JP4245369B2 - Rectifier circuit for power generator for distributed power supply - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rectifier circuit for a power generator for a distributed power source that extracts an approximate maximum output from a permanent magnet generator driven by a wind turbine or a water turbine, and is particularly configured by a plurality of windings that output different induced voltage effective values. The present invention relates to a rectifier circuit for a distributed power generator that performs constant voltage charging without using a PWM converter from a permanent magnet generator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to obtain an approximate maximum output from a permanent magnet generator connected to a windmill or a water turbine without using a PWM converter, the present applicant firstly uses a different permanent magnet generator. About the distributed power generator that connects the output terminals of multiple windings that output the effective value of the induced voltage to individual diode rectifiers via reactors, adds the direct current output of these individual diode rectifiers, and outputs them to the outside. Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-221714 “Small Wind Power Generator” and “Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-309790” “Distributed Power Generator” have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0003]
Such a prior application technique includes a main circuit single-line diagram showing a distributed power generator connected to the windmill or water turbine of FIG. 6, and a permanent magnet power generation of the distributed power generator driven by the windmill or turbine of FIG. This will be described in detail with reference to the structural diagram of the machine.
In FIG. 6, 1 is a windmill, 2 is a power generator for distributed power supply of the prior application, 3 is a permanent magnet generator, 4 to 6 are first to third reactors, and 7 to 9 are first to third. Diode rectifier 10 is a positive output terminal, 11 is a negative output terminal, 12 is a battery, and 13 to 15 are first to third output terminals.
In FIG. 7, reference numeral 40 denotes a rotor, 30 denotes a stator, 31 to 36 denote first to sixth stator teeth, 37 denotes a stator yoke, and 21 to 23 denote first to third windings. The same number as 6 represents the same component.
In FIG. 7, the first to third windings 21 to 23 wound around the first to sixth stator teeth 31 to 36 of the permanent magnet generator 3 are different in phase by 120 degrees. Since the phase voltage is output to the outside, the structure is such that nine types of voltage are output in total.
[0004]
Referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the permanent magnet generator 3 has three windings having different induced voltage effective values and has the smallest number of turns in the three windings. A first output terminal 13 connected to the first winding 21 having a low induced voltage effective value is connected to the first reactor 4 and further connected to the first diode rectifier 7.
The second output terminal 14 connected to the second winding 22 having the next largest number of turns is connected to the second reactor 5 and further connected to the second diode rectifier 8.
Further, the third output terminal 15 connected to the third winding 23 having the highest effective value of induced voltage due to the largest number of turns is connected to the third reactor 6, and further the third diode rectifier. 9 is connected.
The DC side of each of the first to third diode rectifiers 7 to 9 is connected to the positive output terminal 10 and the negative output terminal 11, and the total output of each winding is charged to the battery 12.
[0005]
A method for obtaining an approximate maximum wind turbine output from the power generator 2 for distributed power supply configured as described above will be described below.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the wind turbine rotation speed versus the wind turbine output characteristic when the wind speed is used as a parameter.
In the windmill, when the shape of the windmill and the wind speed U are determined, the windmill output P with respect to the windmill rotation speed N is uniquely determined. For example, the windmill output P with respect to the wind speed Ux and Uy is indicated by a solid line in FIG. And the peak of the windmill output P with respect to various wind speeds becomes like the maximum output curve shown with the dashed-dotted line of FIG.
That is, when the wind speed is Ux in the wind turbine rotational speed vs. wind turbine output characteristic of FIG. 5, the wind turbine maximum output Px is obtained at the wind turbine rotational speed Nx as indicated by the intersection Sx of the wind turbine output curve of the wind speed Ux and the maximum output curve. It becomes.
When the wind speed is Uy, the windmill maximum output Py at the wind speed Uy is obtained at the windmill rotational speed Ny.
[0006]
In other words, looking at the maximum output curve in FIG. 5 in order to obtain the maximum output from the wind, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is determined, the output P of the permanent magnet generator at that time is uniquely set to the maximum. This indicates that the value on the output curve may be determined.
[0007]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the DC output of the distributed power generator 2 targeted by the prior application technology is connected to a constant voltage source such as a battery, and the inside 3 of the permanent magnet generator of the distributed power generator 2 The outputs of the first to third windings 21 to 23 are different from each other in the effective value of the induced voltage of each winding and the voltage drop due to the internal inductance of each winding and the reactor connected to each output terminal. W1 to W3 shown in the wind turbine rotation speed vs. output characteristics.
[0008]
That is, when the wind turbine rotational speed N is low, the voltage VW3 generated by the third winding 23 is lower than the battery voltage VB, so that the battery is not charged. However, when the wind turbine rotational speed N rises and approaches N3, current starts to flow, and when the wind turbine rotational speed N reaches N3, the output W3 of the third winding 23 becomes PW3. Even if the wind turbine rotation speed N increases further and the induced voltage increases, the battery voltage is almost constant, but the impedance due to the inductance of the winding is proportional to the frequency, so the output W3 gradually increases from PW3. Stay on.
As for the second winding 22, an output can be obtained by further increasing the rotational speed N, but a large output can be obtained because the internal inductance and the like are small. As for the first winding 21, when the rotation speed N further increases, a larger output can be obtained.
[0009]
The output to the constant voltage source such as the battery 12 of the distributed power generation device 2 configured in this way is the total output obtained by adding the outputs W1 to W3 of the first to third windings 21 to 23. Are the same.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of wind turbine rotation speed vs. wind turbine output of the distributed power generation device targeted by the prior application technique.
The maximum output curve shown by the solid line in FIG. 3 is the same curve as the maximum output curve shown in FIG. 5, and if the output P with respect to the wind turbine rotation speed N is on this curve, the maximum output can be extracted from the wind turbine.
Therefore, in the power generator 2 for distributed power supply, the output is approximately taken out by the output on the approximate output curve as shown by the dotted line in FIG. That is, the total output on the approximate output curve is realized by the output obtained by adding the outputs W1 to W3 of the first to third windings 21 to 23.
[0010]
Here, the winding internal inductance in the permanent magnet generator 3 of the distributed power generator 2 is proportional to the square of the number of turns. Accordingly, the value of the reactor connected to the third winding is larger than the value of the reactor connected to the second winding, and the value of the reactor connected to the second winding is the same as that of the first winding. The output curve of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source is realized that is larger than the value of the connected reactor and approximates the maximum output curve indicated by the solid line in FIG.
[0011]
Further, in the embodiment of the permanent magnet generator structure of FIG. 7, in order to reduce the torque at the time of starting, the first winding 21 having the lowest induced voltage value has a three-phase voltage that is 120 degrees different in phase. Since the three-phase voltages are output to the outside in the same way for the other second and third windings 22 and 23, nine types of voltages are output in total.
[0012]
[Application 1]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-221714 (Fig. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-309790 (Fig. 1)
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In general, the low wind speed state is long in time but low in output. In such a distributed power generator 2, in order to obtain an output efficiently even when the wind speed is low, the loss due to the voltage drop of the diode is ignored. Although it becomes impossible, when the first to third diode rectifiers 7 to 9 are normal full-wave rectifier circuits, the charging current from the permanent magnet generator 3 flows through the diodes on the + side and the − side, The ratio of loss due to the voltage drop of the diode was large.
Further, the first to third windings 21 to 23 having different effective values of the induced voltage output from the permanent magnet generator 3 are arranged to output a three-phase voltage having a phase difference of 120 degrees to the outside. 3 reactors are required, and in the case of a normal full-wave rectifier circuit, since it flows through two reactors, the rate of loss due to the voltage drop of this reactor was also large.
Furthermore, in order to extract the maximum output from the windmill, it is necessary that the maximum output curve shown by the solid line in FIG. 3 and the output of the rectifier circuit of the distributed power generator are matched, but due to manufacturing errors of the windmill or the power generator. Inconsistency may not be achieved.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. The main purpose of the present invention is to reduce the loss due to voltage drop of the diode and the reactor generated when charging from the permanent magnet generator 3, and An object of the present invention is to provide a rectifier circuit for a power generator for a distributed power source having a permanent magnet generator composed of a plurality of windings that can be easily matched.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in the present invention, a plurality of windings that output different induced voltage effective values are composed of a plurality of multiphase windings that output a plurality of induced voltage effective values and a plurality of phases to constitute a permanent magnet generator. Each output terminal of one of the multiphase windings that outputs the induced voltage effective values having different phases is connected to the middle point of an individual diode rectifier connected in series with a diode, and each of the other outputs of the multiphase winding. Each terminal is connected to one end of a reactor with a different inductance value provided with a tap, and the other end of this reactor is connected to the middle point of a capacitor connected in series, and is composed of a plurality of windings. It constitutes a rectifier circuit of a distributed power generator having a magnet generator.
[0015]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems based on the above principle, and each means for achieving the object includes:
1) In claim 1,
An AC output of a permanent magnet generator that is driven by a windmill or a water turbine and outputs a different induced voltage effective value is output to an individual diode rectifier via a reactor at an output terminal of the plurality of windings. The rectifier circuit of the power generator for a distributed power source that rectifies by adding the direct current outputs of the individual diode rectifiers and outputs them to the outside. The plurality of windings output a plurality of polyphases that output a plurality of effective values of the same induced voltage. In addition to being constituted by windings, the multiphase winding is constituted by a plurality of windings that output a plurality of phases.
[0016]
2) In claim 2,
2. The plurality of multiphase windings according to claim 1, wherein one output terminal of the multiphase winding that outputs effective values of different induced voltages having the same phase is connected to a midpoint of each of the individual diode rectifiers. The other output terminal of the winding is connected to one end of a reactor having a different inductance value, and the other end of the reactor having a different inductance value is collectively connected to a midpoint of capacitors connected in series. Is.
[0017]
3) In claim 3,
3. A reactor having different inductance values according to claim 2, wherein a reactor connected to an output terminal that outputs the highest effective voltage effective value is constituted by a plurality of reactors, and a low induced voltage effective value at a connection point of the plurality of reactors. An output terminal that generates the above is connected.
[0018]
4) In claim 4,
3. A reactor having different inductance values according to claim 2, wherein a tap is provided on the reactor.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a rectifier circuit of a power generator for a distributed power source that obtains a DC output from a wind turbine or a water turbine according to the present invention. The number of multiphase windings that output different induced voltage effective values is shown in FIG. 7 is different from FIG. 7, and the number of multiphase windings that output the same effective value of the induced voltage is 3 as in FIG.
In the figure, reference numerals 71 to 73 are diode rectifiers of the first winding, 81 to 83 are diode rectifiers of the second winding, 41 to 43 are reactors of the first winding, 51 to 53 are reactors of the second winding, 131 to 136 are U, V, W phase output terminals of the first winding, 141 to 146 are U, V, W phase output terminals of the second winding, 61, 63, 65 are upper capacitors, 62, 64, 66 Is a lower capacitor, and the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the same components.
Hereinafter, FIG. 1 will be described.
[0020]
The U-phase output terminal 131 of the first winding with a small number of turns is at the midpoint of the diode rectifier 71 of the first winding, and the V-phase output terminal 133 of the first winding is at the midpoint of the diode rectifier 72 of the first winding. The W-phase output terminal 135 of the first winding is connected to the midpoint of the diode rectifier 73 of the first winding.
Similarly, the U, V, and W phase output terminals 141, 143, and 145 of the second winding having a large number of turns are connected to the midpoints of the diode rectifiers 81, 82, and 83 of the second winding, respectively.
[0021]
The other U-phase output terminal 132 of the first winding with a small number of turns is connected to the reactor 41 of the first winding, and the other U-phase output terminal 142 of the second winding is connected to the reactor 51 of the second winding. The opposite phase output terminal sides of the first winding reactor 41 and the second winding reactor 51 are collectively connected to the middle points of the upper and lower capacitors 61 and 62 connected in series.
Similarly, the V and W phase output terminals 134 and 136 of the other first windings are similarly connected to the reactors 42 and 43 of the first winding, and the V and W phase output terminals 144 and 146 of the other second windings are also the same. Respective output terminals of the first winding reactor 42 and the second winding reactor 52 are connected to the two-winding reactors 52 and 53, respectively, and the middle points of the upper and lower capacitors 63 and 64 connected in series. In addition, the non-output terminal sides of the reactor 43 of the first winding and the reactor 53 of the second winding are connected together to the middle points of the upper and lower capacitors 65 and 66 connected in series.
[0022]
In the rectifier circuit of the distributed power generator connected in this way, for example, only the U-phase winding of the second winding will be described. When the potential of the U-phase output terminal 141 is higher than the potential of the U-phase output terminal 142, The current flows through the diode on the upper side of the diode rectifier 81, the capacitor 61 on the upper side, and the reactor 51 of the second winding. When the potential of the U-phase output terminal 142 of the second winding is higher than the potential of the U-phase output terminal 141, the current flows through the reactor 51 of the second winding, the lower capacitor 62, and the lower diode of the diode rectifier 81. Flowing through. Therefore, when the capacitors 61 and 62 are charged, the current flowing from the output terminal flows through one diode, so that the loss due to the voltage drop of the diode can be reduced.
[0023]
The same charging operation is performed for the other first windings of the U phase, and the same is true for the other V and W phases.
At this time, since the total voltage of the upper capacitor and the lower capacitor is applied to the voltage of the battery 12, the battery 12 can be charged with a voltage twice that of a normal rectifier circuit.
Also, this charging operation is only charging from the second winding when the wind turbine speed is low, but when the wind turbine speed increases, charging from the first winding also starts, and from both windings. Charged.
[0024]
Furthermore, by providing taps on the reactors 41 to 43 of the first winding and the 51 to 53 of the second winding, it becomes easy to perform fine adjustment to obtain the output indicated by the approximate output curve of FIG. 3 from the windmill.
[0025]
FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the present invention, 54 to 56 are second reactors, and the same numbers as those in FIG. 1 represent the same components.
In FIG. 2, the values of the second reactors 54 to 56 connected to the second winding having a large number of turns are the values of the first reactors 41 to 43 from the values of the second reactors 51 to 53 of FIG. Since it is configured to be equal to the reduced value, it is possible to obtain almost the same output as in the first embodiment of FIG.
However, in the second embodiment of FIG. 2, since the values of the second reactors 54 to 56 can be reduced, the weight of the second reactors 54 to 56 and thus the overall weight can be reduced. In the present embodiment, the case where the number of multi-phase windings is two has been described. However, when the number of multi-phase windings is three or more, the total weight is further reduced by dividing the reactor in the same manner. Can do.
Further, by providing taps only on the first reactors 41 to 43, fine adjustment for obtaining the output shown by the approximate output curve of FIG. 3 from the windmill can be performed, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. .
[0026]
In the rectifier circuit of the distributed power generator connected in this way, the current flowing from the output terminal flows through one diode and the reactor, as in the first embodiment of the present invention of FIG. The loss due to the voltage drop of the diode and the reactor can be reduced.
[0027]
In the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the case where the number of multiphase windings generating different induced voltage effective values is 2 and the number of phases of windings generating the same induced voltage effective value is 3 will be described. However, even if the number of multiphase windings is 3 or more and the number of phases is 2 or 4 or more, the rectifier circuit of the power generator for a distributed power source according to the present invention can be configured.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the rectifier circuit of the power generator for the distributed power source for taking out the maximum output from the permanent magnet generator driven by the wind turbine or the water turbine without using the PWM converter of the present invention includes a plurality of induced voltages of the permanent magnet generator. Consists of multi-phase windings that output an effective value and a plurality of phases, each multi-phase winding output terminal is connected to the middle point of a plurality of diode rectifiers, and the other output terminal of each multi-phase winding is connected Connected to one end of a reactor with a tap, and the other end of the reactor connected to the winding that outputs the same phase is connected to the middle point of the capacitors connected in series. .
Therefore, the loss due to the voltage drop of the diode and the reactor generated when charging from the permanent magnet generator 3 can be reduced, so that energy can be effectively extracted even at a low wind speed.
Further, by finely adjusting the reactor provided with taps, it is possible to perform fine adjustment for obtaining the output shown by the approximate output curve of FIG. 3 from the windmill, which is practically useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a rectifier circuit of a power generator for a distributed power source driven by a windmill or a water turbine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a rectifier circuit of a power generator for a distributed power source driven by another windmill or water turbine according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of wind turbine rotation speed vs. wind turbine output of a power generator for a distributed power source that is a subject of a prior application.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an operation principle of a power generator for a distributed power source targeted by an earlier application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a wind turbine rotation speed versus wind turbine output characteristic when a wind speed is used as a parameter.
FIG. 6 is a main circuit single line connection diagram of a power generator for a distributed power supply of an earlier application;
FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet generator of a power generator for a distributed power source of an earlier application.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Windmill 2 Distributed power generator 3 Permanent magnet type generators 4-6 First to third reactors 7-9 First to third diode rectifiers 10 Positive output terminal 11 Negative output terminal 12 Batteries 13-15 First to third output terminals 21 to 23 First to third windings 30 Stator 31 to 36 First to sixth stator teeth 37 Stator yoke 40 Rotors 41 to 43 First winding reactor 51 to 56 Reactors 61 to 63 of the second winding Upper capacitors 64 to 66 Lower capacitors 71 to 73 Diode rectifiers 81 to 83 of the first winding Diode rectifiers 131 to 136 of the second winding U of the first winding, V, W phase output terminals 141-146 U, V, W phase output terminals of second winding

Claims (4)

The AC output of a permanent magnet generator that is driven by a windmill or a water turbine and is composed of a plurality of windings that generate different effective values of induced voltage is passed through reactors having different inductance values from the output terminals of the plurality of windings. In the rectifier circuit of a distributed power generator that rectifies by individual diode rectifiers, adds the direct current output of the individual diode rectifiers and outputs to the outside, the plurality of windings have a plurality of identical inductions at the same generator speed. A rectifier circuit for a power generator for a distributed power supply, comprising: a plurality of multiphase windings that output an effective voltage value; and the multiphase winding is composed of a plurality of windings that output a plurality of phases. 2. The multi-phase winding according to claim 1, wherein one output terminal of the multi-phase winding that outputs effective values of different induced voltages having the same phase is connected to a midpoint of each of the individual diode rectifiers connected in series with a diode. The other output terminal of the multiphase winding is connected to one end of a reactor having a different inductance value, and the other end of each of the reactors is connected to the middle point of a capacitor connected in series. A rectifier circuit for a power generator for a distributed power source. 3. A reactor having different inductance values according to claim 2, wherein a reactor connected to an output terminal that outputs a high induced voltage effective value is constituted by a plurality of reactors, and a low induced voltage effective value is generated at a connection point of the plurality of reactors. A rectifier circuit for a power generator for a distributed power source, wherein an output terminal is connected. The reactor with different inductance values according to claim 2, wherein the reactor is provided with a tap.

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