JP4236247B2 - 後期糖化最終生成物(AGEs)の形成の新規阻害剤 - Google Patents
後期糖化最終生成物(AGEs)の形成の新規阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4236247B2 JP4236247B2 JP2002571042A JP2002571042A JP4236247B2 JP 4236247 B2 JP4236247 B2 JP 4236247B2 JP 2002571042 A JP2002571042 A JP 2002571042A JP 2002571042 A JP2002571042 A JP 2002571042A JP 4236247 B2 JP4236247 B2 JP 4236247B2
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Description
本出願は、1999年4月5日に出願した仮出願シリアルNo. 60/127,835に関連する、2000年4月5日に出願した出願シリアルNo. 09/543,703の一部継続出願であり、これらの出願は参考文献として本明細書中に援用する。
本発明は、一般的には、グルコースおよびその他の還元糖、例えばフルクトースまたはリボースなど、との反応を介するタンパク質の修飾および老化に関するものであり、そしてより具体的には、しばしば結果として後期糖化最終生成物(advanced glycation endproducts)および架橋を形成する、タンパク質非酵素性糖化の阻害に関する。
1. シッフ塩基の可逆性形成;その後
2. 高い反応性のジカルボニル化合物である3-デオキシグルカゾン(3-DG)などのアマドリ縮合/脱水生成物(Kato et al., 1990);
3. 不可逆性かつ高い反応性の後期糖化最終生成物。初期アマドリ生成物の例はケトアミンであり、これはさらに縮合反応を行い後期AGEsを形成する、。多数のAGE生成物が精製され、そして最近特性決定されたが、これらのそれぞれのものは、in vivoで生成されたAGEsのわずかな画分のみを構成する。例としては、ピラリン、ペントシジン、カルボキシメチル-リジン(CML)、カルボキシエチル-リジン(CEL)、クロスリン(crossline)、ピロロピリジニウム、メチルグリオキサルリジン二量体(MOLD)、Arg-Lysイミダゾール、アルギニンピリジニウム、サイペントジン(cypentodine)、ピペリジンジノン(piperidinedinone)エノールおよびアルキル、ホルミル、ジグリコシル-ピロール(Vlassara, 1994)がある。
アリールおよびヘテロ環式ウレイド誘導体およびアリールおよびヘテロ環式カルボキサミド誘導体を含むフェノキシイソ酪酸の誘導体および安息香酸の誘導体は、しばしば後期糖化最終生成物の形成と架橋という結果を引き起こす、タンパク質の非酵素性糖化を阻害することが見いだされた。多数のその他のフェノキシイソ酪酸誘導体ならびに以下に記載する特定のその他の化合物もまた、タンパク質の非酵素性糖化を阻害することが見出された。タンパク質の非酵素性糖化および架橋は、加齢とともに増加する長寿命のタンパク質の糖化最終生成物および架橋を伴う、老化プロセスの一部である。このプロセスは、糖尿病により生じるような血液中および細胞内環境中の還元糖濃度の上昇時に増加する。影響を受けた分子の構造的および機能的完全性は、これらの修飾により混乱させられ、そして重度の結果を引き起こす可能性がある。本発明の化合物を使用して、非酵素性糖化および架橋のこのプロセスを阻害し、その結果、糖尿病によりまたは老化により生じる病的作用のいくつかを阻害することができる。化合物は、早期老化、リウマチ様関節炎、アルツハイマー病、尿毒症、神経毒性、アテローム性動脈硬化、および食物中のタンパク質の損傷を予防するためにも有用であり、そして歯の変色を予防することができる。
本発明者らは以前に、アリール(およびヘテロ環式)ウレイドおよびアリール(およびヘテロ環式)カルボキサミドフェノキシイソ酪酸である新規クラスの化合物を報告し、および糖化阻害剤およびAGE形成阻害剤としての安息香酸誘導体および関連化合物もまた、報告した(Rahbar et al., 1999;Rahbar et al., 2000)。後期糖化最終生成物(AGEs)に対するそれらの化合物の阻害作用の可能性を研究するために様々なクラスの有機化合物をスクリーニングする過程において、本発明者らは、試験したフェニルウレイド置換フェノキシプロピオン酸誘導体のほとんどが、阻害作用を有し、そしてこれらの化合物いくつかは、同程度に阻害性のアミノグアニジン濃度よりもずっと低い濃度で、AGE-形成の強力な阻害剤であることを見いだした。本発明の研究の目的は、糖化、AGE形成およびAGE-架橋の新規クラスの阻害剤を開発すること、およびそれらの作用をin vitro化学的アッセイおよび免疫化学的アッセイを介して研究することであった。全部で102種の化合物を設計し、そして合成した。最初の92種の化合物は、他の場で報告した。最も強力な阻害剤の一つであることが以前に報告された、以前に以前に報告したLR23(4-(3,5-ジクロロフェニルウレイド)-フェノキシイソブチリル-1-アミドシクロヘキサン-1-カルボン酸))に基づいて、ここで報告する10種の新規化合物を設計し、そして開発した(Rahbar et al., 1999;本明細書中に参考文献として援用するU.S. 特許出願シリアルNo. 09/543,703)。これらの化合物は、本明細書中に援用するLalezari and Lalezari(1989)中にその合成が報告されている、LR3(図16を参照)、に基づいている。阻害作用の顕著な増加、特にAGE-タンパク質架橋の阻害に対する阻害作用の顕著な増加、が、原型であるLR23と比較して3種の化合物、LR96、LR99およびLR102に見出され(以下を参照)、そしてそれはピリドキサミンと比較して2〜3倍より効果的である(Khalifah et al., 1999)。
糖化の初期(アマドリ)および後期(ポスト-アマドリ)段階に特異的な新規のアッセイ法を使用することにより、初期段階においてより大きな作用を有するいくつかの阻害剤および糖化の後期段階でより大きな作用を有するいくつかの阻害剤が示された。しかしながら、本発明者らが研究してきた阻害剤化合物の多くは、多段階阻害剤である。還元糖のタンパク質のα-アミノ基およびε-アミノ基との反応は、ランダムなプロセスではなく、むしろこれらの化学基の性質および近さに依存する部位特異的反応である。将来的な課題は、AGE形成および架橋を引き起こす一連の複雑な反応および中間体基質中の阻害剤化合物の相互作用部位(1または複数)を具体的に定義することである。
本発明の化合物は、LR93〜LR102として図6〜15に示され、そしてタンパク質糖化およびAGE-形成に対する阻害作用についてそれらの化合物をスクリーニングした。
δ-Gluアッセイは、糖化の初期段階の阻害剤を研究するための特異的な方法である。ヘモグロビン(HbA1C)上での初期糖化生成物(アマドリ)形成の評価を、赤血球を阻害剤化合物の存在下および非存在下にてグルコースの酸化型とともにインキュベートし、その後試験サンプルvs対照でHbA1cを測定することにより、行った(Rahbar and Nadler., 1999)。このテストは、Lindsayたち(1997)による最近の報告に基づく。グルコースの酸化型類似体であるδ-Gluは、赤血球中のヘモグロビンと急速に反応することができ、そしてHbA1Cレベルをインキュベーション開始後数時間以内に顕著に増加させる。対照的に、グルコースの場合には、対応する反応を生じさせるためには、数週間が必要である。本発明者らは、この知見を使用して、ヘモグロビンの初期段階糖化(アマドリ生成物)を測定するためのアッセイ法を考案しそして阻害剤がHbA1C形成を阻害する能力を評価するためのアッセイを考案した。簡単に述べると、新鮮血をカリウム-EDTA中に取り出し、そして200μLの血液を40μLのリン酸緩衝塩類溶液(PBS)、pH 7.4、単独、50ミリモル/L δ-Glu(Sigma)を含有するPBS、または50ミリモル/L δ-Glu+1ミリモル/L阻害剤を含有するPBSのいずれかと混合することにより、採取から30分以内にインキュベーションンの用意をした。37℃にて16時間インキュベーションした後、存在する糖化ヘモグロビン%を測定した。糖化Hb(HbA1C)の%を、専用イオン交換HPLCシステム(BIORAD DIAMAT)を用いて測定した。血液サンプルは、3重にして解析した。化合物によるHbA1c形成の%阻害は、以下の式に従って計算した:
((B-C)/(B-A))×100
ここで、Aは、δ-Gluで処理していないベースライン対照チューブにおけるHbA1C濃度であり、Bは、δ-Gluとともにインキュベートした血液中のHbA1C濃度であり、Cは、δ-Gluおよび阻害剤化合物の両方で処理した試験チューブのHbA1C含量である。
このテストを使用して、阻害剤がBSAの蛍光のグルコース-媒介性発色を阻害する能力を評価する(Ikeda et al., 1996)。Sigmaから入手し三重にしたBSAのサンプル(画分V、本質的に脂肪酸を含まない、低エンドトキシン)50 mg/mLおよびNaN3 0.2 g/Lを含有する1.5 Mリン酸バッファー、pH 7.4中800 mMのグルコース(144 mg/mL)を、様々な濃度の化合物の存在下もしくは非存在下にて、37℃にて7日間、無菌条件下でインキュベートした。インキュベーション7日後、それぞれのサンプルを、特異的な蛍光の発色について調べた(励起光330 nm;放射光410 nm)。対照と比較した試験サンプルにおけるAGE形成の%阻害を、それぞれの阻害剤化合物について計算した。アミノグアニジン(50 mM)を、陽性対照として使用した。結果を、表2に示す。
新規阻害剤化合物による後期糖化生成物(AGEs)、およびAGE-阻害の評価は、試薬の存在下もしくは非存在下にて、リボース中でG. K. ペプチドをインキュベーションすることにより、そしてその後それらの特異的な蛍光の測定を介して、糖化およびAGE形成の経過において生成される発色基を測定することにより、試験した。本発明の化合物がリボースの存在下にてN-アセチルグリシル-リジンメチルエステルの架橋を阻害する能力を評価するために使用したNagarajたち(1996)の方法は、以下のとおりである:
保存溶液:
NaN30.2 g/Lを含有する0.5 Mリン酸ナトリウムバッファー(pH 7.4)
0.5 Mリン酸ナトリウムバッファー(pH 7.4)中、GK ペプチド(Sigma)80 mg/mL
0.5 Mリン酸バッファー中、リボース800 mM(120 mg/mL)
等量(0.1 mL)の3つのストック溶液のサンプルを混ぜ合わせ、0.2ミクロンフィルター(Corning)を介してろ過し、そして37℃にて24時間、無菌条件下でインキュベートした。阻害剤化合物を添加して、最終濃度を1ミリモル/Lとした。インキュベーション期間の最後に、サンプルをそれらの特異的な蛍光について解析した(励起:330 nm;放射:415 nm)。様々な濃度の阻害剤による%阻害を、上述したとおり計算した。アミノグアニジンを50 mMで、陽性対照として使用した。
特別なELISA技術(Al-abed et al., 1999)を使用して、研究された化合物が、ラット尾-腱-コラーゲンでコートした96ウェルプレート(Biocoat Cell Environment, Becton Dickinson)に対する、糖化-BSA(AGE-BSA)の架橋を阻害する能力を評価した。AGE-BSAのラット尾-腱-コラーゲンでコートしたプレートに対する架橋は、所望の濃度の試験化合物の存在下および非存在下で行った。その後、非架橋AGE-BSAを、ウェルを洗浄することにより取り除いた。次に、尾-腱-コラーゲンでコートされたプレートに対するAGE-BSAの架橋を、本発明者らの研究室においてAGE-RNaseに対して生じさせたポリクローナル抗体により定量した。アッセイにおけるポジティブな結果から、阻害剤がコラーゲンと架橋するAGE-BSAの量を減少させることができることが示される。アミノグアニジンは、陽性対照として使用した。
上述の実施例から、このタイプの薬物治療が、非酵素性糖化生成物(初期生成物および後期生成物)およびタンパク質-タンパク質架橋の形成に関連する病理を減少させる際に利点を有する可能性があることが示される。本発明の化合物は、糖尿病合併症を予防するために第2/3相臨床試験の状態にあるアミノグアニジンと比較して、最大250倍、より強力なin vitroでのAGE-形成阻害剤であることが見出される。これらの化合物を、単回量および個々の量におけるそれぞれの薬剤の活性に依存して、様々な投与量で経口的に投与することができる。さらに、化合物は、非経口的または直腸的に投与することができる。
Claims (10)
- 有効量のi)化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩、そしてii)薬剤的なキャリアとを含む薬剤組成物であって、前記化合物が請求項1の化合物である、前記薬剤組成物。
- 化合物が請求項1の化合物であり、治療のために用いる、化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩。
- 生物における老化の有害作用を遅らせる医薬の製造のための請求項1記載の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩の使用であって、ここで前記作用は糖化最終生成物またはタンパク質架橋の形成である、前記使用。
- 糖尿病に起因して生じる合併症の患者における進行を遅らせる医薬の製造のための請求項1記載の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩の使用であって、前記合併症が糖化最終生成物またはタンパク質架橋の形成に起因する、前記使用。
- リウマチ様関節炎、アルツハイマー病、尿毒症、神経毒性、またはアテローム性動脈硬化の、患者における進行を遅らせる医薬の製造のための請求項1記載の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩の使用。
- 食品におけるタンパク質の損傷を防止する方法であって、ここで前記方法は、有効量の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩を、前記食品と混合することを含み、前記有効量が糖化最終生成物またはタンパク質架橋の形成を阻害し、前記化合物が請求項1記載の化合物である、前記方法。
- 生物における老化の有害作用を遅らせるための、請求項1記載の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩を含む医薬組成物であって、ここで前記作用は糖化最終生成物またはタンパク質架橋の形成である、前記医薬組成物。
- 糖尿病に起因して生じる合併症の患者における進行を遅らせるための、請求項1記載の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩を含む医薬組成物であって、前記合併症が糖化最終生成物またはタンパク質架橋の形成に起因する、前記医薬組成物。
- リウマチ様関節炎、アルツハイマー病、尿毒症、神経毒性、またはアテローム性動脈硬化の、患者における進行を遅らせるための、請求項1記載の化合物または薬剤的に許容可能な前記化合物の塩を含む医薬組成物。
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US6790443B2 (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 2004-09-14 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method for treating symptoms of diabetes |
US7030133B2 (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2006-04-18 | City Of Hope | Inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) |
US6605642B2 (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2003-08-12 | City Of Hope | Inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES) |
CA2495663A1 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-26 | Wyeth | Compositions and methods for treating rage-associated disorders |
JP5044122B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-24 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社明治 | 後期糖化最終生成物形成の新規阻害剤及びアルドース還元酵素阻害剤 |
JP4976851B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-27 | 2012-07-18 | シティ・オブ・ホープ | 脂質レベルを哺乳動物において低下させる方法 |
US20070093476A1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2007-04-26 | Bhunia Debnath | Novel compounds and their use in medicine,as antidiabetic and hypolipidemic agents, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
GB0405193D0 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2004-04-21 | Medical Res Council | Compounds |
US20090060925A1 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2009-03-05 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of | Rage Fusion Proteins and Methods of Use |
CA2570324C (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2014-07-22 | Transtech Pharma, Inc. | Rage fusion proteins and methods of use |
FR2883873B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-31 | 2009-07-10 | Pharmamens Sarl | Inhibiteurs d'age |
WO2007044309A2 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Vasix Corporation | Device and method for inhibiting age complex formation |
EP1963786B1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2013-07-24 | GCoder Systems AB | Positioning pattern |
WO2007094926A2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-23 | Transtech Pharma, Inc. | Rage fusion proteins and methods of use |
SG171670A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2011-06-29 | Transtech Pharma Inc | Rage fusion proteins, formulations, and methods of use thereof |
WO2008100470A2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Transtech Pharma, Inc. | Rage - immunoglobulin fusion proteins |
DE102007041232A1 (de) | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verwendung von Sulfonylharnstoffen zur Spaltung von AGEs |
TW200900072A (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2009-01-01 | Arete Therapeutics Inc | Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors |
CN101842382A (zh) | 2007-06-14 | 2010-09-22 | 卡拉狄加制药公司 | Rage融合蛋白 |
US8124655B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2012-02-28 | City Of Hope | Use of LR-90 and LR-102 to overcome insulin resistance |
DE102007054653A1 (de) | 2007-11-14 | 2009-05-20 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verwendung von Thioharnstoff-Derivaten zur Spaltung von AGEs |
EP2421892A1 (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2012-02-29 | Pfizer Inc. | Control of protein glycosylation and compositions and methods relating thereto |
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US9808434B2 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2017-11-07 | City Of Hope | Compound for treating cancer and diabetes |
EP2782902A4 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2015-08-26 | Jill S Fabricant | DERIVATIVES FROM PHENOXYISOBUTTERIC ACID |
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US6605642B2 (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2003-08-12 | City Of Hope | Inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES) |
US6787566B2 (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2004-09-07 | City Of Hope | Breakers of advanced glycation endproducts |
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AU2002252184B2 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
DE60219894D1 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
WO2002072083A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
CA2438870C (en) | 2010-11-23 |
CA2438870A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
EP1370256B1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
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