JP4264389B2 - Garbage truck - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage collection vehicle having a function of efficiently loading garbage such as garbage and oversized garbage.

The refuse collection vehicle includes a loading device for loading the dust thrown into the dust throwing box at the rear of the vehicle into the dust storage box. In this loading device, a structure in which a dust pushing member is operated by a cylinder is generally used. The hydraulic pump that supplies hydraulic oil to the cylinder may be driven by an engine, but can also be driven by a battery in order to reduce the noise of the drive source (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, even if the drive source is silenced, a large impact sound is generated when the cylinder stops at the end of the stroke, and this impact sound is more “noise” than the engine sound.
On the other hand, to detect the end of travel just before the cylinder used for loading operation limit switch, refuse collection vehicles to mitigate the impact sound of cylinder stop has been proposed (e.g., see Patent Document 2.).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 55-164203 (Fig. 2) JP-A-8-268504 (pages 4-9, FIGS. 1-6)

However, in the conventional garbage collection vehicle (Patent Document 2) as described above, a large number of limit switches must be attached and wired, and the position must be adjusted accurately. In addition, if the number of operations exceeds a certain number of times, it is necessary to replace the limit switch, which is troublesome.
In view of the above-described conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a garbage collection vehicle having a low-noise configuration that does not require assembling work and is excellent in durability.

The refuse collection vehicle of the present invention includes a dust storage box, a dust input box connected to the dust storage box, an electric motor, a hydraulic pump driven by the electric motor, and a hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump. Based on the loading device for performing the operation of loading the dust thrown into the dust throwing box into the dust containing box, and for discharging the dust contained in the dust containing box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump A discharge device that performs the operation, a flow rate detection device that detects an integrated value of the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump, and the electric motor that rotates at a predetermined number of revolutions based on the integrated value detected by the flow rate detection device. When the value reaches a value corresponding to at least immediately before the end of one stroke constituting the operation of the loading device and the discharge device , the rotational speed is gradually reduced to a predetermined value before the end of the one stroke. Equipment and It includes those were.
In the garbage truck configured as described above, the stroke operation is slow-stopped (decelerated stop) by reducing the rotation speed of the electric motor when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the end of one stroke. The impact sound at the time of stop can be eased. Further, according to such a configuration, it is not necessary to use a position detection switch such as a limit switch or a proximity switch for detection of the time when the rotational speed is decreased.

In the refuse collection vehicle, when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the end of each stroke constituting the loading operation of the loading device , the electric motor It is preferable to gradually reduce the rotational speed to a predetermined value .
In this case, when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the end of each stroke of the loading device, the rotation speed of the electric motor is decreased to slow down each stroke operation, and the impact sound at the stop is Can be relaxed.

Further, in the above garbage collection vehicle, the discharge device includes an input box drive device that rotates the dust input box up and down with respect to the dust storage box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump, and the control device has an integrated value of input When the value corresponding to just before the end of the ascent operation of the box drive device is reached, the rotational speed of the electric motor may be gradually reduced to a predetermined value before the end of the ascent operation .
In this case, when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to just before the end of the raising operation of the input box drive device, the rotational speed of the electric motor is reduced, so that the ascending operation is slow-stopped and the impact sound at the time of stopping is mitigated. Can do.

Further, in the garbage collection vehicle, the discharge device includes a discharge plate driving device that pushes out the dust stored in the dust storage box by moving the discharge plate based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump, and the control device has an integrated value, When the value corresponding to just before the operation of the discharge plate driving device is reached, the rotational speed of the electric motor may be gradually reduced to a predetermined value before the operation is completed .
In this case, when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to just before the operation of the discharge plate driving device, the rotation speed of the electric motor is decreased, so that the operation is slow-stopped, and the impact sound at the time of stopping can be reduced. it can.

Further, in the above garbage collection vehicle, the discharge device includes a storage box drive device for dumping the dust storage box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump, and the control device has an integrated value indicating that the dump operation of the storage box drive device is completed. When the value corresponding to immediately before is reached, the rotational speed of the electric motor may be gradually reduced to a predetermined value before the end of the dumping operation .
In this case, when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to just before the dumping operation of the storage box drive device, the dumping operation is slow-stopped by reducing the rotation speed of the electric motor, and the impact sound at the time of stopping is reduced. Can do.

Moreover, in the said garbage collection vehicle, a control apparatus may make the loading apparatus perform operation | movement of each process which comprises loading operation | movement based on an integrated value.
In this case, since the start and end of each stroke of the loading device can be sequentially executed based on the integrated value of the discharge amount, the position detection switch at the end of each stroke becomes unnecessary.

According to the garbage truck of the present invention, when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the end of one stroke, the rotational speed of the electric motor is gradually decreased to a predetermined value before the end of the one stroke. The stroke operation can be slow-stopped (decelerated and stopped), and the impact sound at the stop can be reduced. In addition, according to such a configuration, position detection switches such as limit switches and proximity switches are not used to detect the time when the rotational speed is reduced, so that it is not necessary to assemble them and the durability is low. A noisy configuration can be realized.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a garbage truck according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This garbage truck is a press type that has a compression stroke in the loading operation, and the discharge is an extrusion type configuration.
In the figure, the garbage collection vehicle 1 includes a dust storage box 2 and a dust input box (also referred to as a tailgate) 3 connected to the rear part thereof. At the rear of the dust input box 3, an input port 3a for inputting dust is formed, and a lid 3b that slides up and down to open and close the input port 3a is provided. An opening 3 d for loading the dust into the dust storage box 2 is formed in the lower front part of the dust throwing box 3. The dust input box 3 can be rotated around a fulcrum P provided at the upper portion thereof, and can be opened and closed with respect to the dust container box 2. The dust container 3 closes the dust container 2 at the position indicated by the solid line in the figure, and opens the dust container box 2 to discharge the dust when rotated upward as indicated by the two-dot chain line in the figure. Ready for

  Next, the loading device 70 provided in the dust box 3 will be described. First, left and right side walls 3c of the dust box 3 are provided with guide rails 4 extending obliquely up and down, and a pair of left and right rollers 6 attached to the slider 5 are obliquely up and down inside the guide rails 4. Can move. The slider 5 is formed by connecting the left and right members having a side shape as shown in the drawing by a plate or the like (not shown) extending in the vehicle width direction. Further, a pushing plate 8 is rotatably attached to the lower end portion of the slider 5 via a pin 7. The pushing plate 8 is also integrally formed by connecting the left and right side members shown in the figure with a plate or the like (not shown) extending in the vehicle width direction.

  On the other hand, the cylinder side end of the push cylinder 9 is attached to the side wall 3 c by a pin 10, and the piston side end is connected to the upper end of the slider 5 by a pin 11. On the other hand, the cylinder side end of the press cylinder 12 is connected to the pushing plate 8 by a pin 13, and the piston side end is connected to the upper end of the slider 5 by the pin 11. Along with the pushing plate 8, the slider 5 rises obliquely by the extension operation of the push cylinder 9, and descends obliquely by the contraction operation. As a result, the slider 5 can reciprocate corresponding to primary compression and push-in described later. Further, the pushing plate 8 is rotated clockwise around the pin 7 by the extension operation of the press cylinder 12, and is rotated counterclockwise by the contraction operation. Thereby, the pushing plate 8 can be reciprocally rotated corresponding to reversal and secondary compression described later.

  2A is an operation explanatory view in which only the pushing plate 8, the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12 are extracted from FIG. 1 (however, the position of the push cylinder 9 is slightly shifted in order to make the drawing easy to see). ). The pushing plate 8 performs the “reverse” stroke by the contraction operation of the press cylinder 12 with the position shown in (a) as the original position, and enters the state shown in (b). Next, the push plate 8 performs a “primary compression” process by the contraction operation of the push cylinder 9 and is in a state shown in FIG. Subsequently, the pushing plate 8 performs a “secondary compression” process by the extension operation of the press cylinder 12 and is in a state shown in FIG. Finally, the pushing plate 8 performs a “pushing” stroke by the push cylinder 9 extending, and returns to the state shown in FIG. As the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12 operate alternately in this way, the pushing plate 8 performs a stroke operation (reversing, primary compression, secondary compression, pushing). As shown in the drawing, the distal end portion 8a of the pushing plate 8 draws a closed shape in which the operation locus connects four points.

Returning to FIG. 1, a discharge plate 18 is provided inside the garbage container 2 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body. One end 19 a of the telescopic discharge cylinder 19 is connected to the discharge plate 18, and the other end 19 b is connected to the dust container 2. The discharge plate 18 is movable in a range from a position indicated by a solid line to a position indicated by a two-dot chain line in the drawing by expansion and contraction of the discharge cylinder 19. When the dust is empty, the discharge plate 18 is in a position indicated by a solid line, and a space S in which dust is loaded is secured behind the discharge plate 18.
The discharge cylinder 19 constitutes a “discharge plate driving device” that pushes out the dust stored in the dust storage box 2 by the rearward movement of the discharge plate 18 together with a hydraulic device to be described later connected thereto.

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the garbage truck 1. The pair of swing cylinders 20 disposed at the left and right ends of the dust input box 3 has an upper end attached to the dust storage box 2 (FIG. 1) and a lower end attached to the dust input box 3. When the swing cylinder 20 is extended, the dust throwing box 3 rotates upward to open the dust container 2, and closes when the shrinking action is performed.
The swing cylinder 20 together with a hydraulic device (described later) connected to the swing cylinder 20 constitutes a “throw-in box driving device” that opens and closes the dust-throw-in box 3 with respect to the dust storage box 2.

  FIG. 4 is a hydraulic circuit diagram relating to the push cylinder 9, press cylinder 12, discharge cylinder 19 and swing cylinder 20. The hydraulic circuit includes a tank 21, a hydraulic pump 22, pressure control valves 23, 28, 29, 30, 33, a push cylinder solenoid valve 24, a press cylinder solenoid valve 25, a discharge cylinder solenoid valve 26, and a swing cylinder solenoid. A valve (also used as a tailgate lock solenoid valve) 27, switching valves 31, 32, check valves 34 to 39, 43, filters 40, 41, and a tailgate lock (cylinder) 42 are connected as shown in the figure. Configured.

  When the pushing plate 8 is stopped at the original position (FIG. 2A), both the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12 are in the extended state, and the corresponding electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 are in the neutral position. When the solenoid 25s of the press cylinder solenoid valve 25 is energized, "reverse", when the solenoid 25e is energized, "secondary compression", and when the solenoid 24s of the push cylinder solenoid valve 24 is energized, "primary compression", When the solenoid 24e is excited, each operation of “push” is performed.

  When the discharge plate 18 is most advanced and stopped (solid line in FIG. 1), the discharge cylinder 19 is in the most extended state, and the discharge cylinder electromagnetic valve 26 is in the neutral position. When the solenoid 26e of the discharge cylinder solenoid valve 26 is excited, the discharge cylinder 19 extends. Further, when the solenoid 26s is excited, the discharge cylinder 19 is contracted. When the discharge cylinder solenoid valve 26 is in the neutral position with excitation off, both ports 19e and 19s of the discharge cylinder 19 are sealed. However, if the pressure control valve 29 and the switching valve 31 are moved to the open position, the discharge cylinder 19 can be contracted and the discharge plate 18 can be retracted even when the discharge cylinder electromagnetic valve 26 is in the neutral position.

  When the dust box 3 is closed (solid line in FIG. 1), the swing cylinder 20 is in the most contracted state, the swing cylinder solenoid valve 27 is in the neutral position, and the switching valve 32 is in the position shown in the figure. is there. When the solenoid 27e of the swing cylinder solenoid valve 27 is excited, the tailgate lock 42 operates in the unlocking direction, the swing cylinder 20 extends, and the dust throwing box 3 rotates upward. When the solenoid 27e is demagnetized and the switching valve 32 is excited, the hydraulic oil in the swing cylinder 20 is returned to the tank 21 through the switching valve 32 and the swing cylinder electromagnetic valve 27 by the dead weight of the dust throwing box 3. As a result, the swing cylinder 20 contracts and the dust box 3 rotates downward. When the solenoid 27s of the swing cylinder solenoid valve 27 is energized after the dust throwing box 3 reaches the downward rotation end, the tailgate lock 42 is locked, and the dust throwing box 3 is locked. Thereafter, the solenoid 27s is demagnetized, but the lock state of the tailgate lock 42 is maintained by the check valve 43.

  Next, the system configuration of the garbage truck that controls the hydraulic pump 22 and the loading device, the input box drive device, and the discharge plate drive device will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG. When the structure described so far is simplified as the hydraulic pump 22 and its load, the load refers to the loading device 70 that performs the operation of loading the dust thrown into the dust throwing box 3 into the dust containing box 2, and the dust. There are an input box driving device 71 that opens and closes (turns up and down) the input box 3 with respect to the dust storage box 2, and a discharge plate driving device 72 that pushes out the stored dust by moving the discharge plate 18. Note that the input box driving device 71 and the discharge plate driving device 72 are common in that they perform an operation for discharging the dust stored in the dust storage box 2, and both constitute a discharge device 73. I can say that. The loading device 70, the input box drive device 71 and the discharge plate drive device 72 are controlled by the controller 50.

  On the other hand, a generator 64 is connected to the engine 63 of the garbage truck. The output voltage of the generator 64 is supplied to an inverter 66 (including a gate control circuit) via a rectifier 65. An AC motor (induction motor) 67 for driving the hydraulic pump 22 is connected to the inverter 66. The AC motor 67 includes a rotation speed sensor 68, and the output is input to the controller 50 described above. The rotational speed sensor 68 and the controller 50 constitute a “flow rate detection device”. The controller 50 also receives signals from a plurality of operation switches 51 regarding the operations of the loading device 70, the input box drive device 71 and the discharge plate drive device 72. Based on these signals, the controller 50 and the inverter 66 constitute a control device 69 that controls the rotational speed of the AC motor 67 while using the output of the rotational speed sensor 68 as a feedback signal.

Further, the controller 50 counts a signal (pulse) from the rotation speed sensor 68 and measures the rotation speed per unit time. For example, the hydraulic pump 22 discharges 30 milliliters of oil per rotation of the AC motor 67. Therefore, if the rotational speed is N [rpm], the discharge amount Q [liter / minute] per minute is
Q = 30 × 10 ⁻³ × N. . . (1)
Can be calculated as The controller 50 calculates and stores the integrated value of the discharge amount Q from the start of operation of each device (70, 71, 72).

  The loading of the dust, the driving of the dust box 3 and the driving of the discharge plate 18 are performed by setting the engine 63 in an idling state, for example, and using the inverter 66 to convert the DC voltage obtained by rectifying the output voltage of the generator 64 from the controller 50. This is performed by converting the AC voltage of the instructed frequency to the AC motor 67 and operating the hydraulic pump 22 to supply the pressure oil.

Next, the discharge amount control (rotational speed control) during operation of the loading device 70 will be described.
The solid line portion in FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in the discharge amount in one cycle of the loading device 70. The horizontal axis represents the integrated value ΣQ [liter] of the discharge amount, and the vertical axis represents the discharge amount Q [liter / minute]. Show. A dotted line portion represents a conventional discharge amount for reference, which is a constant value (39.5 [liter / minute]) during the entire stroke.
When an operation start command for the loading device 70 is given from the operation switch 51, the controller 50 causes the loading device 70 to perform the above-described inversion, primary compression, secondary compression, and pushing processes based on the integrated value ΣQ. And let them do the following: Each numerical value is an example, and varies depending on the design specification of the loading device 70.

(1) ΣQ = 0 to 0.04 liter (immediately after the start of inversion)
Inversion starts and the rotational speed is gradually increased from zero. Specifically, the integrated value is increased to reach 1600 [rpm] at 0.04 liter.
(2) ΣQ = 0.04-0.96 liter (in the middle of inversion)
In this range, the rotational speed is held at 1600 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q1 = 48.0 [liter / minute].
(3) ΣQ = 0.96 to 0.99 liters (immediately before the end of reversal to at the end of reversal)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1600 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 0.96 to 0.99 liters.

(4) ΣQ = 0.99 to 1.04 liters (immediately after the start of primary compression)
Start primary compression and gradually increase the rotational speed. Specifically, the rotational speed is increased from 0 to 1450 [rpm] until the integrated value reaches 0.99 to 1.04 liters.
(5) ΣQ = 1.04 to 2.61 liters (during primary compression)
In this range, the rotational speed is held at 1450 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q2 = 43.5 [liter / minute].
(6) ΣQ = 2.61 to 2.64 liters (immediately before the end of primary compression to end of primary compression)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually reduced. Specifically, 1450 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 2.61 to 2.64 liters.

(7) ΣQ = 2.64-2.68 liters (immediately after the start of secondary compression)
Secondary compression is started and the rotational speed is gradually increased. Specifically, the rotational speed is increased from 0 to 1450 [rpm] until the integrated value reaches 2.64 to 2.68 liters.
(8) ΣQ = 2.68-4.26 liter (during secondary compression)
In this range, the rotational speed is held at 1450 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q3 = 43.5 [liter / minute].
(9) ΣQ = 4.26 to 4.29 liters (immediately before the end of secondary compression to end of secondary compression)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1450 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 4.26 to 4.29 liters.

(10) ΣQ = 4.29 to 4.33 liters (immediately after the start of pushing)
Start pushing and gradually increase the rotation speed. Specifically, the rotational speed is increased from 0 to 1383 [rpm] until the integrated value reaches 4.29 to 4.33 liters.
(11) ΣQ = 4.33 to 7.22 liters (while pushing in)
In this range, the rotation speed is maintained at 1383 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q4 = 41.5 [liter / minute].
(12) ΣQ = 7.22 to 7.25 liters (immediately before the end of pushing to the end of pushing)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1383 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 7.22 to 7.25 liters.
One cycle of the loading operation is completed by the processes (1) to (12). The accumulated value is reset here, and accumulated from 0 again in the next cycle.

  As described above, by reducing the rotational speed immediately before the end of each stroke, each cylinder (push cylinder 9, press cylinder 12) can be slow-stopped (decelerated and stopped), and the impact sound at the time of stopping can be reduced. it can. Similarly, immediately after the start of each stroke, a slow start, that is, a gradual increase in the number of revolutions, can also mitigate the impact sound at the start of each cylinder. In addition, since a position detection switch such as a limit switch or a proximity switch is not used to detect when to reduce the rotational speed, it is possible to realize a low-noise configuration that does not require assembling work and has excellent durability. Furthermore, from the inversion (except for the first start), the primary compression, secondary compression, and indentation start / end (in the case of a continuous cycle, the start / end of each stroke of the next cycle) Since the process can be executed sequentially based on the integrated value, a position detection switch at the end of each stroke is also unnecessary. However, if a position detection switch that detects the origin position of each cylinder in the loading operation (for example, the position shown in FIG. 2A) is provided, the integrated value of the discharge amount must be reset to match the physical origin. Can do.

In the above case, the discharge amount (rotation speed) at the end of one stroke is set to 0 instantaneously, but this need not necessarily be 0. For example, a predetermined discharge amount other than 0, which is sufficiently smaller than Q1 to Q4, may be set as a local minimum value instead of 0.
In the above case, both the slow start and the slow stop are employed. However, since the noise at the time of stop is generally larger, a sufficient noise prevention effect can be obtained even with only the slow stop. Also, the effect of reducing noise can be obtained by adopting at least one stroke instead of the entire stroke.

Next, discharge amount control (rotational speed control) during operation of the input box drive device 71 will be described.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change in the discharge amount when the dust box 3 is rotated upward by the input box driving device 71. The horizontal axis is the integrated value ΣQ [liter] of the discharge amount, and the vertical axis is the discharge amount Q [ L / min]. A dotted line portion represents a conventional discharge amount for reference, which is a constant value (39.5 [liter / minute]) during the entire stroke.
When an operation start command for the input box drive device 71 is given from the operation switch 51, the controller 50 causes the swing cylinder 20 constituting the input box drive device 71 to perform an extension operation in the following manner. Each numerical value is an example and varies depending on the design specification of the input box drive device 71.

(1) ΣQ = 0 to 0.04 liters (immediately after starting the upward rotation)
Starts upward rotation and gradually increases the rotational speed. Specifically, the integrated value is increased to reach 1400 [rpm] at 0.04 liter.
(2) ΣQ = 0.04-3.90 liters (while turning upward)
In this range, the rotational speed is held at 1400 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q5 = 42.0 [liter / min].
(3) ΣQ = 3.90 to 3.95 liters (immediately before the end of upward rotation to end of upward rotation)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1400 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 3.90 to 3.95 liters.
The upward rotation operation is completed by the processes (1) to (3). The integrated value is reset here.

As described above, by reducing the rotational speed immediately before the end of the upward rotation, the swing cylinder 20 can be slow-stopped, and the impact sound at the stop can be mitigated. Similarly, immediately after the start of upward rotation, by gradually increasing the number of rotations, it is possible to mitigate the impact sound at startup. In addition, since a position detection switch such as a limit switch or a proximity switch is not used to detect the time when the rotational speed is reduced, it is possible to realize a low-noise configuration that does not require assembling work and has excellent durability.
The downward rotation from the upward rotation state is performed by returning the hydraulic oil in the swing cylinder 20 to the tank 21. Therefore, downward rotation is not subject to rotation speed control.

Next, the discharge amount control (rotational speed control) during the operation of the discharge plate driving device 72 will be described.
FIG. 8A is a graph showing a change in the discharge amount when the discharge plate 18 is moved backward by the discharge plate driving device 72. The horizontal axis is the integrated value ΣQ [liter] of the discharge amount, and the vertical axis is the discharge amount. Q [liter / minute] is shown. Moreover, (b) is a graph which shows the change of the discharge amount at the time of the forward movement of the discharge plate 18. For both (a) and (b), the dotted line portion represents the conventional discharge amount for reference, which is a constant value (39.5 [liter / min]) during the entire stroke.
Assuming that the dust box 3 is rotated upward and is in the position indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, and the discharge plate 18 is in the front position indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. When an operation start command for (backward movement) is given, the controller 50 causes the discharge cylinder 19 constituting the discharge plate driving device 72 to perform a contraction operation in the following manner. Each numerical value is an example, and varies depending on the design specification of the discharge plate driving device 72.

(1) ΣQ = 0 to 0.06 liters (immediately after starting to move backward)
Start backward movement and gradually increase the rotation speed. Specifically, the integrated value is increased to reach 1380 [rpm] at 0.06.
(2) ΣQ = 0.06-5.87 liters (while moving backward)
In this range, the rotation speed is maintained at 1380 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q6 = 41.5 [liter / minute].
(3) ΣQ = 5.87 to 5.93 liters (immediately before the end of backward movement to the end of backward movement)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1380 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 5.93 liters from 5.87.
The backward movement operation is completed by the above processes (1) to (3). The integrated value is reset here.

  When the backward movement of the discharge plate 18 is completed, the dust is discharged from the dust container 2. Next, when an operation start command for returning (moving the discharge plate forward) is given from the operation switch 51, the controller 50 causes the discharge cylinder 19 to perform an extension operation in the following manner.

(1) ΣQ = 0 to 0.06 liters (immediately after starting to move forward)
Start moving forward and gradually increase the speed. Specifically, the integrated value is increased to reach 1400 [rpm] at 0.06.
(2) ΣQ = 0.06 to 4.69 liters (while moving forward)
In this range, the rotational speed is held at 1400 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q7 = 42.0 [liter / minute].
(3) ΣQ = 4.69-4.75 liters (immediately before the end of forward movement to end of forward movement)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1400 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 4.69 to 4.75 liters.
The forward movement operation is completed by the processes (1) to (3). The integrated value is reset here.

  As described above, in both the rear and the front, the discharge cylinder 19 can be slow-stopped by reducing the rotational speed immediately before the end of the discharge plate movement, so that the impact sound at the stop can be reduced. Similarly, by immediately increasing the rotation speed immediately after the start of movement, the impact sound at the time of activation can be reduced. In addition, since a position detection switch such as a limit switch or a proximity switch is not used to detect when to reduce the rotational speed, it is possible to realize a low-noise configuration that does not require assembling work and has excellent durability.

Next, a garbage truck according to the second embodiment will be described.
FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of the garbage truck according to the second embodiment. This garbage collection vehicle has a rotary plate type loading and a dump type dumping configuration.Therefore, the configuration as a loading device and a part of the configuration as a discharging device are different from the first embodiment, The swing cylinder 20 and the like as the input box drive device are the same as those in the first embodiment.
In the figure, as in the first embodiment, the garbage collection vehicle 1 includes a dust storage box 2 and a dust input box 3, and behind the dust input box 3, an input port 3a into which dust is input. Further, a lid 3b is provided for sliding the opening 3a up and down to open and close. An opening 3 d for loading the dust into the dust storage box 2 is formed in the lower front part of the dust throwing box 3. The dust box 3 can be rotated around a fulcrum (not shown) provided at the upper portion thereof, and can be opened and closed with respect to the dust container 2.

  In FIG. 9, cylinder side base end portions 81a of pushing cylinders 81 are pivotally attached to the left and right side walls 3c of the dust box 3, so that the pushing cylinder 81 can be rotated. The pushing plate 82 is formed by connecting the left and right side-shaped members as shown in the drawing with a plate or the like (not shown) extending in the vehicle width direction and integrated, and is attached to the side wall 3c. It can be rotated around a shaft 83. The upper end portion of the pushing plate 82 and the tip end portion of the piston rod of the pushing cylinder 81 are connected to each other by a pin 84. Thus, when the pushing cylinder 81 is extended, the pushing cylinder 81 itself rotates counterclockwise. While moving, the pushing plate 82 is rotated in the clockwise direction to be in a state indicated by a solid line in the figure. Further, when the pushing cylinder 81 contracts from that state, the pushing cylinder 81 itself turns in the clockwise direction while turning the pushing plate 82 in the counterclockwise direction, resulting in a state indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure. .

  On the other hand, the rotating plate 85 extending in the vehicle width direction in the illustrated side surface shape is rotatable around a support shaft 86 that is rotatably attached to the side wall 3c around the axis (the clockwise direction is the normal rotation direction). .) The position of the rotary plate 85 (approximately 9 o'clock position) is the origin position, and is usually stopped here. The inner bottom surface 3 e of the dust box 3 is formed in an arc shape along the turning locus of the tip of the rotating plate 85.

  In the loading device 170 configured as described above, when dust is thrown into the dust throwing box 3, the rotating plate 85 rises to the illustrated position (position of approximately 9 o'clock) while stirring dust. When the rotary plate 85 comes to the position shown in the figure, the pushing plate 82 rotates clockwise from the position of the two-dot chain line to the position of the solid line, and the dust placed on the rotary plate 85 is accommodated in the dust. Push into box 2. Thereafter, the pushing plate 82 starts to rotate counterclockwise from the time when the rotating plate 85 exceeds the 12 o'clock position, and returns to the original position by the start of the next pushing operation. Such a periodic operation is performed in one cycle or a continuous cycle.

  On the other hand, a dump cylinder 87 is provided under the floor of the refuse storage box 2, and a cylinder-side base end portion 87 a is pivotally attached to the vehicle body frame F. Further, the piston rod side tip portion 87 b is pivotally attached to the lower surface of the dust container 2. The refuse storage box 2 has a structure capable of dumping (turning upward) about the support shaft 88. Similarly to the first embodiment, after the dust container 3 is rotated upward to open the dust container 2, the dump container 87 in the contracted operation state is extended, so that the dust container 2 is centered on the support shaft 88. As a result, the stored dust can be dumped and discharged.

  FIG. 10 is a hydraulic circuit diagram relating to the pushing cylinder 81, the dump cylinder 87, the swing cylinder 20, and the hydraulic motor 89 that rotates the rotating plate 85. The hydraulic circuit includes a tank 21, a hydraulic pump 22, a pushing cylinder solenoid valve 93, a hydraulic motor solenoid valve 94, a dump cylinder solenoid valve 95, and a swing cylinder solenoid valve (also serving as a tailgate lock solenoid valve) 27. The switching valve 32, the tailgate lock (cylinder) 42, the other pressure control valves 96 to 99, the check valves 43 and 100 to 105, the filter 40 and the like are connected as shown in the figure.

  When the solenoid 93s of the push-in cylinder solenoid valve 93 is excited, the push-in plate 82 reaches the position of the two-dot chain line in FIG. 9, and reaches the push-in position of the solid line when the solenoid 93e is excited. The hydraulic motor 89 rotates forward when the solenoid 94n of the electromagnetic valve 94 for the hydraulic motor is excited, and rotates the rotating plate 85 in the clockwise direction of FIG. When the solenoid 94r is excited, it reverses. The dump cylinder 87 expands when the solenoid 95e of the dump cylinder solenoid valve 95 is excited, and contracts when the solenoid 95s is excited. The operations relating to the swing cylinder 20 and the tailgate lock 42 are the same as in the first embodiment.

  As in the first embodiment, the refuse collection vehicle 1 of the second embodiment configured as described above includes the solenoids 27e, 27s, 93e, 93s, 94n, 94r, 95e, 95s, and the switching valve 32. By the excitation and demagnetization by the controller 50, each operation of loading (rotation + pushing), input box driving (rotation), and storage box driving (dump) is performed.

  Next, the system configuration of the garbage truck according to the second embodiment for controlling the hydraulic pump 22, the loading device, the input box driving device and the storage box driving device will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG. . The difference from FIG. 5 is that the load of the hydraulic pump 22 is a rotating plate type loading device 170 that performs an operation of loading the dust thrown into the dust throwing box 3 into the dust receiving box 2 and the dust throwing box 3 to the dust containing box. 2 and an input box driving device 171 that opens and closes (rotates up and down) (this is substantially the same as the input box driving device 71 of the first embodiment), and a storage that discharges the stored dust by a dumping operation. It is a point which is with the box drive device 172. The input box drive device 171 and the storage box drive device 172 are common in that they perform an operation for discharging the dust stored in the dust storage box 2, and both constitute a discharge device 173. I can say that. The loading device 170, the input box drive device 171 and the storage box drive device 172 are controlled by the controller 50.

Next, discharge amount control (rotational speed control) during operation of the loading device 170 will be described. The solid line portion in FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change in the discharge amount in one cycle of the loading device 170. The horizontal axis represents the integrated value ΣQ [liter] of the discharge amount, and the vertical axis represents the discharge amount Q [liter / minute]. Show. A dotted line portion represents a conventional discharge amount for reference, which is a constant value (30.0 [liter / minute]) during the entire stroke.
When the operation start command of the loading device 170 is given from the operation switch 51, the controller 50 causes the loading device 170 to set the above-described normal rotation of the rotating plate 85 and pushing of the pushing plate 82 to the integrated value ΣQ. Based on the following procedure. Each numerical value is an example, and varies depending on the design specification of the loading device 170.

(1) ΣQ = 0 to 0.04 liter (immediately after the start of forward rotation of the rotating plate)
The forward rotation of the rotary plate 85 is started, and the rotational speed is gradually increased from zero. Specifically, the integrated value is increased to reach 1033 [rpm] at 0.04 liter.
(2) ΣQ = 0.04-3.48 liters (during forward rotation)
In this range, the rotation speed is held at 1033 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q1 = 31.0 [liter / minute]. Further, for example, the pushing cylinder 81 is contracted from ΣQ = 0.88 liter corresponding to the position of the rotating plate 85 at 12:00, and the pushing plate 82 at the position of the solid line in FIG. 9 is returned to the position of the two-dot chain line. This return operation ends when the rotating plate 85 reaches the 3 o'clock position.
(3) ΣQ = 3.48 to 3.51 liters (immediately before and after the end of forward rotation)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1033 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches 3.51 liters from 3.48.

(4) ΣQ = 3.51 to 3.55 liters (immediately after the start of pushing of the pushing plate)
Pushing by the pushing plate 82 is started, and the rotational speed is gradually increased. Specifically, the rotational speed is increased from 0 to 1083 [rpm] until the integrated value reaches 3.51 to 3.55 liters.
(5) ΣQ = 3.55 to 5.48 liters (while pushing in)
In this range, the rotational speed is maintained at 1083 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q2 = 32.5 [liter / min].
(6) ΣQ = 5.48 to 5.51 liters (immediately before the end of pushing-in)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually reduced. Specifically, 1083 [rpm] is reduced to 0 by the time the integrated value reaches from 5.48 to 5.51 liters.
One cycle of the loading operation is completed by the above processes (1) to (6). The accumulated value is reset here, and accumulated from 0 again in the next cycle.

  As described above, the rotation speed is decreased just before the rotation of the rotating plate 85 and the pressing by the pressing plate 82 are ended, so that the pushing cylinder 81 and the hydraulic motor 89 are slow-stopped (decelerated and stopped). The impact sound can be reduced. Similarly, immediately after the start of forward rotation and pushing, a slow start, that is, gradually increasing the number of rotations, can also mitigate the impact noise when the pushing cylinder 81 and the hydraulic motor are started. In addition, since a position detection switch such as a limit switch or a proximity switch is not used to detect when to reduce the rotational speed, it is possible to realize a low-noise configuration that does not require assembling work and has excellent durability. Further, since the operation from the start of forward rotation to the completion of pushing can be sequentially executed based on the integrated value of the discharge amount, in principle, the origin of the rotating plate 85 and the position detection switch at the end of the stroke of the pushing plate 82 are unnecessary. become. However, when a position detection switch for detecting that the rotary plate 85 is at the origin position (approximately 9 o'clock position in the figure) is provided, the integrated value of the discharge amount can be reset in accordance with the physical origin. .

  In the above case, the slow start / slow stop is not adopted for the return operation of the pushing plate 82. This is due to the following reason. That is, as described above, the returning operation proceeds simultaneously with the normal rotation of the rotary plate 85. In this case, the hydraulic motor electromagnetic valve 94 is in the normal rotation position in FIG. The discharged oil passes through the hydraulic motor 89 and is sent to the pushing cylinder 81. In other words, the pushing cylinder 81 at this time is connected in series with the hydraulic motor 89. Therefore, if the rotational speed is controlled to adopt the slow start / slow stop for the returning operation in this state, the rotating plate 85 during normal rotation is stopped halfway, which is not preferable.

Moreover, in the said 2nd Embodiment, although the discharge amount (rotation speed) at the time of completion | finish of forward rotation is set to 0 instantaneously, this may not necessarily be 0. For example, a predetermined discharge amount other than 0 and sufficiently smaller than Q1 and Q2 may be set as a local minimum value instead of 0.
In the second embodiment, both the slow start and the slow stop are adopted. However, since noise at the time of stop is generally larger, a sufficient noise prevention effect can be obtained even with only the slow stop. In addition, the effect of reducing noise can be obtained by adopting only the forward rotation of the rotating plate 85 or the pushing of the pushing plate 82.

  On the other hand, since the discharge amount control (rotational speed control) during the operation of the charging box drive device 171 is the same as that in the first embodiment (FIG. 7), the description thereof is omitted.

Next, the discharge amount control (rotational speed control) at the time of operation of the storage box drive device 172 will be described.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing changes in the discharge amount during the dumping operation by the storage box drive device 172, where the horizontal axis shows the integrated value ΣQ [liter] of the discharge amount and the vertical axis shows the discharge amount Q [liter / minute]. ing. A dotted line portion represents a conventional discharge amount for reference, which is a constant value (30.0 [liter / minute]) during the entire stroke.
When the dust input box 3 is rotated upward to open the dust storage box 2 and a dump operation start command is given from the operation switch 51, the controller 50 applies the following procedure to the dump cylinder 87 constituting the storage box driving device 172. Then, the decompression operation is executed. In addition, each numerical value is an example and changes with design specifications of the storage box drive device 172.

(1) ΣQ = 0 to 0.09 liters (immediately after the start of dumping)
Start dumping and gradually increase the rotation speed. Specifically, the integrated value is increased to reach 1133 [rpm] at 0.09.
(2) ΣQ = 0.09-3.91 liters (during dumping operation)
In this range, the rotational speed is held at 1133 [rpm]. In terms of the discharge amount, Q3 = 34.0 [liter / minute].
(3) ΣQ = 3.91 to 4.00 liters (immediately before the end of the dump operation to the end of the dump operation)
In this range, the rotational speed is gradually decreased, and 1133 [rpm] is reduced to 0 until the integrated value reaches from 3.91 to 4.00 liters.
The dump operation is completed by the above processes (1) to (3). The integrated value is reset here.

The dust is discharged from the dust container 2 by the above dumping operation.
The lowering operation after the dump operation is performed by stopping the hydraulic pump 22 and returning the hydraulic oil in the dump cylinder 87 to the tank 21. Therefore, the lowering operation is not subject to rotation speed control.

  As described above, by reducing the rotational speed immediately before the end of the dump operation, the dump cylinder 87 can be slow-stopped, and the impact sound at the time of stop can be reduced. Similarly, immediately after the start of the dumping operation, the impact sound at the time of start-up can be reduced by gradually increasing the rotational speed by a slow start. In addition, since a position detection switch such as a limit switch or a proximity switch is not used to detect the time when the rotational speed is reduced, it is possible to realize a low-noise configuration that does not require assembling work and has excellent durability.

  In each of the above embodiments, the AC motor 67 is used. However, the AC motor 67 is not limited to an AC motor, and any electric motor can be used. It is also possible to control the number of revolutions of the motor by changing.

In each of the above embodiments, the discharge amount is handled as an amount corresponding to the rotation speed of the AC motor, and the rotation speed sensor 68 detects the rotation speed corresponding to the discharge amount. However, instead of the rotation speed sensor, the hydraulic pump 22 A flow rate sensor that directly detects the discharge amount may be provided, and the flow rate detection device may be configured together with the controller 50.
In each of the above embodiments, the engine is driven and power is supplied from the generator. However, it is also possible to stop the engine and supply power to the control device 69 from a battery (not shown).

  In the first embodiment, the discharge is performed by moving the discharge plate, and in the second embodiment, the discharge is performed by the dumping operation. However, reverse discharge methods may be employed.

It is side sectional drawing which shows the refuse collection vehicle by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which extracted only the pushing board, the push cylinder, and the press cylinder from FIG. It is a rear view of the refuse collection vehicle by the said 1st Embodiment. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the refuse collection vehicle by the said 1st Embodiment. It is a control block diagram in the refuse collection vehicle by the said 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the change of the discharge amount with respect to the integrated value of the discharge amount with respect to the loading apparatus of the garbage truck by the said 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the change of the discharge amount with respect to the integrated value of the discharge amount with respect to the input box drive device of the refuse collection vehicle by the said 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the change of the discharge amount with respect to the integrated value of the discharge amount with respect to the discharge plate drive device of the refuse collection vehicle by the said 1st Embodiment. It is side sectional drawing which shows the garbage truck by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the refuse collection vehicle by the said 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the system configuration | structure of the refuse collection vehicle by the said 2nd Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the change of the discharge amount with respect to the integrated value of the discharge amount with respect to the loading apparatus of the garbage truck by the said 2nd Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the change of the discharge amount with respect to the integrated value of the discharge amount with respect to the storage box drive device of the garbage truck by the said 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dust collection truck 2 Dust storage box 3 Dust input box 22 Hydraulic pump 50 Controller 67 AC motor (electric motor)
68 Rotational speed sensor (part of flow rate detection device)
69 Control device 70 Loading device 71 Loading box driving device 72 Discharging plate driving device 170 Loading device 171 Loading box driving device 172 Storage box driving device

Claims (6)

A dust bin,
A dust input box connected to the dust container;
An electric motor;
A hydraulic pump driven by the electric motor;
A loading device for performing an operation of loading the dust thrown into the dust throwing box into the dust containing box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump;
A discharge device that performs an operation for discharging the dust stored in the dust storage box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump;
A flow rate detection device for detecting an integrated value of the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump;
The electric motor is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed based on the integrated value detected by the flow rate detection device, and the integrated value corresponds to at least immediately before the end of at least one stroke constituting the operation of the loading device and the discharging device. And a controller for gradually reducing the rotational speed to a predetermined value before the end of the one stroke when the value is reached. When the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the end of each stroke constituting the loading operation of the loading device, the controller sets the rotation speed of the electric motor until the end of each stroke. The refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, which is gradually reduced to a predetermined value . The discharge device includes an input box driving device that vertically rotates the dust input box with respect to the dust storage box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump,
The control device gradually reduces the rotational speed of the electric motor to a predetermined value by the end of the raising operation when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the raising operation of the charging box driving device. Item 1. A garbage collection vehicle according to item 1. The discharge device includes a discharge plate driving device that pushes out the dust stored in the dust storage box by moving the discharge plate based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump,
2. The control device gradually reduces the rotational speed of the electric motor to a predetermined value by the end of operation when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the operation of the discharge plate driving device. The listed garbage truck. The discharge device includes a storage box drive device that dumps the dust storage box based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pump,
The control device gradually reduces the rotational speed of the electric motor to a predetermined value by the end of the dump operation when the integrated value reaches a value corresponding to immediately before the dump operation of the storage box drive device. Item 1. A garbage collection vehicle according to item 1.   The said control apparatus is a refuse collection vehicle as described in any one of Claims 1-5 which makes the said loading apparatus perform the operation | movement of each process which comprises loading operation | movement based on the said integrated value.

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