JP4277805B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring blood viscosity - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring a viscosity characteristic of blood by dropping a plurality of falling bodies having different densities in blood and measuring the falling end velocity or falling acceleration.

  In recent years, there has been much interest in the viscosity of human blood. For example, it is generally considered that “dull blood” is in a poor health state, and many foods and ingredients that are effective in making this “smooth blood” are introduced in newspapers and television. If such a viscosity characteristic of blood can be grasped, it is said that a blood disease can be predicted or a disease can be detected at an early stage.

  Conventionally, as a device for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, a falling-body viscosity measuring device that obtains the viscosity of a fluid by measuring the falling end velocity of a cylindrical falling body that falls in a cylindrical container filled with fluid is known ( Patent Document 1). This falling body type viscosity measuring apparatus includes a plurality of cylindrical falling bodies having different densities, a detecting means for detecting a falling terminal velocity Ut of the cylindrical falling body falling in a fluid as a measurement object, and a density of the cylindrical falling body A line that satisfies the distribution of coordinates obtained for each cylindrical fallen body using the density difference (ρs−ρf) between ρs and the density ρf of the fluid to be measured and the fall termination velocity Ut of the cylindrical fallen body as coordinate axes. Computing means for calculating a flow curve of a fluid to be measured using a constitutive equation corresponding to the fluid, specifying a fluid type from a fluid flow curve approximating the line segment, Yes. As the columnar falling body, a falling body having a configuration in which a magnet and a weight are accommodated in this order from the bottom side in a thin cylindrical glass tube is used.

According to this viscosity measuring apparatus, a plurality of cylindrical falling bodies having different densities are dropped into a fluid as an object to be measured, and the drop termination speed Ut is measured for each cylindrical falling body. A line segment satisfying the distribution of coordinates obtained for each cylindrical falling body with the density difference (ρs−ρf) from the density ρf of the fluid to be measured and the falling end velocity Ut of the cylindrical falling body as coordinate axes. The viscosity of the fluid to be measured can be obtained by specifying the type of fluid from the fluid flow curve that approximates the line segment and using the constitutive equation of the fluid (see Patent Document 1).
JP-A-8-219973 (Claims, paragraph 0047, FIG. 5)

  However, when trying to measure the viscosity of human blood using the conventional falling body type viscosity measuring apparatus, there are the following problems. That is, there is a problem that blood components tend to stick to the surface of the cylindrical fallen body, which makes it impossible to measure blood viscosity with high accuracy.

  In order to measure the viscosity of blood, it is necessary to collect blood from the body of an animal such as a human. However, taking into account the burden on the body, it is required to reduce the amount of blood collected as much as possible. As a device for measuring viscosity, it is desirable that the viscosity can be measured with a small amount of blood with high accuracy. However, in the conventional falling body viscosity measuring device, a relatively large amount of sample liquid is used for viscosity measurement. I needed it.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a technical background, and a first object thereof is to provide a blood viscosity measuring apparatus capable of measuring blood viscosity with high accuracy in a short time.

  A second object of the present invention is to provide a blood viscosity measuring device capable of measuring blood viscosity with high accuracy even when the amount of blood to be measured is small.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.

[1] A plurality of substantially needle-shaped falling bodies having different densities, a cylindrical measurement container, a launcher fixed to the upper side of the measurement container, and a dropping end speed of the substantially needle-shaped falling body falling in the measurement container or A blood viscosity measuring apparatus comprising: a detecting means for detecting a fall acceleration, wherein the substantially needle-like fallen body is a substantially needle-like body made of a synthetic resin in which a weight is enclosed.

  [2] The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to [1], wherein the synthetic resin constituting the substantially needle-like body is an olefin resin.

  [3] A small hole is provided in the center of the bottom surface of the measurement container, and the diameter of the small hole is set to be in a range larger than the outer diameter of the substantially needle-like falling body and 4 mm or less, and below the measurement container. 3. The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to 1 or 2 above, wherein a falling body recovery container is arranged in connection with the measurement container.

  [4] A metal weight is used as the weight in the substantially needle-like falling body, and a magnetic body is disposed at a position lower than a small hole on the bottom surface of the measurement container outside the measurement container. 4. The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to item 3 above, wherein the blood pressure measuring apparatus is configured to be able to urge the substantially needle-like falling body inserted into the small hole to drop downward by suction force.

  [5] The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to item 3 or 4, wherein the bottom surface of the measurement container is formed on an inclined surface that is inclined from top to bottom from a peripheral edge toward a small hole at the center.

  [6] The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the launcher is formed in a cylindrical shape, and one or more openings are formed in a part of the cylindrical launcher.

  [7] While a metal weight is used as the weight in the substantially needle-shaped falling body, the launcher is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the length of the cylindrical launcher is more than twice the length of the substantially needle-shaped falling body. 7. The blood viscosity measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 6, wherein a pair of magnetic force generation units are arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction outside the lower part of the cylindrical launcher.

  [8] The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 7, further comprising a stirring member that stirs the inside of the measurement container.

  [9] The agitation member includes an agitation part disposed in the measurement container, a grip part disposed outside the measurement container, and a connecting part that connects the grip part and the agitation part. 9. The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to item 8 above.

  [10] Any of the preceding items 1 to 9, wherein the measurement container is disposed in a thermostat, and a liquid such as water controlled to a predetermined temperature is sent to a space between the thermostat and the measurement container. The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 1.

[11] A method for determining the viscosity of blood by measuring the falling end velocity or the falling acceleration of a substantially needle-shaped falling body falling in a cylindrical measurement container filled with blood , A method for measuring the viscosity of blood, comprising using a substantially needle-shaped body made of a synthetic resin in which is enclosed.

  [12] The blood viscosity measuring method according to item 11, wherein the synthetic resin constituting the substantially needle-like body is an olefin resin.

In the invention of [1], a plurality of substantially needle-like falling bodies having different densities, a cylindrical measurement container, a launcher fixed to the upper side of the measurement container, and a substantially needle-like falling body falling in the measurement container Because it has detection means for detecting the fall end speed or fall acceleration, it detects the fall end speed or fall acceleration of each fallen body that falls in a measurement container filled with blood for multiple needle-like fallen bodies with different densities. By doing so, the viscosity of blood can be obtained in a short time. At this time, the substantially needle-like falling body is composed of a synthetic resin-like substantially needle-like body in which a weight is enclosed, so that blood does not stick to the surface of the substantially needle-like falling body, and thus the viscosity of the blood Measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

  In the invention of [2], since an olefin resin is used as a synthetic resin constituting a substantially needle-like body, it is possible to reliably prevent blood from sticking to the surface of the fallen body, thereby measuring blood viscosity. The accuracy can be further improved.

  In the invention of [3], since the diameter of the small hole is set to 4 mm or less, it is possible to prevent blood from flowing into the falling body recovery container from the measurement container, and the diameter of the small hole is substantially needle-shaped. Since it is set larger than the outer diameter of the fallen body, the small hole allows the passage of the substantially needle-like fallen body, and the fallen body can be recovered in a fallen body recovery container provided in connection with the measurement container under the measurement container. . In such a configuration in which no fallen body recovery container is provided, in order to increase the number of fallen bodies to be measured, a space for accommodating these fallen bodies is necessary in the measurement container, and thus the capacity of the measurement container is inevitably increased. However, it is difficult to measure the viscosity with a small amount of blood collected, but if this configuration is adopted, the measurement is completed even when the number of falling bodies is increased. Since the falling bodies can be sequentially collected in the falling body collection container, the viscosity can be measured with a small amount of collected blood. Further, when the fallen body falls from the measurement container into the fallen body recovery container through the small hole, the gas (air, etc.) corresponding to the volume of the fallen body becomes a bubble from the fallen body recovery container and enters the measurement container through the small hole. . In this configuration, each time the falling body passes through the small hole on the bottom surface of the measurement container and is collected in the falling body recovery container, the bubble rises through the small hole. By floating in the container, the blood in the measurement container can be agitated, which can prevent the blood from separating over time and enable highly reproducible and accurate viscosity measurement. it can. Moreover, if a cleaning liquid is put in the fallen body recovery container, the fallen body can be immediately washed, and the fallen body can be reused.

  In the invention of [4], the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic body arranged at a position lower than the small hole on the bottom surface of the measurement container outside the measurement container is downward with respect to the substantially needle-like falling body inserted into the small hole. Can be energized to prevent the needle-like fallen body from being stagnated in the small hole.

  In the invention of [5], the bottom surface of the measurement container is formed in an inclined surface that inclines from top to bottom from the peripheral side toward the small hole in the center portion, so that it has a substantially needle shape that has fallen in the measurement container. The falling body can be guided and guided smoothly into the small hole in the bottom surface of the measurement container.

  In the invention of [6], since the launcher is formed in a cylindrical shape, the falling body can be dropped along the central axis of the cylindrical measuring container. Furthermore, since one or a plurality of openings are formed in a part of the cylindrical launcher, when a substantially needle-shaped falling body falls in the cylindrical launcher, blood goes out of the launcher from this opening. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the resistance when the substantially needle-shaped falling body falls within the launcher, and to shorten the time for the substantially needle-like falling body to pass through the launcher, thereby shortening the time required for viscosity measurement. it can.

  In the invention of [7], since the launcher is formed in a cylindrical shape, the falling body can be dropped along the central axis of the cylindrical measuring container. In addition, two or more substantially needle-like falling bodies can be loaded on the cylindrical launcher. At this time, by controlling the magnetic field generation of the pair of magnetic force generation units, for example, the pair of magnetic force generation units When one of the magnetic force generation units generates a magnetic field, the other magnetic force generation unit switches to a state in which no magnetic field is generated, so that a plurality of substantially needle-shaped falling bodies loaded in the cylindrical launcher are progressing in viscosity measurement. It can be dropped into the measuring container in order. In this way, it is possible to construct a control system capable of automatically dropping a plurality of substantially needle-shaped falling bodies loaded in the cylindrical launcher (instead of sequentially dropping by hand), so that the time required for measuring blood viscosity can be reduced. There is an advantage that it can be greatly shortened.

  In the invention of [8], the inside of the measurement container can be stirred by the stirring member. Therefore, for example, after dropping one fallen body and measuring the falling end velocity or fall acceleration of the fallen body, and stirring the inside of the measurement container with the stirring member before dropping the next fallen body, It is possible to prevent the tendency to separate and to perform highly accurate viscosity measurement with good reproducibility.

  In the invention of [9], the stirring member includes a stirring portion disposed in the measurement container, a grip portion disposed outside the measurement container, and a connecting portion that connects the grip portion and the stirring portion. Therefore, the blood in the measurement container can be sufficiently stirred by moving the gripping part up and down by hand or the like, and the stirring part is moved up and down accordingly. There is an advantage that the blood can be sufficiently stirred.

  In the invention of [10], the measurement container is arranged in a thermostat, and a liquid such as water controlled to a predetermined temperature is sent to the space between the thermostat and the measurement container. It is possible to measure the viscosity of blood under the temperature conditions of

According to the invention (measurement method) of [11], since a substantially needle-like body made of synthetic resin in which a weight is enclosed is used as a substantially needle-like body that drops inside a measurement container filled with blood, The blood does not stick to the surface of the falling body, and therefore the blood viscosity can be measured with high accuracy.

  In the invention of [12], since an olefin resin is used as a synthetic resin constituting a substantially needle-like body, it is possible to reliably prevent blood from sticking to the surface of the fallen body, thereby measuring blood viscosity. The accuracy can be further improved.

  One Embodiment of the blood viscosity measuring apparatus (1) based on this invention is shown to FIGS. In FIG. 1, (2) is a substantially needle-shaped falling body, and (10) is an apparatus main body.

The substantially needle-like fallen body (2) consists of a substantially needle-like body (11) made of synthetic resin in which a weight (12) having a density of 1.0 or more is enclosed. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a substantially needle-shaped member with metals made of the weight (12) is disposed inside the bottomed cylindrical synthetic resin substantially needle-shaped member (11) (11 A substantially needle-like fallen body (2) is used in which a cap (13) is fitted to the upper opening end.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus main body (10) includes a measurement container (3), a launcher (4), and detection means (5).

  The measurement container (3) is a bottomed cylindrical container. A small hole (24) is formed at the center of the bottom surface of the measurement container (3), and the bottom surface of the measurement container (3) is directed from the top to the bottom from the peripheral edge toward the small hole (24) at the center. It forms in the inclined surface (25) which inclines (refer FIG. 1). The diameter of the small hole (24) is set larger than the outer diameter of the substantially needle-like falling body (2) and is set to 4 mm or less. By setting the diameter of the small hole (24) to 4 mm or less in this way, it is possible to effectively prevent blood in the measurement container (3) from dropping through the small hole (24). Can be prevented.

  A cylindrical fallen body recovery container (6) is disposed below the measurement container (3) so as to be connected to the measurement container (3). The lower end of the falling body recovery container (6) is fitted into a cylindrical projection (17a) provided at the center of the upper surface of the base (17) whose outer shape is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, and is thus fitted. A cylindrical falling body recovery container (6) is erected on the base part (17), and the cylindrical measurement container (3) is extended upward from the upper end of the falling body recovery container (6). Yes. Further, a cylindrical thermostat (8) is disposed in a state of being separated from these (6) and (3) so as to surround the outer periphery of the falling body recovery container (6) and the measurement container (3). The lower end of is fitted and fixed in an internally fitted state in a fitting hole provided in the center of the upper surface of the base portion (17).

  A substantially plate-shaped lid (18) is attached and fixed to the upper end of the measurement container (3), and the upper end of the measurement container (3) and the upper end of the constant temperature bath (8) are fixed by the lid (18). Is sealed. An attachment hole is formed in the center of the lid (18), and a cylindrical launcher (4) is inserted and fixed in the attachment hole. This launcher (4) is a member for guiding the falling body (2) to fall vertically along the central axis of the measurement container (3), and the inner diameter of the launcher (4) is substantially a needle-like body. The size is set to allow passage of (2).

  A drain port (22) is provided on the upper end side of the thermostatic chamber (8). Further, a water inlet (21) is provided on a side surface of the base portion (17), and the water inlet (21) communicates with a fitting hole in a central portion of the upper surface of the base portion (17). Thus, the liquid such as water supplied to the water inlet (21) on the side surface of the base portion (17) is a gap between the thermostat (8) and the falling body recovery container (6), and further the thermostat. After sequentially passing through the gap between (8) and the measurement container (3), the water exits from the drain (22) and returns to the constant temperature control unit (not shown). In this constant temperature control unit, a liquid such as water is controlled at a constant temperature by a heating device or the like. The liquid such as water returned to the constant temperature control unit is adjusted to a predetermined temperature here, and then supplied again to the water inlet (21) on the side surface of the base (17). By circulating, the temperature of the blood in the measurement container (3) can be kept constant.

  The lid (18) is provided with a through hole (20) penetrating in the vertical direction. As a result, the internal space of the measurement container (3) and the external atmosphere are in communication with each other through the through hole (20), so that the falling container (2) passes through the launcher (4). (3) Gas such as air existing in the upper space inside can be released to the outside atmosphere through the through hole (20), and the resistance when the falling body (2) passes through the launcher (4). The falling body (2) can be smoothly dropped in the launcher (4).

  A plurality of openings (23) are formed on the lower end side of the launcher (4). In the present embodiment, slit-shaped openings (23) in which the axial direction extends in the vertical direction are formed (see FIG. 3). The opening (23) provided in the launcher (4) may be formed in a plurality of small hole shapes as shown in FIG. 4 (a), or an axis line as shown in FIG. 4 (b). The direction may be formed in a slit-shaped notch along the vertical direction.

  A stirring member (7) is disposed inside the measurement container (3). The stirring member (7) includes a stirring section (14) disposed in the measurement container (3), a gripping section (15) disposed outside the measurement container (3), and the gripping section (15). The connecting part (16) which connects the said stirring part (14) is provided. The stirring portion (14) is formed in a spring shape (spring shape). The blood in the measurement container (3) can be sufficiently stirred by moving the gripping part (15) up and down by hand or the like, and the stirring part (14) moving up and down accordingly. When the falling body (2) is dropped, as shown in FIG. 5, the spring-like stirring section (14) is moved upward to form a ring between the lower end of the launcher (4) and the measurement container (3). Place it in a state of being stored in a space. Thereby, the influence on the viscosity measurement due to the presence of the stirring section (14) can be prevented, and the viscosity measurement with high accuracy can be performed.

  A magnetic body (30) is disposed at a position lower than the small hole (24) on the bottom surface of the measurement container (3) outside the measurement container (3), that is, outside the thermostat (8) (FIG. 1). reference). By disposing such a magnetic body (30), the fall of the fallen body (2) inserted into the small hole (24) is urged downward by the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic body (30). Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the falling body (2) from staying in the small hole (24) on the bottom surface of the measurement container (3).

  Detecting means (5) for detecting the falling end velocity of the substantially needle-like falling body (2) falling inside the measuring container (3) outside the intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction (height direction) of the measuring container (3) Is arranged. In this embodiment, a pair of magnetic sensors (5A) (5B) and a measuring device (5C) are used as the detection means (5). That is, the upper magnetic sensor (5A) is disposed at a position that is equally divided by the height of the measurement container (3) or in the vicinity thereof, while the lower magnetic sensor (5B) is the upper magnetic sensor (5A). It is arranged at a lower position and at a predetermined interval from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) (see FIG. 1). The measuring device (5C) is a device that measures the time from receiving the detection signal from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) until receiving the detection signal from the lower magnetic sensor (5B). By this measuring device (5C), the time required for the falling body (2) to drop from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) can be obtained for each falling body (2). it can.

  Thus, an example of a blood viscosity measuring method using the blood viscosity measuring apparatus (1) having the above configuration will be described. First, the constant temperature control unit connected to the constant temperature bath (8) is set in an operating state, and a liquid such as water adjusted to a predetermined temperature is allowed to flow into the constant temperature bath (8). The stirring portion (14) of the stirring member (7) is moved up so that the stirring portion (14) is housed in the annular space between the lower end portion of the launcher (4) and the measurement container (3) (FIG. 5).

  Next, blood is collected, and the collected blood is immediately put into the measurement container (3). At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, it is desirable that the upper surface of the input blood (60) is filled up to the lower end of the launcher (4). In the present embodiment, air (61) exists in the internal space of the falling body recovery container (6) below the measurement container (3). Since the collected blood starts to clot in about 200 to 240 seconds, the following operation is performed as quickly as possible.

  Next, the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) is put into the launcher (4), and the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) is dropped into the measurement container (3). At this time, since it is inserted through the launcher (4), the fallen body (29) can be dropped along the central axis of the cylindrical measurement container (3) (see FIG. 5). When the falling body (2) passes the upper magnetic sensor (5A), the measuring device (5C) receives a detection signal from the upper magnetic sensor (5A), and then the falling body (2) is moved to the lower magnetic sensor (5B). ), The measuring device (5C) receives a detection signal from the lower magnetic sensor (5B), so that the measuring device (5C) causes the falling body (2) to move from the upper magnetic sensor (5A). The time required to drop to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) is calculated.

  The falling body (2) further falls in the measurement container (3) and reaches the small hole (24) on the bottom surface of the measurement container (3). At this time, since the bottom surface of the measurement container (3) is formed as an inclined surface inclined from top to bottom from the peripheral edge toward the small hole (24), the lower end of the falling body (2) is smoothly formed into the small hole. Guided and guided in (24).

  The falling body (2) that has entered the small hole (24) is urged to fall downward by the magnetic attractive force of the magnetic body (30), so the falling body (2) smoothly moves inside the small hole (24). And fall into the falling body collection container (6) (see FIG. 5). This completes the operation for the first fallen body (2).

  When the falling body (2) passes through the small hole (24) and is collected in the falling body recovery container (6), bubbles (air bubbles) corresponding to the volume of the falling body (2) pass through the small hole (24). The air (60) in the measurement container (3) is agitated when such bubbles rise in the measurement container (3). The size of the air bubbles rising at this time can be adjusted by the inclination angle of the inclined surface (25) of the bottom surface of the measurement container (3).

  Next, the holding part (15) of the stirring member (7) is held by hand and moved up and down to lower the stirring part (14) of the stirring member (7), and then moved up to again launcher (4). ) And the measurement container (3) in an annular space (see FIG. 5). Thus, the blood (60) in the measurement container (3) is further stirred by moving the stirring part (14) up and down in the measurement container (3).

  Next, another substantially needle-like fallen body (second substantially needle-like fallen body) having a density different from that of the first substantially needle-like fallen body is introduced into the launcher (4), and the substantially needle-like fallen body is placed in the measurement container (3). Drop (2). Hereinafter, in the same manner as described above, the time required for the falling body (2) to drop from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) is calculated by the measuring device (5C). The falling body (2) falls smoothly in the small hole (24) and falls into the falling body recovery container (6) (see FIG. 5). This completes the operation for the second fallen body (2).

  Hereinafter, the time required for the fallen body (2) to fall from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) is similarly applied to the third or more substantially needle-like fallen bodies (2). calculate. Thus, the time required for the falling body (2) to fall from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) is obtained for each falling body (2). The falling end speed Ut of each falling body (2) is calculated from the obtained time. That is, the falling end speed Ut of the plurality of falling bodies (2) having different densities is calculated.

  Next, a description will be given of a method for obtaining the viscosity characteristics using the fall end velocity Ut of each fallen body (2) obtained.

  FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a state when the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) is falling, and FIG. 9 shows the moving direction of the fluid (blood) that the falling substantially needle-like fallen body (2) pushes away. It is speed sectional drawing. 8 and 9, “L” is the length of the substantially needle-like body (2), “kR” is the radius of the substantially needle-like body (2), and “R” is the radius of the cylindrical measurement container (3). (50) is a micro-cylindrical shell as a fluid element around the falling body that is displaced by the falling falling body, “r” is the inner radius of the micro-cylindrical shell, “r + dr” is the outer radius of the micro-cylindrical shell, “ “L” is the length of the micro cylindrical shell.

The drop speed of the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) is as low as 0.1 × 10 ⁻³ m / s to 0.18 m / s, and between the fluid (blood) and the fallen body and between the fluid (blood) and the inner wall of the measurement container The fluid (blood) is incompressible, and the fluid (blood) filled in the cylindrical measurement container (3) under the condition (assuming that the flow in the tube is laminar) (assumed) When the needle-like falling body (2) falls at the center of the blood) at the falling end velocity Ut, as shown in FIG. 8, pressures p ₁ and p ₂ act on the upper and lower surfaces of the micro cylindrical shell (50), respectively. Shear stress τ and τ + dτ act on the inner surface and the outer surface, respectively. Moreover, since the fluid (blood) is moving at a constant velocity, the momentum increasing speed is zero. Therefore, the following relational expression <1> is established from the balance of forces acting on the micro cylindrical shell (50) at this time.

However, Δp = p ₁ −p ₂ (Δp <0).

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, since it is assumed that no slip occurs on the wall surface of the fallen body (2) and the inner wall surface of the measurement container (3), the following relational expression < 2> holds.

  Further, the amount of fluid (blood) that passes through the annular flow path formed between the wall surface of the falling body (2) and the inner wall surface of the measurement container (3) per unit time is the fluid (blood) that the falling body (2) pushes away. ), The following relational expression <3> holds.

  Furthermore, since gravity, buoyancy, pressure, and viscous force are balanced on the wall surface of the falling body (2), the following relational expression <4> is established.

  Formula (5) which is a constitutive equation of fluid (blood) (constitutive equation of Newtonian fluid) is combined with the above formulas <1> to <4>, whereby the viscosity, shear rate, and shear stress of fluid (blood) Etc. can be analyzed.

  In equation <5>, τ is the shear stress, γ (gamma) is the shear rate, and μ (mu) is the viscosity of the fluid (blood).

  The analysis procedure will be described in detail. First, the falling end velocity Ut calculated for each of the plurality of falling bodies (2) having different densities is plotted as the X axis and the density difference (ρs−ρf) is plotted as the Y axis. Ut)-(ρs-ρf) line segment is obtained. Note that “ρs” is the density of the substantially needle-like falling body, and “ρf” is the density of the fluid (blood). Since this (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) line segment and the fluid flow curve are similar, if the (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) line segment passes through the origin (0, 0), the Newtonian fluid , Pseudoplastic fluid or Dilatant fluid.

Here, in order to know the value of the flow index n, the constitutive equation τ = Kγ ⁿ of the Power Law fluid
Are substituted into the above formula <1> and formula <4>, respectively.

Equations <6> and <7> are obtained. Next, when formula <6> is made dimensionless and simply substituted into formula <7>,

Equation <8> is obtained, which shows the relationship between (ρs−ρf) and Ut. Where C ₁ is an integral constant.

  Next, in order to clarify the meaning of the flow index n, the logarithm of both sides of the formula <8> is taken,

Equation <9> is obtained. As apparent from the formula <9>, the flow index n represents the slope of a straight line obtained with log (Ut) as the X axis and log (ρs−ρf) as the Y axis. Taking the logarithm of (ρs−ρf) and examining the gradient of the line segment with the logarithm of the drop end velocity Ut and the logarithm of the density difference (ρs−ρf) as the coordinate axis, the type of fluid is clearly discriminated. Can do. That is, if it passes through the origin (0, 0) and the gradient is 1, it can be identified as a Newtonian fluid. Blood is a Newtonian fluid if it is in a state prior to clotting. Thus, by combining Formula <1> to <4> with Formula <5> which is a constitutive equation of Newtonian fluid, a fluid (blood) flow curve can be obtained, and viscosity, shear rate, shear stress, etc. The flow characteristics of can be analyzed.

  The “falling end velocity” is a velocity when a constant velocity falling motion is performed in the fluid. Further, whether or not the first line segment with the coordinate point of the drop end velocity Ut and the density difference (ρs−ρf) passes through the origin (0, 0) is a constant term of a function representing the first line segment. In addition to the case where 0 is 0, it is better to determine that those satisfying −0.07 ≦ (constant term) ≦ 0.07 pass through the origin (0, 0) in anticipation of calculation errors. This is statistically obtained from a number of experimental results. Further, when the first line segment substantially passes through the origin, and the second line segment having the logarithm of the drop end velocity Ut and the logarithm of the density difference (ρs−ρf) as a coordinate axis is substantially a straight line, When the gradient n of the line segment is 1, it can be determined that the fluid is a Newtonian fluid. At this time, if the gradient n satisfies 0.95 ≦ n ≦ 1.05, it is preferable to identify the fluid as a Newtonian fluid. This is based on the result of examining a large number of Newtonian fluids, and statistically, if the gradient n satisfies 0.95 ≦ n ≦ 1.05, it can be identified as a Newtonian fluid.

  Next, another embodiment of the blood viscosity measuring apparatus (1) according to the present invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the length of the cylindrical launcher (4) is set to be longer than that of the above-described embodiment, and four substantially needle-like falling bodies (2) (2) are formed in the cylindrical launcher (4). ) (2) (2) are loaded and arranged, and a pair of magnetic force generators (31) and (32) are arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction outside the lower part of the cylindrical launcher (4). In the present embodiment, the pair of magnetic force generators (31) and (32) can be switched to a state in which the other magnetic force generator does not generate a magnetic field when one of the magnetic force generators generates a magnetic field. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the upper magnetic force generator (31) is formed by winding a metal coil around the iron core (41), and the lower magnetic force generator (32). Consists of a metal coil wound around a rod-shaped permanent magnet (42). These coils are connected to a direct current power source (DC) (43) and a switch (44) is provided in the middle of the wiring. The provided configuration is adopted, and when one of the magnetic force generators generates a magnetic field by switching ON and OFF of the switch (44), the other magnetic force generator switches to a state in which no magnetic field is generated. Can do. Other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  In the state shown in FIG. 6, the lower magnetic force generation part (32) is in a state where a magnetic field is generated, and the upper magnetic force generation part (31) is in a state where no magnetic field is generated. The lowermost needle-like falling body (2A) is prevented from falling by the magnetic attractive force generated from (32). If the upper magnetic force generation part (31) generates a magnetic field and the lower magnetic force generation part (32) does not generate a magnetic field by a switching operation with a switch or the like from this state, the uppermost magnetic force generation part (31) in the launcher (4) is set. While the lower substantially needle-like fallen body (2A) falls, the substantially needle-like fallen body (2B) immediately above it falls into a state in which the fall is prevented by the magnetic attraction force generated from the upper magnetic force generating part (31). After that, when the switching operation by a switch or the like is performed again to return the lower magnetic force generation part (32) to a state where a magnetic field is generated and the upper magnetic force generation part (31) to a state where no magnetic field is generated, a substantially needle-like shape is obtained. The fallen body (2B) falls to the height of the lower magnetic force generation part (32) and stops, and the substantially needle-like fallen bodies (2C) (2D) are sequentially placed immediately above (falling standby state). Becomes).

  Thus, after the measurement of the lowermost substantially needle-like fallen body (2A) is completed, the upper magnetic force generator (31) generates a magnetic field, and the lower magnetic force generator (32) does not generate a magnetic field. Is set, the substantially needle-like fallen body (2B) in the launcher (4) falls, while the substantially needle-like fallen body (2C) immediately above it falls due to the magnetic attractive force generated from the upper magnetic force generating part (31). It will be blocked. After that, when the switching operation by a switch or the like is performed again to return the lower magnetic force generation part (32) to a state where a magnetic field is generated and the upper magnetic force generation part (31) to a state where no magnetic field is generated, a substantially needle-like shape is obtained. The falling body (2C) drops to the height of the lower magnetic force generation part (32) and stops, and the substantially needle-like falling body (2D) is placed at a position immediately above (falling standby state).

  Thus, after the measurement of the substantially needle-like fallen body (2B) is completed, the upper magnetic force generation part (31) generates a magnetic field, and the lower magnetic force generation part (32) is switched to a state in which no magnetic field is generated. The substantially needle-like fallen body (2C) in the launcher (4) falls, while the substantially needle-like fallen body (2D) immediately above the faller is prevented from being dropped by the magnetic attraction force generated from the upper magnetic force generating part (31). It becomes a state. After that, when the switching operation by a switch or the like is performed again to return the lower magnetic force generation part (32) to a state where a magnetic field is generated and the upper magnetic force generation part (31) to a state where no magnetic field is generated, a substantially needle-like shape is obtained. The fallen body (2D) drops to the height of the lower magnetic force generation part (32), stops and enters a fall standby state.

  Next, after the measurement of the substantially needle-like falling body (2C) is completed, the upper magnetic force generation part (31) generates a magnetic field, and the lower magnetic force generation part (32) is set to a state in which no magnetic field is generated. (4) The substantially needle-like falling body (2D) inside falls. In the apparatus of the present embodiment, the four substantially needle-like falling bodies (2A) (2B) (2C) (2D) loaded in the cylindrical launcher (4) can be automatically dropped in this way. Therefore, there is an advantage that the time required for blood viscosity measurement can be shortened.

  In the present invention, the synthetic resin constituting the substantially needle-like body (11) is not particularly limited, but olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene are preferably used. In addition, the coating layer for preventing that a bubble adheres may be formed in the surface of the substantially acicular body (11) which consists of synthetic resins. Examples of such a bubble adhesion preventing coating layer include a hydrophilic coating layer.

As the pre Kitsumu (12), the material of that is not particularly limited, a metal weight is preferred. Further, the weight (12) may be in any form such as a lump, granule, powder and the like. By changing the enclosed amount of the weight (12), it is possible to manufacture the substantially needle-like falling bodies (2) having different densities. In order to measure the viscosity of blood, it is preferable to use a plurality of substantially needle-like fallen bodies (2) having different densities in a density range of 0.7 to 2.0 g / cm ³ . Further, the weight (12) is preferably enclosed in the lower part of the substantially needle-like body (11). In this case, the center of gravity of the falling body (2) is lowered, so that the falling behavior is stabilized. can get.

The size of the substantially needle-like falling body (2) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of enabling viscosity measurement with a smaller amount of blood and improving the accuracy of viscosity measurement, the outer diameter (m ₁ , m ₂ ) is preferably set in the range of 0.5 to 3 mm and the length (h) in the range of 5 to 100 mm. In FIG. 2, a configuration in which any relationship of m ₁ = m ₂ , m ₁ > m ₂ , m ₁ <m ₂ is established may be employed. The density of the substantially needle-like falling body (2) means an apparent density, and is a value obtained by dividing the mass of the falling body (2) by the volume of the falling body (the volume including the void).

  In the above-described embodiment, a pair of magnetic sensors (5A) (5B) and a measuring device (5C) are used as the detection means (5). However, the detection means (5) is not particularly limited to such a configuration. Any means can be used as long as it can detect the falling end speed of the substantially needle-like falling body (2) that falls.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the viscosity of the blood is calculated | required by measuring the fall termination | terminus velocity of each substantially needle-like fallen body (2), it replaces with this and the fall acceleration of each substantially needle-like fallen body (2) is measured. By doing so, the viscosity of blood may be obtained. As a detection means (5) for measuring the fall acceleration of such a fallen body (2), a configuration comprising three magnetic sensors and a measurement device that are spaced apart in the vertical direction can be mentioned.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the aspect with which air (61) exists in the internal space of a falling body collection | recovery container (6) is employ | adopted, instead of this, inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, is used. You may employ | adopt the structure enclosed with the inside. In this case, every time the falling body (2) is recovered in the falling body recovery container (6), the inert gas bubbles rise through the small holes (24), thereby allowing blood to flow. Since stirring is performed, the blood in the measurement container (3) can be effectively prevented from being altered and the time until blood coagulation can be extended.

  Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.

<Example 1>
Blood is collected from a 45-year-old man (hereinafter, this blood is referred to as “blood X”), and blood viscosity is measured according to the procedure described in the previous section using the blood viscosity measuring apparatus (1) having the configuration shown in FIG. Went. The density of the collected blood was 1.054 g / cm ³ . The inner diameter of the measurement container (3) was 8 mm, the length was 90 mm, and the inner volume of the measurement container (3) was about 3 mL. The length (L) of the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) was 20 mm, the outer diameter (m ₁ ) on the upper side was 2.0 mm, and the outer diameter (m ₂ ) on the lower side was 1.8 mm. The measurement was performed by controlling the thermostatic bath (8) so that the blood (60) in the measurement container (3) was 37.0 ° C. Further, as a plurality of substantially needle-like falling bodies (2) having different densities, the density is 1.130, 1.165, 1.212, 1.260, 1.280, 1.314, 1.330, 1.397 g / cm. ^Three types of approximately needle-shaped falling bodies were used. The time required for each fallen body (2) to drop from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) and the fall termination speed Ut of each fallen body (2) determined from this time are given. Table 1 shows.

Based on the data shown in Table 1, the falling end velocity Ut and the density difference (ρs−ρf) are plotted as coordinate axes (see FIG. 10), and the function representing the (Ut) − (ρs−ρf) line segment is calculated. (Ρs−ρf) = 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ (Ut) ² + 1.93 × 10 ⁻² (Ut) −4 × 10 ⁻⁴ , and the constant term was −0.0004. Since −0.0004 satisfies −0.07 ≦ (constant term) ≦ 0.07, it was confirmed from the value of the constant term and the shape of the line segment that blood X is a Newtonian fluid.

  Furthermore, Table 2 shows the result of taking the logarithm of the drop end velocity Ut and the logarithm of the density difference (ρs−ρf).

  Based on the data shown in Table 2, the logarithm ln (Ut) of the drop end velocity and the logarithm ln (ρs−ρf) of the density difference are plotted as coordinate axes (see FIG. 11), and (Ut) − (ρs−ρf) logarithm. As a result of calculating the function representing the line segment, ln (ρs−ρf) = 1.01ln (Ut) +7.58, the value of the gradient n is 1.01, and 0.95 ≦ n ≦ 1.05 is satisfied. Therefore, it was confirmed that blood X was surely a Newtonian fluid.

  The blood viscosity μ was calculated by combining the four formulas <1> to <4> and the Newtonian fluid constitutive equation <5> to obtain a blood X flow curve (see FIG. 12). The blood X flow curve was τ = 0.463γ. Therefore, the viscosity μ of blood X was 4.63 mPa · sec.

<Example 2>
Blood is collected from a 24-year-old man (hereinafter, this blood is referred to as “blood Y”), and blood viscosity is measured according to the procedure described in the previous section using the blood viscosity measuring apparatus (1) having the configuration shown in FIG. Went. The density of the collected blood was 1.055 g / cm ³ . The inner diameter of the measurement container (3) was 8 mm, the length was 90 mm, and the inner volume of the measurement container (3) was about 3 mL. The length (L) of the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) was 20 mm, the outer diameter (m ₁ ) on the upper side was 2.0 mm, and the outer diameter (m ₂ ) on the lower side was 1.8 mm. The measurement was performed by controlling the thermostatic bath (8) so that the blood (60) in the measurement container (3) was 37.0 ° C. Further, as a plurality of substantially needle-like falling bodies (2) having different densities, the density is 1.130, 1.138, 1.165, 1.212, 1.260, 1.290, 1.314, 1.330 g / cm. ^Three types of approximately needle-shaped falling bodies were used. The time required for each fallen body (2) to drop from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) and the fall termination speed Ut of each fallen body (2) determined from this time are given. Table 3 shows.

Based on the data shown in Table 3, the end point velocity Ut and the density difference (ρs−ρf) are plotted as coordinate axes (see FIG. 13), and the function representing the (Ut) − (ρs−ρf) line segment is calculated. (Ρs−ρf) = − 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ (Ut) ² + 2.07 × 10 ⁻² (Ut) −8.7 × 10 ⁻³ , and the constant term was −0.0087. Since −0.0087 satisfies −0.07 ≦ (constant term) ≦ 0.07, it was confirmed from the value of this constant term and the shape of the line segment that blood Y was a Newtonian fluid.

  Further, Table 4 shows the result of taking the logarithm of the drop end velocity Ut and the logarithm of the density difference (ρs−ρf).

  Based on the data shown in Table 4, the logarithm ln (Ut) of the drop end velocity and the logarithm ln (ρs−ρf) of the density difference are plotted as coordinate axes (see FIG. 14), and (Ut) − (ρs−ρf) logarithm. As a result of calculating the function representing the line segment, ln (ρs−ρf) = 1.02ln (Ut) +7.57, the value of the gradient n is 1.02, and 0.95 ≦ n ≦ 1.05 is satisfied. Thus, it was confirmed that blood Y was surely a Newtonian fluid.

  Formula 4 from Formula <1> to Formula <4> and the Newtonian fluid constitutive equation <5> were combined to calculate blood viscosity μ, and a blood Y flow curve was obtained (see FIG. 15). The flow curve of this blood Y was τ = 0.00450γ. Therefore, the viscosity μ of blood Y was 4.50 mPa · sec.

<Example 3>
Blood is collected from a 23-year-old man (hereinafter, this blood is referred to as “blood Z”), and blood viscosity is measured according to the procedure described in the previous section using the blood viscosity measuring apparatus (1) having the configuration shown in FIG. Went. The density of the collected blood was 1.058 g / cm ³ . The inner diameter of the measurement container (3) was 8 mm, the length was 90 mm, and the inner volume of the measurement container (3) was about 3 mL. The length (L) of the substantially needle-like fallen body (2) was 20 mm, the outer diameter (m ₁ ) on the upper side was 2.0 mm, and the outer diameter (m ₂ ) on the lower side was 1.8 mm. The measurement was performed by controlling the thermostatic bath (8) so that the blood (60) in the measurement container (3) was 37.0 ° C. Further, as a plurality of substantially needle-like falling bodies (2) having different densities, the density is 1.078, 1.130, 1.170, 1.212, 1.260, 1.290, 1.330, 1.365 g / cm. ^Three types of approximately needle-shaped falling bodies were used. The time required for each fallen body (2) to drop from the upper magnetic sensor (5A) to the position of the lower magnetic sensor (5B) and the fall termination speed Ut of each fallen body (2) determined from this time are given. Table 5 shows.

Based on the data shown in Table 5, the end-of-fall velocity Ut and the density difference (ρs−ρf) are plotted as coordinate axes (see FIG. 16), and the function representing the (Ut) − (ρs−ρf) line segment is calculated. (Ρs−ρf) = 7.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ (Ut) ² + 1.96 × 10 ⁻² (Ut) + 2.6 × 10 ⁻³ , and the constant term was 0.0026. Since 0.0026 satisfies −0.07 ≦ (constant term) ≦ 0.07, it was confirmed from the value of this constant term and the shape of the line segment that blood Z is a Newtonian fluid.

  Further, Table 6 shows the result of taking the logarithm of the drop end velocity Ut and the logarithm of the density difference (ρs−ρf).

  Based on the data shown in Table 6, the logarithm ln (Ut) of the drop end velocity and the logarithm ln (ρs−ρf) of the density difference are plotted as coordinate axes (see FIG. 17), and (Ut) − (ρs−ρf) logarithm. As a result of calculating the function representing the line segment, ln (ρs−ρf) = 1.00ln (Ut) +7.64, the value of the gradient n is 1.00, and 0.95 ≦ n ≦ 1.05 is satisfied. Therefore, it was confirmed that blood Z was surely a Newtonian fluid.

  The blood viscosity μ was calculated by combining the four formulas <1> to <4> and the Newtonian fluid constitutive equation <5> to obtain a blood Y flow curve (see FIG. 18). The flow curve of this blood Z was τ = 0.00458γ. Therefore, the viscosity μ of blood Z was 4.58 mPa · sec.

<Example 4>
When blood was collected from a 25-year-old man and measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the viscosity μ of this blood was 4.20 mPa · sec.

<Example 5>
When blood was collected from a 24-year-old male (a person different from the male of Example 2) and measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the viscosity μ of this blood was 4.19 mPa · sec.

<Example 6>
When blood was collected from a 23-year-old male (a person different from the male of Example 3) and measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the viscosity μ of this blood was 4.40 mPa · sec.

<Example 7>
When blood was collected from a 22-year-old man and measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the viscosity μ of this blood was 4.41 mPa · sec.

<Example 8>
When blood was collected from a 24-year-old woman and measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the viscosity μ of this blood was 3.05 mPa · sec.

It is a longitudinal section showing one embodiment of a blood viscosity measuring device concerning this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows one Embodiment of a substantially needle-like falling body. It is a perspective view which cuts and shows a part of upper end part of an apparatus main-body part. (B) Both (b) are perspective views showing modifications of the shape of the opening formed in the launcher. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blood viscosity measuring apparatus shown in the middle of a measurement. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment of the blood viscosity measuring apparatus based on this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the magnetic force generation part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 in detail. It is a conceptual diagram which shows a state when the substantially needle-like fallen body is falling. It is speed sectional drawing which shows the moving direction of the fluid (blood) which the substantially needle-like falling body which falls falls. 3 is a graph showing a (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) line segment in Example 1. 3 is a graph showing a (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) logarithmic line segment in Example 1. 2 is a graph showing a flow curve in Example 1. 10 is a graph showing a (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) line segment in Example 2. 10 is a graph showing a (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) logarithmic line segment in Example 2. 6 is a graph showing a flow curve in Example 2. 10 is a graph showing a (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) line segment in Example 3. 10 is a graph showing a (Ut)-(ρs-ρf) logarithmic line segment in Example 3. 10 is a graph showing a flow curve in Example 3.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Blood viscosity measuring apparatus 2 ... Substantially needle-shaped falling body 3 ... Measurement container 4 ... Launcher 5 ... Detection means 6 ... Falling body collection container 7 ... Stirring member 8 ... Constant temperature bath 10 ... Apparatus main-body part 11 ... Substantially needle-like body 12 ... Weight DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 ... Cap 14 ... Stirring part 15 ... Gripping part 16 ... Connection part 23 ... Opening part 24 ... Small hole 25 ... Inclined surface 30 ... Magnetic body 31 ... Magnetic force generation part 32 ... Magnetic force generation part 60 ... Blood

Claims (10)

A plurality of substantially needle-shaped falling bodies having different densities;
A cylindrical measuring container;
A launcher fixed to the upper side of the measurement container;
A detecting means for detecting a falling end speed or a falling acceleration of a substantially needle-like falling body falling in the measurement container;
The substantially acicular falling body is Ri Do a substantially needle-shaped body made encapsulated synthetic resin in the weight,
A small hole is provided in the center of the bottom surface of the measurement container, and the diameter of the small hole is set in a range larger than the outer diameter of the substantially needle-like falling body and 4 mm or less, and the measurement container is located under the measurement container. the viscosity measuring apparatus of the blood, characterized in Rukoto falling body collection container and connected is not disposed.   The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin constituting the substantially needle-like body is an olefin resin. The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a metal weight is used as the weight in the substantially needle-like falling body . It is arranged magnetic position lower than the pores of the bottom of the measuring container in the outer front Symbol measuring container, by the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic body, downwardly with respect to a substantially acicular falling body to be inserted into the stoma The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the blood viscosity measuring apparatus is configured to be able to urge the fall of the blood. Before SL launcher is formed in a cylindrical shape, this with the length of the tubular launcher is set to more than twice the length of the substantially acicular falling body, a pair of magnetic force generated outside of the lower portion of the tubular launcher The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the portions are spaced apart in the vertical direction. The blood viscosity measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a bottom surface of the measurement container is formed on an inclined surface inclined from top to bottom from a peripheral edge toward a small hole in a central portion. . The blood viscosity measurement apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the launcher is formed in a cylindrical shape, and one or more openings are formed in a part of the cylindrical launcher.   The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a stirring member that stirs the inside of the measurement container.   The said stirring member is provided with the stirring part arrange | positioned in the said measurement container, the holding part arrange | positioned outside the said measurement container, and the connection part which connects this holding part and the said stirring part. 2. A blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to 1.   The said measurement container is arrange | positioned in a thermostat, and liquids, such as water controlled by predetermined temperature, shall be sent to the space of this thermostat and the said measurement container. The blood viscosity measuring apparatus according to Item.