JP4274441B2 - 銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
- B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
- B01D69/142—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes with "carriers"
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
- B01D67/00793—Dispersing a component, e.g. as particles or powder, in another component
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/144—Purification; Separation; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Description
古典的な高分子分離膜を用いた分子量の類似なオレフィンとパラフィンの分離が難しいことを解決するための解決策として促進輸送概念が導入されることにより、オレフィンとパラフィンの分離に高分子分離膜を適用するための研究が盛んに行われている。
分離しようとする混合物中の特定の成分と可逆的に反応し得るキャリアが分離膜に存在する場合、キャリアと混合物中の特定の成分(例えば、オレフィン)との可逆反応によって、物質の伝達が単純なフィック(Fick)の濃度勾配による伝達だけでなく、キャリアによる促進輸送(facilitated transport)も起こって選択度及び透過度が共に増加する。
このような促進輸送を用いた従来の高分子分離膜として、例えば、キャリアで銀塩、例えばAgBF4、AgCF3SO3を担持させて作った、支持または固定された液膜を使用する方法が公知になっている。ところが、この技術には分離時間の増加に伴って銀塩の活性度が低下するという欠点があって、これを補完するために、フタレート化合物または界面活性剤を用いる技術なども提案されている。
ところが、例えばフタレート化合物などの従来の改善活性剤と組み合わせられた銀塩は、加湿工程をさらに必要とし、パラフィンに対してオレフィンの選択性を長時間持続させることができない。
したがって、オレフィンに対する高い選択性を示すうえ、高効率で促進輸送機能を長時間持続させることが可能な新規の輸送システムが必要である。
銀ナノ粒子は、SERS(surface-enhanced Raman-scattering)、触媒作用(catalysis)、フォトニクス(photonics)、センサ分野などで独特な物理化学的特性を示しており、多くの関心を受けている。銀ナノ粒子が単純な銀や銀塩などとは異なる独特な物理化学的特性を持つのは、大きい表面積の小さい粒子がさらに大きい反応性を持っているためである。
例えば、銀ナノ粒子と酸素分子の低温における反応についての研究の結果、さらに小さいサイズの銀ナノ粒子が酸素分子を原子に分解する能力に一層優れるという実験結果を得た。これに対し、温度80Kでナノサイズではないバルク(bulk)状態の銀粒子と反応した酸素分子は、主にO2 -5状態に分解されることが分かった。水溶液状態の銀ナノクラスター(nanocluster)は、電子を適切な受容体に伝達し得る能力を持っており、条件に応じて部分陽電荷(partial positive charge)を帯びて化学的活性が高いものと知られている。
本発明の目的は、銀ナノ粒子を用いたオレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
特に、前記高分子がEPR(poly(ethylene-co-propylene))であることが好ましい。
特に、前記オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜に多孔性支持体をさらに含むことが好ましい。
また、本発明は、高分子を溶媒に溶解させる第I段階と、前記第I段階の高分子溶液に銀ナノ粒子及びp−ベンゾキノンを分散させる第II段階と、前記第II段階の高分子溶液を支持体にコートさせる第III段階と、前記第III段階の支持体にコートされた高分子溶液を窒素雰囲気の下、常温で溶媒を蒸発させる第IV段階と、前記第IV段階の高分子分離膜を減圧式オーブン、常温で完全に乾燥させる第V段階とを含んでなる、銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜の製造方法を提供する。
銀ナノ粒子(70nm、純度99.5%)、p−ベンゾキノン及びポリ(エチレン−co−プロピレン)(EPR、Mw=1.7×105g/moL)は、Aldrich Chemical社から購入して別途の加工処理なしに使用した。
EPR:銀ナノ粒子:p−ベンゾキノンの重量比を1:1:0.75とした以外は実施例1と同様にして分離膜を製造し、高分子分離膜の厚さは約1μmであった。
実施例3
EPR:銀ナノ粒子:p−ベンゾキノンの重量比を1:1:0.85とした以外は実施例1と同様にして分離膜を製造し、高分子分離膜の厚さは約1μmであった。
銀ナノ粒子を添加していない以外は実施例1と同様にして分離膜を製造し、高分子分離膜の厚さは約1μmであった。
前記実施例の含量に限定せず、本発明において、高分子の種類に応じて適切な銀ナノ粒子とp−ベンゾキノンの含量比の多様な変化が可能である。一般に、高分子と銀ナノ粒子の重量比が1:1の場合、p−ベンゾキノンの含量は0.5〜0.85であることが好ましい。p−ベンゾキノンの含量が0.5未満であれば、銀ナノ粒子を十分活性化させることができず、p−ベンゾキノンの含量が0.85以上であれば、相分離が起こるためである(実験例2の結果を参照)。
実験に使用した分子量の類似なオレフィンとパラフィンの例として、プロピレンとプロパンガスの個別的な透過性能及び混合ガスの透過性能を測定した。図1及び図2はプロピレンとプロパンの各個別的なガスに対する透過性能測定結果を示し、図3及び図4はプロピレンとプロパンの混合ガスに対する透過性能測定結果を示す。
銀ナノ粒子の表面の極性変化による銀ナノ粒子のキャリア活性度の増加を確認するために、純粋な銀、比較例、実施例1〜実施例3の4つの試料に対してX線光電子分光法(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy、以下「XPS」と略称する)を用いて結合エネルギー(binding energy)を測定した。その結果、図5のグラフを得た。
Claims (7)
- 高分子、銀ナノ粒子、及びp−ベンゾキノンを含んでなる、銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜。
- 高分子:銀ナノ粒子:p−ベンゾキノンの重量比が1:1:0.5〜0.85であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜。
- 前記銀ナノ粒子の大きさが100nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜。
- 多孔性支持体をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜。
- 前記高分子がEPR(poly(ethylene-co-propylene))であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜。
- EPR:銀ナノ粒子:p−ベンゾキノンの重量比が1:1:0.5〜0.85であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜。
- 高分子を溶媒に溶解させる第I段階と、
前記第I段階の高分子溶液に銀ナノ粒子及びp−ベンゾキノンを分散させる第II段階と、
前記第II段階の高分子溶液を支持体にコートさせる第III段階と、
前記第III段階の支持体にコートされた高分子溶液を窒素雰囲気の下、常温で溶媒を蒸発させる第IV段階と、
前記第IV段階の高分子分離膜を減圧式オーブン、常温で完全に乾燥させる第V段階とを含んでなる、銀ナノ粒子含有オレフィン促進輸送高分子分離膜の製造方法。
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KR100968123B1 (ko) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-07-06 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 산화은 나노입자 또는 산화구리 나노입자와 이온성액체를포함하여 이루어지는 올레핀 촉진수송 복합분리막 |
BRPI0916073A2 (pt) * | 2008-11-25 | 2015-11-10 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | compósito de carga com afinidade por ligação pi/polímero, processo para preparar um compósito de carga com afinidade por ligação pi/polímero, artigo, e processo para separar um gás de uma mistura gasosa |
GB201004229D0 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2010-04-28 | Univ Leuven Kath | Flux enchancement in membrane seperations by electomagnetic irradiation |
KR101255761B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-11 | 2013-04-17 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 전자 수용체로 올레핀 촉진 수송 기능이 활성화된 금속 나노입자 함유 올레핀 촉진 수송 고분자 분리막. |
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WO2015021099A1 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Bettergy Corp. | Metal doped zeolite membrane for gas separation |
WO2016194711A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-08 | 旭化成株式会社 | 気体分離膜 |
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JPH02298325A (ja) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-12-10 | Shell Internatl Res Maatschappij Bv | 変性された膜 |
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KR100444325B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-16 | 2004-08-16 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 안정성이 향상된 은염이 함유된 올레핀 촉진수송 고분자 분리막 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP4262426B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-03 | 2009-05-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 核酸断片固定電極及びその利用 |
AU2003288944A1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-25 | Yahoo! Inc. | Method and system for creating, serving and tracking advertisements |
KR100541291B1 (ko) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-01-11 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 전이금속염과 이를 물리적으로 분산시킬 수 있는 고분자로구성된 전이금속염-고분자 혼합막 및 다공성 지지막을포함하는 촉진 수송 분리막 |
KR100530544B1 (ko) * | 2003-04-11 | 2005-11-23 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 전이금속염과 프탈릭 구조를 포함한 고분자로 구성된 고체고분자 전해질층 및 다공성 지지막을 포함하는 촉진 수송분리막 |
KR100538544B1 (ko) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-12-23 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 즈비터 이온성 은 화합물을 주성분으로 한 올레핀/파라핀분리용 촉진수송막 및 그의 제조방법 |
US20050175507A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-08-11 | Tsukruk Vladimir V. | Compliant, nanoscale free-standing multilayer films |
KR20050072921A (ko) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-13 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 알켄계 탄화수소 분리용 촉진 수송 분리막 |
CN101137427B (zh) * | 2005-03-09 | 2011-08-03 | 加利福尼亚大学校务委员会 | 纳米复合材料膜及其制备和使用方法 |
KR100611682B1 (ko) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-08-14 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 은 나노 입자/고분자 나노 복합체를 이용한 올레핀/파라핀분리용 나노 복합 분리막 및 제조 방법 |
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EP1844841B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
DE602007000364D1 (de) | 2009-01-29 |
EP1844841A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
US8303692B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 |
WO2007117068A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
KR100891936B1 (ko) | 2009-04-08 |
JP2007283285A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
US20070256560A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
KR20070101765A (ko) | 2007-10-17 |
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