JP4234638B2 - Construction equipment for underground structures - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for constructing an underground structure that crosses a road or rail just below the road or rail.

  As a method of constructing an underground structure as an underpass directly under a road or a rail, as shown in FIG. 6, conventionally, a start shaft B with an underground structure E to be constructed sandwiched on both sides of the rail or the road A After digging the reaching shaft C, a plurality of pipes 1 having a rectangular cross section in which the friction cut member 2 is disposed on the upper surface from the starting shaft B toward the reaching shaft C should be press-fitted in parallel and embedded. A pipe roof P having a width substantially equal to the width of the upper floor portion e of the underground structure E is formed. After that, the rear end surface of the friction cut member 2 is fixed to the start shaft B side and the rear end surface of the pipe roof P By extending the propulsion jack 3 that supports the reaction force on the rear wall of the starting shaft B in a state where the front end surface of the upper floor portion e of the ready-made underground structure E is in contact with the ground structure in front, Attached to the front end opening of object E The underground structure E is propelled along the lower surface of the friction cut member 2 while being excavated and removed by the cutting edge F, and the pipe roof P pushed out to the reach shaft C side by this propulsion is excised. There is known a method of constructing a tunnel by substituting the underground structure E.

  In such a tunnel construction method, the rear end is fixed to the start shaft B side as described above so that the friction cut member 2 does not move to the reach shaft side by the propulsion of the pipe roof P or the underground structure E. As the fixing means, as shown in FIG. 6, the front end portion of the fixing member H such as a wire rope is integrally connected to the connecting member 6 fixed to the rear end portion of the friction cut member 2, and this fixing is performed. A structure in which the rear end portion of the member H is connected and fixed to the rear wall surface of the starting shaft B, or a fixing member H ′ is fixed on the rear end portion of the friction cut member as shown in FIG. A structure is adopted in which 'is received on the upper part of the front wall of the start shaft B.

  However, even when the fixing means H and H ′ as described above are employed, when the pipe roof P and the underground structure E are propelled along the lower surface of the friction cut member 2, the pipe roof P and the underground structure E Due to the frictional force between the upper surface and the lower surface of the friction cut member 2, in the former fixing means H, the fixing means H is pulled and the rear wall surface of the start shaft B supporting the rear end of the fixing means H is displaced forward. The friction cutting member 2 is moved forward while the latter fixing means H ′ moves the friction cutting member 2 forward while the fixing member H ′ displaces the front wall surface of the start shaft B forward. Will be moved.

  Therefore, no matter which fixing means is used, the movement of the friction cut member 2 cannot be prevented, and when the friction cut member 2 moves, the upper ground of the friction cut member 2 moves together and the rail on the ground surface side. There was a problem of adversely affecting roads and roads. As shown in FIG. 8, such a problem also occurs in the method of propelling the underground structure E by towing it from the reaching shaft C side.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is not only to prevent the collapse of the front and rear wall surfaces on the start shaft side, but also to adversely affect the rails and roads on the surface side. It is in providing the construction apparatus of an underground structure which can construct an underground structure without it.

In order to achieve the above object, an underground structure construction apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of rectangular pipes having friction cut members disposed on the upper surface thereof directly below a road or track as described in claim 1. After forming the pipe roof by embedding in parallel, the underground structure is left with the friction cut member left while excavating the lower ground of the pipe roof by following the upper floor of the underground structure. An apparatus for use in a construction method of an underground structure that replaces the pipe roof and the underground structure by propelling along the lower surface of the friction cut member, the rear end of the friction cut member and the underground structure When the friction cut member moves in the front-rear direction due to the propulsion of the pipe roof between the upper surface or the upper surfaces of the spacer members, The Yonkatto member with connecting the adjusting jack to move the adjustment to the original position side, the front and rear ends from the stroke sensors connected respectively to the stationary part of the propulsion side of the front end portion and underground structures of the adjusting jack Friction The moving amount detection means of the cut member is provided.

According to the underground structure construction apparatus of the present invention, as described in claim 1, a plurality of rectangular pipes having friction cut members disposed on the upper surface thereof are embedded in a parallel state immediately below a road or track. After the pipe roof is formed by the above, the underground structure is moved to the lower surface of the friction cut member with the upper floor portion of the underground structure following the pipe roof and the friction cut member remaining while excavating the lower ground of the pipe roof. The apparatus is used in a construction method of an underground structure that replaces the pipe roof and the underground structure by propelling along the upper surface of the friction cut member and the upper surface of the underground structure or the upper surface of the spacer member. In the meantime, when the friction cut member moves back and forth due to the propulsion of the pipe roof, the friction cut member Since connecting the adjusting jack to move adjusted position side movement when the friction cutting member is moved by the front-rear direction allowance does not affect the road or rail, the friction cutting member to an original position side by adjusting jack By adjusting, without causing collapse of the front and rear walls on the start shaft side, and further preventing the lateral movement, relaxation, collapse, etc. of the ground above the underground structure, it will adversely affect the rails and roads on the surface side Without being able to construct the underground structure without fail.

At this time, the adjustment jack may be always urged in the direction in which the friction cut member is pulled back, so that the friction cut member is against the rubbing force caused by the propulsion of the underground structure and the pipe roof. The original position can be maintained with almost no movement, and even if the friction cut member moves, it can be easily moved and adjusted to the original position by the expansion / contraction means.

Further, when the friction cut members by promoting underground structures has moved forward without any way affect the before and after the wall of the starting pit by deflating the adjusting jack before the movement amount is larger than the allowable range The reaction force can be received on the underground structure side and the friction cut member can be moved and adjusted to the original position side easily and reliably.

  In addition, during the propulsion of the underground structure, the friction cut member moves forward by constantly biasing the adjusting jack in a direction in which the rod contracts with a load less than the propulsive force of the propulsion jack. Even if it moves, it can be easily pulled back to the original position by increasing the contraction force of the adjusting jack, and the position can be adjusted.

In addition, since the detecting means for detecting the amount of movement of the friction cut member is arranged on the propulsion side of the underground structure, the friction cut member should not move beyond an allowable range that adversely affects the road or rail on the surface side. The movement amount of the friction cut member can be measured, and the adjustment jack can be operated according to the movement amount to return the friction cut member to the original position side.

The detection means is composed of a stroke sensor having front and rear end portions thereof connected to the front end portion of the adjustment jack and the stationary portion on the propulsion side of the underground structure, so the upper surface of the underground structure is used. The above-mentioned adjustment jack and stroke sensor can be arranged in a compact manner, so that the preparation work for underground structure can be performed efficiently, and when embedding, the stroke sensor strokes in synchronization with the amount of movement of the friction cut member, An accurate movement amount can be easily detected, and the position adjustment of the friction cut member by the adjustment jack can be easily and reliably performed.

  Next, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, a start shaft B and a reach shaft C are excavated on both grounds sandwiching a rail or a road A (hereinafter referred to as a road A). In addition, when the road A is high and there are wide spaces on both sides of the road, the one side may be the start side and the other side may be the arrival side. Next, the pipe roof P is formed by burying a plurality of rectangular pipes 1 having the friction cut members 2 placed in parallel on the ground D below the road between the starting shaft B and the reaching shaft C in parallel.

  As is well known, the pipe roof P is formed by, for example, pressing the pipe 1 horizontally into the ground D under the road so as to cross the road A from the start shaft B side toward the arrival shaft C, and then starting the start shaft After burying in the ground between B and the reaching shaft C, the next pipe 1 is press-fitted in parallel using the side of the pipe 1 as a guide, and this operation is repeated to have a predetermined width in the length direction of the road A A pipe roof P is formed. The pipe 1 is press-fitted while an earth auger (not shown) is inserted into the hollow to excavate and remove the ground in front.

  The friction cut member 2 mounted on the upper surface of the pipe 1 is made of a steel plate having the same shape and the same shape as the upper surface of the pipe 1, and its front end is welded to the front end of the upper surface of the pipe 1. After being pressed in a state of being integrally fixed by the above and reaching the reaching shaft C, it is cut off from the front end portion of the pipe 1 to be unfixed from the pipe 1. In addition, when the embedding length of the pipe roof P is longer than the length of one pipe 1, the next pipe 1 is press-fitted into the pipe 1 having a certain length while being connected in series. In this case, the front end of the friction cut member 2 mounted on the pipe 1 is fixed to only the leading end of the pipe 1 reaching the leading side, that is, the reaching shaft C side, and the friction cut member on the next pipe 1 is fixed. 2 is integrated with the rear end of the friction cut member 2 on the preceding pipe 1 by welding or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of overhanging pipes 1 ′ are press-fitted and embedded in parallel on both sides of the pipe roof P as necessary, and when the underground structure E is embedded with these overhanging pipes To prevent lateral ground collapse at

  Further, the rear end portion of the friction cut member 2 is protruded rearward from the front wall surface of the start shaft B without being fixed to the rear wall surface or front wall surface of the start shaft B by fixing means. Therefore, since no fixing means is provided, the preparation for burying the underground structure E can be efficiently performed, but the friction cut member 2 is fixed to the start shaft B side using a wire rope or a turnbuckle as before. You may keep it.

  Thus, after the pipe roof P is formed in the ground below the road between the start shaft B and the arrival shaft C, the thickness of the upper floor portion e is slightly smaller than the thickness of the pipe roof P in the start shaft B and has a width. A prefabricated underground structure E formed to be approximately the same width as the pipe roof P is installed, and the front end surface of the upper floor portion e of the friction cut member 2 is mounted on the pipe roof P. A plurality of propulsion jacks 3 are interposed between the rear end surface of the underground structure E and the rear end surface of the start shaft B while being joined to the rear end surface of the pipe roof P so as to contact the lower surface of the rear end portion.

  The underground structure E is equipped with a cutting edge F for excavating the lower surface side ground of the pipe roof P at the front end opening thereof, and a position adjusting mechanism G for the friction cut member 2 is disposed on the upper surface side. .

The position adjustment mechanism G of the friction cut member 2 is composed of an expansion / contraction means composed of an adjustment jack 4 and a detection means composed of a stroke sensor 5, and the adjustment jack 4 extends in the length direction of the underground structure E. As shown in FIG. 3, the connecting member 6 is disposed on the upper surface of the underground structure E, and the front end of the rod 4a is fixed to the rear end portion of the friction cut member 2 protruding from the start shaft B. And the rear end of the cylinder part 4b is propelled with the rear end part of the underground structure E or the middle part in the length direction, or the rear end surface of the underground structure E (not shown). It is detachably connected to a support member 7 detachably fixed to a spacer member interposed between the jack 3 and the jack 3. The connecting member 6 is made of a rectangular bar material that is long in the width direction of the pipe roof P, and the lower surfaces of the friction cutting members 2 constituting the pipe roof P are fixed to the upper surfaces of all the friction cutting members 2. The rear end portions are integrally connected.

  On the other hand, the stroke sensor 5 as a detecting means is removably connected and supported to a stationary part 8 made of a beam in which the cylinder part 5b is fixed between the wall surfaces on both sides of the starting shaft B, and from the cylinder part 5b. The front end of the stroke rod 5a protruding in a telescopic manner is detachably connected to a projecting piece 6a projecting from the upper surface of the connecting member 6.

  The position adjusting mechanism G configured as described above may be disposed only at one central portion in the width direction of the underground structure E. However, a plurality of position adjusting mechanisms G are arranged in the width of the underground structure E. It is preferable to arrange at predetermined intervals in the direction, and by arranging the position adjusting mechanisms G at a plurality of positions in the width direction between the friction cut member 2 and the underground structure E in this way, Even when the underground structure E tilts laterally along with the amount of movement of the underground structure E in the front-rear direction, the displacement can be detected and the position can be corrected. The adjustment jack 4 is configured to measure the stroke amount (shrinkage amount) of the rod 4a with an appropriate measuring instrument (not shown).

  After disposing the plurality of position adjusting mechanisms G on the upper surface side of the underground structure E as described above and then extending the rod of the propulsion jack 3, the underground structure E causes the friction cut member 2 The pipe roof P is pushed forward by the front end surface of the upper floor portion e of the underground structure E and slidably contacts the lower surface of the friction cut member 2 while being slid in contact with the lower surface of the steel plate and while excavating the front ground with the blade edge F. However, the front end portion is projected toward the reaching shaft C according to the forward movement amount of the underground structure E. In addition, when the pipe roof P protruded to the reaching shaft C side reaches a certain length, the protruding portion of each pipe 1 is excised and removed. Moreover, the earth and sand excavated by the blade edge F is discharged and removed into the starting shaft B behind the underground structure E.

  When the underground structure E is press-fitted and propelled into the ground by extending the rod of the propulsion jack 3, the rod can freely expand and contract by setting the adjustment jack 4 in the position adjusting mechanism G to a neutral state, that is, an unloaded state. Keep it like that. Therefore, when the underground structure E is pushed into the ground, it contracts by a length equal to the propulsion amount of the underground structure E and the pipe roof P reaches the underground structure E integrally by the promotion of the underground structure E. Move to the shaft C side.

  The movement of the underground structure E and the pipe roof P is performed using the friction cut member 2 as a guide while the upper surface of the friction cut member 2 is in sliding contact with the lower surface of the friction cut member 2. The friction cut member 2 slides forward while the underground structure E and the pipe roof P slip with respect to the lower surface of the friction cut member 2 due to the frictional force (sliding force) between the upper surface of the underground structure E and the pipe roof P. Move.

  When the friction cut member 2 moves, the stroke bar 5a of the stroke sensor 5 supported by the non-moving portion 8 extends by a length equal to the moving amount, and the extension amount (extension length) is detected by the stroke sensor 5. And it is made to input electrically into the adjustment control part (not shown) installed in the start shaft B side. Then, before the underground structure E is completely pushed into the ground, the adjustment is made when the amount of movement of the friction cut member 2 reaches the set amount of the maximum allowable limit that does not affect the rails on the surface side or the road A. A signal is sent from the control unit to the adjustment jack 4 to supply pressure oil to the adjustment jack 4 in the direction in which the rod 4a contracts, and the rod 4a is contracted by a length substantially equal to the set amount, and an underground structure A reaction force is applied to E, and the friction cut member 2 is pulled back to return to the original buried position. The position adjustment of the friction cut member 2 by the adjustment jack 4 may be performed while propelling the underground structure E by the propulsion jack 3, or may be performed once the propulsion of the underground structure E is stopped. Good.

  Thus, the underground structure E is buried between the starting shaft B and the reaching shaft C in a penetrating state. The length between the starting shaft B and the reaching shaft C, that is, the underground passage formed by the underground structure E When the length is long, the underground structure E formed by dividing the underground passage in the length direction is pushed forward by the propulsion jack 3 while sequentially joining and connecting in series in the front and rear. When the rod 4a of the adjusting jack 4 cannot be further contracted by the propulsion of the object E, the support member 7 that connects and supports the rear end of the adjusting jack 4 is removed from the upper surface of the underground structure E. The cylinder portion 4b of the adjusting jack 4 is moved backward with the connecting member 6 of the friction cut member 2 as a fulcrum while the rod 4a is extended, and the underground structure at the position where the rod 4a is extended to the maximum. Of the upper surface, or to fix the support member 7 on the upper surface of the spacer member.

  In this case, if the extension amount of the rod 4a of the adjusting jack 4 is equal to the length of one underground structure E, a series of underground structures E are propelled by the length of one underground structure E. When it is buried, the support member 7 may be moved to the upper surface of the underground structure E on the rear side or the upper surface of the spacer member and fixed with the rod 4a extended to the maximum extent. If the extension amount of 4a is a length obtained by dividing the length of one underground structure E, the support member 7 is rearwardly moved by the contraction amount every time the rod 4a contracts to the use limit. The rod 4a may be extended to the maximum and fixed to the upper surface of the underground structure E or the upper surface of the spacer member.

Next, a method for adjusting the position of the friction cut member 2 will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In this description, the adjustment jack 4 has a length that allows the rod 4a to expand and contract by an amount corresponding to the length of one underground structure E. First, at the start of propulsion of the underground structure E, the adjustment jack 4 is left in a no-load state and an initial value S ₀ of the stroke amount of the stroke sensor 5 is measured. After that, the rod of the propulsion jack 3 is extended to push the underground structure E into the ground, and propelled while excavating the front ground along the lower surface of the friction cut member 2, and the pipe roof P toward the reaching shaft C side. Extrude according to the propulsion amount. At this time, the rod 4a of the adjustment jack 4 contracts by the same amount as the propulsion amount of the underground structure E, and the contraction amount (stroke) L is measured.

As described above by promoting the underground structures E, the friction cutting member 2 is moved, the amount of movement is measured by the stroke sensor 5, minus the initial measured value S ₀ from the measured quantity (measured value) S ₁ If the value is less than the allowable value that does not affect the rails and road A (usually about 3 mm), the propulsion and burial of the underground structure E is continued. When the length of one underground structure E is propelled and buried in this state, the pushing of the underground structure E by the propulsion jack 4 is stopped, and the next underground structure E is moved to the underground structure E. Then, the underground structure E is promoted again.

On the other hand, when the measured amount S ₁ -initial value S ₀ of the friction cut member 2 becomes 3 mm or more while the underground structure E is being pushed by the length of one piece, the rod 4a of the adjustment jack 4 contracts. The friction cut member 2 is pulled backward by taking a reaction force against the underground structure E by being actuated by loading in the direction. This amount of attraction is detected as the amount of contraction of the stroke rod 5a of the stroke sensor 5, and the measured value S ₂ -the initial value S ₀ is -2 mm or less, that is, within + -2 mm of the length of the initial value S _0. When the friction cut member 2 is pulled rearward, the adjustment jack 4 is brought into a no-load state again. The position adjustment of the friction cut member 2 by the adjustment jack 4 is repeatedly performed until the underground structure E is propelled into the ground by one.

  Thus, when the friction cut member 2 moves forward during the propulsion and embedding of the underground structure E, the adjustment jack 4 is used to adjust the position by pulling it toward the original position. Depending on the geological condition of the front ground and the change in the pressing force of the plurality of propulsion jacks 3, the friction cut member 2 disposed on the other side may move forward. On the other hand, the friction cut member 2 disposed on one side moves rearward.

  Therefore, on the side where the friction cut member 2 moves forward, the position of the friction cut member 2 is pulled back to the original position by the position adjusting mechanism G disposed on the friction cut member 2 side as described above. On the side where the position is adjusted and the friction cut member 2 moves backward, the position is adjusted by pushing the friction cut member 2 back to the original position by the position adjustment mechanism G arranged on the friction cut member 2 side. Make adjustments.

That is, when the friction cut member 2 moves rearward, the stroke bar 5a of the stroke sensor 5 contracts and the contraction amount is measured as a measurement amount. The initial measurement value S ₀ is calculated from the measurement amount (measurement value) S _1. If the subtracted value is 3 mm or less, the underground structure E is continuously promoted and buried. If the value is 3 mm or more, the adjustment jack 4 is extended and the friction cut member 2 side disposed on one side is moved. Push forward toward the original position. When the extension amount of the adjustment jack 4 reaches the initial measurement value S ₀ , the adjustment jack 4 is again brought into a no-load state and the propulsion of the underground structure E is continued.

  The adjustment jack 4 is in an unloaded state during the propulsion of the underground structure E. The adjustment jack 4 is always urged with a load less than the propulsive force of the propulsion jack 3 in the direction in which the rod 4a contracts. In this way, when the underground structure E is propelled, even if the friction cut member 2 tries to move forward due to the forward movement of the underground structure E and the pipe roof P, the adjusting jack 4, the movement can be prevented, and when the friction cut member 2 moves forward by overcoming the contraction force (load) of the adjustment jack 4, the contraction force of the adjustment jack 4 is increased. By doing so, the position is adjusted back to the original position.

  Moreover, in the above embodiment, although the adjustment jack 4 is used as the expansion / contraction means in the position adjustment mechanism G, a screw mechanism or a traction means may be employed, and a stroke sensor 5 is employed as the detection means. For example, on the upper surface of the friction cut member 2 projecting from the start shaft B, the allowable value (about 3 mm) that does not affect the rail or the road A from the front wall surface of the start shaft B to the rear (projection direction). A mark line in the width direction is provided in the width direction of the portion having the length interval of the entire length of the friction cut member 2 or in a desired part such as both sides, and the mark line is provided forward of the friction cut member 2. When it is hidden in the front wall portion of the start shaft B by movement, the adjustment jack 4 is contracted so that the mark line of the friction cut member 2 is rearward from the front wall portion of the start shaft B. It may have been configured to operate to expose.

The simplified vertical side view showing the underground structure propulsion and buried state. The simplified longitudinal front view. The vertical side view of the start pit part which provided the position adjustment mechanism. A longitudinal side view of an underground structure propelled by a certain length in the ground. The flowchart figure in the case of adjusting the position of a friction cut member. The simplified vertical side view which shows a prior art example. The simplified vertical side view which shows another prior art example. The simplified vertical side view showing another conventional example.

Explanation of symbols

A Road or rail B Starting shaft C Reaching shaft E Underground structure P Pipe roof G Position adjustment mechanism 1 Pipe 2 Friction cut member 3 Propulsion jack 4 Adjustment jack 5 Stroke sensor 8 Non-moving part

Claims (1)

After forming a pipe roof by embedding a plurality of rectangular pipes with friction cut members on the upper surface in parallel, directly below the road or track, this pipe roof is followed by the upper floor of the underground structure. Construction of an underground structure that replaces the pipe roof and underground structure by propelling the underground structure along the lower surface of the friction cut member while excavating the lower ground of the pipe roof and leaving the friction cut member left When the friction cut member is moved in the front-rear direction by propulsion of the pipe roof between the rear end portion of the friction cut member and the upper surface of the underground structure or the upper surface of the spacer member, the friction is used. together and connects the adjusting jack for moving and adjusting the cutting member to its original position, the front and rear ends Construction device of underground construction which is characterized in that by arranging the movement amount detecting means of the friction cutting member made from the stroke sensors connected respectively to the stationary part of the propulsion side of the front end portion and underground structures of the adjusting jack .

Images