へ流入する潤滑油量が少ない場合には、連通管３２内に流入してから冷却装置３３に至るまでに、潤滑油の温度は著しく低下してしまう。そのときの温度は、例えば等温線ｇ上の点Ｇの温度まで低下してしまう。しかし、この連通管３２内の潤滑油は、冷却装置３３の作用で点Ｄの温度まで加熱される。この点Ｄの温度が検出温度Ｔ１となる。この連通管３２内の潤滑油は、キャピラリチューブ３４内で自然放熱により冷却されて、等温線ｆ上の点Ｈの温度となり、この温度が検出温度Ｔ２となる。従って、このときの検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔの温度差は、等温線ｅと等温線ｆとの温度差ΔＴｍ２となる。
【００３２】
また、圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面Ｈ以下であるときには、連通管３２内の流体の大部分が冷媒となる。この冷媒は、冷却装置３３の内管（室外冷媒配管１９）内を流れる液冷媒に比べその流量が著しく少ないため、この冷却装置３３の作用で、図４の飽和液線Ｘ及び飽和ガス線Ｙに囲まれた領域内に至り、点Ｄに近い温度まで冷却されて液化され、その温度は等温線ｄ上に存在する点Ｅの温度となる。この温度が、第１温度センサ３８による検出温度Ｔ１となる。この冷媒は、次にキャピラリチューブ３４により減圧され、このとき蒸発潜熱が奪われるため低圧飽和温度まで低下し、図４の点Ｆの温度となる。この点Ｆの温度が上記検出温度Ｔ２となり、図４の等温線ｈ上に存在する。従って、このときの検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔ２の温度差は、等温線ｄと等温線ｈの温度差ΔＴｎ１（≫ΔＴｍ１、ΔＴｍ２）となる。
【００３３】
同様に圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面Ｈ以下であって、外気温が非常に低く、且つ圧縮機２０から連通管３２へ流入する冷媒量が少ない場合には、連通管３２に流入してから冷却装置３３に至るまでに、冷媒の温度は、例えば図４の点Ｇの温度まで著しく低下してしまう。しかし、この場合にも、この連通管３２内の冷媒は、冷却装置３３の作用で、例えば点Ｄの温度まで加熱され、この温度が検出温度Ｔ１となる。この点Ｄの温度まで加熱された連通管３２内の冷媒は、キャピラリチューブ３４の減圧作用で、等温線ｈ上の点Ｉの温度まで低下する。この点Ｉの温度が検出温度Ｔ２となる。従って、このときの検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔ２の温度差は、等温線ｅと等温線ｈとの温度差ΔＴｎ２（≫ΔＴｍ１、ΔＴｍ２）となる。
【００３４】
これらの結果、検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔ２との温度差が、上述の温度差ΔＴｍ１、ΔＴｍ２の如く小さい場合には、圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面Ｈ以上で、圧縮機２０内に「潤滑油有り」と判断でき検出できる。また、検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔ２との温度差が、上述の温度差ΔＴｎ１、ΔＴｎ２の如く大きい場合には、圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の油面が検出基準面Ｈ以下で、圧縮機２０内に「潤滑油無し」と判断でき検出できる。上記温度差ΔＴｍ１、ΔＴｍ２と温度差ΔＴｎ１、ΔＴｎ２との温度差が大きなことから、検出誤差が少なく、圧縮機２０内での潤滑油の有無の検出が正確となる。
【００３５】
従って、上記実施の形態によれば、次の効果▲１▼及び▲２▼を奏する。
【００３６】
▲１▼圧縮機２０の底部３１から連通管３２を経て吸込管３０へ流れる流体を、圧縮機２０から吐出されたガス冷媒を凝縮する室外熱交換器２４または室内熱交換器１８からの液冷媒を用いて冷却装置３３が冷却し、キャピラリチューブ３４が減圧し、第１温度センサ３８による検出温度Ｔ１と第２温度センサ３９による検出温度Ｔ２との温度差を、圧縮機２０内に潤滑油が検出基準面Ｈ以上ある場合（温度差ΔＴｍ１、ΔＴｍ２）とない場合（温度差ΔＴｎ１、ΔＴｎ２）とで比較することによって、連通管３２内の流体の大部分が潤滑油であるか冷媒であるかを判断し、これにより、圧縮機２０内に潤滑油が検出基準面Ｈ以上あるか否かを検出することから、圧縮機２０内での潤滑油の有無を正確に検出できる。
【００３７】
▲２▼圧縮機２０の底部３１と吸込管３０とを連通する連通管３２にキャピラリチューブ３４が配設されたことから、このキャピラリチューブ３４の上流側の連通管３２内における流体圧力を適正に確保できるので、圧縮機２０の能力低下を防止できる。
【００３８】
以上、本発明を上記実施の形態に基づいて説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【００３９】
例えば、図１に示すように、連通管３２において冷却装置３３と第１温度センサ３８との間に開閉弁（電磁弁）４１を設けてもよい。この開閉弁４１は、所定間隔（例えば１０分間に１回）で適宜時間開弁され、開弁時に圧縮機２０から連通管３２内へ流入した潤滑油や冷媒が、閉弁時に冷却装置３３の空間３６内に貯溜可能とされる。
【００４０】
従って、圧縮機２０から連通管３２内へ液冷媒が流入した場合にも、この液冷媒は、冷却装置３３内で室外冷媒配管１９（内管）を流れる液冷媒により確実に熱交換されて冷却され、図４に示す飽和液線Ｘと飽和ガス線Ｙとで囲まれた領域内の温度となる。この温度が検出温度Ｔ１となる。このため、開閉弁４１が開弁された時に、キャピラリチューブ３４の減圧作用で、このキャピラリチューブ３４内に至った液冷媒は低圧飽和温度（等温線ｈ上の温度）まで低下し、この温度が検出温度Ｔ２となる。この結果、この場合にも、検出温度Ｔ１と検出温度Ｔ２との温度差を大きくできるので、圧縮機２０内の潤滑油の有無の検出精度を向上させることができる。
【００４１】
また、圧縮機２０と吸込管３０とを連通する連通管３２に、所定間隔で開弁される開閉弁４１が設置されたので、この開閉弁４１の閉弁時に圧縮機２０の高圧状態が良好に確保されて、圧縮機２０の能力低下を防止できる。
【００４２】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る圧縮機の油面検出方法および油面検出装置によれば、圧縮機内の油面を正確に検出できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は、本発明に係る圧縮機の油面検出装置が適用された空気調和装置を示す系統図である。
【図２】図１の圧縮機の油面検出装置を示す回路図である。
【図３】図２のIII-III線に沿う断面図である。
【図４】図１の空気調和装置の冷凍サイクルを示す圧力（Ｐ）‐エンタルピ（ｈ）線図である。
【符号の説明】
１８室内熱交換器
２４室外熱交換器
２０圧縮機
３０吸込管
３１底部
３２連通管
３３冷却装置
３４キャピラリチューブ（減圧装置）
３８第１温度センサ
３９第２温度センサ
４０圧縮機の油面検出装置
４１開閉弁
Ｔ１検出温度
Ｔ２検出温度
Ｈ検出基準面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oil level detection method and apparatus for a compressor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an air conditioner, particularly an air conditioner having a plurality of compressors, the lubricating oil discharged together with the refrigerant from each compressor flows through the same refrigerant circuit and is returned to each compressor. In some cases, the amount of lubricating oil in each compressor becomes non-uniform.
[0003]
For this reason, in such an air conditioner, an oil level detection device that detects the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor is installed so that the amount of lubricating oil in each compressor can be properly maintained. There is.
[0004]
As the above-described oil level detection device, a float type oil level detection device and a temperature type oil level detection device as described in JP-A-6-323645 have been proposed. This temperature-type oil level detection device detects the temperature of the fluid flowing in the detection pipe and detects that the fluid is a gas refrigerant and the amount of lubricating oil in the compressor is low when the temperature drops significantly. it can.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the float type oil level detection device, there is a risk that the detection accuracy may decrease due to problems such as roundness, thickness, processing accuracy, etc. of the float.
[0006]
Further, in the temperature type oil level detection device, the difference in detection temperature is small, and therefore, the accuracy of detection of the oil level may be lowered in this case as well.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide an oil level detection method and apparatus for a compressor that can accurately detect the oil level in the compressor in view of the above-described circumstances.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluid containing refrigerant or lubricating oil flowing from the bottom of the compressor to a suction pipe connected to the compressor through a communication pipe, and a liquid in which gas refrigerant from the compressor is condensed. A cooling device that cools using the refrigerant cools, and this cooling device functions when the fluid contains the refrigerant and promotes liquefaction of the refrigerant, and then the decompression device decompresses the pressure in the communication pipe on the downstream side of the cooling device. Find the difference between the fluid temperature and the fluid temperature in the communication pipe on the downstream side of the decompression device, and the difference between the difference and the temperature difference ΔTm1, ΔTm2 that occurs when the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor is above the detection reference plane By comparing the temperature differences ΔTn1 and ΔTn2 that occur in this case, it is determined whether most of the fluid in the communication pipe is lubricating oil or refrigerant, and the lubricating oil relative to the detection reference surface in the compressor is determined. Detect faces It is characterized in.
[0010]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the bottom of the compressor and the suction pipe connected to the compressor are communicated with each other using a communication pipe for flowing a fluid containing a refrigerant or lubricating oil. An apparatus is sequentially provided along the downstream toward the suction pipe, and the cooling apparatus guides the liquid refrigerant from the heat exchanger that condenses the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor to cool the fluid in the communication pipe. and, the cooling device prompts the liquefaction of the refrigerant to be functioning if containing the fluid refrigerant, the above-mentioned communicating pipe, a first temperature sensor downstream of the cooling device, the second temperature sensor downstream of the pressure reducing device This occurs when the difference between the fluid temperatures in the communication pipes that are installed and detected by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor is obtained and the difference and the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor are equal to or greater than the detection reference plane. Temperature difference ΔTm1, ΔTm2, and The difference in temperature ΔTn1, ΔTn2 that occurs in the case of the engine is determined to determine whether most of the fluid in the communication pipe is lubricating oil or refrigerant, and the lubricating oil relative to the detection reference surface in the compressor is determined. The oil level is configured to be detected.
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, the pressure reducing device is a capillary tube.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein an on-off valve is disposed on the downstream side of the cooling device, and the on-off valve is appropriately opened at a predetermined interval. It is characterized by this. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any of the second to fourth aspects, the compressor side of the communication pipe is bifurcated, and the oil level in the compressor is vertically above and below the detection reference plane. Each of the compressors is connected to the compressor at a position.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an air conditioner to which an oil level detection device for a compressor according to the present invention is applied.
[0016]
The air conditioner 10 includes an outdoor unit 11 and an indoor unit 12, and is configured by connecting an outdoor refrigerant pipe 19 of the outdoor unit 11 and an indoor refrigerant pipe 16 of the indoor unit 12. Moreover, the below-mentioned compressor 20 with which the said outdoor unit 11 is provided is not single, but several are installed in parallel.
[0017]
The indoor unit 12 is configured by arranging an indoor expansion valve 17 and an indoor heat exchanger 18 in an indoor refrigerant pipe 16, and the opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 17 is adjusted according to the air conditioning load. An indoor fan 22 that blows air to the indoor heat exchanger 18 is disposed adjacent to the indoor heat exchanger 18.
[0018]
In the outdoor unit 11, a compressor 20 is disposed in the outdoor refrigerant pipe 19, an accumulator 21 is disposed on the suction side of the compressor 20, a four-way valve 23 is disposed on the discharge side, and further, the four-way valve 23. An outdoor heat exchanger 24, an outdoor expansion valve 25, and a receiver tank 27 are sequentially arranged in the outdoor refrigerant pipe 19 on the side. The outdoor opening of the outdoor expansion valve 25 is adjusted according to the air conditioning load. In addition, an outdoor fan 26 that blows air to the outdoor heat exchanger 24 is disposed adjacent to the outdoor heat exchanger 24.
[0019]
By switching the four-way valve 23, the air conditioner 10 is set to a cooling operation or a heating operation.
[0020]
That is, when the four-way valve 23 is switched to the cooling side, the refrigerant flows as indicated by the solid arrow α, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 20 of the outdoor unit 11 reaches the outdoor heat exchanger 24 through the four-way valve 23, It is condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 24, reaches the indoor unit 12 through the outdoor expansion valve 25 and the receiver tank 27, is decompressed through the indoor expansion valve 17, and is evaporated in the indoor heat exchanger 18 to cool the room. The refrigerant from the indoor heat exchanger 18 flows into the outdoor unit 11 and is returned to the compressor 20 through the four-way valve 23 and the accumulator 21 of the outdoor unit 11.
[0021]
Further, when the four-way valve 23 is switched to the heating side, the refrigerant flows as indicated by a broken line arrow β, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 20 of the outdoor unit 11 reaches the indoor unit 12 via the four-way valve 23, and this indoor unit 12 indoor heat exchangers 18 condense and heat the room. The refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger 18 flows into the outdoor unit 11 through the indoor expansion valve 17, is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 25 through the receiver tank 27, is evaporated in the outdoor heat exchanger 24, and then It returns to the compressor 20 through the valve 23 and the accumulator 21.
[0022]
The suction pipe 30 in the outdoor refrigerant pipe 19 from which the refrigerant (gas refrigerant) is returned to the compressor 20 from the indoor heat exchanger 18 or the outdoor heat exchanger 24 functioning as an evaporator, and the compressor 20 is connected to the communication pipe 32. Communicated at As shown in FIG. 2, the compressor 20 side of the communication pipe 32 is bifurcated, one connected to the bottom 31 of the compressor 20 and the other connected to a substantially central position in the vertical direction of the compressor 20.
[0023]
In the communication pipe 32, a cooling device 33 and a capillary tube 34 as a decompression device are sequentially arranged on the downstream side from the junction to the suction pipe 30.
[0024]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cooling device 33 has a double pipe structure, and the inner pipe is the outdoor refrigerant pipe 19. The communication pipe 32 is connected to a space 36 surrounded by the inner pipe (outdoor refrigerant pipe 19) and the outer pipe 35. Therefore, when the refrigerant in the compressor 20 that flows into the communication pipe 32 or the lubricating oil for lubricating the compressor 20 flows through the communication pipe 32 and reaches the cooling device 33, the cooling device 33 acts as follows. While flowing through the space 36, the heat is exchanged with the liquid refrigerant condensed by the outdoor heat exchanger 24 (in the case of cooling operation) or the indoor heat exchanger 18 (in the case of heating operation), and is cooled.
[0025]
Thereafter, the refrigerant or lubricating oil that has flowed into the communication pipe 32 is decompressed by the action of the capillary tube 34 and returned to the suction pipe 30. The capillary tube 34 has a heat insulating structure.
[0026]
In the communication pipe 32, a first temperature sensor 38 is installed on the downstream side of the cooling device 33, and a second temperature sensor 39 is installed on the downstream side of the capillary tube 34. The first temperature sensor 38 and the second temperature sensor 39 detect the temperature of the fluid (that is, the refrigerant and the lubricating oil) that flows in the communication pipe 32.
[0027]
The above-described communication pipe 32, cooling device 33, capillary tube 34, first temperature sensor 38, and second temperature sensor 39 are provided to constitute a compressor oil level detection device 40.
[0028]
The detected temperatures T1 and T2 of the fluid in the communication pipe 32 detected by the first temperature sensor 38 and the second temperature sensor 39 will be described next.
[0029]
When the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is equal to or greater than the detection reference plane H, most of the fluid in the communication pipe 32 becomes the lubricating oil. In this case, since the lubricating oil has a large heat capacity, the temperature drop by the cooling device 33 is small, and it is not affected by the pressure reduction by the capillary tube 34. For this reason, the detection temperature T1 detected by the first temperature sensor 38 becomes the temperature at point B in FIG. Since the point B is on the isotherm b and the point C is on the isotherm c, the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T2 is the temperature difference ΔTm1 between the isotherm b and the isotherm c.
[0030]
The temperature at point A in FIG. 4 is the fluid temperature in the communication pipe 32 when it starts to flow from the compressor 20 into the communication pipe 32, and exists on the isotherm a. Further, a point D in FIG. 4 is the temperature of the liquid refrigerant flowing in the inner pipe (outdoor refrigerant pipe 19) of the cooling device 33, and exists on the isotherm e.
[0031]
Similarly, the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is equal to or higher than the detection reference plane H, the outside air temperature is very low, and the difference between the high pressure and the low pressure of the refrigerant in the air conditioner 10 is small. When the amount of the lubricating oil flowing into the communication pipe 32 is small, the temperature of the lubricating oil is remarkably lowered from the flow into the communication pipe 32 until the cooling device 33 is reached. The temperature at that time falls to, for example, the temperature of the point G on the isotherm g. However, the lubricating oil in the communication pipe 32 is heated to the temperature of the point D by the action of the cooling device 33. The temperature at this point D becomes the detected temperature T1. The lubricating oil in the communication pipe 32 is cooled by natural heat dissipation in the capillary tube 34 and becomes the temperature of the point H on the isotherm f, and this temperature becomes the detection temperature T2. Therefore, the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T at this time is a temperature difference ΔTm2 between the isotherm e and the isotherm f.
[0032]
When the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is equal to or less than the detection reference plane H, most of the fluid in the communication pipe 32 becomes the refrigerant. Since this refrigerant has a remarkably small flow rate compared with the liquid refrigerant flowing in the inner pipe (outdoor refrigerant pipe 19) of the cooling device 33, the operation of the cooling device 33 causes the saturated liquid line X and the saturated gas line Y of FIG. And is cooled and liquefied to a temperature close to the point D, and the temperature becomes the temperature of the point E existing on the isotherm d. This temperature becomes the detected temperature T1 by the first temperature sensor 38. This refrigerant is then depressurized by the capillary tube 34, and at this time, the latent heat of vaporization is lost, so that the refrigerant is lowered to the low pressure saturation temperature and becomes the temperature at point F in FIG. The temperature at this point F becomes the detected temperature T2 and exists on the isotherm h in FIG. Accordingly, the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T2 at this time is a temperature difference ΔTn1 (>> ΔTm1, ΔTm2) between the isotherm d and the isotherm h.
[0033]
Similarly, when the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is equal to or lower than the detection reference plane H, the outside air temperature is very low, and the amount of refrigerant flowing from the compressor 20 into the communication pipe 32 is small, the communication pipe The temperature of the refrigerant significantly decreases to the temperature at point G in FIG. However, also in this case, the refrigerant in the communication pipe 32 is heated to, for example, the temperature of the point D by the action of the cooling device 33, and this temperature becomes the detected temperature T1. The refrigerant in the communication pipe 32 heated to the temperature of the point D is lowered to the temperature of the point I on the isotherm h by the pressure reducing action of the capillary tube 34. The temperature at this point I becomes the detected temperature T2. Accordingly, the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T2 at this time is a temperature difference ΔTn2 (>> ΔTm1, ΔTm2) between the isotherm e and the isotherm h.
[0034]
As a result, when the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T2 is as small as the above-described temperature differences ΔTm1 and ΔTm2, the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is equal to or greater than the detection reference surface H and compressed. It can be detected because it can be determined that “the lubricating oil is present” in the machine 20. When the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T2 is as large as the above-described temperature differences ΔTn1 and ΔTn2, the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is equal to or less than the detection reference surface H, and the compressor 20 It can be detected because it can be determined that there is no lubricant. Since the temperature difference between the temperature differences ΔTm1 and ΔTm2 and the temperature differences ΔTn1 and ΔTn2 is large, the detection error is small, and the presence or absence of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 is accurately detected.
[0035]
Therefore, according to the above embodiment, the following effects (1) and (2) are achieved.
[0036]
(1) The liquid refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 24 or the indoor heat exchanger 18 that condenses the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 20 from the bottom 31 of the compressor 20 through the communication pipe 32 to the suction pipe 30. Is used to cool the cooling device 33, the pressure of the capillary tube 34 is reduced, and the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 detected by the first temperature sensor 38 and the detected temperature T2 detected by the second temperature sensor 39 is determined. Whether most of the fluid in the communication pipe 32 is lubricating oil or refrigerant by comparing with the detection reference plane H (temperature difference ΔTm1, ΔTm2) and without (temperature difference ΔTn1, ΔTn2). Accordingly, it is detected whether or not the lubricating oil is in the compressor 20 above the detection reference plane H, so that the presence or absence of the lubricating oil in the compressor 20 can be accurately detected.
[0037]
(2) Since the capillary tube 34 is disposed in the communication pipe 32 that communicates the bottom 31 of the compressor 20 and the suction pipe 30, the fluid pressure in the communication pipe 32 on the upstream side of the capillary tube 34 is appropriately adjusted. Since it can ensure, the capability fall of the compressor 20 can be prevented.
[0038]
As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on the said embodiment, this invention is not limited to this.
[0039]
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, an open / close valve (electromagnetic valve) 41 may be provided between the cooling device 33 and the first temperature sensor 38 in the communication pipe 32. The on-off valve 41 is opened at appropriate intervals at a predetermined interval (for example, once every 10 minutes). When the valve is opened, the lubricating oil or refrigerant that has flowed into the communication pipe 32 from the compressor 20 is opened. Storage in the space 36 is possible.
[0040]
Therefore, even when the liquid refrigerant flows from the compressor 20 into the communication pipe 32, the liquid refrigerant is reliably heat-exchanged and cooled by the liquid refrigerant flowing in the outdoor refrigerant pipe 19 (inner pipe) in the cooling device 33. The temperature in the region surrounded by the saturated liquid line X and the saturated gas line Y shown in FIG. This temperature becomes the detection temperature T1. For this reason, when the on-off valve 41 is opened, the pressure of the capillary tube 34 reduces the liquid refrigerant that has reached the capillary tube 34 to a low-pressure saturation temperature (temperature on the isotherm h). The detected temperature T2. As a result, also in this case, since the temperature difference between the detected temperature T1 and the detected temperature T2 can be increased, the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of lubricating oil in the compressor 20 can be improved.
[0041]
In addition, since the open / close valve 41 that opens at a predetermined interval is provided in the communication pipe 32 that communicates the compressor 20 and the suction pipe 30, the high pressure state of the compressor 20 is good when the open / close valve 41 is closed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the capacity of the compressor 20.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the compressor oil level detection method and the oil level detection device of the present invention , the oil level in the compressor can be accurately detected.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an air conditioner to which an oil level detection device for a compressor according to the present invention is applied.
2 is a circuit diagram showing an oil level detection device of the compressor of FIG. 1; FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
4 is a pressure (P) -enthalpy (h) diagram showing a refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner of FIG. 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
18 Indoor Heat Exchanger 24 Outdoor Heat Exchanger 20 Compressor 30 Suction Pipe 31 Bottom 32 Communication Pipe 33 Cooling Device 34 Capillary Tube (Decompression Device)
38 1st temperature sensor 39 2nd temperature sensor 40 Oil level detection device 41 of compressor On-off valve T1 Detection temperature T2 Detection temperature H Detection reference plane

Claims

A cooling device that cools a fluid containing refrigerant or lubricating oil flowing from the bottom of the compressor through a communication pipe to a suction pipe connected to the compressor using a liquid refrigerant in which a gas refrigerant from the compressor is condensed. Cooling, this cooling device works when the fluid contains a refrigerant to promote liquefaction of the refrigerant, and then the decompression device depressurizes,
When the difference between the fluid temperature in the communication pipe on the downstream side of the cooling device and the fluid temperature in the communication pipe on the downstream side of the decompression device is obtained, and the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor is greater than the detection reference plane By comparing the temperature difference ΔTm1, ΔTm2 occurring in the case with the temperature difference ΔTn1, ΔTn2 occurring in the absence, it is determined whether most of the fluid in the communication pipe is lubricating oil or refrigerant, and the compression An oil level detection method for a compressor, comprising: detecting an oil level of a lubricating oil relative to a detection reference plane in the machine.

The bottom of the compressor and a suction pipe connected to the compressor are communicated with each other using a communication pipe that flows a fluid containing a refrigerant or lubricating oil, and a cooling device and a decompression device are connected downstream of the communication pipe to the suction pipe. In order,
The cooling device guides the liquid refrigerant from the heat exchanger that condenses the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor to cool the fluid in the communication pipe, and the cooling device functions when the fluid contains the refrigerant. To liquefy the refrigerant,
The communication pipe is provided with a first temperature sensor downstream of the cooling device and a second temperature sensor downstream of the decompression device, and the fluid in the communication pipe detected by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor. By obtaining the temperature difference and comparing the difference with the temperature difference ΔTm1, ΔTm2 that occurs when the oil level of the lubricating oil in the compressor is greater than or equal to the detection reference surface, and the temperature difference ΔTn1, ΔTn2 that occurs when there is not, A compressor configured to detect whether most of the fluid in the communication pipe is lubricating oil or refrigerant, and to detect the oil level of the lubricating oil with respect to the detection reference surface in the compressor. Oil level detector.

The oil level detection device for a compressor according to claim 2, wherein the decompression device is a capillary tube.

The oil level detection device for a compressor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein an on-off valve is disposed downstream of the cooling device, and the on-off valve is appropriately opened at a predetermined interval. .

The compressor side of the communication pipe is bifurcated and connected to the compressor in a vertical position with respect to a detection reference plane of the oil level in the compressor. The oil level detection apparatus of the compressor as described in 2.