JP4263032B2 - Vacuum suction oil recovery system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vacuum suction oil recovery system that recovers by vacuum suction of oil that has flowed out of a ship or the like that has caused an accident. More specifically, the present invention is mounted on an oil recovery ship that operates near the ship and floats on the sea. The present invention relates to a vacuum suction oil recovery system that efficiently recovers and collects the oil being vacuumed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Early on January 2, 1997, a Russian-registered old tanker, Nakhodka, sailed from Shanghai to Petropavlovsk with approximately 19,000 kl of C heavy oil for heating in the Great Sea of Japan (off Oki Island, Shimane Prefecture) No. ”breakage occurred, the hull was flooded, and the crew evacuated by boat, but the captain was missing, and at a later date there was an accident that arose on the coast of Fukui Prefecture.
[0003]
The above-mentioned hull sinks to the bottom of the sea about 2,500m in depth, and the bow part separated from the hull drifts under the strong northwest seasonal wind and crosses the Tsushima coast in Fukui Prefecture in the Echizen Kaga Coast National Park. Grounded off Mt. Then, about 6,240 kl of heavy oil in the cargo flows out, and a part of about 12,500 kl of heavy oil remaining in the oil tank of the hull sinking to the seabed continues to flow out.
[0004]
The heavy oil that spilled to the sea drifted to the coasts of Fukui Prefecture and many other prefectures on the coast of the Japan Sea, and had a huge impact on the environment. What was recovered by work is new to memory.
[0005]
The maritime accidents described above often occur when the wind is extremely cold in winter, but the recovery operation of the spilled heavy oil at this time is severe. In other words, the spilled heavy oil floated on the cold sea surface and was engulfed by waves over a long period of time, and as a result, gradually increased in hardness to 300,000 centipoise or more, and it was altered like soft asphalt.
[0006]
Therefore, even if the suction hose lowered from the deck of the recovery ship is used for vacuum suction, the suction hose is closed and cannot be easily suctioned. Therefore, a method was adopted in which high-pressure water was injected into the heavy oil that changed into a lump shape as described above, and separated into small lumps, which were scooped up and collected with a cypress stretched from the ship. For this, a handle with a handle length of 3.5 m or more is required, and the weight of heavy oil applied to the pumping part provided at the tip of the handle feels 10 kg or more.
[0007]
Therefore, the work of lifting the ladle pumping part from the sea surface to the ship and putting it into the drum can on the ship requires physical strength, and even a young person with physical strength can only work for about 15 minutes. The dredging work was carried out in a poor place on the coastal rocky ground, but it was said that the work of one person per day was at most inefficient as much as one drum can.
[0008]
Since such tanker oil spill accidents often occur, various apparatuses and methods have been proposed for collecting spilled oil (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-8354 A (pages 2 to 3, FIG. 1)
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as described above, in the method of sucking and pumping with a pump, there is an essential problem that oil having a high viscosity, such as heavy oil, cannot be easily vacuumed. There is also a method of sucking oil with a submersible pump, but a device such as a submersible pump has a considerable weight, so it is difficult to follow a wave, and it is easier to suck only water than oil on the water surface.
[0011]
Furthermore, when sucking an oil film with relatively low viscosity floating on the surface of the sea with a suction hose that is lowered from the surface of the recovery vessel, it is necessary to make the hose tip follow the wave motion and move it up and down. It is a hard work to operate a hose with a wave following the movement of a wave.
[0012]
Therefore, in actual work, the tip of the hose is submerged in seawater to suck in a large amount of seawater, or the tip floats up and the vacuum is interrupted, making it difficult to efficiently suck up the oil floating on the sea surface. .
[0013]
On the other hand, a method of collecting spilled oil with a net conveyor has also been proposed. However, if the endless net conveyor has a certain rotation speed, in the case of high-viscosity oil, the oil drips from the net of the net. However, in the case of low-viscosity oil, the oil drips from the net of the net, and there is a problem that it cannot be recovered.
[0014]
The present invention provides a vacuum suction oil recovery system that focuses on the principle of tornado and sucks and recovers oil floating on the water surface at a high concentration by using negative pressure generated around a high-speed jet stream. It is.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the object, the vacuum suction oil recovery system of the present invention is configured as follows.
[0016]
(1) Vacuum suction of oil floating on the water surface by an oil suction pipe provided with a suction port that follows the vertical movement of the wave at the tip, that is , air suction pipe, cyclone gas-liquid separator, oil by a vacuum suction device A vacuum suction oil recovery system that sucks and recovers air through a suction tube and a suction port , wherein an air suction tube is provided in a body portion of the suction port, and an opening of the air suction tube is opened and closed by a lid. This is a vacuum suction oil recovery system.
[0017]
(2) While providing a water injection pipe in the oil suction pipe , a water injection pipe is provided in a separated oil discharge pipe that is indirectly connected to the oil suction pipe via a cyclone-type gas-liquid separator and an oil / water rough separator, The vacuum suction oil recovery system according to (1) , wherein water for lubrication is injected into each pipe from each water injection pipe .
[0020]
( 3 ) The oil / water coarse separation device includes a stationary / gravity separation type separation element in its main body, and the separation element includes a plurality of horizontal plates arranged in multiple stages, and a rectifying plate arranged before and after the horizontal plates. The vacuum suction oil recovery system according to (2), wherein the horizontal plate is made of a synthetic resin plate such as polypropylene or polyethylene plate or a metal plate surface-treated with a synthetic resin coat .
[0022]
( 4 ) A wave height limiting plate having a wave return portion curved obliquely downward is provided in front of the suction port in the traveling direction, and the short wave triangular wave is erased by the wave height limiting plate. The vacuum suction oil recovery system according to ( 1 ).
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 1, the oil recovery ship 50 is equipped with a vacuum suction oil recovery device 48 that is applied to the vacuum suction oil recovery system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the vacuum suction oil recovery device 48 mainly includes an oil suction tube 2, a cyclone gas-liquid separator 3, an air suction tube 4, a vacuum suction device 5, an oil / water rough separation device 6, and a separated oil discharge. It comprises a pipe (oil drain pipe) 7, a drain pump 8, a drain oil pump 10, an oil storage tank 11, and water injection pipes 12 and 13.
[0025]
In the suction by high-speed air flow, when the transfer pipe, that is, the oil suction pipe 2 is horizontal, when the pipe length becomes long, a large number of plugs (pipe blockage due to a lump of oil) are generated in the pipe and the pressure loss suddenly increases. In the present invention, the oil suction pipe 2 is raised almost vertically as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to prevent the occurrence of plugs. ing.
[0026]
Further, the trumpet-shaped suction port 1 attached to the distal end portion of the oil suction tube 2 includes a flexible portion 17 provided at the distal end bent portion of the oil absorption tube 2 and the suction port 1 as shown in FIG. This is a so-called “wave riding mechanism” that follows the vertical movement of a wave by a hollow cylindrical floating body (float) 18 attached to the lower part.
[0027]
According to experiments, it has been found that the oil recovery force is stronger when the oil suction port 1 is immersed in the oil intermittently than when the oil suction port 1 is always buried in the oil. This is because the average transport amount can be increased by sucking oil and then sucking and blowing air. FIG. 4 shows a mechanism for periodically sucking air. A sliding lid 26 is provided at the opening of the air suction pipe 25, and the sliding lid 26 is periodically opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder 27.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 2, the oil suction port 1 is supported by the float 18, and the swivel 32 follows the wave with the swivel 32 serving as a rotation center. When oil is not recovered, the oil suction port 1 can be lifted from the sea surface by the hydraulic cylinder 33.
[0029]
The upper end of the oil suction pipe 2 is connected to a cyclone type gas-liquid separator 3 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5A, the cyclone gas-liquid separator 3 has a cylindrical shape, and the oil suction pipe 2 is connected in a tangential direction of the cylindrical cyclone main body 14.
[0030]
Therefore, when the air d is sucked by the vacuum suction device 5 through the air suction tube 4, the cyclone gas-liquid separator 3, the oil suction tube 2 and the suction port 1, the oil suction tube 2 and the suction port 1 have a negative pressure. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the floating oil a on the water surface is sucked by the high-speed jet air flow j.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 5 (b), the oil water b is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical cyclone main body 14 by the centrifugal force in the cyclone gas-liquid separator 3 and falls to the lower part thereof. On the other hand, since the density of the air d is small, it passes through the air suction pipe 4 at the center of the cyclone body 14 and is exhausted into the atmosphere. Since no plug is experimentally generated in the vertical oil suction pipe 2, the high-viscosity floating oil a floating on the sea surface is collected by the cyclone gas-liquid separator 3.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 3, the oil water b collected in the cyclone type gas-liquid separator 3 is sucked through the oil / water coarse separator 6 by the drain pump 8 and the drain pump 10. The oil water b is roughly separated into oil a ′ and water w while passing through the oil / water rough separation device 6.
[0033]
The separated water w is discharged toward the sea surface in order to crush oil collection or floating oil a into a small lump from a discharge nozzle 15 that is partly attached to the tip of the drain pipe 9 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). ). As shown in FIG. 3, the remaining separated water w is supplied from the water injection pipe 12 into the oil suction pipe 2 and recycled as a lubricant for suction oil transported in the pipe.
[0034]
The separated oil a ′ roughly separated by the oil / water coarse separation device 6 is transferred from the separated oil discharge pipe 7 to the oil storage tank 11. In the case of high-viscosity oil, the frictional resistance passing through the oil drain pipe 7 becomes high, so 5 to 10% of water w is added from the water injection pipe 13 into the oil drain pipe 7 as shown in FIGS. In this way, when water w is added from the water injection pipe 13 into the oil discharge pipe 7, the water w acts as a lubricant, the frictional resistance becomes very small, and the separated oil a ′ can be smoothly transferred.
[0035]
If the amount of water injected from the water injection pipe 13 into the oil discharge pipe 7 is less than 5%, the lubrication effect by water injection cannot be obtained. If the amount of water injection exceeds 10%, the oil storage amount in the oil storage tank 11 is increased accordingly. Will be less effective.
[0036]
The oil / water coarse separation device 6 is of a gravity separation type and includes a stationary / gravity separation type separation element (separation unit) 35 in the main body 16. As shown in FIG. 7, the separation element 35 includes a plurality of horizontal plates (separation promoting plates) 24 arranged in multiple stages, and a rectifying plate 22 arranged before and after the horizontal plates. The horizontal plate 24 is made of a synthetic resin plate such as polypropylene or polyethylene plate that can collect oil droplets that float while moving, or a metal plate that has been surface-treated with a synthetic resin coat. The rectifying plate 22 has a large number of holes 23 (see FIG. 8).
[0037]
As shown in FIG. 7, the oil / water mixture b introduced into the main body 16 of the oil / water coarse separation device 6 from the lower end outlet 21 of the cyclone type gas-liquid separator 3 passes through the main body 16 with oil particles a 'Floats up and the water w passes between the horizontal plates 24 of the separation element 35 and is drained from the lower drainage port 20. At that time, the oil fine particles a ″ adhere to the lower surface of the horizontal plate 24 of the separation element 35 and are separated from the water w. The oil a ′ floating above the oil is discharged from the oil discharge port 19 through the oil discharge pipe 7. The oil pump 10 sucks and discharges.
[0038]
In addition, an oil / water boundary surface sensor 37 is provided at the upper layer position of the main body 16, and the state of the oil separated from the oil / water mixture b is constantly inspected, and the signal is sent to an appropriate place, for example, an oil / water coarse sensor. It is displayed on a meter (not shown) provided in the separation device main body 16 so that the operator can adjust the vacuum suction device 5 while monitoring this occasionally. Further, the oil / water rough separation device 6 can be automatically operated by electrically controlling the rotational speeds of the drainage pump 8 and the drainage pump 10 by the signal of the oil / water boundary surface sensor 37. Reference numerals 38, 39 and 40 are valves.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 1, the oil recovery ship 50 is a catamaran, and an oil fence 28 is stretched between the two bodies 51 to collect the drifting oil a on the sea surface and recover the oil a therein. The method is adopted. This is more efficient than monohulls. In order to calm the waves of the catamaran-shaped oil recovery ship 50, a wave height limiting plate 44 as shown in FIG. 10 is effective.
[0040]
Reference numeral 46 denotes a dust removal grid.
[0041]
The wave height limiting plate 44 includes a highly rigid portion 29 such as steel or aluminum and a flexible portion 30 such as rubber. If the short period triangular wave C is eliminated by the wave height limiting plate 44, the oil suction port 1 can easily follow the movement of the sea surface due to the wave riding performance of the float 18 for long period waves. . Reference numeral 31 denotes a wave return portion, and A denotes a forward direction of the oil recovery ship 50.
[0042]
Further, the shape of the oil suction port 1 is not limited to a specific shape, but a vertical tube 1a as shown in FIG. 11 (a), an L-shaped tube 1b as shown in FIG. As shown in (c), various types such as a U-shaped tube 1c having a slit 42 in the throttle part 41 and a tube 1d with a slit 42 in FIG.
[0043]
Moreover, the shape of the float 18 has good wave riding characteristics, and also has a shape that does not obstruct the flow of oil, and various types are conceivable as shown in FIGS. For example, the float 18 in FIG. 12 is formed in a disk shape and is provided on both sides of the suction port 1 like both wheels of a car. Further, the float 18 of FIG. 13 is formed in a flat body shape, and is provided so as to be rotatable about the longitudinal axis 52 like a front wheel of a vehicle. Further, the float 18 in FIG. 14 is formed in a flat body shape, and is provided on three sides of a triangular frame (plan view) 53. Furthermore, the float 18 of FIG. 15 is formed in a cylindrical shape and provided at the four corners of a U-shaped frame (plan view) 54. In FIG. 12B to FIG. 15B, i indicates a waveform shape.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention is a vacuum suction oil recovery system that recovers the oil floating on the water surface by vacuum suction. The vacuum suction device uses an air suction pipe, a cyclone gas-liquid separator, and an oil suction pipe. The vacuum suction oil recovery system is characterized in that air is sucked through the suction port, and the floating oil on the water surface is sucked on the high-speed jet stream of the air sucked from the suction port.
[0045]
Therefore, for example, even a lump of oil or low-viscosity oil that has been hardened by cold seawater in winter can be efficiently sucked on a high-speed jet stream of air sucked from the suction port.
[0046]
In particular, the oil suction pipe is raised substantially vertically to prevent the generation of sucked oil plug flow, and water is actively injected into the oil suction pipe as a lubricant for oil moving in the pipe. Since it is used, the oil suction pipe can be efficiently recovered without clogging.
[0047]
Further, according to the present invention, a floating body (float) is provided at the suction port, and the suction port is made to follow the vertical movement of the wave. And can be recovered efficiently.
[0048]
In the present invention, a cyclone type gas-liquid separator is connected to the upper end of the oil suction pipe, the air sucked in the oil suction pipe and the oil water are separated by the cyclone type gas-liquid separator, and the separated air is While being released into the atmosphere, the separated oil and water are sent to the oil / water separator, so that only the oil and water can be finally separated.
[0049]
Moreover, the oil / water rough separation device of the present invention includes a stationary / gravity separation type separation element in the main body, and the separation elements are arranged in a plurality of horizontal plates and in front and behind the horizontal plates. Since it is constituted by a current plate, oil and water can be easily separated using the difference in specific gravity between oil and water.
[0050]
Further, according to the present invention, a wave height limiting plate having a wave returning portion curved obliquely downward is provided in front of the suction port in the traveling direction, and the triangular wave having a short period is erased by the wave height limiting plate. The suction port is not swayed by a rough triangular wave, and the floating oil on the water surface can be sucked efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a plan view of an oil recovery ship applied to a vacuum suction oil recovery system of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a side view of the oil recovery ship.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a waist portion of the oil recovery ship.
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a vacuum suction oil recovery system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of air intake means provided in the oil suction pipe.
5A is a plan view of a cyclone gas-liquid separator, and FIG. 5B is a side view of the cyclone gas-liquid separator.
FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory diagram of an oil suction pipe.
FIG. 7 is a side view of the coarse oil / water separator.
FIG. 8 is a front view of a clear plate.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an oil drain pipe.
FIG. 10 is a side view of a wave height limiting plate.
FIGS. 11A to 11D are side views of suction ports. FIGS.
12A is a plan view showing another embodiment of the float, and FIG. 12B is an operation diagram of the float.
13A is a plan view showing another embodiment of the float, and FIG. 13B is an operation diagram of the float.
14A is a plan view showing another embodiment of the float, and FIG. 14B is an operation diagram of the float.
15A is a plan view showing another embodiment of the float, and FIG. 15B is an operation diagram of the float.
[Explanation of symbols]
a Oil floating on the water surface d Air j High-speed jet stream 1 Suction port 2 Oil suction tube 3 Cyclone gas-liquid separator 4 Air suction tube 5 Vacuum suction device

Claims (4)

Vacuum suction of oil floating on the water surface by an oil suction tube provided with a suction port that follows the vertical movement of the wave at the tip, that is , an air suction tube, a cyclone gas-liquid separator, an oil suction tube and A vacuum suction oil recovery system that sucks and collects air through a suction port, wherein an air suction tube is provided in a body portion of the suction port, and an opening of the air suction tube is opened and closed by a lid. Vacuum suction oil recovery system. The oil suction pipe is provided with a water injection pipe, while the oil suction pipe is provided with a separate oil discharge pipe that is indirectly connected to the oil suction pipe via a cyclone type gas-liquid separator and an oil / water rough separation device. The vacuum suction oil recovery system according to claim 1 , wherein water for lubrication is poured into each pipe . The oil / water coarse separation device includes a stationary / gravity separation type separation element in its main body, and the separation element is composed of a plurality of horizontal plates arranged in multiple stages and rectifying plates arranged before and after the horizontal plates. The vacuum suction oil recovery system according to claim 2 , wherein the horizontal plate is formed of a synthetic resin plate such as polypropylene or polyethylene plate or a metal plate surface-treated with a synthetic resin coat . A wave height limiting plate having a wave return portion curved obliquely downward is provided in front of the suction port in the traveling direction, and the short wave triangular wave is erased by the wave height limiting plate. 1 vacuum oil recovery system according.

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