JP4275618B2 - Highly permeable ground injection material - Google Patents
Highly permeable ground injection material Download PDFInfo
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- JP4275618B2 JP4275618B2 JP2004375339A JP2004375339A JP4275618B2 JP 4275618 B2 JP4275618 B2 JP 4275618B2 JP 2004375339 A JP2004375339 A JP 2004375339A JP 2004375339 A JP2004375339 A JP 2004375339A JP 4275618 B2 JP4275618 B2 JP 4275618B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Description
本発明は、各種土木工事における地盤改良工事や止水工事で用いられる地盤注入材に関する。
なお、本発明における部や％は、特に規定のない限り質量基準である。
The present invention relates to a ground injection material used in ground improvement work and water stop work in various civil engineering works.
In the present invention, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
従来、セメントを用いた注入工法で、地盤の補強や止水効果を得るため、カルシウムアルミネートなどを含む急硬材を用いた注入材が用いられている（特許文献１参照）。
しかしながら、通常使用される注入材は、地盤が細砂、シルト、あるいは粘土の場合には浸透性が小さく、注入が不可能となるなどの課題があった。
Conventionally, an injection material using a rapid hardening material containing calcium aluminate or the like has been used in order to obtain ground reinforcement and a water stop effect by an injection method using cement (see Patent Document 1).
However, the injection material usually used has problems such as low permeability when the ground is fine sand, silt, or clay, which makes injection impossible.
また、注入の際、ポンプ圧送性の向上や地盤中への浸透性を増す目的で、水量を増す場合があるが、その結果、硬化が遅れ、強度が小さくなるなどの課題があった。 In addition, during injection, the amount of water may be increased for the purpose of improving pumpability and penetrating into the ground, but as a result, there are problems such as delay in hardening and reduction in strength.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく種々検討した結果、特定の材料を使用することにより高い浸透性と強度発現性が得られるという知見を得て本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has obtained the knowledge that high permeability and strength development can be obtained by using a specific material, and has completed the present invention.
即ち、本発明は、シリカフューム、アルミノケイ酸カルシウム、石膏、及び消石灰を含有してなる高浸透性地盤注入材であり、最大粒子径が20μｍ以下である該高浸透性地盤注入材であり、シリカフューム100部、アルミノケイ酸カルシウム１〜50部、石膏１〜50部、及び消石灰１〜50部を含有してなる該高浸透性地盤注入材である。 That is, the present invention is a highly permeable ground injecting material containing silica fume, calcium aluminosilicate, gypsum, and slaked lime, the high permeable ground injecting material having a maximum particle size of 20 μm or less, and silica fume 100. Part, 1-50 parts of calcium aluminosilicate, 1-50 parts of gypsum and 1-50 parts of slaked lime.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明で使用するシリカフュームは、非晶質のSiO2を主成分とする平均粒子径約１μｍの微粒子であり、金属シリコンやフェロシリコンを電気炉で製造する際に発生する廃ガス中のダストを集塵機で回収したものや、ジルコンサンドから酸化ジルコニウムを製造する際に副生されるものなどがあり、いずれも使用可能である。 Silica fume used in the present invention is fine particles having an average particle diameter of about 1 μm mainly composed of amorphous SiO 2 , and dust in waste gas generated when metal silicon or ferrosilicon is produced in an electric furnace. There are one collected by a dust collector and one produced as a by-product when producing zirconium oxide from zircon sand, and any of them can be used.
本発明で使用するアルミノケイ酸カルシウム（以下、ＣＡＳという）は、CaO、Al2O3、及びSiO2を含有するものであり、石膏との併用により主として短期強度の発現に寄与するものである。
ＣＡＳの組成は、CaO含有率20〜60％、Al2O3含有率20〜70％、及びSiO2含有率５〜30％が好ましく、CaO含有率30〜55％、Al2O3含有率30〜60％、及びSiO2含有率10〜20％がより好ましい。この範囲外では短期強度が小さくなる場合がある。
ＣＡＳは、石灰石等のカルシア原料、アルミナ、ボーキサイト、長石、及び粘土等のアルミナ原料、並びに、ケイ石、ケイ砂、石英、及びケイ藻土等のシリカ原料等を所定の割合で配合した後、ロータリーキルンなどで焼成、又は、電気炉や高周波炉等で溶融することにより製造される。
ＣＡＳとしては、2CaO・Al2O3・SiO2やCaO・Al2O3・2SiO2などの結晶性化合物を使用することも可能であるが、短期強度が大きい点で、溶融物を急冷して得られるガラス質のものが好ましい。
ＣＡＳのガラス化率は、ＣＡＳを1,000℃で２時間加熱後、５℃／分の冷却速度で徐冷し、粉末Ｘ線回折法により結晶鉱物のメインピークの面積S0を求め、ＣＡＳの結晶のメインピークSから、Ｘ（％）＝100×（１−S／S0）として求められるもので、短期強度の点から50％以上が好ましく、80％以上がより好ましく、90％以上が最も好ましい。50％未満では短期強度が小さい場合がある。
ＣＡＳの使用量は、シリカフューム100部に対して、１〜50部が好ましく、５〜30部がより好ましい。１部未満では短期強度が小さい場合があり、50部を超えると高浸透性地盤注入材を懸濁液としたときの粘度が大きくなり、浸透性が低下する場合がある。
The calcium aluminosilicate (hereinafter referred to as CAS) used in the present invention contains CaO, Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 , and contributes mainly to the expression of short-term strength when used in combination with gypsum.
The composition of CAS is preferably CaO content 20 to 60%, Al 2 O 3 content 20 to 70%, and SiO 2 content 5 to 30%, CaO content 30 to 55%, Al 2 O 3 content 30% to 60%, and SiO 2 content of 10-20% is more preferable. Outside this range, the short-term strength may be small.
CAS is a mixture of calcia raw materials such as limestone, alumina raw materials such as alumina, bauxite, feldspar, and clay, and silica raw materials such as quartzite, quartz sand, quartz, and diatomaceous earth at a predetermined ratio. Manufactured by firing in a rotary kiln or the like, or melting in an electric furnace or high-frequency furnace.
For CAS, crystalline compounds such as 2CaO · Al 2 O 3 · SiO 2 and CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2 can be used, but the melt is rapidly cooled because of its short-term strength. The glassy thing obtained by these is preferable.
The vitrification rate of CAS is as follows: CAS is heated at 1,000 ° C. for 2 hours, then cooled slowly at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./min, and the area S 0 of the main peak of the crystal mineral is determined by powder X-ray diffraction method. From the main peak S, X (%) = 100 × (1−S / S 0 ), 50% or more is preferable, 80% or more is more preferable, and 90% or more is the most preferable. Below 50%, short-term strength may be small.
The amount of CAS used is preferably 1 to 50 parts, more preferably 5 to 30 parts, per 100 parts of silica fume. If it is less than 1 part, the short-term strength may be small, and if it exceeds 50 parts, the viscosity when the highly permeable ground injecting material is used as a suspension increases, and the permeability may decrease.
本発明で使用する石膏は、無水石膏、半水石膏、及び二水石膏が挙げられ、さらに天然石膏や、リン酸副生石膏、排脱石膏、及びフッ酸副生石膏等の化学石膏、又はこれらを熱処理して得られる石膏等が含まれる。これらの中で強度発現性が大きい点で無水石膏が好ましい。
石膏の使用量は、シリカフューム100部に対して、１〜50部が好ましく、５〜30部がより好ましい。１部未満では短期強度が小さい場合があり、50部を超えると浸透性が低下する場合がある。
Examples of the gypsum used in the present invention include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum, and natural gypsum, phosphate gypsum, waste gypsum, and chemical gypsum such as hydrofluoric acid gypsum, or Gypsum obtained by heat treatment is included. Among these, anhydrous gypsum is preferable in terms of high strength development.
The amount of gypsum used is preferably 1 to 50 parts, more preferably 5 to 30 parts, per 100 parts of silica fume. If it is less than 1 part, the short-term strength may be small, and if it exceeds 50 parts, the permeability may decrease.
本発明で使用する消石灰は、シリカフュームとのポゾラン反応により長期強度を増大させる。
消石灰の使用量は、シリカフューム100部に対して、１〜50部が好ましく、３〜20部がより好ましい。１部未満では長期強度が小さい場合があり、50部を超えると浸透性が低下する場合がある。
The slaked lime used in the present invention increases long-term strength by a pozzolanic reaction with silica fume.
As for the usage-amount of slaked lime, 1-50 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of silica fume, and 3-20 parts are more preferable. If it is less than 1 part, the long-term strength may be small, and if it exceeds 50 parts, the permeability may decrease.
本発明に係る高浸透性注入材（以下、本注入材という）の最大粒子径は20μｍ以下であり、15μｍ以下がより好ましく、10μｍ以下が最も好ましい。20μｍを超えると地盤中の微細な間隙への注入が困難になる場合がある。 The maximum particle diameter of the highly permeable injection material (hereinafter referred to as the present injection material) according to the present invention is 20 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less, and most preferably 10 μm or less. If it exceeds 20 μm, it may be difficult to inject into a fine gap in the ground.
本注入材の粒度の調製方法は特に制限されるものではないが、各材料を別々にボールミルなどの粉砕機で粉砕し、分級により20μｍ以下のものを集め、その後混合するか、又は、各材料を混合した後に粉砕し、分級により20μｍ以下のものを集める方法のいずれも使用可能である。しかしながら、各材料を混合した後に粉砕し、分級すると、各材料の密度差により混合比が変わる恐れがあるため、各材料を別々に粉砕し、分級しその後混合することが好ましい。 The method for adjusting the particle size of the injection material is not particularly limited, but each material is separately pulverized by a pulverizer such as a ball mill, and those having a size of 20 μm or less are collected by classification and then mixed, or Any of the methods of pulverizing after mixing and collecting those having a size of 20 μm or less by classification can be used. However, if each material is mixed and then pulverized and classified, the mixing ratio may change due to the difference in density of each material. Therefore, it is preferable to pulverize, classify, and then mix each material separately.
さらに本発明では、所要の硬化時間が得られるように調整するために、凝結調整剤を併用することが好ましい。
凝結調整剤としては、アルミン酸ナトリウムやアルミン酸カリウムなどのアルミン酸塩、炭酸ナトリウムや炭酸カリウムなどの炭酸塩、水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化カリウムなどの水酸化物、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸鉄（III）、及びミョウバンなどの硫酸塩、ケイ酸ナトリウムやケイ酸カリウムなどのケイ酸塩、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カルシウム、及びリン酸マグネシウムなどのリン酸塩、並びに、ホウ酸リチウムやホウ酸ナトリウムなどのホウ酸塩等の無機塩類、クエン酸、グルコン酸、酒石酸、及びリンゴ酸又はこれらのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、及びカルシウム塩等の有機酸類、並びに、糖類等が挙げられ、これらのうちの一種又は二種以上を併用することが可能である。これらの中では所要の硬化時間を確保する上で、炭酸塩と有機酸類を併用することがが好ましい。
凝結調整剤の使用量は、硬化時間に応じて調整するため特に限定されるものではないが、ＣＡＳと石膏の合計100部に対して、0.1〜10部が好ましく、0.5〜５部がより好ましい。0.1部未満では硬化時間を確保しにくい場合があり、10部を超えると硬化時間が長くなり、強度が小さくなる場合がある。
Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a coagulation modifier in order to adjust the required curing time to be obtained.
Condensation regulators include aluminates such as sodium aluminate and potassium aluminate, carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, iron sulfate (III) And sulfates such as alum, silicates such as sodium silicate and potassium silicate, phosphates such as sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and magnesium phosphate, and boric acid such as lithium borate and sodium borate Examples include inorganic salts such as salts, citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid or organic acids such as sodium salt, potassium salt, and calcium salt thereof, and sugars, and one or two of them The above can be used in combination. Among these, it is preferable to use a carbonate and an organic acid in combination in order to secure a required curing time.
The amount of setting modifier used is not particularly limited because it is adjusted according to the curing time, but is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts, more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts, with respect to 100 parts in total of CAS and gypsum. . If it is less than 0.1 part, it may be difficult to ensure the curing time, and if it exceeds 10 parts, the curing time may be long and the strength may be reduced.
地盤中への浸透性を向上させるために、本発明では、さらに分散剤を使用することが好ましい。
分散剤としては、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物塩系、リグニンスルホン酸系、メラミンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物塩系、ポリカルボン酸塩系、及びポリエーテル系の分散剤が挙げられる。
分散剤の使用量は、シリカフューム100部に対して、0.1〜10部が好ましく、0.5〜３部がより好ましい。0.1部未満では浸透性が小さい場合があり、10部を超えると強度が小さくなる場合がある。
In order to improve the permeability into the ground, it is preferable to use a dispersant in the present invention.
Examples of the dispersant include naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate salt type, lignin sulfonic acid type, melamine sulfonic acid formalin condensate salt type, polycarboxylate type, and polyether type dispersant.
The amount of the dispersant used is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts, more preferably 0.5 to 3 parts, based on 100 parts of silica fume. If it is less than 0.1 part, the permeability may be small, and if it exceeds 10 parts, the strength may be small.
本注入材を懸濁液とする場合の水量は、ポンプで懸濁液を圧送できれば特に限定されるものではない。例えば、シリカフューム、ＣＡＳ、石膏、及び消石灰の合計100部に対して、100〜1,000部が好ましく、200〜500部がより好ましい。100部未満では懸濁液の粘度が高くなって浸透性が小さい場合があり、1,000部を超えると強度が小さくなる場合がある。 The amount of water when the injection material is used as a suspension is not particularly limited as long as the suspension can be pumped by a pump. For example, 100 to 1,000 parts are preferable and 200 to 500 parts are more preferable with respect to a total of 100 parts of silica fume, CAS, gypsum, and slaked lime. If it is less than 100 parts, the viscosity of the suspension may be high and permeability may be small, and if it exceeds 1,000 parts, the strength may be small.
本注入材の練混ぜ方法や注入方法は特に限定されるものではなく、単管ロッド工法、単管ストレーナ工法、二重管単相工法、二重管複相工法、及び二重管ダブルパッカー工法等、現在使用されている工法に適用可能である。 The mixing method and the injection method of the injection material are not particularly limited, and the single tube rod method, the single tube strainer method, the double tube single phase method, the double tube double phase method, and the double tube double packer method It can be applied to currently used construction methods.
本注入材を使用することにより、浸透性に優れ、注入性が向上し、強度発現性に優れるなどの効果を奏する。 By using this injection material, there are effects such as excellent permeability, improved injection properties, and excellent strength development.
以下、実験例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実験例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by experimental examples, but the present invention is not limited to these experimental examples.
実験例１
シリカフューム100部に対して、ＣＡＳイ10部、石膏10部、及び消石灰５部を混合し、本注入材を調製した。
調製した本注入材100部と水300部とを混合して懸濁液を作製した。このとき、シリカフュームＡ100部に対して、分散剤１部を混合し、ＣＡＳと石膏の合計100部に対して、凝結調整剤を１部混合した。本注入材の最大粒子径を変えたときの浸透長さを測定した。結果を表１に示す。
Experimental example 1
100 parts of silica fume was mixed with 10 parts of CAS, 10 parts of gypsum, and 5 parts of slaked lime to prepare this injection material.
A suspension was prepared by mixing 100 parts of the prepared injection material and 300 parts of water. At this time, 1 part of a dispersant was mixed with 100 parts of silica fume A, and 1 part of a setting modifier was mixed with 100 parts of CAS and gypsum in total. The permeation length when the maximum particle size of the injection material was changed was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
＜使用材料＞
シリカフュームＡ：フェロシリコン副生品
ＣＡＳイ ：CaO 45％、Al2O3 40％、及びSiO2 15％の組成のガラス質、ガラス化率95％
石膏 ：天然無水石膏
消石灰 ：市販品
分散剤 ：ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物塩系
凝結調整剤：クエン酸と炭酸カリウムの重量比１：３の混合品
<Materials used>
Silica fume A: Ferrosilicon by-product CAS B: Glassy composition of CaO 45%, Al 2 O 3 40%, and SiO 2 15%, vitrification rate 95%
Gypsum: Natural anhydrous gypsum slaked lime: Commercially available dispersant: Naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate salt-based setting regulator: Mixture of citric acid and potassium carbonate in a weight ratio of 1: 3
＜試験方法＞
浸透長さ ：直径５cm×長さ30cmのビニールチューブに８号珪砂を長さ20cmになるように充填し、本注入材を200ml投入して１日後、砂への浸透長さを測定
<Test method>
Penetration length: Filled a 5cm diameter x 30cm length vinyl tube with No. 8 silica sand to a length of 20cm, put 200ml of this injection material one day later, and measured the penetration length into the sand.
実験例２
シリカフューム100部に対して、表１に示すＣＡＳ、石膏、及び消石灰を混合し、最大粒子径10μｍの本注入材を調製した。
実験例１と同様にして懸濁液を作製し、本注入材の硬化時間、浸透長さ、及び圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表２に併記する。
Experimental example 2
CAS, gypsum and slaked lime shown in Table 1 were mixed with 100 parts of silica fume to prepare a main injection material having a maximum particle diameter of 10 μm.
A suspension was prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and the setting time, penetration length, and compressive strength of the injection material were measured. The results are also shown in Table 2.
＜使用材料＞
シリカフュームＢ：ジルコニア副生品
ＣＡＳロ ：CaO 45％、Al2O3 28％、及びSiO2 27％の組成のガラス質、ガラス化率95％
<Materials used>
Silica fume B: Zirconia by-product CAS B: Glass with a composition of CaO 45%, Al 2 O 3 28%, and SiO 2 27%, vitrification rate 95%
＜試験方法＞
硬化時間 ：懸濁液を入れたカップを傾けても懸濁液が流れなくなるまでの時間
圧縮強度 ：JIS R 5201に準じて測定、測定材齢１日と28日
<Test method>
Curing time: The time until the suspension does not flow even if the cup containing the suspension is tilted. Compressive strength: Measured according to JIS R 5201, measured material age 1 day and 28 days
本注入材を使用することにより、浸透性に優れ、注入性が向上し、強度発現性に優れるなどの効果を奏し、従来適用が困難だった地質の地盤への注入が可能となることが期待できる。 By using this injection material, it is expected to be able to inject into the ground of geology that was difficult to apply in the past, such as excellent permeability, improved injectability, and excellent strength development. it can.
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| JP5189274B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2013-04-24 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Ground injection material and ground injection method using the same |
| JP5208588B2 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2013-06-12 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Injection material construction method |
| JP5956931B2 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2016-07-27 | デンカ株式会社 | Injection material, injection material manufacturing method, and injection method |
| SG11202011916UA (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-12-30 | Denka Company Ltd | Semi-rigid pavement filling material and semi-rigid asphalt pavement |
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