JP4231626B2 - Motor drive device for automobile - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an automobile motor drive device.

  As a conventional motor drive device for an automobile, a motor that drives an electric vehicle, a power conversion element that constitutes an inverter that drives the motor, and a controller that controls the inverter are configured and mounted on a printed circuit board. A control element, a power conversion element on the top, a housing in which a printed circuit board on which the control element is mounted is arranged and stored, a cooler in which the power conversion element is installed in thermal contact, and the control element And a heat pipe connecting between the heat sink and the cooler. For example, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-233847 are known.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-233847

In this motor drive device for automobiles, the heat resistance temperature of the control element having a small heat generation amount is generally lower than the heat resistance temperature of the power conversion element having a large heat generation amount, and is generated from the control element arranged in the housing. heat is transmitted to the cooler in the heat pipes are trying to suppress an increase in the temperature of the control element by the heat radiation to be.

However, such an automobile motor drive device is configured to transmit the heat of the control element mounted on the printed circuit board to the cooler only through the heat transfer means without passing through the casing. it is necessary to use one and its transfer heat resistance small so as not to interfere with the body. As such a heat transfer means, a special heat transfer means such as a heat pipe must be used, which is inevitably expensive, and it is difficult to ensure sufficient heat transfer performance, and high reliability is obtained. There was a problem that it was not possible.

  In addition, when the ambient temperature of the housing to be installed is high, such an automobile motor drive device is heated from the surroundings, the temperature inside the housing rises, the control element rises in temperature, and high reliability. There was a problem that sex could not be obtained.

Furthermore, such automotive motor driving apparatus, the vibration of that and running of a vehicle to absorb the unevenness of the solder or the like of the printed board mounted with the control element achieve an increase in the effective heat transfer area of the heat transfer hand stage There is no consideration for dealing with it.

  In addition, the motor drive apparatus for automobiles has not been considered for improving the relationship with the radiator used for cooling the engine of the hybrid electric vehicle, that is, for improving the radiator installation.

The purpose of the present invention, in easy single structure housing can be suppressed temperature rise of the control element it is possible to cool a housing, such as the implementation when the density was increased or hybrid electric vehicle control device The object is to obtain a small and reliable motor drive device for an automobile even when the ambient temperature is high .

In order to achieve the above object, an automobile motor control device according to the present invention includes a power conversion element that constitutes an inverter unit that drives a motor that drives an automobile, and a control element that constitutes a control unit that controls the inverter part. A housing in which a storage space for storing the power conversion element and the control element is formed, and a cooler integrally formed with the housing so as to face the storage space. The cooler is formed of a good thermal conductor, the housing and the cooler are thermally connected, and the power conversion element is in thermal contact with the cooler on the cooler facing the storage space. The printed circuit board on which the control element is mounted is placed on a plate-shaped board installation member formed of a good thermal conductor, and the board installation member is supported so as to be thermally connected to the casing. And the power conversion element As it stacked independently and the control device is obtained by housed in the housing space of the housing.
In order to achieve the above object, an automotive motor control apparatus according to the present invention, a power conversion element constituting the inverter circuit for supplying electric power to the driving motors of automobiles, the inverter circuit unit A control element that constitutes a control unit for controlling the control element, a printed board on which the control element is mounted, a metal board installation member for installing the printed board, at least the power conversion element and the control element A metal case for housing and a metal flow path forming body for forming a flow path for flowing a cooling medium, wherein the housing and the flow path forming body are integrally molded, and the substrate installation The member is disposed on the side opposite to the flow path forming body with respect to the power conversion element, and is supported by the casing, and between the substrate installation member, the casing, and the flow path forming body, Create a heat transfer path .

According to the present invention, since the casing formed of a good thermal conductor is thermally connected to the cooler, the inside of the casing can be cooled with a simple configuration. In addition, since the printed circuit board on which the control element is mounted is placed on the board mounting member and is thermally connected to the case that is thermally connected to the cooler, the temperature rise of the control element can be suppressed with a simple configuration. Can do. By these, even when the mounting density of the control elements is increased or when the ambient temperature of the housing is high, it can be made small and excellent in reliability.

  Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of the engine room portion of the hybrid electric vehicle equipped with the present invention.

  In the engine room, a motor driving device 1, an engine 2, a motor 3, a generator 4, a radiator 5, a cooling water pump 6, a pipe 6a, a power transmission mechanism 7 and an axle 8 are arranged. Both end portions of the axle 8 protrude to the outside of the engine room, and wheels 9 are attached.

  The motor drive device 1 that drives the motor 3 is disposed in the vicinity of the engine 2 and the motor 3, and specifically, is disposed immediately above the motor 3 and adjacent to the side of the engine 2. , Particularly the temperature due to heat generated by the engine 2 and the motor 3. The temperature in the engine room can reach 90 ° C or higher depending on the outside temperature. The generator 4 is attached to the side surface of the engine 2, generates electricity by the rotation of the engine 2, and charges the battery 502 (see FIG. 3). The motor driving device 1 is supplied with electric power from the battery 502 and is supplied with electric power from the generator 4. The motor driving device 1 is controlled in a closed space formed by a cooler 110 made of the same material as the case 111 made of a material such as aluminum or copper having good thermal conductivity. The element 102 and the power conversion element 101 are arranged and accommodated so as to be stacked in the upper and lower stages. The power conversion element 101 and the control element 102 generate heat and generate heat when energized. The control element 102 is omitted in one stage in FIG. 2, but is specifically configured in two stages as shown in FIG. Four surfaces of the casing 111 and the cooler 110 are integrally formed, and the front surface of the casing 111 is closed with a cover. The closed space is preferably completely sealed in order to prevent rainwater and dust from entering.

  The radiator 5, the cooling water pump 6, the cooler 110, and the motor 3 are connected in this order by the pipe 6a, and constitute a cooling water circulation path. As this cooling water, water containing an antifreeze composed of ethylene glycol is used. The cooling water is sent from the radiator 5 to the cooler 110 through the operation of the cooling water pump 6 in the circulating water path. After cooling the cooler 110, the motor 110 is cooled to take heat from these temperatures. The temperature rises and then returns to the radiator 5, where heat is exchanged using the traveling wind taken into the engine room by the radiator 5, and the temperature returns to low temperature. The engine 2 is cooled by a system (not shown) different from the cooling water circulation system of the cooler 110, but the cooling water pump 6 may be shared. When the cooling water is insufficient, a water supply cap (not shown) provided on the upper surface of the radiator 5 is removed, and water is supplied from above to replenish.

  FIG. 3 is an electric circuit diagram of the automobile motor drive device of the present invention.

  The power conversion circuit 509 constitutes an inverter unit having a power conversion element including an IGBT switching element 501a, a diode 501b, and the like. The IGBT switching element 501a and the diode 501b are connected so that the + side and the − phase of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase form a bridge. The power conversion circuit 509 has an input side connected to the battery 502 via the filter capacitor 503 and an output side connected to the motor 3. The control circuit 508 including the gate circuit 507 is connected to control the power conversion element 101 in response to detection signals from the current sensor 504 and the encoder 506. The power conversion circuit 509 and the control circuit 508 are driven while controlling the rotation speed of the motor 3.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional perspective view of an automobile motor driving device of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of a cooler of the automotive motor driving device of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a control element of the automotive motor driving device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional enlarged perspective view of another embodiment of the control element and the heat radiating plate portion of the motor drive device for an automobile of the present invention.

The cooler 110 and the casing 111 are integrally formed of a good heat conductor such as aluminum or copper. A cover 130 made of a good thermal conductor is detachably attached so as to be in thermal contact so as to close the upper surface opening of the casing 111. Alternatively, the casing 111 may be formed separately from the cooler 110 in a box shape with an open bottom surface, and both may be attached in a detachable manner by making good thermal contact with each other via thermal conductive grease or the like. The cooler 110 is provided with a cooling water inlet 150 and a cooling water outlet 151, and the cooling water flows as shown by the arrows to cool the cooler 110. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the cooling water flowing from the cooling water inlet 150 efficiently exchanges heat between the partition plates 110 a in the longitudinal direction of the cooler 110, and then from the cooling water outlet 151. Leaked.

A large number of power conversion elements 101 are installed in thermal contact with the upper surface of the cooler 110 and are housed in a casing 111. Many control elements 103 of the control circuit 508 are mounted on the upper surface of the printed circuit board 120 with high density. Many control elements 104 of the gate circuit 507 are mounted on the upper surface of the printed circuit board 120 with high density. Each printed circuit board 120 is placed on the plate-like board installation member 122 through a heat conductive sheet 113 having elasticity on the lower surface. It is desirable to use a thermal conductive sheet 113 having a thermal conductivity of around 1 W / m · K. The board installation member 122 is made of a good thermal conductor such as an aluminum plate having a high thermal conductivity, and both ends thereof are thermally attached to a shelf receiving part 111b that is thermally contacted and fixed to both side surfaces of the casing 111. contact is placed on Ru supported Tei. In addition, the shelf receiving part 111b may be integrally formed with the casing 111, and this is better in heat transfer. The printed circuit board 120 is fixed to the circuit board installation member 122 so that the heat transfer sheet 113 is slightly compressed by fixing means (not shown) such as screws. The heat conduction sheet 113 and the substrate mounting member 122 constitute a heat conduction means. The power conversion element 101 and the control elements 103 and 104 are stacked so as to form different stages independently, and both ends are thermally contacted in advance and fixed with screws or the like. Wiring is easy and is assembled. Each power conversion element of the power conversion circuit 508 generates several hundred W, and its allowable temperature is about 150 ° C., whereas the control element of the control circuit 508 generates about 1 W per unit, and its allowable The temperature is about 100 ° C. Therefore, the temperature condition of the control element is stricter than that of the power conversion element. The printed circuit board 120 on which the control element 103 is mounted and the printed circuit board 120 on which the control element 104 is mounted are arranged so as to be stacked one above the other and stored in the housing 111.

The heat conductive plate 125 is an aluminum plate or a brass plate for the purpose of promoting radiation heat transfer from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity, and is disposed immediately above the control element 104 and is in thermal contact with the casing 111. It is supported in thermal contact with the fixed shelf receiver 111b. The heat dissipating plate 123 welded to the heat conducting plate 125 is suspended so as to face each other with a gap L of several mm on both sides of the control element 104. The heat radiating plate 123 may be integrally formed with the heat conducting plate 125 or may be screwed separately. Further, the heat radiation effect can ask sufficiently flexible vertically movably the contacted from one side to the heat radiating plate 124 control device 104 manufactured to a sheet material which have a 6 is thermally conductive high.

  Next, the cooling state of the motor drive device when the hybrid electric vehicle is driven will be described. The operation of the engine 2 and the motor 3 is switched according to a predetermined condition. Although the engine 2 and the motor 3 are cooled with cooling water, the engine room may still rise to 90 ° C. or higher due to heat generated from them. The motor 3 and the cooling water pump 6 are operated simultaneously. When the cooling water pump 6 is operated, the cooling water cooled to a temperature of about 60 ° C. by the radiator 5 first cools the cooler 110, then cools the motor 3 and returns to the radiator 5. As a result, the temperature of the casing 111 becomes about 70 ° C. When the motor 3 is operated, the power conversion element 101 and the control elements 103 and 104 of the motor driving device 1 generate heat. Most of the heat generated in the power conversion element 101 is directly transmitted to the cooler 110 and radiated to the cooling water, and part of the heat is radiated into the space in the casing 111. Thereby, the temperature rise of power conversion element 101 itself is suppressed. Most of the heat generated in the control element 103 is transmitted from the lower surface of the printed circuit board 120 to the board mounting member 122 via the heat transfer sheet 113, and is then transmitted to both side surfaces of the casing 111 via the shelf receiving portion 111b. Then, the heat is transmitted from the casing 111 to the cooler 110 and radiated into the cooling water, and a part of the heat is radiated into the space of the casing 111. The heat generated by the control element 104 is transmitted from the lower surface of the printed circuit board 120 to the board mounting member 122 via the heat transfer sheet 113, and then transmitted to both side surfaces of the casing 111 via the shelf receiving portion 111b, Heat is transmitted from the upper surface of the control element 104 to the heat radiating plate 104 by radiation, and is radiated into the cooling water through a path transmitted from the heat conducting plate 125 to both side surfaces of the casing 111 via the shelf receiving portion 111b.

  FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional perspective view showing another embodiment of the automobile motor drive device of the present invention.

  The motor drive device 1 of FIG. 7 is obtained by integrally molding an auxiliary cooler 114 on the upper surface of a casing 111. A cooling water inlet 152 and a cooling water outlet 153 are integrally formed on the upper surface of the auxiliary cooler 114. The cooling water outlet 151 and the cooling water inlet 152 are connected, and the cooling water cools the cooler 110 as shown by the arrow, and then cools the auxiliary cooler 114 before reaching the motor.

  According to such an automobile motor drive device, heat is radiated from both the cooler 110 and the auxiliary cooler 114, so that the cooling performance can be remarkably improved. In particular, the air inside the casing 111 is warmed by the power conversion element 101 and the control elements 103 and 104, so that natural convection occurs in the casing 111, but the upper portion of the casing 111 is cooled by the auxiliary cooler 114. By doing so, this natural convection can be promoted, and the cooling performance can be further improved.

According to the automobile motor drive device of the present invention, the casing 111 formed of a good thermal conductor is integrally molded so as to be thermally connected to the cooler 110, so that another auxiliary cooler is provided in the casing 111. The inside of the housing 111 can be cooled with a simple configuration without being provided. Further, the control elements 103 and 104 are supported on a casing 111 integrally formed so as to be thermally connected to the cooler 110 through heat conduction means formed of a good thermal conductor composed of a heat transfer sheet 113 and a substrate mounting member 122. In addition, since it is thermally connected, the temperature rise of the control elements 103 and 104 can be suppressed with a simple configuration without using special means such as a heat pipe. By these, even when the mounting density of the control elements 103 and 104 is increased or when the ambient temperature of the casing 111 is high, it can be made small and excellent in reliability. Moreover, since the power conversion element 101 and the control elements 103 and 104 are housed in the same casing 111 so as to be stacked independently, the power conversion is performed as compared with the case where the control elements 103 and 104 are installed outside the casing 111. The length of the wiring connecting the element 101 and the control elements 103 and 104 can be shortened, thereby making it less susceptible to noise and simplifying the wiring. the size of the cooler 110 cooler compared to those placed on 111 can be small fence, these by small, it is possible to provide a highly reliable, and inexpensive.

  Further, according to the automobile motor drive device of the present invention, the control elements 103 and 104 are mounted on the upper surface of the printed circuit board 120, and the printed circuit board 120 is disposed on the lower surface side through the heat conductive sheet 113 having elasticity. Since the mounting member 122 is arranged, unevenness such as solder on the lower surface side of the printed circuit board 120 can be absorbed by the heat transfer sheet 113 to increase the effective heat transfer area, and transmitted to the printed circuit board 120 while the automobile is running. Vibration can be reduced.

  Furthermore, according to the automobile motor drive device of the present invention, the cooling water is supplied from the radiator 5 to the cooler 110, the power conversion element 101 connected to the cooler 110 is disposed at the lower part, and the control elements 103 and 104 are arranged. Since the mounted printed circuit board 120 is arranged at the upper part, the upper end portion of the radiator 5 used for cooling the engine coolant of the hybrid electric vehicle can be positioned above the cooler 110, whereby the radiator 5 in the engine room and The motor drive device 1 can be easily installed.

  Moreover, according to the automobile motor drive device of the present invention, the upper heat radiating member 125 having the protruding portion formed of the heat radiating plate 123 close to or in contact with the control element 104 on the upper surface side of the printed circuit board 120 can be displaced to the control element 104. The heat conductive sheet 113 having elasticity and the lower heat conductive member having the installation member 122 are disposed on the lower surface side of the printed circuit board 120, and the upper heat radiating member and the lower heat conductive member are thermally attached to the casing 111. Since the heat dissipation means and the heat conduction means connected to the control element 104 are not adversely affected by the heat radiation member and the heat conduction member against the vibration of the printed circuit board 120 of the control element 104 generated during the traveling of the automobile, the control element 104 is provided from both sides. Cooling can be achieved, thereby making it even smaller and more reliable.

  The present invention can be implemented in various other forms without departing from the spirit or main features thereof. As such, the preferred embodiments described herein are illustrative and not limiting. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, and all modifications that come within the meaning of the claims are intended to be embraced within the scope of the invention.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional perspective view of the motor drive device for motor vehicles of this invention. It is a see-through | perspective perspective schematic diagram of the engine room part of the hybrid electric vehicle provided with this invention. It is an electric circuit diagram of the motor drive device for motor vehicles of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the cooler of the automobile motor drive device of the present invention. It is a section expansion perspective view of a control element and a heat sink part of a motor drive device for vehicles of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional expansion perspective view of the other Example of the control element and heat sink part of the motor drive device for motor vehicles of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional perspective view which shows the other Example of the drive device for motors for motor vehicles of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Motor drive device, 2 ... Engine, 3 ... Motor, 4 ... Generator, 5 ... Radiator, 6 ... Cooling water pump, 6a ... Piping, 7 ... Power transmission mechanism, 8 ... Axle, 9 ... Wheel, 101 ... Power conversion element, 102 ... control element, 104 ... control element, 110 ... cooler, 110a ... partition plate, 111 ... casing, 111b ... shelf receiving portion, 113 ... heat conduction sheet, 114 ... auxiliary cooler, 120 ... print Substrate 122, plate-shaped substrate installation member, 123 ... heat sink, 124 ... heat sink, 125 ... heat conduction plate, 150 ... cooling water inlet, 151 ... cooling water outlet, 152 ... cooling water inlet, 153 ... cooling water outlet, 501a ... IGBT switching element, 501b ... diode, 502 ... battery, 503 ... filter capacitor, 504 ... current sensor, 506 ... encoder, 507 ... gate circuit, 508 ... control Circuit, 509 ... power conversion circuits.

Claims (8)

A power conversion element constituting an inverter unit for driving a motor for driving an automobile;
A control element constituting a control unit for controlling the inverter unit;
A housing forming a storage space for storing the power conversion element and the control element;
A cooler integrally molded with the housing so as to face the storage space;
With
Forming the housing and the cooler with a good thermal conductor, and thermally connecting the housing and the cooler;
The power conversion element is installed on the cooler facing the storage space in thermal contact with the cooler,
The printed circuit board mounted with the control device in a state placed on a plate-shaped substrate mounting member formed with good thermal conductor, and supports the substrate mounting member to thermally connected to said housing,
The motor drive apparatus for motor vehicles which accommodated the said power conversion element and the said control element in the storage space of the said housing | casing so that it might accumulate independently. A power conversion element constituting an inverter circuit unit for supplying electric power to a motor for driving an automobile;
A control element constituting a control unit for controlling the inverter circuit unit;
A printed circuit board on which the control element is mounted;
A metal board installation member for installing the printed circuit board;
A metal housing that houses at least the power conversion element and the control element;
A metal flow path forming body that forms a flow path for flowing a cooling medium,
The housing and the flow path forming body are integrally molded,
The substrate mounting member is disposed on the opposite side of the flow path forming body with respect to the power conversion element, and is supported by the housing.
An automobile motor drive device for forming a heat transfer path among the substrate mounting member, the casing, and the flow path forming body. The motor drives a hybrid electric vehicle ;
Before Symbol cooler is provided with a flow passage through which cooling water flows to be cooled by the in-vehicle radiator,
The motor drive apparatus for motor vehicles of Claim 1 or 2 arrange | positioned in the engine room of the said hybrid electric vehicle. Mounting the control element on one side of the printed circuit board;
The motor drive apparatus for motor vehicles of Claim 1 or 2 with which the said printed circuit board was mounted in the said board | substrate installation member via the heat conductive sheet which has elasticity between the other surfaces of the said printed circuit board.   The motor drive device for an automobile according to claim 4, wherein the heat conductive sheet is formed of a material mainly composed of heat conductive silicone.   3. The motor drive apparatus for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein the control element is divided into a plurality of stages and mounted on a printed board including a microcomputer and a printed board including a gate circuit.   The heat radiation member which has the protrusion part which adjoins or contacts the said control element in the surface side which provided the said control element of the said printed circuit board was provided so that it might connect thermally to the said housing | casing. The motor drive apparatus for motor vehicles of description. The heat dissipating member has a plurality of projecting portions displaceable, and the printed board and the board installation member are sandwiched by sandwiching a heat conductive sheet having elasticity between the other surface of the printed board and the board installation member. The motor drive apparatus for motor vehicles of Claim 7 which was connected thermally.

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