JP4257809B2 - Foam sheet for thermoforming and container for fruit vegetables - Google Patents

Foam sheet for thermoforming and container for fruit vegetables Download PDF

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JP4257809B2
JP4257809B2 JP17273499A JP17273499A JP4257809B2 JP 4257809 B2 JP4257809 B2 JP 4257809B2 JP 17273499 A JP17273499 A JP 17273499A JP 17273499 A JP17273499 A JP 17273499A JP 4257809 B2 JP4257809 B2 JP 4257809B2
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sheet
foam sheet
weight
density
foam
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JP2001002820A (en
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光一 石川
功一 若林
幸雄 古沢
義久 石原
聡 岩崎
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JSP Corp
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JSP Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポリスチレン系樹脂とポリエチレン系樹脂との混合樹脂を主体とした発泡シート及びこの発泡シートを熱成形してなる果菜用容器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、食品等の包装用材料として各種樹脂からなる発泡シートが開発され使用されているが、最終的には包装用材料に要求される物性と製造コストの関係から、現実には、包装用材料の使用者は物性又は価格のどちらかに重点をおいてを包装材料を選択せざるを得ない。例えば、従来より林檎、梨、桃、メロン、トマト等の果菜の生産者が果菜を出荷する際等に、果菜の果菜用容器として架橋ポリエチレン樹脂発泡体製のもの、無架橋ポリプロピレン樹脂発泡体製のもの、パルプ製のもの等が利用されている。そしてこれらの果菜用容器は、以下のような特徴、課題を有するものである。
【0003】
架橋ポリエチレン樹脂発泡体製のものは、緩衝性、成形性には優れているが高価である。無架橋ポリプロピレン樹脂発泡体製のものについては、適度の緩衝性と剛性を合せ持ち、成形性に優れるものの、特殊なポリプロピレン系樹脂を原材料として用いないと、無架橋ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡体製の良好な容器が得られず、この結果やはり高価なものとなる。また、パルプ製のもの(一般にパルプモールド品と言われている)は、低価格ではあるが吸水時の緩衝性、強度等において課題を有するものである。
また混合樹脂発泡体に関する発明も多数提案されており、本発明の出願人による特開平2−232240号公報、特開平3−63123号公報等がある。しかしながら、特開平2−232240号公報にはポリエチレン系樹脂とポリスチレン系樹脂との混合樹脂からなる発泡シートが開示されているものの、高密度ポリエチレンを40〜85重量%と大量に含有させなければ良好な高倍率の発泡シートを得ることができないというものであり、得られた発泡シートは高密度ポリエチレンを多く含むため、圧縮弾性率等の物性で表される反発弾性と表面の柔軟性とのバランスにおいて不十分なものであった。また特開平3−63123号公報には高密度ポリエチレンの量を多少減らした範囲を含むポリエチレン系樹脂とポリスチレン系樹脂との混合樹脂からなる発泡体が開示されているが、該発泡体はバルーン状発泡体の内面を圧着して得られる、適度な厚みを有し、曲げ弾性率に優れた板状のもの、具体的には農産物を段ボール箱に多段に収納する際の合紙として主に使用されるもので、充分な反発弾性、柔軟性と、優れた外観、成形性を有する熱成形用発泡シートとは異なるものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、緩衝性、適度な剛性、軽量性、成形性、耐水性等を備え、且つ、製造コストが低く低価格で市場に供給される、優れた熱成形用発泡シート及びその発泡シートを熱成形してなる果菜用容器を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち本発明の熱成形用発泡シートは、押出機より押出発泡された円筒状発泡体を押出方向に切り開いてシート状に形成した発泡シートであって、(1)ポリスチレン系樹脂30〜45重量%、(2)密度0.89〜0.93g/cmのポリエチレン系樹脂30〜50重量%、(3)密度0.94〜0.97g/cmのポリエチレン系樹脂10〜30重量%(但し、(1)、(2)及び(3)の合計は100重量%)とからなる混合樹脂を主成分とし、密度が0.045g/cm以下、厚みが2mm以上、6mm未満であることを特徴とする。本発明の熱成形用発泡シートを構成する混合樹脂は、ポリスチレン系樹脂含有量が40重量%超、45重量%以下であることが好ましい。本発明の熱成形用発泡シートは、密度が0.011〜0.025g/cmであることがより好ましい。また圧縮弾性率が5kgf/cm下のものが好ましい。
【0006】
また、本発明は、上記発泡シートに、熱可塑性樹脂層が積層一体化されている熱成形用発泡シート(以下、単層の発泡シートと区別して積層発泡シートと言う。)を包含する。
【0007】
本発明の果菜用容器は、上記発泡シート又は積層発泡シートを熱成形してなることを特徴とする。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の発泡シートの基材樹脂に用いる、ポリスチレン系樹脂とは、スチレンを主体とする重合体で、スチレン単独重合体及びスチレンと共重合し得るビニル系単量体とスチレンとの共重合体、さらには一般に耐衝撃性ポリスチレン樹脂と呼ばれているポリスチレンを主体とするゴム系ポリマーとの共重合物又は混合物、あるいは、ジエン系単量体との共重合体も本発明のポリスチレン系樹脂の範囲に含まれるものである。本発明において、ポリスチレン系樹脂として、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン樹脂を使用した場合には得られる発泡シートの柔軟性、弾性を向上させることができ、好適なものである。
【0009】
一方、本発明の発泡シートの基材樹脂に用いる密度の異なるポリエチレン系樹脂のうち、密度(常温常圧)が0.89〜0.93g/cm3であるポリエチレン系樹脂(以下、このポリエチレンを低密度ポリエチレンとも言う。)とは、エチレンを主体とする重合体であって、エチレンホモポリマーのみならず、酢酸ビニル、メタクリレート、アクリレート、プロピレン、α−オレフィン等、或いはその他エチレンと共重合可能なビニル系モノマーと、エチレンとの共重合体も含まれる。また密度(常温常圧)が0.94〜0.97g/cm3であるポリエチレン系樹脂(以下、高密度ポリエチレンとも言う。)とは、エチレンを主体とする重合体であって、エチレンホモポリマーのみならず、上記したエチレンと共重合可能なモノマーと、エチレンとの共重合体も含まれる。
【0010】
本発明の発泡シートは、上記ポリスチレン系樹脂、低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレンの混合物を主体とする樹脂により構成されるが、3種の樹脂混合物における高密度ポリエチレンの割合は10〜30重量%、好ましくは15〜25重量%であり、低密度ポリエチレンの割合は30〜50重量%、好ましくは32〜48重量%であり、またポリスチレン系樹脂の割合は30〜45重量%、好ましくは40重量%超、45重量%以下(但し、3種の樹脂の割合の合計は100重量%)である。
【0011】
樹脂混合物における高密度ポリエチレンの割合が、10重量%未満となると低密度の発泡シートを得ることが困難になり、30重量%を超えると得られる発泡シートに収縮が見られるようになるとともに、反発弾性も損われるようになる。また樹脂混合物における低密度ポリエチレンの割合が、30重量%未満となると、得られる発泡体の反発弾性が損われるようになり、一方、50重量%を超えると成形性が悪化し、低密度の発泡シートを得ることも困難になる。更にポリスチレン系樹脂の割合が30重量%未満となると発泡シートの収縮が大きくなり、一方、55重量%を超えると、溶融混練時にポリエチレン系樹脂との相溶性に劣り、また得られる発泡シートの剛性が高すぎてもろくなるとともに、反発弾性にも劣るようになる。本発明の発泡シートは、発泡シートの基材樹脂に、ポリスチレン系樹脂と、低密度ポリエチレンと、高密度ポリエチレンとを上記した特定の割合で混合した混合樹脂を主成分として用いたことにより、緩衝性、適度な剛性、軽量性、成形性、耐水性等を備えたものとなる。
【0012】
本発明の発泡シートは上記樹脂混合物のみを基材とするものに限らず、本発明の所期の目的を損なわない範囲において、更に他の重合体が混合されていても良い。上記樹脂混合物に更に配合することのできる他の重合体としては、ポリプロピレン等の上記樹脂以外のポリオレフィン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリアミド、ゴム、熱可塑性エラストマー等が挙げられる。上記ポリスチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレンの混合物に、更に他の重合体を混合して基材樹脂とする場合、基材樹脂中の他の重合体の割合は35重量%以下とすることが好ましい。
【0013】
本発明の発泡シートを得るには、例えば押出機内で上記樹脂混合物を溶融し、これに発泡剤を添加混練した後、押出機先端の環状ダイスから押出して円筒状に発泡させた後、この円筒状発泡体を押出方向に切り開いてシート状とする等の方法が挙げられる。本発明の発泡シートを得るために用いる発泡剤としては、例えば、ノルマルブタン、イソブタン、ノルマルブタンとイソブタンとの混合物、ノルマルペンタン、イソペンタン、ヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素、シクロブタン、シクロペンタン等の環式脂肪族炭化水素、その他ハロゲン化炭化水素、二酸化炭素、水、加熱分解型発泡剤等が挙げられる。これらの発泡剤は単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用される。発泡剤の使用割合は、樹脂混合物100重量部に対し、3〜35重量部、好ましくは5〜30重量部であり、所望する発泡シートの密度に応じて適切な量を定める。例えば発泡剤としてノルマルブタンを主成分とするものを用いる場合、密度0.011〜0.025g/cm3の発泡シートを得るために必要な発泡剤混入量は、樹脂物100重量部に対して7〜30重量部程度である。
【0014】
本発明発泡シートを製造する際には、一般に気泡核生成剤が使用される。この気泡核生成剤としては、たとえば、タルクの如き無機物質の他、押出機内の温度で分解してガスを発生する如き化学発泡剤も気泡核生成剤として用いることができる。また押出機内の温度で反応して炭酸ガスを発生する酸−アルカリの組み合わせ、たとえば、クエン酸と重炭酸ナトリウム、クエン酸のアルカリ塩と重炭酸ナトリウム等を組み合わせたものも気泡核生成剤として用いることができる。これらの気泡核生成剤を添加することにより、得られる発泡シートの気泡の大きさを任意に調整することができると共に、発泡シートの柔軟性、感触等も向上させることができる。
【0015】
さらに、本発明においては、発泡時の発泡剤の透過を防ぎ、発泡シートの収縮を抑制するために、樹脂混合物中に収縮防止剤を添加することが好ましい。このようなものとしては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンモノミリステート、ポリオキシプロピレンモノミリステート、ポリオキシエチレンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシプロピレンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシエチレンモノステアレート、ポリオキシプロピレンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンジステアレート、モノラウリン酸グリセライド、モノミノスチン酸グリセライド、モノパルミチン酸グリセライド、モノステアリン酸グリセライド、モノアラキン酸グリセライド、ジラウリン酸グリセライド、ジパルミチン酸グリセライド、ジステアリン酸グリセライド、1−パルミト−2−ステアリン酸グリセライド、1−ステアロ−2−ミリスチン酸グリセライド、トリステアリン酸グリセライド、モノべヘン酸グリセライド等の各種脂肪族エステルが挙げられる。その他、無機充填剤等も用いることができる。
【0016】
本発明の発泡シートは、0.045g/cm以下の密度を有するものであるが、より好ましくは密度0.011〜0.025g/cmであり、特に好ましくは密度が0.013〜0.025g/cmである。また、発泡シートの厚みにつては緩衝性、成形性、剛性の面から、2mm以上、6mm未満である。発泡シートの密度があまりにも小さいものは熱成形時の伸びが不十分なものとなり、また、発泡シートを製造すること自体も困難である。一方、0.045g/cm3を超える発泡シートは緩衝性、非吸水性、熱成形性において不十分なものとなる。また発泡シートの厚みが厚すぎる場合は、発泡シートの平滑性、外観において良好なものを得ることが困難となり、成形性においても優れたものが得られない。
【0017】
上記発泡シートは、圧縮弾性率が5kgf/cm2以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1.5〜4.5kgf/cm2である。圧縮弾性率が5kgf/cm2以下の発泡シートは、緩衝性、特に果菜用容器素材として重要な柔軟性と反発弾性に優れるという効果がある。圧縮弾性率が5kgf/cm2以下の発泡シートは、ポリエチレン系樹脂とポリスチレン系樹脂の混合比、発泡シートの気泡径、気泡形状、独立気泡率等を調整することにより得ることができる。尚、圧縮弾性率は、発泡シートを23℃、相対湿度50%の条件下で24時間放置した後、この発泡シートより切り出した長さ50mm、幅50mmの試料を複数枚重ねて厚さ約25mmとした積層体を試験片として測定する。この試験片を圧縮試験機の平行な平面板間に置き、10mm/min.の圧縮速度で試験片を厚さ方向に圧縮して、圧縮応力−ひずみ曲線を求め、この曲線の始めの直線部分より下記式(1)により圧縮弾性率:E(kgf/cm2)を求める。
【0018】
【数1】
E(kgf/cm2)=Δσ/Δε ・・・・(1)
但し、Δσは直線上の2点間の応力の差(kgf/cm2)、Δεは同じ2点間の圧縮ひずみの差(%)を示す。
【0019】
上記ポリスチレン系樹脂30〜45重量%、密度0.89〜0.93g/cmの低密度ポリエチレン30〜50重量%、密度0.94〜0.97g/cmの高密度ポリエチレン10〜30重量%の混合樹脂を主成分とした、密度0.045g/cm以下、厚み2mm以上、6mm未満の発泡シートは、熱成形用として使用され、密度が0.011〜0.025g/cmのものや圧縮弾性率が5kgf/cm下のものは、特に熱成形用として好適である。
【0020】
また、本発明は、上記特定の樹脂混合物を主成分とする密度0.045g/cm3以下の発泡シートに、更に熱可塑性樹脂層が積層一体化された積層発泡シートを含むものである。発泡シートに積層される熱可塑性樹脂としては、前記した高密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体等のポリエチレン系樹脂、ポリスチレン、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン等のポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂等が挙げられ、これら熱可塑性樹脂のシート、フィルムや、熱可塑性樹脂繊維からなる不織布等の形態で積層する。上記熱可塑性樹脂のうち、特に接着層を必要としないポリエチレン系樹脂やポリスチレン系樹脂が好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂層は発泡シートの片面又は両面に積層一体化される。熱可塑性樹脂層を特定の樹脂混合物を主成分とする発泡シートに積層することにより、熱可塑性樹脂層を積層していない発泡シートのみの場合と比べ、熱成形性、剛性が向上する。尚、発泡シートの熱成形性、剛性向上の面からは、熱可塑性樹脂層は発泡シートの両面側に積層一体化されていることが好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂層の厚みは、通常、10〜200μm程度とすることが好ましい。しかしながら、熱可塑性樹脂層を発泡シートに積層一体化すると、熱可塑性樹脂層の積層面側の緩衝性が、熱可塑性樹脂層を積層していない発泡シート表面に比べて低下するとともに、発泡シートの軽量性が低下することとなる。従って、発泡シートに熱可塑性樹脂層を設ける場合、発泡シートの緩衝性、軽量性を考慮して熱可塑性樹脂層の厚みを薄くすることが好ましく、熱成形性、剛性、緩衝性、軽量性のバランスを考慮すると、熱可塑性樹脂層の厚みは10〜60μmが適当である。尚、本発明の積層発泡シートは熱可塑性樹脂層を芯層とし、その両面に発泡シートを積層一体化したものであっても良い。
【0021】
発泡シートに熱可塑性樹脂層が積層一体化された積層発泡シートは、発泡シートのみを製造した後、別工程で発泡シートに熱可塑性樹脂を積層接着する方法、押出発泡した発泡シートに他の押出機から熱可塑性樹脂を押出して積層するエクストルージョンラミネート法、特に好ましくは発泡性混合溶融樹脂と非発泡性熱可塑性溶融樹脂とを共押出する共押出法により得ることができる。
【0022】
本発明の発泡シート又は積層発泡シートは、JIS K6767により求められる引き裂き強さ(該シートを押出方向に引張った際の引き裂き強さ)が1.2kgf/cm以上、更には1.7kgf/cm以上のものが果菜用容器素材として好ましい。また発泡シートの独立気泡率は40%以上、更には50%以上のものが熱成形時の二次発泡性、シート及びその成形品のの緩衝性、反発弾性の面で好ましい。尚、独立気泡率の測定は、ASTM D2856手順Cにより、連続気泡率(%)を求め、下記式(2)より求められる値である。但し、積層発泡シートの場合は、熱可塑性樹脂層の厚み分の体積を積層発泡シートサンプル体積から差し引いて発泡シートのみの独立気泡率を算出することとする。
【0023】
【数2】
独立気泡率(%)=100−連続気泡率(%) ・・・(2)
【0024】
本発明の果菜用容器は、上記した本発明の発泡シート又は積層発泡シートを真空成形及び/又は圧空成形等の方法で熱成形して得られる。例えば、図1に示すように矩形外周形状を有し、略半球形状の果菜収納凹部1を有する形状の果菜用容器2等が挙げられる。本発明の果菜用容器2には、通常、果菜収納凹部1が2〜30カ所形成される。本発明の果菜用容器2は、収納される果菜の重さ及び設計保護性能に応じ、果菜収納凹部1の平均シート厚みを設計すればよく、林檎、梨、トマトを収納する場合には、果菜収納凹部1の平均シート厚みが1.5〜2.5mm、桃、メロンを収納する場合には、果菜収納凹部1の平均シート厚みが2.5〜4.0mmとなるようにすることが好ましく、緩衝性に優れるため従来のものよりも厚みを薄くすることができる。尚、果菜収納凹部1の平均シート厚みは該凹部の中心を通り、一方の収納凹部側面上端から、他方の収納凹部側面上端にかけて等間隔で7箇所以上の厚みを測定し、それらの算術平均値として求められる値である。
【0025】
本発明の果菜用容器2は、前記した発泡シート又は積層発泡シートを熱成形して得られるものであるため、熱成形の際に二次発泡によりシート厚みが増加し、一方で発泡シートが引き延ばされて果菜収納凹部1のシート厚みは薄くなる。このため、必要とする果菜収納凹部1の平均シート厚みの0.8〜3倍の厚みの発泡シートを用いて本発明の果菜用容器2を得ることが好ましい。
【0026】
本発明果菜用容器2を成形する方法について更に詳述する。発泡シートをヒーター等によって加熱して軟化させ、果菜用容器形状の金型で加熱軟化させた発泡シートを挟み、発泡シートを容器形状の金型面に密着させることにより、金型形状に沿った果菜用容器が得られる。真空成形法により成形する際には、通常、シートの幅方向両端縁部を一定幅でクランプしているため、発泡シートは果菜用容器2の果菜収納凹部1に形成される位置、すなわち略金型凹部上に位置する部分のみが伸ばされて成形されるが、発泡シート両端縁部のクランプ間の幅を狭くしつつ真空成形を行うことによって、シートの金型凹部上に位置する部分の周囲部も、金型凹部へ引き込むことが可能となり、この結果、容器厚みの比較的均一な果菜用容器が得られる。また、成形に用いる雄型と雌型の形状、型合わせ時の隙間、成形スピード等を調整したり、果菜収納凹部1形状と、これらの配置等の調製を組み合わせておこなうことにより、果菜収納凹部1の平均シート厚み等の、諸特性を更に良好な範囲に調整することができる。
【0027】
また、特に発泡シートに熱可塑性樹脂層が積層一体化されている積層発泡シートを熱成形に用いると、複雑なリブ形状を有するものや、果菜収納凹部1の深さの深い果菜用容器2を容易に得ることができ、また得られた容器2は剛性、外観の優れたものとなる。このような熱可塑性樹脂層を積層した積層発泡シートから果菜用容器2を得る場合は、前記したように熱可塑性樹脂層の厚みを調製した積層発泡シートを用いることが好ましい。また特に厚みの薄い熱可塑性樹脂層が発泡シートの片面側のみに積層された積層発泡シートを用い、容器を成形する場合には、熱可塑性樹脂層が容器2の内側(果菜と接する側)に、発泡体層が容器2の外側に位置するようにすることが、成形性の面で好ましい。
【0028】
果菜用容器2には、果菜全体及び表面を保護するための緩衝性に優れるとともに保形性に優れることが要求される。このような点を考慮すると本発明の果菜用容器2の平均密度は、0.045g/cm3以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.011〜0.025g/cm3、特に好ましくは0.013〜0.025g/cm3である。平均密度0.045g/cm3以下の容器は、発泡シートの密度と該発泡シートの二次発泡性、成形金型の型合わせ時の隙間等を適宜調整することにより得ることができる。尚、果菜用容器の平均密度は、該容器を碁盤の目状に3cm間隔で分割し、各分割体から任意に一辺2cm程度の略正方形の測定サンプルを切り出し、各サンプルについて外形寸法から求められる体積と、重量から各サンプルの密度(g/cm3)を求め、それらの値の算術平均値として算出される。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下、実施例、比較例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
【0030】
実施例1〜4、8及び比較例1、2
東ソー(株)製のニポロンハード6300(密度0.96g/cm3の高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE))、日本ユニカー(株)製のNS−1(密度0.92g/cm3の低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE))及びエイ・アンド・エム スチレン(株)製のスタイロン679(密度1.05g/cm3のポリスチレン(PS))を表1に示した割合で用いると共に、これらの樹脂混合物中に収縮防止剤としてモノステアリン酸グリセライド及び気泡核生成剤としてタルクがそれぞれ1重量%含有されるように調整して配合し、更にこれらの混合物と表1に示す発泡剤とを、圧力170kg/cm2Gで溶融混練した後、樹脂温度130℃にてサーキュラーダイスより円筒状に押出発泡させた。押出された円筒状発泡体の内面及び外面をエアーにて冷却しながらバルーンを形成させ、これを円柱状冷却装置の表面上を通過させながら引き取り、その後、押出し方向に沿って切り開いて表2に示す発泡シートを得た。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 0004257809
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0004257809
【0033】
尚、表2における発泡シートの密度、厚さ等は、以下の通り測定して求めた値である。
【0034】
発泡シート及び熱可塑性樹脂層の厚さ
発泡シート又は積層発泡シートの厚み方向垂直断面において、等間隔に20箇所以上の測定点を選定し、発泡シート厚み又は積層発泡シートの発泡シート厚みと、熱可塑性樹脂層の厚みを測定し、各々の厚みの算術平均値として求めた。
【0035】
発泡シートの密度
発泡シート又は積層発泡シートから縦10cm×横10cm(発泡シート又は積層発泡シートの厚み)の測定用サンプルを切り出す。発泡シートのみの場合は、該サンプル重量(g)を、計算により求められるサンプル体積(cm3)[10(cm)×10(cm)×サンプルの厚み(cm)により求める。]で割ることにより求めた。また積層発泡シートの場合は、計算により求められる熱可塑性樹脂層の重量(g)[10(cm)×10(cm)×熱可塑性樹脂層の厚み(cm)×熱可塑性樹脂層の密度(g/cm3)により求める。]を、サンプル重量(g)から差し引いた値を、サンプル中の発泡シートのみの体積(cm3)[10(cm)×10(cm)×サンプル中の発泡シートの厚み(cm)により求める。]で割ることにより求めた。
【0036】
上記実施例及び比較例にて得られた発泡シートの引き裂き強さ、圧縮弾性率及び該発泡シートを430×300×30mmのトマト用の容器に真空成型法にて成形して得た成形品の評価を行った結果を表3に示す。尚、表3における発泡シートの引き裂き強さ、圧縮弾性率、成形品の剛性、成形性等は以下のようにて評価した。
【0037】
引き裂き強さ
JIS K6767に準拠し、発泡シート押出方向を長手方向とした試験片を切り出し、この試験片の引っ張り試験を行い、切断時の最大荷重(kgf)を試験片厚み(cm)で割ることにより求めた。
【0038】
圧縮弾性率
前記した方法により試験し、前記式(1)より求めた。尚、積層発泡シートの場合、熱可塑性樹脂層を剥離せず、積層発泡シート試料から切り出した試験片を用いて圧縮弾性率を測定した。
【0039】
剛性
成形品の長手方向の片側端部を固定して片持梁りテストを行い、長手方向の他方の片側端部の垂れ下がり量を測定し、以下の基準にて評価した。
◎:垂れ下がり量が6mm未満
○:垂れ下がり量が6〜15mm
×:垂れ下がり量が15mm超
【0040】
成形性
成形品を目視により以下の基準で評価した。
◎:金型再現性が良好であり、果菜収納凹部の厚みも均一である。
○:多少金型再現性には劣るが、外観良好であり果菜収納凹部の厚みも均一である。
×:成形品の一部に亀裂が発生している。
【0041】
【表3】
Figure 0004257809
【0042】
実施例5
東ソー(株)製のニポロンハード6300(密度0.96g/cm3の高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE))、日本ユニカー(株)製のNS−1(密度0.92g/cm3の低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE))及びエイ・アンド・エム スチレン(株)製のスタイロン679(密度1.05g/cm3のポリスチレン(PS))を表1に示した割合で用い、これらの樹脂混合物中に収縮防止剤としてモノステアリン酸グリセライド及び気泡核生成剤としてタルクがそれぞれ1重量%含有されるように調整して配合し、更にこれらの配合物と表1に示す発泡剤とを、押出機中で、圧力160kg/cm2Gで溶融混練した。一方、別の押出機内で低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)を溶融し、前記発泡剤を添加混練し135℃に調整した発泡性の溶融混練物と、120℃に調整した低密度ポリエチレンの溶融物とを、サーキュラーダイスより、円筒状発泡体の内外両面にそれぞれ0.02mmの低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)樹脂層が積層一体化されるように共押出し発泡した。押出発泡された円筒状発泡体の内面及び外面をエアーにて冷却しながらバルーンを形成させ、これをマンドレルで引き取ってから押出し方向に沿って切り開いて表2に示す積層発泡シートを得た。尚、発泡シートの両面側に積層した低密度ポリエチレンは、日本ユニカー(株)製のNUC−8350である。得られた積層発泡シートの諸物性及び、該発泡シートを用いて実施例1〜4と同様にして成形したトマト用容器を同様にして評価した。結果を表3にあわせて示す。
【0043】
実施例6
熱可塑性樹脂層として、円筒状発泡体の外面側に厚さ0.04mmの低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)樹脂層が形成されるように共押出した以外は実施例5と同様にして表2に示す積層発泡シートを得た。尚、発泡シートの片面側に積層された低密度ポリエチレンは、日本ユニカー(株)製NUC−8350である。得られた積層発泡シートの諸物性及び該発泡シートを用いて実施例1〜4と同様にして成形したトマト用容器を同様にして評価した。結果を表3にあわせて示す。
【0044】
実施例7
熱可塑性樹脂層として、円筒状発泡体の外面側に厚さ0.04mmのエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)層が形成されるように、124℃に調整したEVAの溶融物を共押出した以外は、実施例5と同様にして表2に示す積層発泡シートを得た。尚、発泡シートの片面側に積層されたエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体は、日本ユニカー(株)製のNUC−8450である。得られた積層発泡シートの諸物性及び、この発泡シートから実施例1〜4と同様にして成形したトマト用容器を同様にして評価した。結果を表3にあわせて示す。
【0045】
上記実施例の発泡シート又は積層発泡シートは、独立気泡率も50%以上と高く、外観、圧縮弾性、表面の柔軟性、剛性、成形性等に優れたものであった。また実施例の発泡シート又は積層発泡シートから得られた容器は、該発泡シート又は積層発泡シートと同様の密度を有し、収納凹部においても発泡シート又は積層発泡シートの厚みと同様の平均シート厚みを有する、外観、剛性、緩衝性等に優れたものであった。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明の発泡シートは、緩衝性、適度な剛性、軽量性、成形性、耐水性等を備え、且つ、汎用の樹脂を原材料として利用するものであるから、製造コストが低く低価格で市場に供給可能な優れた合成樹脂発泡シートである。特に、発泡シートに熱可塑性樹脂層が積層一体化されている積層発泡シートは成形性、剛性、外観等が更に優れるものである。
【0047】
また、本発明の果菜用容器は、上記発泡シートを熱成形して得られるものであり発泡シートの特性を引き継ぎ、従来品の数種の果菜用容器の有していたそれぞれの優れた特性を同時に有するものであり、緩衝性、適度な剛性、軽量性、耐水性等に優れ、汎用性の高いものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の果菜用容器の一例を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1 果菜収納凹部
2 果菜用容器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a foam sheet mainly composed of a mixed resin of a polystyrene-based resin and a polyethylene-based resin and a fruit vegetable container formed by thermoforming the foamed sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, foam sheets made of various resins have been developed and used as packaging materials for foods, etc., but in the end, due to the relationship between physical properties required for packaging materials and production costs, The user of the material is forced to select a packaging material with an emphasis on either physical properties or price. For example, when producers of fruit vegetables such as apples, pears, peaches, melons, tomatoes, etc. have shipped fruit vegetables, the containers for fruit vegetables are made of crosslinked polyethylene resin foam, made of non-crosslinked polypropylene resin foam And those made of pulp are used. And these vegetables for vegetables have the following characteristics and problems.
[0003]
A product made of a crosslinked polyethylene resin foam is excellent in buffering properties and moldability, but is expensive. For non-crosslinked polypropylene resin foam, it has moderate cushioning and rigidity, and is excellent in moldability. However, if a special polypropylene resin is not used as a raw material, it is good for non-crosslinked polypropylene resin foam. A large container cannot be obtained, and as a result, it is still expensive. In addition, a product made of pulp (generally referred to as a pulp mold product) has problems in buffering properties, strength, etc. at the time of water absorption although it is inexpensive.
Many inventions related to the mixed resin foam have been proposed, and there are JP-A-2-232240 and JP-A-3-63123 by the applicant of the present invention. However, although JP-A-2-232240 discloses a foamed sheet made of a mixed resin of a polyethylene resin and a polystyrene resin, it is good unless high-density polyethylene is contained in a large amount of 40 to 85% by weight. A high-magnification foam sheet cannot be obtained, and the resulting foam sheet contains a large amount of high-density polyethylene, so the balance between the resilience expressed by physical properties such as the compression modulus and the flexibility of the surface Was insufficient. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-63123 discloses a foam made of a mixed resin of a polyethylene resin and a polystyrene resin including a range in which the amount of high-density polyethylene is somewhat reduced. A plate-like product with an appropriate thickness and excellent bending elastic modulus obtained by pressure-bonding the inner surface of the foam. Specifically, it is mainly used as a slip sheet when storing agricultural products in multiple stages in a cardboard box. Thus, it is different from a foam sheet for thermoforming that has sufficient impact resilience and flexibility and excellent appearance and moldability.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, has buffering properties, moderate rigidity, light weight, moldability, water resistance, etc., and is excellent in that it is supplied to the market at a low manufacturing cost and at a low price. Another object of the present invention is to provide a thermoformed foam sheet and a fruit vegetable container formed by thermoforming the foam sheet.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the foam sheet for thermoforming of the present invention is A foamed sheet formed by opening a cylindrical foam extruded from an extruder in the extrusion direction into a sheet, (1) Polystyrene resin 30- 45 % By weight, (2) Density 0.89-0.93 g / cm 3 30 to 50% by weight of polyethylene resin, (3) density 0.94 to 0.97 g / cm 3 The main component is a mixed resin consisting of 10 to 30% by weight of a polyethylene resin (the total of (1), (2) and (3) is 100% by weight), and the density is 0.045 g / cm. 3 Below, the thickness is 2mm or more, less than 6mm It is characterized by being. The mixed resin constituting the foamed sheet for thermoforming of the present invention has a polystyrene resin content of more than 40% by weight, 45 It is preferable that it is less than weight% . Book The foam sheet for thermoforming of the invention has a density of 0.011 to 0.025 g / cm. 3 It is more preferable that The compression modulus is 5 kgf / cm 2 Less than Under Those are preferred.
[0006]
Further, the present invention includes a foam sheet for thermoforming in which a thermoplastic resin layer is laminated and integrated with the above foam sheet (hereinafter referred to as a laminated foam sheet in distinction from a single-layer foam sheet).
[0007]
The fruit vegetable container of the present invention is obtained by thermoforming the foamed sheet or the laminated foamed sheet.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The polystyrene resin used for the base resin of the foam sheet of the present invention is a polymer mainly composed of styrene, and is a styrene homopolymer and a copolymer of styrene and a vinyl monomer that can be copolymerized with styrene. Furthermore, a copolymer or mixture with a rubber-based polymer mainly composed of polystyrene, generally called an impact-resistant polystyrene resin, or a copolymer with a diene monomer is also used as the polystyrene-based resin of the present invention. It is included in the range. In the present invention, when an impact-resistant polystyrene resin is used as the polystyrene-based resin, the flexibility and elasticity of the obtained foamed sheet can be improved, which is preferable.
[0009]
On the other hand, among polyethylene resins having different densities used for the base resin of the foam sheet of the present invention, the density (room temperature and normal pressure) is 0.89 to 0.93 g / cm. Three The polyethylene resin (hereinafter, this polyethylene is also referred to as low density polyethylene) is a polymer mainly composed of ethylene, and is not only ethylene homopolymer but also vinyl acetate, methacrylate, acrylate, propylene, α- Copolymers of ethylene with olefins or other vinyl monomers copolymerizable with ethylene and ethylene are also included. The density (normal temperature and normal pressure) is 0.94 to 0.97 g / cm. Three The polyethylene-based resin (hereinafter also referred to as high-density polyethylene) is a polymer mainly composed of ethylene, and includes not only an ethylene homopolymer but also a monomer copolymerizable with ethylene as described above. Copolymers are also included.
[0010]
The foam sheet of the present invention is composed of a resin mainly composed of a mixture of the above polystyrene-based resin, low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene, but the proportion of the high-density polyethylene in the three types of resin mixture is 10 to 30% by weight Preferably it is 15 to 25% by weight, the proportion of low density polyethylene is 30 to 50% by weight, preferably 32 to 48% by weight, and the proportion of polystyrene resin is 30 to 30% by weight. 45 % By weight, preferably more than 40% by weight, 45 % By weight or less (however, the total ratio of the three kinds of resins is 100% by weight).
[0011]
When the proportion of high-density polyethylene in the resin mixture is less than 10% by weight, it becomes difficult to obtain a low-density foam sheet, and when it exceeds 30% by weight, shrinkage is observed in the resulting foam sheet, and repulsion occurs. Elasticity is also lost. Moreover, when the ratio of the low density polyethylene in the resin mixture is less than 30% by weight, the resilience of the obtained foam is impaired. It is also difficult to obtain a sheet. Further, when the proportion of the polystyrene resin is less than 30% by weight, the shrinkage of the foamed sheet becomes large. On the other hand, when the proportion exceeds 55% by weight, the compatibility with the polyethylene resin is poor at the time of melt kneading, and the rigidity of the obtained foamed sheet is increased. If it is too high, it will become brittle and it will also be inferior in impact resilience. The foamed sheet of the present invention uses the mixed resin in which the polystyrene resin, the low-density polyethylene, and the high-density polyethylene are mixed as a main component in the base resin of the foamed sheet. , Moderate rigidity, light weight, moldability, water resistance, and the like.
[0012]
The foamed sheet of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned resin mixture alone, and other polymers may be further mixed as long as the intended purpose of the present invention is not impaired. Other polymers that can be further blended in the resin mixture include polyolefins other than the above resins such as polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polyamides, rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, and the like. When another polymer is further mixed with the mixture of polystyrene, low density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene to form a base resin, the ratio of the other polymer in the base resin may be 35% by weight or less. preferable.
[0013]
In order to obtain the foam sheet of the present invention, for example, the resin mixture is melted in an extruder, a foaming agent is added and kneaded, and then extruded from an annular die at the tip of the extruder and foamed into a cylindrical shape. For example, a method may be used in which a foam is cut in the extrusion direction to form a sheet. Examples of the foaming agent used to obtain the foamed sheet of the present invention include normal butane, isobutane, a mixture of normal butane and isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane, hexane and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and the like. And aliphatic hydrocarbons, other halogenated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, water, heat decomposable foaming agents and the like. These foaming agents are used alone or in combination of two or more. The ratio of the foaming agent used is 3 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin mixture, and determines an appropriate amount depending on the desired density of the foamed sheet. For example, when using a normal butane as a foaming agent as a main component, a density of 0.011 to 0.025 g / cm Three The amount of the foaming agent mixed in order to obtain the foam sheet is about 7 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin material.
[0014]
In producing the foamed sheet of the present invention, a cell nucleating agent is generally used. As the bubble nucleating agent, for example, in addition to an inorganic substance such as talc, a chemical foaming agent that decomposes at a temperature in the extruder to generate gas can be used as the bubble nucleating agent. Also, an acid-alkali combination that reacts at the temperature in the extruder to generate carbon dioxide, for example, a combination of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, an alkali salt of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, etc. is also used as the bubble nucleating agent. be able to. By adding these bubble nucleating agents, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the size of bubbles in the obtained foamed sheet, and to improve the flexibility and feel of the foamed sheet.
[0015]
Furthermore, in this invention, in order to prevent permeation | transmission of the foaming agent at the time of foaming and to suppress shrinkage | contraction of a foamed sheet, it is preferable to add a shrinkage | contraction prevention agent in a resin mixture. Examples of such materials include polyoxyethylene monomyristate, polyoxypropylene monomyristate, polyoxyethylene monopalmitate, polyoxypropylene monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene monostearate, polyoxypropylene monostearate. , Polyoxyethylene distearate, monolauric acid glyceride, monominosuccinic acid glyceride, monopalmitic acid glyceride, monostearic acid glyceride, monoarachiic acid glyceride, dilauric acid glyceride, dipalmitic acid glyceride, distearic acid glyceride, 1-palmito-2-stearin Various aliphatics such as acid glyceride, 1-stearo-2-myristic acid glyceride, tristearic acid glyceride, monobehenic acid glyceride Examples include esters. In addition, inorganic fillers can also be used.
[0016]
The foam sheet of the present invention is 0.045 g / cm. 3 Although it has the following density, More preferably, it has a density of 0.011-0.025 g / cm. 3 Particularly preferably, the density is 0.013 to 0.025 g / cm. 3 It is. Also, regarding the thickness of the foam sheet, whether it is cushioning, moldability, or rigidity 2 mm or more and less than 6 mm. If the density of the foam sheet is too small, the elongation during thermoforming is insufficient, and it is difficult to produce the foam sheet itself. On the other hand, 0.045 g / cm Three Foamed sheets exceeding the range are insufficient in cushioning properties, non-water absorption properties, and thermoformability. Moreover, when the thickness of a foamed sheet is too thick, it becomes difficult to obtain a foam sheet with good smoothness and appearance, and excellent moldability cannot be obtained.
[0017]
The foam sheet has a compression modulus of 5 kgf / cm. 2 Or less, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5 kgf / cm. 2 It is. Compression modulus is 5kgf / cm 2 The following foam sheets have an effect of being excellent in buffering properties, in particular, flexibility and rebound resilience which are important as a container material for fruit vegetables. Compression modulus is 5kgf / cm 2 The following foam sheet can be obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio of the polyethylene resin and the polystyrene resin, the cell diameter of the foam sheet, the cell shape, the closed cell rate, and the like. The compression modulus is about 25 mm when a foam sheet is left for 24 hours under conditions of 23 ° C. and 50% relative humidity, and then a plurality of samples having a length of 50 mm and a width of 50 mm are cut out from the foam sheet. The laminate was measured as a test piece. This test piece was placed between parallel flat plates of a compression tester and 10 mm / min. The test piece was compressed in the thickness direction at a compression speed of ## EQU1 ## to obtain a compressive stress-strain curve. From the first linear portion of this curve, the compression elastic modulus: E (kgf / cm) according to the following equation (1) 2 )
[0018]
[Expression 1]
E (kgf / cm 2 ) = Δσ / Δε (1)
Where Δσ is the difference in stress between two points on the straight line (kgf / cm 2 ), Δε represents the difference (%) in compressive strain between the same two points.
[0019]
Polystyrene resin 30 ~ 45 % By weight, density 0.89-0.93 g / cm 3 Low density polyethylene 30-50% by weight, density 0.94-0.97 g / cm 3 The main component is a mixed resin of 10 to 30% by weight of high density polyethylene, and the density is 0.045 g / cm. 3 Below, thickness 2mm or more, less than 6mm The foam sheet is used for thermoforming and has a density of 0.011 to 0.025 g / cm. 3 With a compression modulus of 5 kgf / cm 2 Less than Under Those are particularly suitable for thermoforming.
[0020]
The present invention also provides a density of 0.045 g / cm based on the specific resin mixture. Three The following foamed sheet includes a laminated foamed sheet in which a thermoplastic resin layer is further laminated and integrated. Examples of the thermoplastic resin laminated on the foam sheet include the above-described high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polyethylene-based resins such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polystyrene, and impact-resistant polystyrene. Examples thereof include polystyrene resins, polypropylene resins, polyester resins, and the like. These thermoplastic resins are laminated in the form of a sheet, a film, a nonwoven fabric made of thermoplastic resin fibers, or the like. Among the thermoplastic resins, polyethylene resins and polystyrene resins that do not require an adhesive layer are particularly preferable. The thermoplastic resin layer is laminated and integrated on one side or both sides of the foam sheet. By laminating the thermoplastic resin layer on the foamed sheet containing a specific resin mixture as a main component, thermoformability and rigidity are improved as compared with the case of only the foamed sheet not laminated with the thermoplastic resin layer. In view of improving the thermoformability and rigidity of the foam sheet, the thermoplastic resin layer is preferably laminated and integrated on both sides of the foam sheet. In general, the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is preferably about 10 to 200 μm. However, when the thermoplastic resin layer is laminated and integrated with the foamed sheet, the cushioning property on the laminated surface side of the thermoplastic resin layer is lower than that of the foamed sheet surface on which the thermoplastic resin layer is not laminated. Lightness will fall. Therefore, when the thermoplastic resin layer is provided on the foamed sheet, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer in consideration of the cushioning property and lightness of the foamed sheet. Considering the balance, the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is suitably 10 to 60 μm. The laminated foam sheet of the present invention may be one in which a thermoplastic resin layer is used as a core layer and foam sheets are laminated and integrated on both surfaces thereof.
[0021]
A laminated foam sheet in which a thermoplastic resin layer is laminated and integrated with a foam sheet is a method in which only a foam sheet is manufactured, and then a thermoplastic resin is laminated and bonded to the foam sheet in a separate process. It can be obtained by an extrusion laminating method in which a thermoplastic resin is extruded and laminated from a machine, particularly preferably by a co-extrusion method in which a foamable mixed molten resin and a non-foamable thermoplastic molten resin are coextruded.
[0022]
The foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet of the present invention has a tear strength (tear strength when the sheet is pulled in the extrusion direction) required by JIS K6767 of 1.2 kgf / cm or more, and further 1.7 kgf / cm or more. Is preferred as a container material for fruit vegetables. Further, the closed cell ratio of the foamed sheet is preferably 40% or more, and more preferably 50% or more from the viewpoints of secondary foamability during thermoforming, cushioning properties of the sheet and its molded product, and impact resilience. The measurement of the closed cell rate is a value obtained from the following formula (2) by obtaining the open cell rate (%) by ASTM D2856 Procedure C. However, in the case of a laminated foamed sheet, the closed cell ratio of only the foamed sheet is calculated by subtracting the volume corresponding to the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer from the laminated foamed sheet sample volume.
[0023]
[Expression 2]
Closed cell ratio (%) = 100−open cell ratio (%) (2)
[0024]
The fruit vegetable container of the present invention is obtained by thermoforming the above-described foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet of the present invention by a method such as vacuum forming and / or pressure forming. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a vegetable container 2 having a rectangular outer peripheral shape and having a substantially hemispherical-shaped vegetable storage portion 1 can be used. In the fruit vegetable container 2 of the present invention, normally, 2 to 30 fruit vegetable storage recesses 1 are formed. The fruit vegetable container 2 of the present invention may be designed to have an average sheet thickness of the fruit vegetable storage recess 1 according to the weight of the stored fruit vegetables and the design protection performance. When storing apples, pears, and tomatoes, the fruit vegetables In the case where the average sheet thickness of the storage recess 1 is 1.5 to 2.5 mm and peaches and melons are stored, it is preferable that the average sheet thickness of the fruit vegetable storage recess 1 is 2.5 to 4.0 mm. Since the buffering property is excellent, the thickness can be made thinner than the conventional one. The average sheet thickness of the fruit vegetable storage recess 1 passes through the center of the recess and measures the thickness at seven or more locations at equal intervals from the upper end of the side of one storage recess to the upper end of the side of the other storage recess. Is the value obtained as
[0025]
The fruit vegetable container 2 of the present invention is obtained by thermoforming the above-described foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet, so that the sheet thickness increases due to secondary foaming during thermoforming, while the foamed sheet is pulled. As a result, the sheet thickness of the fruit vegetable storage recess 1 is reduced. For this reason, it is preferable to obtain the fruit vegetable container 2 of the present invention using a foamed sheet having a thickness 0.8 to 3 times the average sheet thickness of the required fruit vegetable storage recess 1.
[0026]
The method for molding the present vegetable container 2 will be further described in detail. The foam sheet was softened by heating with a heater or the like, sandwiched between the foam sheet heat-softened with a vegetable-shaped mold for fruit vegetables, and the foam sheet was in close contact with the container-shaped mold surface, along the mold shape A fruit vegetable container is obtained. When forming by the vacuum forming method, usually, both edges in the width direction of the sheet are clamped with a constant width, so that the foam sheet is formed in the fruit vegetable storage recess 1 of the fruit vegetable container 2, that is, substantially gold. Only the part located on the mold recess is stretched and molded, but by vacuum forming while narrowing the width between the clamps at both edges of the foam sheet, the periphery of the part located on the mold recess of the sheet The part can also be drawn into the mold recess, and as a result, a fruit vegetable container having a relatively uniform container thickness can be obtained. In addition, by adjusting the shape of the male and female molds used for molding, the gap at the time of mold matching, molding speed, etc., or by adjusting the shape of the fruit vegetable storage recess 1 and the arrangement of these, etc., the fruit vegetable storage recess Various characteristics such as an average sheet thickness of 1 can be adjusted to a more favorable range.
[0027]
In particular, when a laminated foam sheet in which a thermoplastic resin layer is laminated and integrated with a foam sheet is used for thermoforming, a product having a complicated rib shape or a fruit vegetable container 2 having a deep fruit juice storage recess 1 is formed. It can be easily obtained, and the obtained container 2 has excellent rigidity and appearance. When the fruit vegetable container 2 is obtained from the laminated foamed sheet in which such thermoplastic resin layers are laminated, it is preferable to use the laminated foamed sheet in which the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is adjusted as described above. Further, when a container is formed using a laminated foam sheet in which a thin thermoplastic resin layer is laminated only on one side of the foam sheet, the thermoplastic resin layer is on the inner side of the container 2 (the side in contact with fruit vegetables). The foam layer is preferably positioned outside the container 2 in terms of moldability.
[0028]
The fruit vegetable container 2 is required to have excellent buffering properties for protecting the whole fruit vegetable and the surface, and excellent shape retention. Considering such points, the average density of the vegetable container 2 of the present invention is 0.045 g / cm. Three The following is preferable, and more preferably 0.011 to 0.025 g / cm. Three , Particularly preferably 0.013-0.025 g / cm Three It is. Average density 0.045 g / cm Three The following containers can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the density of the foamed sheet, the secondary foamability of the foamed sheet, the gap at the time of molding the molds, and the like. In addition, the average density of the fruit vegetable container is obtained by dividing the container into a grid pattern at intervals of 3 cm, cutting out an approximately square measurement sample having a side of about 2 cm from each divided body, and obtaining the outer dimensions of each sample. The density of each sample (g / cm from volume and weight) Three ) And calculated as the arithmetic average value of these values.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0030]
Examples 1-4, 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Nisoron Hard 6300 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation (density 0.96 g / cm Three High density polyethylene (HDPE)), NS-1 (density 0.92 g / cm) manufactured by Nihon Unicar Co., Ltd. Three Low density polyethylene (LDPE)) and Stylon 679 (density 1.05 g / cm) manufactured by A & M Styrene Co., Ltd. Three Polystyrene (PS)) is used in the proportions shown in Table 1, and the resin mixture is adjusted to contain 1% by weight of glyceride monostearate as an anti-shrinkage agent and 1% by weight of talc as a cell nucleation agent. Furthermore, these mixtures and the foaming agent shown in Table 1 were mixed at a pressure of 170 kg / cm. 2 After melt-kneading with G, it was extruded and foamed into a cylindrical shape from a circular die at a resin temperature of 130 ° C. A balloon is formed while cooling the inner and outer surfaces of the extruded cylindrical foam with air, and the balloon is taken up while passing over the surface of the columnar cooling device, and then cut open along the extrusion direction as shown in Table 2. The foam sheet shown was obtained.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004257809
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004257809
[0033]
In addition, the density, thickness, etc. of the foam sheet in Table 2 are values obtained by measurement as follows.
[0034]
Thickness of foam sheet and thermoplastic resin layer
In the vertical cross section in the thickness direction of the foam sheet or laminated foam sheet, select 20 or more measurement points at equal intervals, measure the foam sheet thickness or the foam sheet thickness of the laminate foam sheet, and the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer, It was calculated | required as an arithmetic average value of thickness.
[0035]
Foam sheet density
A sample for measurement measuring 10 cm in length and 10 cm in width (thickness of the foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet) is cut out from the foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet. In the case of only the foam sheet, the sample weight (g) is calculated by calculating the sample volume (cm Three ) [10 (cm) × 10 (cm) × sample thickness (cm)] ] Divided by. In the case of a laminated foam sheet, the weight (g) of the thermoplastic resin layer obtained by calculation [10 (cm) × 10 (cm) × the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer (cm) × the density of the thermoplastic resin layer (g / Cm Three ) ] Is subtracted from the sample weight (g) to obtain the volume (cm Three ) [10 (cm) × 10 (cm) × determined by the thickness (cm) of the foam sheet in the sample. ] Divided by.
[0036]
The tear strength, compression modulus, and molded product obtained by molding the foamed sheet in a container for tomato of 430 × 300 × 30 mm by a vacuum molding method. Table 3 shows the results of the evaluation. In Table 3, the tear strength, compression modulus, rigidity of the molded product, moldability, etc. of the foamed sheet were evaluated as follows.
[0037]
Tear strength
In accordance with JIS K6767, a test piece with the foam sheet extrusion direction as the longitudinal direction was cut out, a tensile test of this test piece was performed, and the maximum load (kgf) at the time of cutting was divided by the test piece thickness (cm). .
[0038]
Compression modulus
It tested by the above-mentioned method and calculated | required from said Formula (1). In the case of a laminated foamed sheet, the compression modulus was measured using a test piece cut out from the laminated foamed sheet sample without peeling off the thermoplastic resin layer.
[0039]
rigidity
A cantilever test was performed by fixing one end portion in the longitudinal direction of the molded product, the amount of sag at the other end portion in the longitudinal direction was measured, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: The amount of sag is less than 6 mm
○: The amount of sag is 6 to 15 mm
×: The amount of sag is more than 15mm
[0040]
Formability
The molded product was visually evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: The mold reproducibility is good and the thickness of the fruit vegetable storage recess is uniform.
○: Although the mold reproducibility is somewhat inferior, the appearance is good and the thickness of the fruit vegetable storage recess is uniform.
X: A crack has occurred in a part of the molded product.
[0041]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004257809
[0042]
Example 5
Nisoron Hard 6300 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation (density 0.96 g / cm Three High density polyethylene (HDPE)), NS-1 (density 0.92 g / cm) manufactured by Nihon Unicar Co., Ltd. Three Low density polyethylene (LDPE)) and Stylon 679 (density 1.05 g / cm) manufactured by A & M Styrene Co., Ltd. Three (Polystyrene (PS)) in the proportions shown in Table 1, and adjusted to contain 1% by weight of glyceride monostearate as an anti-shrinkage agent and talc as a cell nucleation agent in these resin mixtures. In addition, these blends and the foaming agents shown in Table 1 were mixed in an extruder at a pressure of 160 kg / cm. 2 G was melt kneaded. On the other hand, a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is melted in another extruder, the foaming agent is added and kneaded, and a foamable melt-kneaded product adjusted to 135 ° C. and a melt of low-density polyethylene adjusted to 120 ° C. From a circular die, coextrusion was performed so that a 0.02 mm low density polyethylene (LDPE) resin layer was laminated and integrated on both the inner and outer surfaces of the cylindrical foam. A balloon was formed while cooling the inner and outer surfaces of the extruded and foamed cylindrical foam with air, and the balloon was formed with a mandrel and then cut along the extrusion direction to obtain a laminated foam sheet shown in Table 2. In addition, the low density polyethylene laminated | stacked on the both surfaces side of the foam sheet is NUC-8350 by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd. Various properties of the obtained laminated foam sheet and tomato containers molded in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 using the foam sheet were evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0043]
Example 6
Table 2 shows the same as in Example 5 except that the thermoplastic resin layer was coextruded so that a low density polyethylene (LDPE) resin layer having a thickness of 0.04 mm was formed on the outer surface side of the cylindrical foam. A laminated foam sheet was obtained. In addition, the low density polyethylene laminated | stacked on the single side | surface side of the foam sheet is Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd. NUC-8350. Various physical properties of the obtained laminated foam sheet and tomato containers molded in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 using the foam sheet were evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0044]
Example 7
As a thermoplastic resin layer, an EVA melt adjusted to 124 ° C. is coextruded so that an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) layer having a thickness of 0.04 mm is formed on the outer surface side of the cylindrical foam. A laminated foam sheet shown in Table 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that. In addition, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer laminated | stacked on the single side | surface side of the foam sheet is NUC-8450 by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd. Various physical properties of the obtained laminated foam sheet and tomato containers molded in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0045]
The foamed sheets or laminated foamed sheets of the above examples had a high closed cell ratio of 50% or more, and were excellent in appearance, compression elasticity, surface flexibility, rigidity, moldability, and the like. Moreover, the container obtained from the foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet of an Example has the same density as this foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet, and average sheet thickness similar to the thickness of a foamed sheet or laminated foamed sheet also in a storage recessed part. It was excellent in appearance, rigidity, buffering properties and the like.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the foamed sheet of the present invention has cushioning, moderate rigidity, light weight, moldability, water resistance, etc., and uses a general-purpose resin as a raw material. It is an excellent synthetic resin foam sheet that can be supplied to the market at a low price. In particular, a laminated foam sheet in which a thermoplastic resin layer is laminated and integrated with a foam sheet is further excellent in moldability, rigidity, appearance, and the like.
[0047]
In addition, the fruit vegetable container of the present invention is obtained by thermoforming the above foamed sheet, inherits the characteristics of the foamed sheet, and has the respective excellent characteristics possessed by several kinds of conventional vegetable vegetables containers. At the same time, it has excellent buffering properties, moderate rigidity, light weight, water resistance, etc., and is highly versatile.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a fruit vegetable container of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Fruit and vegetable storage recess
2 Vegetable container

Claims (6)

押出機より押出発泡された円筒状発泡体を押出方向に切り開いてシート状に形成した発泡シートであって、(1)ポリスチレン系樹脂30〜45重量%、(2)密度0.89〜0.93g/cmのポリエチレン系樹脂30〜50重量%、(3)密度0.94〜0.97g/cmのポリエチレン系樹脂10〜30重量%(但し、(1)、(2)及び(3)の合計は100重量%)とからなる混合樹脂を主成分とし、密度が0.045g/cm以下、厚みが2mm以上、6mm未満であることを特徴とする熱成形用発泡シート。 A foamed sheet formed by cutting a cylindrical foam extruded from an extruder in the extrusion direction into a sheet, (1) 30 to 45 % by weight of a polystyrene-based resin, and (2) a density of 0.89 to 0.00. 93 g / cm 3 polyethylene resin 30-50 wt%, (3) density 0.94-0.97 g / cm 3 polyethylene resin 10-30 wt% (however, (1), (2) and (3 ) Is a foamed sheet for thermoforming, characterized in that the main component is a mixed resin consisting of 100% by weight), the density is 0.045 g / cm 3 or less, and the thickness is 2 mm or more and less than 6 mm . (1)ポリスチレン系樹脂40重量%超、45重量%以下、(2)密度0.89〜0.93g/cmのポリエチレン系樹脂30〜50重量%、(3)密度0.94〜0.97g/cmのポリエチレン系樹脂10〜30重量%(但し、(1)、(2)及び(3)の合計は100重量%)とからなる混合樹脂を主成分とする請求項1記載の熱成形用発泡シート。(1) Polystyrene resin exceeding 40% by weight, 45 % by weight or less, (2) Polyethylene resin having a density of 0.89 to 0.93 g / cm 3 , 30 to 50% by weight, (3) Density of 0.94 to 0. 2. The heat according to claim 1, wherein the main component is a mixed resin comprising 10 to 30% by weight of a 97 g / cm 3 polyethylene resin (however, the sum of (1), (2) and (3) is 100% by weight). Foam sheet for molding. 密度が0.011〜0.025g/cm3である請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用発泡シート。Foam sheet for thermoforming according to claim 1 or 2 density of 0.011~0.025g / cm 3. 圧縮弾性率が5kgf/cm下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の熱成形用発泡シート。Foam sheet for thermoforming according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compression modulus of 2 hereinafter 5 kgf / cm. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の熱成形用発泡シートに、熱可塑性樹脂層が積層一体化されていることを特徴とする熱成形用発泡シート。The foam sheet for thermoforming according to any one of claims 1-4, the foam sheet for thermoforming a thermoplastic resin layer is characterized in that it is laminated and integrated. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の熱成形用発泡シートを熱成形してなる果菜用容器。A fruit vegetable container obtained by thermoforming the foamed sheet for thermoforming according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
JP17273499A 1999-06-18 1999-06-18 Foam sheet for thermoforming and container for fruit vegetables Expired - Fee Related JP4257809B2 (en)

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JP2006052288A (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-23 Jsp Corp Foamed sheet for thermoforming and fruit vegetable container and method for producing foamed sheet for thermoforming
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EP3118231A4 (en) * 2014-03-12 2017-11-01 Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. Composite resin particles, foamable particles, pre-foamed particles, and foam molded body
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