JP4261820B2 - Method for producing titanium for acid rain atmosphere excellent in discoloration resistance - Google Patents

Method for producing titanium for acid rain atmosphere excellent in discoloration resistance Download PDF

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JP4261820B2
JP4261820B2 JP2002130897A JP2002130897A JP4261820B2 JP 4261820 B2 JP4261820 B2 JP 4261820B2 JP 2002130897 A JP2002130897 A JP 2002130897A JP 2002130897 A JP2002130897 A JP 2002130897A JP 4261820 B2 JP4261820 B2 JP 4261820B2
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Prior art keywords
titanium
discoloration
nitric acid
acid rain
discoloration resistance
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JP2002130897A
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JP2003328144A (en
Inventor
道郎 金子
清則 徳野
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、屋外用途(屋根、壁など)に使用される場合に、特に酸性雨の厳しい大気環境中において耐変色性に優れたチタンの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
チタンは、大気環境において極めて優れた耐食性を示すことから、海浜地区の屋根、壁のような建材用途に用いられている。チタンが屋根材等に使用されはじめてから約10数年を経過するが、これまで腐食が発生したと報告された例はない。
【0003】
しかしながら、使用環境によっては長期間に亘って使用されたチタン表面が暗い金色に変色する場合がある。変色は極表面層に限定されることから、チタンの防食機能を損なうものではないが、意匠性の観点からは問題となる場合がある。
【0004】
変色を解消するには、チタン表面を硝フッ酸等の酸を用いてワイピングするか、研磨紙、研磨剤を用いた軽い研磨で変色部を除去する必要があり、屋根のごとく大面積なチタン表面を処理する場合には、作業性の観点から問題がある。
チタンに変色が発生する原因については、未だに十分に解明されているわけではないが、大気中に浮遊するFe,C,SiO2 等がチタン表面に付着することによって発生する場合と、チタン表面の酸化チタンの膜厚が増加することによって発生する可能性が示唆されている。
【0005】
変色を軽減する方法として、特開2000−1729号公報には、チタン表面に100Å(10nm)以下の酸化膜を有し、かつ表面炭素濃度を30at%以下としたチタンを適用することが有効であることが開示されている。
しかしながら、発明者らが、変色を防止するために、日本各地において変色を生じたチタン製の屋根材の表面分析ならびに変色促進試験を用いて、変色に及ぼす酸化膜の厚さや、表面の炭素濃度の影響を丹念に検討したところ、表面の炭素については、表面に濃化した炭素が炭化物を形成することによって変色が促進されることを見出した。
【0006】
発明者らはこのような知見に基づいて、単に炭素濃度ではなく、チタン表面での炭化チタンの析出を抑制すれば耐変色性を向上可能なことを確認している。また、変色を促進する環境因子としては、酸性雨の影響が極めて大きいことを見出した(第142回秋季講演大会、「材料とプロセス」、CAMP-ISIJ,Vol.14(2001)−1336〜1339)。
【0007】
さらに、表面酸化膜については、前記特開2000−1729号公報にはこのような酸化膜を確実に付与するための具体的な方法は開示されていないし、また、発明者らの調査によれば、前記特開2000−1729号公報における記載とは異なり、酸化膜厚みが10nmを超えて厚くなっているものの方が、逆に耐変色性に優れる場合もあることも見出している。
【0008】
このように、チタンの表面酸化膜は、変色性に対する保護性を具備するものと予想されるものの、十分な保護性のための適正な厚さは十分に明確ではなく、その具体的な成膜方法に関しても確立されていないのが現状である。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記現状に鑑み、チタンを屋根、壁材のような大気環境中で使用した場合に発生する変色を防止し、長期間に亘って意匠性が劣化することのない、酸性雨の厳しい環境中においても、大気環境中において耐変色性に優れたチタンの製造方法を提供するものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、チタン表面に存在する元素の濃度やチタン表面に施す表面処理の変色に及ぼす影響を鋭意検討した結果、チタンの最終仕上げとしては従来採用されなかった、硝酸水溶液中での浸漬を実施することによって、チタンの耐変色性が飛躍的に向上することを見出した。
【0011】
本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成されたもので、その要旨とするところは、チタン表面を、濃度15〜45質量%、温度40〜80℃の硝酸水溶液に5〜120分間(但し120分を除く)、塗布または浸漬処理により浸し、その後、洗浄することを特徴とする、耐変色性に優れた酸性雨大気環境用チタンの製造方法である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
一口に大気環境と言っても、その環境は海浜から工業地帯、田園地帯と地域によって全く異なっており、チタンの変色に及ぼす環境因子が異なることが考えられる。また、同じ地域においても変色を生じるチタンと生じにくいチタンとがあり、チタン中の成分元素あるいは製造履歴の違いによる影響を受けている可能性が考えられる。
【0013】
本発明者らは、チタンの変色に及ぼすこのような環境の影響および材質要因を明らかにするため、日本各地において環境の異なる地域を選別し、各種の表面仕上げを施したチタンの曝露試験を実施すると共に、実際に変色を生じたチタン製屋根を取り外し、チタン表面の分析を実施した。
このような検討を続けた結果、チタンの変色は、酸性雨によって促進されると共に、表面に存在する炭素および炭化チタンによって著しく発生しやすいことを見出した。
【0014】
また一方、酸性雨のpHが低い厳しい環境中におけるチタンの耐変色性を向上すべく、表面処理の影響についても鋭意研究を行った。チタンの表面処理のうち陽極酸化は良く知られており、この方法によってチタン表面の酸化膜厚みを変化させることによって、各種のあざやかな色を作りわけることができる。しかしながら陽極酸化によって形成された酸化膜は、酸性水溶液中での耐食性に必ずしも優れてはいない。そこで本発明者らは、チタンでは一般的ではない、硝酸水溶液中に浸漬することを試したところ、チタンの耐変色性が格段に向上し、予想を遙かに上回る効果を奏することを見出した。
【0015】
最終仕上げとしての硝酸処理は、ステンレス鋼の不働態化処理として用いられており、これは、ステンレス鋼表面の不働態皮膜中のクロム含有量を上昇させ、不働態皮膜の防食機能を向上させたものである。一方、チタンについては、硝酸とフッ酸の混酸水溶液中において、酸洗する仕上げ法は良く知られているが、酸洗にはフッ酸の存在が不可欠であり、硝酸のみで処理する方法はチタンにおいては公知ではない。
【0016】
また、硝酸を用いた電解浴を用いて陽極酸化法によりチタン表面の酸化膜厚みを増大させ、干渉作用によって発色する技術も知られているが、これについても外部電源によって数ボルト以上の電圧を印可するものであり、本発明のごとく硝酸水溶液中に浸漬する技術とは異なる。
すなわち、生成する皮膜が陽極酸化の場合は数10nm以上であるのに対して、本発明で生成される皮膜は10nm以下であり、通常数nmである。このため、本発明の皮膜はチタンの表面色を保護しその変色を防止するが、干渉により着色することはない。チタンの変色が問題となる場合はチタンの物質色を積極的に用いるものであるから、干渉色の着色は好まれない。
【0017】
このような硝酸処理の効果を発現させるには、少なくとも硝酸濃度としては15%以上が必要となる。一方、硝酸濃度が45%を超えると硝酸の酸化力が強すぎてチタンの溶出が促進されるため、45%を上限とする。なお、最も好ましい硝酸濃度は20〜30%である。
【0018】
また、硝酸水溶液の温度については、少なくとも反応を進行させるために40℃以上の溶液温度が必要となる。ただし80℃を超えると、硝酸濃度が高い場合と同じくチタンの溶解速度が増大し、好ましくない。従って、最も一般的な使用温度は40〜60℃である。
【0019】
チタン表面を硝酸水溶液に浸す時間(以下、浸漬時間という。)については、反応を十分進行するためには少なくとも5分以上は必要となる。ただし、120分を超えて浸しても耐変色性の改善効果はほぼ飽和してしまうことから、120分以下(但し120分を除く)を上限とする。浸漬時間については、処理する硝酸濃度と温度との相関があることが考えられるため、その相関を詳細に検討したが、必ずしも明確な関係を見いだすことができなかった。従って浸漬時間は、硝酸濃度、温度に依らず、5分以上120分以下(但し120分を除く)とした。なお、浸漬に代えて塗布しても良いが、処理液の温度管理や蒸発の防止に注意が必要になる。
【0020】
以上の通り本発明は、チタンへの処理としては公知ではない、硝酸処理を適用したところ、耐変色性を飛躍的に向上し得ることを見出したものであるが、硝酸処理による耐変色性の向上機構については未だ十分に解明されたわけではない。本発明者らは、硝酸の酸化力によって不働態皮膜の欠陥部が補修され、不働態皮膜が強固となるものと推定している。
【0021】
【実施例】
表1は、JIS1種の純チタンの冷延(0.5mmまで冷延)、真空焼鈍板(700度の5時間、炉冷)、硝フッ酸仕上げ材(硝酸10%+ふっ酸1%の混酸、50℃で2分間浸漬)を各種濃度、温度の硝酸水溶液中に浸漬し、しかる後、試験片をpH:3の60℃の硫酸水溶液中に14日間の浸漬試験を実施し、試験前後の色差ΔE={L* 2 −L* 1 2 +(a* 2 −a* 1 2 +(b* 2 −b* 1 2 1/2 によって耐変色性を評価した結果を示す。L* 1 ,a* 1 ,b* 1 は変色試験前の色彩の測定結果で、L* 2 ,a* 2 ,b* 2 は、変色試験後の色彩の測定結果で、JIS Z 8729法に規定されているL* * * 表色法に基づくものである。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0004261820
【0023】
本発明にしたがい硝酸処理を施したチタン材は、厳しい酸性雨を模擬したpH3の硫酸水溶液中における変色試験後の色差は約1以下と、極めて優れた耐変色性を示すことが分かる。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上示したように、本発明に従い硝酸を用いて処理したチタンは、厳しい酸性雨を模擬したpH3の硫酸水溶液中においても優れた耐変色性を有している。本発明は、屋根あるいは壁パネルのような屋外環境での用途に特に有効であり、その産業上の価値は極めて高いといえる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing titanium excellent in discoloration resistance when used in outdoor applications (roofs, walls, etc.), particularly in an atmospheric environment where acid rain is severe.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Titanium is used for building materials such as roofs and walls in the beach area because it exhibits extremely excellent corrosion resistance in the atmospheric environment. About ten years have passed since titanium began to be used for roofing materials, but there has been no report of corrosion occurring so far.
[0003]
However, depending on the use environment, the surface of the titanium used over a long period of time may turn dark gold. Since discoloration is limited to the extreme surface layer, it does not impair the anticorrosion function of titanium, but may be problematic from the viewpoint of design.
[0004]
In order to eliminate the discoloration, it is necessary to wipe the surface of the titanium with an acid such as nitric hydrofluoric acid, or to remove the discolored part by light polishing with abrasive paper or abrasive. When processing the surface, there is a problem from the viewpoint of workability.
The cause of discoloration in titanium is not yet fully elucidated, but it is caused by adhesion of Fe, C, SiO 2 etc. floating in the atmosphere to the surface of titanium, It has been suggested that this may occur as the thickness of titanium oxide increases.
[0005]
As a method for reducing discoloration, it is effective in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-1729 to apply titanium having an oxide film of 100 mm (10 nm) or less on the titanium surface and having a surface carbon concentration of 30 at% or less. It is disclosed that there is.
However, in order to prevent discoloration, the inventors used surface analysis of discolored titanium roofing materials in various parts of Japan and the discoloration acceleration test to determine the thickness of the oxide film and the carbon concentration on the surface. As a result of careful examination of the effects of the above, it was found that the surface carbon was promoted to discolor by the formation of carbides by the carbon concentrated on the surface.
[0006]
Based on such knowledge, the inventors have confirmed that discoloration resistance can be improved by suppressing the precipitation of titanium carbide on the titanium surface, not simply the carbon concentration. In addition, it was found that the influence of acid rain was extremely large as an environmental factor that promotes discoloration (The 142nd Autumn Lecture Meeting, “Materials and Processes”, CAMP-ISIJ, Vol.14 (2001) -1336-1339). ).
[0007]
Further, regarding the surface oxide film, the above Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-1729 does not disclose a specific method for reliably providing such an oxide film, and according to the investigation by the inventors. Unlike the description in JP-A-2000-1729, it has also been found that an oxide film having a thickness exceeding 10 nm may be more excellent in resistance to discoloration.
[0008]
Thus, although the surface oxide film of titanium is expected to have protection against discoloration, the appropriate thickness for sufficient protection is not sufficiently clear, and its specific film formation At present, no method has been established.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the present situation, the present invention prevents discoloration that occurs when titanium is used in an atmospheric environment such as roofs and wall materials, and prevents deterioration of design properties over a long period of time. The present invention provides a method for producing titanium that is excellent in resistance to discoloration even in a harsh environment.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the concentration of elements present on the titanium surface and the effect on the discoloration of the surface treatment applied to the titanium surface, the present inventors have so far immersed in an aqueous nitric acid solution that has not been adopted as the final finish of titanium. It has been found that the discoloration resistance of titanium is drastically improved by carrying out the above.
[0011]
The present invention has been completed based on such findings, and the gist thereof is that the titanium surface is placed in a nitric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 15 to 45 mass% and a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes (however, 120 minutes). The method for producing titanium for an acid rain atmosphere environment excellent in discoloration resistance , characterized in that it is dipped by coating or dipping treatment and then washed.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Even if it is called the atmospheric environment, the environment is completely different from the beach to the industrial zone, the countryside, and the region, and the environmental factors affecting the discoloration of titanium are considered to be different. In addition, there are titanium that causes discoloration and titanium that is difficult to generate even in the same region, and it is considered that there is a possibility that it is affected by a difference in component elements or manufacturing history in titanium.
[0013]
In order to clarify the influence of the environment and the material factors on the discoloration of titanium, the present inventors selected different areas in Japan and conducted exposure tests of titanium with various surface finishes. At the same time, the titanium roof that actually caused discoloration was removed, and the titanium surface was analyzed.
As a result of such investigations, it was found that the discoloration of titanium is promoted by acid rain and remarkably easily generated by carbon and titanium carbide existing on the surface.
[0014]
On the other hand, in order to improve the discoloration resistance of titanium in a harsh environment where the pH of acid rain is low, we have also intensively studied the influence of surface treatment. Anodization is well known among the surface treatments of titanium, and various bright colors can be made by changing the thickness of the oxide film on the titanium surface by this method. However, an oxide film formed by anodic oxidation does not necessarily have excellent corrosion resistance in an acidic aqueous solution . Therefore, the present inventors tried to immerse in a nitric acid aqueous solution , which is not common in titanium, and found that the discoloration resistance of titanium was significantly improved, and the effect far exceeded expectations. .
[0015]
Nitric acid treatment as the final finish is used as a passivation treatment for stainless steel, which increased the chromium content in the passivation film on the stainless steel surface and improved the anticorrosion function of the passivation film. Is. On the other hand, for titanium, the finishing method of pickling in a mixed acid aqueous solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid is well known, but the presence of hydrofluoric acid is indispensable for pickling, and the method of treating with only nitric acid is titanium. Is not known.
[0016]
Also known is a technique for increasing the thickness of the oxide film on the titanium surface by an anodizing method using an electrolytic bath using nitric acid, and coloring by interference action. However, a voltage of several volts or more is also applied by an external power source. This is different from the technique of immersing in an aqueous nitric acid solution as in the present invention.
That is, when the produced film is anodized, it is several tens of nm or more, whereas the film produced in the present invention is 10 nm or less, usually several nm. For this reason, the film of the present invention protects the surface color of titanium and prevents its discoloration, but does not color due to interference. When the discoloration of titanium becomes a problem, the material color of titanium is positively used, so that interference coloration is not preferred.
[0017]
In order to express the effect of such nitric acid treatment, at least 15% or more nitric acid concentration is required. On the other hand, if the nitric acid concentration exceeds 45 %, the oxidizing power of nitric acid is too strong and the elution of titanium is promoted, so 45 % is made the upper limit. The most preferable nitric acid concentration is 20 to 30%.
[0018]
Moreover, about the temperature of nitric acid aqueous solution , in order to advance reaction at least, the solution temperature of 40 degreeC or more is needed. However, if it exceeds 80 ° C., the dissolution rate of titanium increases as in the case where the nitric acid concentration is high, which is not preferable. Therefore, the most common use temperature is 40-60 ° C.
[0019]
With respect to the time for immersing the titanium surface in the aqueous nitric acid solution (hereinafter referred to as “dipping time”), at least 5 minutes or more is required in order to sufficiently proceed the reaction. However, since the result in improvement of the color fastness be immersed beyond 120 minutes is nearly saturated, the upper limit of 120 minutes or less (except for 120 minutes). Regarding the immersion time, since it is considered that there is a correlation between the concentration of nitric acid to be treated and the temperature, the correlation was examined in detail, but a clear relationship could not always be found. Therefore, the immersion time was set to 5 minutes to 120 minutes (excluding 120 minutes) regardless of the nitric acid concentration and temperature. In addition, although it may apply | coat instead of immersion, care is required for the temperature control of a process liquid, and prevention of evaporation.
[0020]
As described above, the present invention has been found to be able to dramatically improve discoloration resistance by applying nitric acid treatment, which is not known as a treatment for titanium. The improvement mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. The present inventors presume that the defective portion of the passive film is repaired by the oxidizing power of nitric acid, and the passive film becomes strong.
[0021]
【Example】
Table 1 shows cold rolling of JIS type 1 pure titanium (cold rolling to 0.5 mm), vacuum annealing plate (700 hours, 5 hours, furnace cooling), nitric hydrofluoric acid finish (10% nitric acid + 1% hydrofluoric acid) Soaked in a nitric acid aqueous solution of various concentrations and temperatures), and then the specimen was subjected to a 14-day immersion test in a 60 ° C. sulfuric acid aqueous solution having a pH of 3, before and after the test. shows a color difference ΔE = {L * 2 -L * 1) 2 + (a * 2 -a * 1) 2 + (b * 2 -b * 1) 2} evaluation results of the discoloration resistance by 1/2 . L * 1 , a * 1 , and b * 1 are the color measurement results before the discoloration test, and L * 2 , a * 2 and b * 2 are the color measurement results after the discoloration test, and are in accordance with JIS Z 8729 method. This is based on the specified L * a * b * color specification method.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004261820
[0023]
It can be seen that the titanium material treated with nitric acid according to the present invention exhibits extremely excellent discoloration resistance with a color difference of about 1 or less after a color change test in a pH 3 sulfuric acid aqueous solution simulating severe acid rain.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, titanium treated with nitric acid according to the present invention has excellent discoloration resistance even in a pH 3 sulfuric acid aqueous solution simulating severe acid rain. The present invention is particularly effective for use in an outdoor environment such as a roof or a wall panel, and it can be said that its industrial value is extremely high.

Claims (1)

チタン表面を、濃度15〜45質量%、温度40〜80℃の硝酸水溶液に5〜120分間(但し120分を除く)、塗布または浸漬処理により浸し、その後、洗浄することを特徴とする、耐変色性に優れた酸性雨大気環境用チタンの製造方法。Titanium surfaces (except where 120 min) Concentration 15 to 45 wt%, the temperature 40 to 80 ° C. in a nitric acid aqueous solution from 5 to 120 minutes, soaked by coating or dipping, then, characterized by washing, resistance to A method for producing titanium for acid rain atmosphere that has excellent discoloration .
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JP4721113B2 (en) * 2006-03-15 2011-07-13 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Method for producing sponge-like titanium sintered body with excellent corrosion resistance
JP6094351B2 (en) * 2013-04-15 2017-03-15 新日鐵住金株式会社 Titanium production method and titanium anticorrosion method

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