JP4238764B2 - Measuring device - Google Patents
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 48
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Description
本発明は、測定値を演算手段で演算処理して表示器に表示する計測装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a measuring device that performs processing on a measured value by a calculation means and displays the measured value on a display.
測定データを演算手段で演算処理して表示器に表示する計測装置において、経年変化による測定誤差を補正する技術を開示した先行技術文献としては次のようなものがある。 As a prior art document that discloses a technique for correcting a measurement error due to secular change in a measurement apparatus that performs an arithmetic process on measurement data by a calculation unit and displays the measurement data on a display device, there are the following.
図２は測定値を演算手段で演算処理して表示する従来の計測装置の一般的な構成を示す機能ブロック図である。１は測定手段であり、アナログ入力信号Ｅｉをディジタル測定値に変換するＡＤＣ１１と、変換された測定値に対する信号処理手段１２と、信号処理された測定値を所定期間保持するアクイジションメモリ１３とよりなる。 FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a general configuration of a conventional measuring apparatus that displays a measurement value obtained by calculation processing by a calculation means. Reference numeral 1 denotes measurement means, which comprises an ADC 11 for converting the analog input signal Ei into a digital measurement value, a signal processing means 12 for the converted measurement value, and an acquisition memory 13 for holding the signal-processed measurement value for a predetermined period. .
２は演算手段であり、アクイジションメモリ１３より測定値を読み込んで各種の演算を実行する。演算の例として、２１は平均値演算手段であり、複数回の測定値を平均して平均値ｍを出力する。 Reference numeral 2 denotes calculation means, which reads measurement values from the acquisition memory 13 and executes various calculations. As an example of calculation, 21 is an average value calculation means, which averages a plurality of measured values and outputs an average value m.
２２は標準偏差演算手段であり、平均値演算手段２１で演算対象となった測定値の平均値からのばらつきに基づいて標準偏差σを演算して出力する。この他の演算例としては、電力測定装置における高調波率の演算等がある。 Reference numeral 22 denotes a standard deviation calculation means, which calculates and outputs a standard deviation σ based on the variation from the average value of the measurement values to be calculated by the average value calculation means 21. Other calculation examples include the calculation of the harmonic rate in the power measuring apparatus.
３は表示器であり、演算手段２が出力する演算結果、この例では平均値ｍ及び標準偏差σを表示する。４はＣＰＵであり、測定手段１，演算手段２，表示器３における信号処理を統括管理する。 Reference numeral 3 denotes a display which displays the calculation result output by the calculation means 2, in this example, the average value m and the standard deviation σ. Reference numeral 4 denotes a CPU, which performs overall management of signal processing in the measuring means 1, the calculating means 2, and the display 3.
測定値の不確かさを計算する場合、測定値のばらつき、周囲環境変動による影響、分解能の影響、上位標準器によって校正された時の不確かさ、経時変化等を評価し算出しなければならない。そのため、不確かさの算出には多くの時間がかかる煩雑な作業が必要であった。 When calculating the uncertainty of a measurement value, it is necessary to evaluate and calculate the dispersion of the measurement value, the influence of ambient environment fluctuations, the influence of resolution, the uncertainty when calibrated by the host standard, and the change over time. For this reason, calculation of uncertainties requires complicated work that takes a lot of time.
従って本発明が解決しようとする課題は、不確かさを演算する手段を計測装置内に設けて煩雑な算出作業を不要とした計測装置を実現することにある。 Therefore, a problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize a measuring apparatus that eliminates complicated calculation work by providing a means for calculating uncertainty in the measuring apparatus.
このような課題を達成するために、本発明の構成は次の通りである。
（１）測定値を演算手段で演算処理して表示器に表示する計測装置において、
室温センサと、
測定に影響する不確かさの原因となるパラメータを入力し、このパラメータに基づいた測定値の不確かさを演算し、その結果を前記表示器に表示する不確かさ演算手段と
を設け、
前記不確かさ演算手段は、
前記室温センサによる室温測定値より、測定期間中の最高室温と最低室温の差を計算し周囲温度変動幅を求める温度差検出手段と、
前記測定値のばらつきに基づく標準偏差と前記温度差検出手段で計算した測定期間中の周囲温度変動幅とをパラメータとして不確かさを演算する不確かさ計算手段と
を備えることを特徴とする計測装置。
In order to achieve such an object, the configuration of the present invention is as follows.
(1) In a measurement device that performs a calculation process on a measurement value by a calculation means and displays it on a display unit,
A room temperature sensor;
Enter the parameter that causes uncertainty affecting the measurement, calculates the uncertainty of measurement based on this parameter, and the <br/> provided uncertainty calculation means for displaying the result on the display unit,
The uncertainty calculation means is:
Temperature difference detection means for calculating the difference between the highest room temperature and the lowest room temperature during the measurement period and obtaining the ambient temperature fluctuation range from the room temperature measurement value by the room temperature sensor,
Uncertainty calculation means for calculating uncertainty using the standard deviation based on the variation of the measured values and the ambient temperature fluctuation range during the measurement period calculated by the temperature difference detection means as parameters.
Measuring device characterized by comprising a.
（２）前記不確かさ演算手段は、温度係数、校正日からの経過日数、経時変化率の少なくともいずれかをパラメータとして不確かさを演算することを特徴とする（１）に記載の計測装置。
(2) The measurement apparatus according to (1), wherein the uncertainty calculation means calculates uncertainty using at least one of a temperature coefficient, a number of days elapsed from a calibration date, and a rate of change with time as a parameter.
（３）前記パラメータは、設置環境要因を反映したデータを含むことを特徴とする（２）に記載の計測装置。 (3) The measurement apparatus according to (2), wherein the parameter includes data reflecting an installation environment factor.
（４）前記パラメータは、製品仕様又は個体特性のいずれかを選択可能としたことを特徴とする（１）乃至（３）のいずれかに記載の計測装置。 (4) The measurement apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the parameter can select either product specifications or individual characteristics.
（５）前記不確かさ演算手段の出力に基づき拡張不確かさを計算して前記表示器に渡す拡張不確かさ演算手段を設けたことを特徴とする（１）乃至（４）のいずれかに記載の計測装置。 (5) The extended uncertainty calculation means for calculating the extended uncertainty based on the output of the uncertainty calculation means and passing it to the display is provided. (1) to (4) Measuring device.
（６）前記拡張不確かさ演算手段は、略９５％の信頼水準を示す値を計算することを特徴とする（５）に記載の計測装置。 (6) The measurement apparatus according to (5), wherein the expanded uncertainty calculation means calculates a value indicating a confidence level of approximately 95%.
（７）前記表示器は、前記測定値の最良推定値±拡張不確かさを表示することを特徴とする（５）又は（６）に記載の計測装置。 (7) The measuring device according to (5) or (6), wherein the display unit displays the best estimated value ± extended uncertainty of the measured value.
（８）前記表示器は、前記不確かさ演算手段のパラメータの明細情報を取得して表示することを特徴とする（１）乃至（７）のいずれかに記載の計測装置。 (8) The measuring device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the display unit acquires and displays detailed information on parameters of the uncertainty calculation means.
以上説明したことから明らかなように、本発明によれば次のような効果がある。
（１）従来、不確かさの計算、評価に多くの時間を費やしていたが、本発明によれば不確かさの計算評価に費やす労力が大幅に軽減される。
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention has the following effects.
(1) Conventionally, much time has been spent on calculation and evaluation of uncertainties, but according to the present invention, labor to calculate and evaluate uncertainties can be greatly reduced.
（２）測定終了後すぐに不確かさがわかる結果、測定の信頼性をリアルタイムで知ることができる。そのため、失敗が減り、測定・校正の効率アップにも貢献する。 (2) As a result of knowing the uncertainty immediately after the measurement is completed, the reliability of the measurement can be known in real time. As a result, failures are reduced and the efficiency of measurement and calibration is increased.
以下、本発明を図面により詳細に説明する。図１は本発明を適用した計測装置の一実施形態を示す機能ブロック図である。図２で説明した従来装置と同一要素には同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。以下、本発明の特徴部につき説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing an embodiment of a measuring apparatus to which the present invention is applied. The same elements as those of the conventional apparatus described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the characteristic part of the present invention will be described.
図１において、１００は本発明で導入された不確かさ演算手段である。この不確かさ演算手段において、１０１は不確かさ計算手段であり、測定に影響する不確かさの原因となるパラメータを入力し、このパラメータに基づいた測定値の不確かさｕを計算して出力する。 In FIG. 1, reference numeral 100 denotes an uncertainty calculation means introduced in the present invention. In this uncertainty calculation means, 101 is an uncertainty calculation means, which inputs a parameter that causes an uncertainty affecting measurement, and calculates and outputs an uncertainty u of the measurement value based on this parameter.
測定に影響する不確かさを計算するために必要なパラメータは、計測装置に共通した汎用的なパラメータの他に、計測装置の種類による特有なパラメータや設置環境によるパラメータがある。 In addition to general-purpose parameters common to the measurement devices, parameters necessary for calculating the uncertainties that affect measurement include parameters specific to the type of measurement device and parameters depending on the installation environment.
汎用的なパラメータとしては、次の６項目を挙げることができる。
（１）測定値のばらつきに基づく標準偏差：σ
（２）周囲温度変動幅：ａ℃（測定期間中の最高室温と最低室温の差）
（３）測定値出力の温度係数：αppm／℃（αは製品仕様又は個体の実測値）
（４）直近の校正日：AAAA年BB月CC日
（５）測定当日：DDDD年EE月FF日（当日は、直近の校正日からb日経過した日）
（６）経時変化率：βppm／日
The following six items can be listed as general-purpose parameters.
(1) Standard deviation based on measured value variation: σ
(2) Ambient temperature fluctuation range: a ° C (difference between the maximum room temperature and the minimum room temperature during the measurement period)
(3) Temperature coefficient of measured value output: αppm / ° C (α is the product specification or individual measured value)
(4) Date of most recent calibration: BB month CC date of AAAA (5) Date of measurement: EE month FF date of DDDD (the day is b days after the latest calibration date)
(6) Rate of change over time: βppm / day
この他に、要求精度によっては分解能、熱起電力、漏洩等をパラメータとして計上することができる。又環境要因として湿度、電界、磁界、放射線等をパラメータとして計上することができる。 In addition, depending on the required accuracy, resolution, thermoelectromotive force, leakage, etc. can be counted as parameters. Moreover, humidity, an electric field, a magnetic field, radiation, etc. can be counted as parameters as environmental factors.
図１に示した不確かさ計算手段１０１は、前記６項目のパラメータを入力して不確かさｕを計算する。測定値のばらつきに基づく標準偏差σは、演算手段２に標準偏差演算手段２２を有する場合にはこの出力値をパラメータとして入力する。 The uncertainty calculation means 101 shown in FIG. 1 inputs the parameters of the six items and calculates the uncertainty u. The standard deviation σ based on the variation of the measured value is input as an output value when the computing means 2 has the standard deviation computing means 22.
周囲温度変動幅は、室温センサ１０２による室温測定値より、測定期間中の最高室温と最低室温の差を温度差検出手段１０３で計算した出力ａをパラメータとして入力する。１０４は手動入力を受け付ける入力手段であり、オペレータが測定値出力の温度係数αppm／℃、経時変化率βppm／日、直近の校正日AAAA年BB月CC日を手動でパラメータとして入力する。 As the ambient temperature fluctuation range, an output a obtained by calculating the difference between the highest room temperature and the lowest room temperature during the measurement period by the temperature difference detecting means 103 from the room temperature measurement value by the room temperature sensor 102 is input as a parameter. Reference numeral 104 denotes an input means for accepting manual input, and the operator manually inputs the temperature coefficient αppm / ° C. of the measurement value output, the rate of change with time βppm / day, and the most recent calibration date AAAA / BB month CC day as parameters.
１０５は計測装置が備えるカレンダであり、この出力で測定当日DDDD年EE月FF日を自動的にパラメータとして入力する。前記手動入力された直近の校正日AAAA年BB月CC日と測定当日DDDD年EE月FF日の差より直近の校正日からの経過日数ｂが算出される。 Reference numeral 105 denotes a calendar provided in the measurement apparatus, and the DDDD year EE month FF day of measurement day is automatically input as a parameter by this output. The elapsed number of days b from the most recent calibration date is calculated from the difference between the latest manually entered calibration date AAAA BB month CC day and the measurement day DDDD year EE month FF.
これら入力されたパラメータに基づき、不確かさ計算手段１０１は、次式により標準不確かさｕを計算する。 Based on these input parameters, the uncertainty calculation means 101 calculates the standard uncertainty u by the following equation.
不確かさｕの単位は測定値の単位と同じである。たとえば電圧の計測において複数回の測定値の平均が１００Ｖとしたときｕの値が１Ｖである場合には、測定値１００Ｖの表示に対して１Ｖの不確かさ（１％の誤差）が存在することを示している。 The unit of uncertainty u is the same as the unit of measurement value. For example, when the average of a plurality of measured values in voltage measurement is 100 V and the value of u is 1 V, there is an uncertainty of 1 V (1% error) with respect to the display of the measured value 100 V. Is shown.
表示器３にこの標準不確かさ計算出力ｕを直接渡して表示してもよいが、ｕを拡張不確かさ演算手段２００で演算し、拡張不確かさ出力Ｕに変換して表示器３に渡して表示する方がわかりやすい。 The standard uncertainty calculation output u may be directly passed to the display unit 3 for display. However, u is calculated by the expanded uncertainty calculation means 200, converted to the expanded uncertainty output U, passed to the display unit 3 and displayed. It is easier to understand.
拡張不確かさは、
Ｕ＝ｋｕ ここで、ｋ＝２
で計算される。ｋはカバレージファクタであり、ｋ＝２に設置することで測定値が略９５％の信頼水準を維持する不確かさを表す。
The expanded uncertainty is
U = ku where k = 2
Calculated by k is a coverage factor, and represents the uncertainty that the measured value maintains a confidence level of approximately 95% when installed at k = 2.
表示の方法は、拡張不確かさだけを表示しても良いが、次のように表示するとわかりやすい。
最良推定値（測定値の平均値）±拡張不確かさ
The display method may display only the expanded uncertainty, but it is easier to understand if it is displayed as follows.
Best estimate (average of measured values) ± expanded uncertainty
更に、不確かさの計算で使用された複数のパラメータを、パラメータ明細情報として表示器３に渡して表示すれば、不確かさの要因となるパラメータを同時に把握することができ、わかりやすい。 Furthermore, if a plurality of parameters used in the calculation of uncertainty are passed to the display device 3 as parameter detail information and displayed, the parameters that cause the uncertainty can be grasped simultaneously and are easy to understand.
尚、パラメータ明細情報及び拡張不確かさ出力は、計測装置に備わる表示器３で表示させる形態の他、ネットワークを介して外部出力し、クライアントの機器で利用する形態も可能である。 The parameter detail information and the expanded uncertainty output may be displayed on the display device 3 provided in the measurement apparatus, or may be output externally via a network and used in the client device.
図１の実施形態では、温度係数αppm／℃、経時変化率βppm／日のパラメータは入力手段１０４から製品仕様に基づいて手動入力される構成を示したが、計測装置自身の診断結果等の個体特性が存在する場合には、それをパラメータとして採用することでより精度の高い演算結果を期待することができる。尚、どちらの入力方法でも可能な設計をしておけば汎用性が向上する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the temperature coefficient α ppm / ° C. and the time-dependent change rate β ppm / day parameters are manually input from the input means 104 based on the product specifications. When there is a characteristic, it is possible to expect a calculation result with higher accuracy by adopting it as a parameter. It should be noted that the versatility is improved if a design is possible with either input method.
１ 測定手段
１１ ＡＤＣ
１２ 信号処理手段
１３ アクイジションメモリ
２ 演算手段
２１ 平均値演算手段
２２ 標準偏差演算手段
３ 表示器
４ ＣＰＵ
１００ 不確かさ演算手段
１０１ 不確かさ計算手段
１０２ 室温センサ
１０３ 温度差検出手段
１０４ 入力手段
１０５ カレンダ
２００ 拡張不確かさ演算手段
1 Measuring means 11 ADC
12 Signal Processing Unit 13 Acquisition Memory 2 Calculation Unit 21 Average Value Calculation Unit 22 Standard Deviation Calculation Unit 3 Display 4 CPU
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Uncertainty calculation means 101 Uncertainty calculation means 102 Room temperature sensor 103 Temperature difference detection means 104 Input means 105 Calendar 200 Extended uncertainty calculation means
Claims (8)
室温センサと、
測定に影響する不確かさの原因となるパラメータを入力し、このパラメータに基づいた測定値の不確かさを演算し、その結果を前記表示器に表示する不確かさ演算手段と
を設け、
前記不確かさ演算手段は、
前記室温センサによる室温測定値より、測定期間中の最高室温と最低室温の差を計算し周囲温度変動幅を求める温度差検出手段と、
前記測定値のばらつきに基づく標準偏差と前記温度差検出手段で計算した測定期間中の周囲温度変動幅とをパラメータとして不確かさを演算する不確かさ計算手段と
を備えることを特徴とする計測装置。 In the measuring device that performs processing on the measured value by the calculation means and displays it on the display,
A room temperature sensor;
Enter the parameter that causes uncertainty affecting the measurement, calculates the uncertainty of measurement based on this parameter, and the <br/> provided uncertainty calculation means for displaying the result on the display unit,
The uncertainty calculation means is:
Temperature difference detection means for calculating the difference between the highest room temperature and the lowest room temperature during the measurement period and obtaining the ambient temperature fluctuation range from the room temperature measurement value by the room temperature sensor,
Uncertainty calculation means for calculating uncertainty using the standard deviation based on the variation of the measured values and the ambient temperature fluctuation range during the measurement period calculated by the temperature difference detection means as parameters.
Measuring device characterized by comprising a.
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| JP4238764B2 true JP4238764B2 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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